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TestisBlood-Brain BarrierRete TestisSpermatogenesisSertoli CellsCryptorchidismLeydig CellsBlood-Testis BarrierSpermatidsSpermatozoaSpermatogoniaSeminiferous EpitheliumBlood-Retinal BarrierEpididymisSpermatocytesBlood-Air BarrierTestosteroneTesticular DiseasesTesticular NeoplasmsTight JunctionsCommunication BarriersPermeabilitySperm CountOrgan SizeMolecular Sequence DataInfertility, MaleRNA, MessengerGerm CellsGenitalia, MaleOrchitisSpermatic Cord TorsionSexual MaturationScrotumTissue DistributionOccludinImmunohistochemistryCapillary PermeabilityAmino Acid SequenceBase SequenceRats, Sprague-DawleyOrgan SpecificityBlood-Aqueous BarrierSex DifferentiationOrchiectomyReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionFertilityOvarySex-Determining Region Y ProteinZonula Occludens-1 ProteinDNA, ComplementarySeminal VesiclesIn Situ HybridizationElectric ImpedanceBlood-Nerve BarrierSex Determination ProcessesFollicle Stimulating HormoneGonadsSertoli Cell TumorCell Membrane PermeabilityGene ExpressionOrchiopexyGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalBrainDibutyl PhthalateMice, Inbred C57BLTime FactorsCloning, MolecularBlotting, NorthernHealth Services AccessibilityMembrane ProteinsSperm MotilityCells, CulturedReproductionLuteinizing HormoneEpidermisSeminomaTesticular HormonesSperm MaturationClaudinsRats, WistarBlotting, WesternAnimals, NewbornMeiosisVaricoceleSequence Homology, Amino AcidSpermatic CordMice, KnockoutGene Expression RegulationInhibinsSOX9 Transcription FactorMice, HairlessGenes, sryDiethylhexyl PhthalateClaudin-5Intestinal Mucosa
SpermatogenesisSertoli CellsGermLeydigCross the blood testesSeminiferousTissueProteinsPermeabilityMorphologyEfferentCytotoxicStructuralEstradiolPhysiologicalFertilityPenetrateInflammationOccurSperm productionProtein expressionFunctionalArterialEpithelial cellsReproductiveDifferentiationVesselsSemenHyperforinExposureEndothelialMethodsProductionFunctionLevelsCellsHighHumanMaleEntersBrainUrineDamageMuscleStudiesControlSupplyVaginalImmuneResult
Spermatogenesis4
  • Taniguchi and colleagues reported that while hOvol1 and hOvol2 were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the testes of patients capable of spermatogenesis, they were not detected in those with Sertoli cell-only syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • A decline in intratesticular testosterone levels has been highlighted in vitro in 35- to 49-day cultures of 5 d pp mouse testes, i.e. after the end of the first wave of spermatogenesis ( 9 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Immunological tolerance to developmental sperm antigens is not induced in males, because spermatogenesis begins first in the testis on puberty, much after the establishment of tolerance to self-antigens. (benthamscience.com)
  • These provide structural and nutritional support for germ cells, regulate spermatogenesis, and maintain the blood-testis barrier. (diva-portal.org)
Sertoli Cells14
Germ4
  • The barrier also protects the germ cells from blood-borne noxious agents, prevents antigenic products of germ cell maturation from entering the circulation and generating an autoimmune response, and may help establish an osmotic gradient that facilitates movement of fluid into the tubular lumen. (wikipedia.org)
  • They create a specialized microenvironment to support the germ cell development especially through the formation of the blood-testis barrier (BTB). (biomedcentral.com)
  • If the blood-testes barrier, which isolates germ cells from the contact with local immune system, is impaired by some reasons, autoimmunity to sperm antigens could be induced and results in the development of autoimmune orchitis. (benthamscience.com)
  • Previous genomics studies on testis tissue from men with KS focused on germ cell loss, while a transcriptomic analysis focused on testicular fibrosis has not yet been performed. (researchportal.be)
Leydig1
  • The receptor is also expressed at high levels in the human testis, where it is found in both Sertoli and Leydig cells. (nih.gov)
Cross the blood testes2
  • While research into the potential reproductive toxicity of nanoparticle s is still in its infancy, the identified research suggests that nanoparticle s cross the blood testes barrier and deposit in the testes, and that there is potential for adverse effects on sperm cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Caffeine can cross the blood-testes barrier and can even be found in semen. (my-fertility-blog.com)
Seminiferous3
  • The blood-testis barrier is a physical barrier between the blood vessels and the seminiferous tubules of the animal testes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The barrier also prevents passage of cytotoxic agents (bodies or substances that are toxic to cells) into the seminiferous tubules. (wikipedia.org)
  • In conclusion, significant interrelations among the β-actin network, the junctional complexes of the blood-testis barrier and the ectoplasmic specializations were detected at different stages of the seminiferous cycle. (techscience.com)
Tissue4
  • This study reports useful information on the limits of the organotypic culture of neonatal mouse testes, which has been regarded as an experimental strategy that can be extended to humans in the clinical setting for the conservation and subsequent re-use of testicular tissue. (elifesciences.org)
  • Tissue extracts of Mouse Testis (Lane 6) and Mouse Kidney (Lane 7) were electrophoresed using NuPAGE™ 3-8% Tris-Acetate Protein Gel (Product # EA0378BOX). (thermofisher.com)
  • In addition, markers for spermatogonia in testis tissue were explored. (researchportal.be)
  • The brain tissue/plasma ratio of 0.025 suggested minimal AlbudAb blood-brain barrier penetration. (nih.gov)
Proteins4
  • 0.01) and a loss of linear distribution of these proteins at the region of the blood-testis barrier. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, hyperforin promotes the expression of tight junction proteins in endothelial cells after blood-brain barrier injury ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Group treated with Cis showed a decrease in the antioxidant activity and an increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn caused disruption in blood-testis barrier (BTB) proteins in the three different rat ages, and sperm DNA damage in the adult rats compared to control group (p (bvsalud.org)
  • ZnO-NPs administration to Cis group manifested a significant decrease in the ROS that restored the BTB proteins, enhanced the architecture of the testis in the three different rat ages, and increased sperm DNA integrity in the adult rats. (bvsalud.org)
Permeability3
  • Previous research has shown that lack of sleep has an effect on the blood-brain barrier by increasing its permeability (i.e. that barrier becomes weaker and lets more unwanted "stuff" through to the brain). (testhim.com)
  • Their research concluded that lack of sleep did in fact increase permeability of the blood-testis and blood-epididymis barriers, which negatively affected sperm in terms of their motility and viability. (testhim.com)
  • An increase in the permeability of the blood-testis barrier allows toxins and other unwanted compounds to enter the testis which cause damage to the production of sperm. (testhim.com)
Morphology2
  • Testis morphology was analyzed using light and electron microscopy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, alterations in the structural and the ultrastructural morphology of the testis were observed compared with the control at 37, 60 and 90 days old rats. (bvsalud.org)
Efferent2
Cytotoxic1
  • This review summarizes the current published research on deposition/translocation of nanoparticle s to the testes and male germline cells, and the potential cytotoxic effects. (cdc.gov)
Structural1
  • Tight junctions (TJ) are multi-protein complexes that hold epithelial cells together and form structural and functional barriers for maintaining proper biological activities. (biomedcentral.com)
Estradiol1
Physiological2
  • Epithelial cells play a key protective role, since they are the first physiological barrier against allergen infiltration ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • P-gp functions physiologically in both excretory and/or protective capacities by regulating concentration gradients of xenobiotics across biological membranes.1 Endogenously, P-gp is expressed at various physiological barriers, such as the blood-brain, blood-placental, and blood-testis barriers, where it prevents entry of exogenous molecules from the blood or lumen into organs. (unscburma.org)
Fertility1
  • Chronic sleep loss disrupts blood-testis and blood-epididymis barriers and reduces male fertility. (testhim.com)
Penetrate2
  • Steroids penetrate the barrier. (wikipedia.org)
  • In fact, I would be astonished if sperm were more likely to penetrate skin than the blood-testis barrier (though the mucus membranes are another possibility, but since there was no thoroughness to the research at all we are stuck speculating). (queerty.com)
Inflammation3
  • Silencing of BCL6 reversed the effects of hyperforin on IL‑13‑induced inflammation and barrier damage. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In summary, the present results revealed that hyperforin suppressed IL‑13‑induced nasal epithelial cell inflammation and barrier damage by targeting BCL6/p38 MAPK/CCL11, which may provide promising therapeutic targets for AR. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Thus, the present study aimed to explore the functional roles of hyperforin on IL-13-stimulated nasal epithelial cells and discuss the mechanism by which hyperforin influences nasal epithelial cell viability, inflammation and barrier damage. (spandidos-publications.com)
Occur1
Sperm production1
Protein expression1
  • Present study was designed to establish a causal connection between changes in the cell-cell junction protein expression at the blood-testis barrier and alterations in the adult rat testis histology following an anti-androgen flutamide exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
Functional1
  • Male hypogonadism is defined as a disorder associated with decreased functional activity of the testes, with decreased production of sexual hormones ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Arterial3
  • Which of the following is the main arterial supply to the testis? (topgradeapp.com)
  • Predominant arterial blood supply of stomach is through Left gastric artery. (medicosplexus.com)
  • Sildenafil used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (high blood pressure in the pulmonary artery). (who.int)
Epithelial cells3
  • Th2 cytokines also induce the breakdown of the epithelial barrier in allergic diseases, and epithelial cells release cytokines to promote Th2 immune response ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Barrier functions of TJ were examined in wild-type or DUSP3-deficient lung epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Normal epithelial cells, particularly in simple epithelium, have apical and basal-lateral polarity and form barrier against environmental challenges. (biomedcentral.com)
Reproductive2
  • Three articles pertained to deposition/ translocation of nanoparticle s in the testes, two pertained to cytotoxicity of nanoparticle s on male germline cells, and one study assessed deposition and bioaccumulation of nanoparticle s in the testes, and potential for adverse reproductive outcomes in successive offspring. (cdc.gov)
  • Cortisol increases blood sugar levels and enhances the brains use of glucose, whilst also suppressing our immune system and reproductive system. (testhim.com)
Differentiation1
  • The evidence that the culture of testicular fragments of 6.5-day-old mouse testes does not allow optimal differentiation of steroidogenic cells is compelling and should enable further optimizations in the future. (elifesciences.org)
Vessels2
  • You may as well say that a person could be allergic to their own blood because the immune system does not have access to the inner walls of the blood vessels. (queerty.com)
  • A very large dose of ionizing radiation can also damage the heart and blood vessels (cardiovascular system), brain, and skin. (msdmanuals.com)
Semen1
  • Their analysis showed that Viramune better penetrated the blood-testes barrier than other NNRTIs or protease inhibitors, and was detected at higher concentrations in semen than the other anti-HIV meds. (hivplusmag.com)
Hyperforin2
  • The results revealed that hyperforin inhibited IL‑13‑induced nasal epithelial inflammatory cytokine release and repressed the damage to the cellular barrier from IL‑13 stimulation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In addition, hyperforin has been revealed to have anti-inflammatory properties and is resistant to barrier damage. (spandidos-publications.com)
Exposure1
  • Blood concentration of volatile organic compounds in a nonoccupationally exposed US population and in groups with suspected exposure. (cdc.gov)
Endothelial1
  • The red blood cell as a mediator of endothelial dysfunction in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia. (helsinki.fi)
Methods2
  • We found that, in addition to methodological challenges, a variety of implementation barriers are expected in relation to the uptake of phylodynamic methods for HIV surveillance. (cdc.gov)
  • We aimed to describe the demographic and disease profile of patients presenting with infection requiring surgical management, describe determinants of patients' health-seeking behaviour, and identify barriers to care.Methods: A prospective descriptive questionnaire-based study was conducted at Edenvale General Hospital between February 2014 and October 2016. (bvsalud.org)
Production2
  • Determining volatile organic compounds in human blood from a large sample production by using purge and trap gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. (cdc.gov)
  • Large doses of ionizing radiation can cause acute illness by reducing the production of blood cells and damaging the digestive tract. (msdmanuals.com)
Function3
  • Therefore, preservation of the epithelial barrier function can reduce the type 2 immune response caused by the influx of harmful environmental molecules, including allergens, which is considered as a promising therapeutic strategy for AR therapy ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Poor sleep tends to lead to lower mood, disturbances in blood sugar levels, poor digestion, poor cognitive function and so much more. (testhim.com)
  • HA650 trade name] are at an increased risk for severe and potentially fatal liver adverse reactions, and may require blood tests to monitor liver function. (who.int)
Levels3
  • Blood levels of which substance are described by curve B? (proprofs.com)
  • Moreover, our recent transcriptomic analysis reveals a decline in mRNA levels of Cyp17a1 , encoding a steroidogenic enzyme, in 4- to 30-day cultures of 6 d pp mouse testes ( 10 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Furthermore, we found that the expression of the testosterone synthesis-related genes LHCGR (luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor) and Hsd3b6 (3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 6) was significantly downregulated in Cd-treated testes, but these genes maintained similar expression levels in letrozole-treated testes as those in the control group. (bvsalud.org)
Cells1
  • When the blood-testes barrier is breached, and sperm enters the bloodstream, the immune system mounts an autoimmune response against the sperm, since the immune system has not been tolerized against the unique sperm antigens that are only expressed by these cells. (wikipedia.org)
High1
  • Low blood [Ca2+] and high blood [phosphate] are consistent with hypoparathyroidism. (proprofs.com)
Human1
  • The development of the human blood-CSF-brain barrier. (cdc.gov)
Male1
  • Measurement of serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has become increasingly widespread since it provides information about the activity of the male gonad without the need for dynamic tests, and also reflects the action of FSH and androgens within the testis. (biomedcentral.com)
Enters1
  • Formation of urine Blood leaves the heart via the aorta and enters the renal artery where it flows into the interlobar arteries. (easynotecards.com)
Brain1
Urine1
  • Trace the flow of blood and the flow of filtrate/urine through the kidney. (easynotecards.com)
Damage1
Muscle1
  • Slowly increasing ratios in muscle, testis, pancreas, and spleen reflected either slow AlbudAb penetration and/or 89 Zr residualization in these organs. (nih.gov)
Studies1
  • Testicular biopsy is indicated in azoospermic men with a normal-sized testis and normal findings on hormonal studies to evaluate for ductal obstruction, to further evaluate idiopathic infertility, and to retrieve sperm. (medscape.com)
Control1
  • Testes from 90-day-old control and flutamide-exposed rats were used for all analyses. (biomedcentral.com)
Supply1
  • Blood supply to medulla includes Anterior spinal artery, Posterior inferior cerebellar artery but does not include Superior cerebellar. (medicosplexus.com)
Vaginal2
  • In females, ZIKV RNA has been detected in cervical mucus and vaginal secretions after its clearance from blood. (nih.gov)
  • When reviewing personal protective equipment, the hospital staff did importantly point out the often imperfect adherence to the use of PPE during labor and delivery, so they expressed concern over the patient's history of Ebola virus disease because large volumes of blood and amniotic fluid are often encountered in typical, uncomplicated vaginal deliveries. (cdc.gov)
Immune3
  • The anti-sperm antibodies generated by the immune system can bind to various antigenic sites on the surface of the developing sperm within the testes. (wikipedia.org)
  • b) The immune system has no more access to the surface of one's skin than to sperm within the testis. (queerty.com)
  • One hypothesis is that the testes may harbor SARS-CoV-2 in men, providing it sanctuary from the immune system, beyond the BTB. (nih.gov)
Result1
  • The blood-testes barrier can be damaged by trauma to the testes (including torsion or impact), by surgery or as a result of vasectomy. (wikipedia.org)