• Here, we focused our attention on the mushroom body output neurons (MBONs) of the γ-lobes that act as downstream synaptic partners of the MB γ-Kenyon cells (KCs) to ask how the output of the MB γ-lobe is shaped by olfactory associative conditioning, distinguishing this from non-associative stimulus exposure effects, and without the influence of downstream modulation. (nih.gov)
  • The mushroom body intrinsic Kenyon cells are believed to store the memory in the synaptic connection to mushroom body output neurons. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Recent work also shows evidence for the involvement of the mushroom body in innate olfactory behaviors through interactions with the lateral horn, possibly making use of the partially stereotyped sensory responses of the mushroom body output neurons (MBONs) across individuals. (wikipedia.org)
  • We reconstructed, from a whole CNS EM volume, the synaptic map of input and output neurons that underlie food intake behavior of Drosophila larvae. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The mushroom body output neurons are connected to interneurons that directly target the feeding output neurons. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Modelling differential roles for identified dopaminergic and output neurons of the fruit-fly mushroom bodies combined with a novel dopaminergic plasticity rule explains neural and behavioural phenomena in olfactory learning tasks. (github.io)
  • The preferential expression of OAMB in mushroom bodies and its capacity to produce cAMP accumulation suggest an important role in synaptic modulation underlying behavioral plasticity. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Thus, Eph/Ephrin signaling acts to guide a subset of mushroom body branches to their correct synaptic targets. (arizona.edu)
  • Choudhury SD, Mushtaq Z, Reddy-Alla S, Balakrishnan SS, Thakur RS, Krishnan KS, Raghu P, Ramaswami M, Kumar V. σ2-Adaptin Facilitates Basal Synaptic Transmission and Is Required for Regenerating Endo-Exo Cycling Pool Under High-Frequency Nerve Stimulation in Drosophila. (tcd.ie)
  • Liu H , Zhou B, Yan W, Lei Z , Zhao X , Zhang K, Guo A . Astrocyte-like glial cells physiologically regulate olfactory processing through the modification of ORN-PN synaptic strength in Drosophila. (neurotree.org)
  • Glomerulus-Selective Regulation of a Critical Period for Interneuron Plasticity in the Drosophila Antennal Lobe. (tcd.ie)
  • Implications of the Sap47 null mutation for synapsin phosphorylation, longevity, climbing proficiency and behavioural plasticity in adult Drosophila. (tcd.ie)
  • Plasticity of recurrent inhibition in the Drosophila antennal lobe. (tcd.ie)
  • Image of the Drosophila brain (magenta) with a subset of mushroom body neurons expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) via a genetic marker. (princeton.edu)
  • In insects, this process is localized to the mushroom body (MB), the circuitry of which facilitates the coincident detection of sensory stimuli and punishing or rewarding cues and, downstream, the execution of appropriate learned behaviors. (nih.gov)
  • Information about odors may be encoded in the mushroom body by the identities of the responsive neurons as well as the timing of their spikes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Identification and structural characterization of interneurons of the Drosophila brain by monoclonal antibodies of the Würzburg hybridoma library. (tcd.ie)
  • Convergence of monosynaptic and polysynaptic sensory paths onto common motor outputs in a Drosophila feeding connectome. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Projection neuron groups are segregated, innervating glomerular groups separately and sending axons by separate routes, either through the medial-antenno protocerebral tract (m-APT) or through the lateral-antenno protocerebral tract (l-APT), and connecting with two layers in the calyx of the mushroom bodies. (wikipedia.org)
  • A completely different set of sensory compartments is connected to the mushroom body calyx. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Immunohistochemical analysis using an antibody made to the receptor revealed highly enriched expression in the mushroom body neuropil and the ellipsoid body of central complex, brain areas known to be crucial for olfactory learning and motor control, respectively. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • In Hymenoptera in particular, subregions of the mushroom body neuropil are specialized to receive olfactory, visual, or both types of sensory input. (wikipedia.org)
  • In order to understand and compare the mechanisms underlying visual appetitive and aversive memories in Drosophila , we sought to establish a new behavioral paradigm for visual associative learning in adult flies. (frontiersin.org)
  • Drosophila represents the Goldilocks principle of neural research, with sufficient behavioral complexity, while maintaining a huge advantage in neural simplicity," Roman said. (uh.edu)
  • Additionally, Drosophila has the most powerful genetic toolkit available for behavioral experimentation. (uh.edu)
  • Thermal nociception in adult Drosophila: behavioral characterization and the role of the painless gene. (thepenglab.org)
  • Adult flies are trained en masse to differentially associate one of two visual conditioned stimuli (CS) (blue and green light as CS) with an appetitive or aversive chemical substance (unconditioned stimulus or US). (frontiersin.org)
  • Adult Drosophila acquire rapid functional tolerance to ethanol after a single sedation due in part to a transcriptional up-regulation of the slowpoke message. (utexas.edu)
  • Using the binary GAL4/UAS system to express slowpoke in different parts of the Drosophila nervous system I show that slowpoke induction in the mushroom bodies of the adult fly brain, a region critical for olfactory learning and memory, is important for ethanol tolerance. (utexas.edu)
  • To identify an octopamine receptor mediating this function in Drosophila, putative biogenic amine receptors were cloned by a novel procedure using PCR and single-strand conformation polymorphism. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • One new receptor, octopamine receptor in mushroom bodies (OAMB), was identified as an octopamine receptor because human and Drosophila cell lines expressing OAMB showed increased cAMP and intracellular Ca2+ levels after octopamine application. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • In contrast to the large vertebrate Eph/Ephrin family, Drosophila has a single Eph receptor and a single Ephrin ligand, both of which are expressed within the developing nervous system. (arizona.edu)
  • Thomas, John B. / Drosophila Eph receptor guides specific axon branches of mushroom body neurons . (arizona.edu)
  • We have begun to combat this by investigating the role of the transmembrane protein Cln3, which is affected in the most common form of NCL, using Drosophila. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • A C-terminal ataxin-2 disordered region promotes Huntingtin protein aggregation and neurodegeneration in Drosophila models of Huntington's disease. (tcd.ie)
  • A genome-wide resource for the analysis of protein localisation in Drosophila. (tcd.ie)
  • Specific functions of Drosophila amyloid precursor-like protein in the development of nervous system and nonneural tissues. (thepenglab.org)
  • It seems likely that in the case of food intake mushroom body extrinsic neurons undergo adaptive changes, while Kenyon cells do not change morphologically. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • We have identified that the Drosophila Cln3 shares many properties with the vertebrate form, it is localised to the endosomal-lysosomal compartment in many cell type and found at the synapse. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • The mushroom bodies or corpora pedunculata are a pair of structures in the brain of arthropods, including insects and crustaceans, and some annelids (notably the ragworm Platynereis dumerilii). (wikipedia.org)
  • In most insects, the mushroom bodies and the lateral horn are the two higher brain regions that receive olfactory information from the antennal lobe via projection neurons. (wikipedia.org)
  • two views of Mushroom Bodies in Drosophila brain. (u-psud.fr)
  • Researchers at Princeton University have developed a highly sensitive and precise method to explore genes important for memory formation within single neurons of the Drosophila fly brain. (princeton.edu)
  • Murthy's team focused on neuron types in one part of the brain, the mushroom body, named for its distinctive shape. (princeton.edu)
  • Our work opens up the ability to use Drosophila as a way to study how gene expression in single neurons relates to brain function," Crocker said. (princeton.edu)
  • A survey of brain structures mediating drug tolerance in the genetically tractable Drosophila could potentially reveal evolutionarily conserved molecular pathways regulating tolerance. (utexas.edu)
  • The significance of using fruit flies is that while their brain structure is much simpler with far fewer neurons, the mushroom body is analogous to the perirhinal cortex in humans, which serves the same function of sensory integration and learning. (uh.edu)
  • In this talk I present how our anatomically accurate incentive circuit predicts the responses of mushroom body neurons from the fruit fly brain and how they can be used to create similar behaviour to the one observed in the animals. (github.io)
  • We present how our novel dopaminergic learning rule and the incentive circuit predict the responses of mushroom body neurons from the fruit fly brain and create similar behaviour to the one observed in the animals. (github.io)
  • Researchers have known that genes "turn on," or start making proteins, during the formation of long-term memories in Drosophila , a widely used organism in studies of neurobiology, but they didn't know exactly which genes in which neurons were involved. (princeton.edu)
  • The researchers trained the flies to form long-term memories by exposing them to an odor - either an earthy, mushroom-like smell (3-octanol) or a menthol-like smell (4-methylcyclohexanol) - while simultaneously delivering a negative stimulus in the form of an electric shock. (princeton.edu)
  • However, their discovery in the mantis shrimp in 2017 lead to the later conclusion that the mushroom body is the ancestral state of all arthropods, and that this feature was later lost in crabs and lobsters. (wikipedia.org)
  • Drosophila CHCHD2 ( dCHCHD2 ) knockout flies exhibit PD-like phenotypes in an age-dependent manner, which include dysfunction in motor ability, DA neuron loss, increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial cristae degeneration 2 . (nature.com)
  • I have identified Drosophila shibire as a critical gene mediating rapid tolerance to ethanol in flies. (utexas.edu)
  • Roman and Zhang set about to unravel some of these mysteries by studying the brains of fruit flies (Drosophila). (uh.edu)
  • Studies of fruit fly mushroom bodies have been particularly important for understanding the genetic basis of mushroom body functioning, since their genome has been sequenced and a vast number of tools to manipulate their gene expression exist. (wikipedia.org)
  • Historically, it was believed that only insects had mushroom bodies, because they were not present in crabs and lobsters. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, since mushroom bodies are also found in anosmic primitive insects, their role is likely to extend beyond olfactory processing. (wikipedia.org)
  • How could the mushroom body and central complex combine for visual homing in insects? (github.io)
  • In these layers the organization of the two efferent regions of the antennal lobe is represented topographically, establishing a coarse odotopic map of the antennal lobe in the region of the lip of the mushroom bodies. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gregg Roman, an associate professor of biology and biochemistry at UH, and Shixing Zhang, his postdoctoral associate, describe their findings in a paper titled "Presynaptic Inhibition of Gamma Lobe Neurons Is Required for Olfactory Learning in Drosophila," appearing Nov. 27 in Current Biology, a scientific bimonthly journal published by Cell Press. (uh.edu)
  • Li H, Li Y, Lei Z , Wang K, Guo A . Transformation of odor selectivity from projection neurons to single mushroom body neurons mapped with dual-color calcium imaging. (neurotree.org)
  • The necessity to function with resource constraints has led evolution to design animal brains (and bodies) to be optimal in their use of computational power while being adaptable to their environmental niche. (jneurosci.org)
  • Social communication of predator-induced changes in Drosophila behavior and germline physiology. (tcd.ie)
  • In wild type, mushroom body neurons bifurcate and extend distinct branches to different target areas. (arizona.edu)
  • These results provide a basis for future investigations into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying visual memory and perception in Drosophila . (frontiersin.org)
  • Zhang X, Liu H , Lei Z , Wu Z, Guo A . Lobula-specific visual projection neurons are involved in perception of motion-defined second-order motion in Drosophila. (neurotree.org)
  • Long-term, but not short-term blockade of dopamine release in Drosophila impairs orientation during flight in a visual attention paradigm. (thepenglab.org)
  • Mushroom bodies are known to be involved in learning and memory, particularly for smell, and thus are the subject of current intense research. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition my research group has developed the use of Drosophila as a model system to identify the normal and pathological roles of proteins associated with neurodegenerative disease. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Research progress on Drosophila visual cognition in China. (thepenglab.org)
  • One center, the mushroom body (MB), has been studied extensively and is thought to be a site for olfactory learning ( Davis, 2011 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • obs) which are adding to the study of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the development of connectivity in the embryonic central nervous system (CNS) of Drosophila. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • This makes use of humanised Drosophila that express human tau and specific identified human kinases to create an AD-like pathology. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • In this study, we introduced a light-driven proton transporter, Delta-rhodopsin (dR), to Drosophila mitochondria, where the mitochondrial proton-motive force (Δp) and mitochondrial membrane potential are maintained in a light-dependent manner. (nature.com)
  • In this study, by adapting dR to mitochondria in Drosophila , we present a potential therapeutic approach to preserve mitochondria from degeneration caused by CHCHD2 loss. (nature.com)
  • Drosophila as a model system to study axonal guidance and neurodegenerative disease. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • By manipulating Cln3 function in Drosophila we have identified that it interacts with Notch and JNK signalling (Tuxworth et al. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • We have established Drosophila as a whole animal assay to investigate which of these are responsible for the generation of toxic forms of tau in vivo. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • We suggest a mechanism that integrates the allocentric velocity of the animal (estimated by the fan-shaped body) and the scene familiarity (estimated by the mushroom body) to a target velocity that drives the behaviour of the animal. (github.io)