Blastocyst clone embryos human embryos. Medical search. Frequent questions

It became a hot topic in 1996 when Dolly the sheep was cloned via a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (archstl.org)
Although many species produce clonal offspring in this fashion, Dolly, the lamb born in 1996 at a research institute in Scotland, was the first asexually produced mammalian clone. (who.int)
Ever since cloning produced Dolly the sheep , scientists have copied a slew of mammals ranging from dogs to ponies. (engadget.com)
Chinese researchers have successfully cloned a macaque monkey fetus twice, producing sister monkeys Hua Hua and Zhong Zhong using the same basic method used to create Dolly. (engadget.com)
It took 127 eggs and 79 embryos to get these results, and it still required a fetus to work (Dolly was cloned from an adult). (engadget.com)
He stayed on to earn his Ph.D. in molecular biology at Cambridge, training under the legendary geneticist John Gurdon, whose breakthroughs in the 1950s and 1960s were key to the experiments performed by Ian Wilmut, a Gurdon student who cloned Dolly the sheep in 1997. (discovermagazine.com)
Yamanaka also noted that experiments in cloning Dolly the sheep in 1996, conducted by Ian Wilmut, Angelica Schnieke, Jim McWhir, Alex Kind, and Keith Campbell at the Roslin Institute in Roslin, Scotland, influenced his work. (asu.edu)
I was the Minister responsible for science at the time of the cloning of Dolly the sheep. (parliament.uk)
Member for Norwich, North (Dr. Gibson) mentioned the number of cells that had to fail so that Dolly could eventually be cloned. (parliament.uk)
Cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), is the technique used to produce Dolly the sheep, the first animal to be produced as a genetic copy of another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
To produce Dolly, the cloned blastocyst was transferred into the womb of a recipient ewe, where it developed and when born quickly became the world's most famous lamb. (eurostemcell.org)
Twenty years have passed since Dolly the sheep was born by cloning (somatic cell nuclear transfer, SCNT) but the results of non-human mammalian cloning are very poor, and cause animal diseases and huge biological losses. (sibi.org)
Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1996. (thetablet.org)
The cloning of 'Dolly The Sheep' in 1996 by the Rosalind Institute in Scotland, UK, is the most recognised example of reproductive cloning. (geminigenetics.com)

In vitro fertilization (IVF) involves combining an egg and sperm within a laboratory setting to create an embryo. (ivf.net)
The Los Angeles Times has waded in to the junk biology game, assuring us that no embryos are threatened in human cloning-WHEN THE WHOLE POINT OF HUMAN CLONING IS TO CREATE AN EMBRYO! (nationalrighttolifenews.org)

For example, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis ("PGD") has grown to be a common service at fertility clinics, allowing couples undergoing in vitro fertilization to test multiple embryos for genetic disorders before deciding which one to implant. (nyu.edu)
Today, this technique continues to form the foundation for research on mammalian embryos, including technologies such as transgenic engineering, embryonic stem cell therapy, human in vitro fertilization, mammalian cloning, and knockout engineering. (avma.org)
The stem cells in storage at Hwang's laboratories at the university were all derived from the fertility clinic MizMedi's blastocysts, which were generated by in vitro fertilization . (blogspot.com)
While the Catholic Church has maintained opposition to in vitro fertilization and experimentation on the developing human fetus, what limits should be placed on science and how to enforce them have been debated since culturing humans in labs became possible in the 1970s. (thetablet.org)
Preimplantation biopsy of blastocysts obtained by in vitro fertilization is an invasive technique. (medscape.com)

Wood entered the arena of stem cell research shortly after the first published study of nuclear transfer stem cells (NTSC), also known as human therapeutic cloning, was withdrawn when the principal author's claims were called into question due to falsified data and ethical deviation from scientific research standards. (wikipedia.org)
5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
If biotech scientists have the ability to manipulate the genes of an embryo or gamete cell for non-therapeutic purposes, it could be argued that these genetically modified cells are in fact patentable "inventions," given that the material was not, in that particular sequence, naturally occurring. (nyu.edu)
In therapeutic cloning, the blastocyst is not transferred to a womb. (eurostemcell.org)
Another long-term hope for therapeutic cloning is that it could be used to generate cells that are genetically identical to a patient. (eurostemcell.org)
To date, no human embryonic stem cell lines have been derived using therapeutic cloning, so both these possibilities remain very much in the future. (eurostemcell.org)
The use of the pluripotent and/or self-renewing qualities of stem cells is believed to have therapeutic benefits for the regeneration of tissue in humans. (citizendium.org)
Human embryos fertilized in the ordinary manner and harvested in the blastocyst stage have been used as an extensive source of stem cells for research purposes, and have been shown to possess therapeutic value in laboratory animals. (citizendium.org)
(4) In particular, though, this threat can come from the manipulation of embryos left over from IVF, as a result of the freezing and thawing processes to which they are subjected for possible subsequent use for reproductive or experimental purposes, or even for intended therapeutic ends. (bioethicsobservatory.org)
Finally, this threat also extends to embryos produced by cloning and parthenogenesis , which can then be used for presumably therapeutic and, in particular, experimental ends, mainly to obtain embryonic cell lines that can then be used for biomedical experiments, leading to the inevitable destruction of the embryos created. (bioethicsobservatory.org)
The results obtained are fundamentally important not only for understanding the development of the pathological process in α-synucleinopathies, but which is more important, for the development of new therapeutic approaches that will stop the extension of the human α-synuclein aggregation pathology throughout the nervous system, and the validation of these approaches in preclinical trials. (eco-vector.com)
Note that each and every individual "loophole" discussed below that permits human cloning by default (and most bills have literally dozens of such loopholes) thus permits it for both "therapeutic" and for "reproductive" human cloning. (lifeissues.net)
In particular, the induction of stem cells to differentiate into muscle cells (myocytes) is useful for muscle transplantation and therapeutic purposes, as well as providing potential human disease models in culture (e.g. for testing pharmaceuticals). (justia.com)
Therapeutic cloning refers to the production of embryonic stem cells for medicinal reasons, for example regenerative medicine and tissue replacement. (geminigenetics.com)
Therapeutic cloning involves the creation of an early-stage embryo (blastocyst) and the removal of stem cells from the developing embryo. (geminigenetics.com)

Furthermore, they specifically proposed hESC research should steer away from attempting to produce viable offspring, focusing efforts on the use of cloned embryos as a viable source for deriving stem cell lines instead. (wikipedia.org)
The five cloned embryos were later destroyed, In January 2008, Wood and Andrew French, Stemagen's chief scientific officer in California, announced that they had successfully created the first five mature human embryos using DNA from adult skin cells, aiming to provide a less-controversial source of viable embryonic stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring. (wikiquote.org)
More than 100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone. (wikiquote.org)
Given that we have an efficiency of 1% cloning for livestock species and if only one in a thousand cells are viable then around 100,000 cells would need to be transferred. (wikiquote.org)
It would have been much better if the Government had accepted the recommendations made by the House of Lords Science and Technology Committee as long ago as March 1997, and reiterated in 1998, after this Government had come to power that the definition of the word "embryo" should be amended to include any method that resulted in an embryo that was viable and likely to develop into a human being. (parliament.uk)
Similar to embryonic stem cells (ESCs), hpSCs are pluripotent cells that can be reproduced into any type of cell within the human body without using or destroying the viable human embryos. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
The efﬁciency of cloning, deﬁned as the proportion of transferred embryos that result in viable offspring, is approximately 2 to 3% for all species. (sibi.org)
While eggs chemically triggered to develop don't have what it takes to make a viable embryo, it's a different story if the egg has been given the chromosomes of a cell from a more mature organism, through the technique of somatic-cell nuclear transfer used in cloning. (chemistryworld.com)

Based on meticulous mammalian study review, the researchers concluded that the rigorous procedures developed for mammalian reproduction held promise for practical application in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line production. (wikipedia.org)
The early mammalian embryo consists of the extra-embryonic cell layers-the trophoblast and a body of cells called the inner cell mass (ICM), which eventually become the embryo proper. (thefutureofthings.com)
For his doctoral thesis, Dr. Brinster developed the first reliable in vitro culture system for early mammalian embryos. (avma.org)
I believe that the reprogramming errors are not the only cause of these low rates of cloning: the mammalian SCNT fails with a very high frequency mainly due to the damage that the technique itself inflicts in the egg and the somatic nucleus, and the very few successful cases occur only when the damage is not significant. (sibi.org)
Although the genome-wide DNA demethylation is believed to be a hallmark of mammalian embryogenesis, previous study also indicated that the somatic form of dnmt1 ( dnmt1s ) is actually expressed at each stage of pre-implantation embryos and plays a role in the maintenance of DNA imprinting 8 . (nature.com)

Dr. Wood and a colleague donated skin cells and the DNA from those cells was transferred into human eggs. (wikipedia.org)
Claims that you could clone individual treatments of human beings to treat common diseases like diabetes, suggests you need a huge supply of human eggs. (wikiquote.org)
Even if you don't have a religious view of the sanctity of life, you have to ask is there going to be a massive trade in human eggs from poor women to rich countries. (wikiquote.org)
This week's New Scientist says that creating the embryos that ACT Advanced Cell Technology was working on involved the use of 71 eggs donated by seven volunteers and three failed rounds of experiments before the first cloned embryo was generated. (parliament.uk)
Advances in the biotechnology industry have increased scientists' understanding of the human genome and enhanced their ability to genetically modify eggs, sperm, and human embryos. (nyu.edu)
A trick that persuades human eggs to divide as if they have been fertilised could provide a source of embryonic stem cells that sidesteps ethical objections to existing techniques. (newscientist.com)
The tricked eggs divide for four or five days until they reach 50 to 100 cells - the blastocyst stage. (newscientist.com)
It's the spark of life," says Swann, who has previously showed that the human version of the protein can trigger mouse eggs to develop into blastocysts. (newscientist.com)
Human eggs contain two sets of chromosomes, one of which is normally jettisoned within two hours of fertilisation. (newscientist.com)
The embryos appear to undergo the same changes as naturally fertilised eggs, producing waves of calcium ions across the cell every 20 to 30 minutes. (newscientist.com)
In 2003, a team led by David Wininger, now at Wake Forest School of Medicine in North Carolina, grew parthenogenetic human blastocysts by stimulating eggs chemically ( New Scientist print edition, 26 April 2003). (newscientist.com)
Using this method of embryo manipulation, he next worked out many aspects of the metabolism and development of eggs and early embryos. (avma.org)
But their chief objection - that obtaining stem cells requires killing a human being - is about to become moot, as researchers have discovered that human adult stem cells can be differentiated into neural tissue in chicken eggs . (blogspot.com)
Situated in California, US, the new facility is located close to fertility clinics that provide donated human eggs to ISCO. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
Unfertilised human eggs are used to produce parthenogenic stem cells (hpSC) that have the ability to be immune-matched with millions of patients. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
The article discusses research 1 demonstrating that parthenogenesis can be induced in human eggs by a simple chemical stimulus using the compound called calcium ionophore. (chemistryworld.com)

conversely, two blastocysts may fuse to form a single (chimeric) organism. (wikiquote.org)
In this regard, emerging technologies of chimeric human organ production via blastocyst complementation (BC) holds great promise. (frontiersin.org)
Moreover, Dr. Brinster first demonstrated that teratocarcinoma cells could combine with blastocyst cells to form adult chimeric mice, establishing the feasibility of this approach to change the genetic character of mice. (avma.org)
Standard production of mutant mice from heterozygous ES cells necessitates the generation of chimeric founder animals by introducing targeted male ES cells into diploid blastocysts. (mit.edu)

Moreover, most early-stage embryos that are produced naturally (that is, through the union of egg and sperm resulting from sexual intercourse) fail to implant and are therefore wasted or destroyed. (wikiquote.org)
Sometimes these embryos never begin dividing, perhaps because the sperm have defective PLC-zeta. (newscientist.com)
The egg is artificially stimulated to divide and behave in a similar way to an embryo fertilised by sperm. (eurostemcell.org)
Consequently, one of the most widely debated topics in the field of bioethics is to determine when human life begins , and particularly to define the biological status of the human embryo, particularly the early embryo, i.e. from impregnation of the egg by the sperm until its implantation in the maternal endometrium. (bioethicsobservatory.org)
True cloning performed by nuclear transfer from an adult and differentiated somatic cell to a previously enucleated egg (somatic cell nuclear transfer, SCNT), gives rise to a new cell, the nuclovulo (nucleus+ovum), distinct from the zygote because the sperm is not involved in its creation, while both can develop as embryos and give rise to offspring. (sibi.org)
The resulting embryos, lacking the genes from sperm that promote full development, can't grow beyond the blastocyst stage that they reach in a few days. (chemistryworld.com)

In 2008, he became the first man to clone himself, donating his own DNA via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) to produce mature human embryos that were his clones. (wikipedia.org)
Wood and five other researchers published their findings in the online research journal Stem Cells in an article entitled Development of Human cloned Blastocyst Following Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) with Adult Fibroblasts. (wikipedia.org)
Once the SCNT is done, the cloning is over. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
Most embryos…formed one or two pronuclei at the time of removal from TSA, whereas a slightly higher portion of embryos cleaved…suggesting that some SCNT embryos did not exhibit visible pronuclei at the time of examination… Most cleaved embryos developed to the eight-cell stage…but few progressed to compact morula…and blastocyst. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
Activation of embryonic genes and transcription from the transplanted somatic cell nucleus are required for development of SCNT embryos beyond the eight-cell stage…Therefore, these results are consistent with the premise that our modified SCNT protocol supports reprogramming of human somatic cells to the embryonic state. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
Repeat after me: Human SCNT creates a human embryo through asexual means. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
The cloning is completed when the SCNT is accomplished. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
The second position is that of those who believe that the human zygote obtained by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) (cloning) is a different biological entity to the zygote obtained naturally (see our ethical assessment HERE ). (bioethicsobservatory.org)

The National Institutes of Health defines a human embryo as "the developing organism from the time of fertilization until the end of the eighth week of gestation. (archstl.org)
A clone is an organism that is a genetic copy of an existing one. (who.int)
A cloned embryo-like a natural embryo-is an individual organism, a member of its (in this case, human) species. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
The proper definition of cloning is the reproduction of a replicate organism without fertilization or fusion of gonad cells. (payforessay.net)
This is the most known form of cloning and involves creating a genetically identical replica of a whole organism. (geminigenetics.com)
The process of reproductive cloning involves the nucleus of a somatic (body) cell from a donor organism to be cloned being transferred into an egg cell whose nucleus (genetic material) has been removed. (geminigenetics.com)

In conventional gene-targeting methods, mutant mice are gen-erated by introducing mutations first through fhomologous recom-bination in mouse ES cells, which are then injected into wild-type mouse blastocysts (E3.5). (mit.edu)
The aim of the study was to create a genetically modified clone of mouse stem cells with a conditional knockout of humanized α-synuclein, which can be used for the reinjection into mouse blastocysts, as well as for basic and applied in vitro research in the field of pathophysiology and neuropharmacology. (eco-vector.com)

The five cloned embryos, created in Stemagen Corporation lab in La Jolla, were later destroyed. (wikipedia.org)
cloning" [6] , a reference the claim of Clonaid that it had produced five cloned human infants. (citizendium.org)

2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
This produces either heterozygous human parthenogenetic stem cell lines that can be precisely HLA-matched or stem cell lines histocompatible with the oocyte donors or HLA homozygous hPSC that are histocompatible with the major segments of human population. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
In 1-cell and 2-cell embryos Dnmt1s is derived from the oocyte, whereas from the 2-cell stage onward the embryo starts to synthesize its own Dnmt1s 8 . (nature.com)

However, it also affects embryos created by in vitro fertilisation, which are manipulated or even disposed off when techniques such as pre-implantation genetic diagnosis - PGD are used to select healthy embryos and their subsequent gestation, to select children in parents with hereditary or genetic diseases, or to create embryos and later children in order to use their haematopoietic material to treat a sibling with a hereditary or genetic condition. (bioethicsobservatory.org)
Embryo series Gestation was dated with the detection of the genital plug (as E0.5). (techuniq.com)
The surrogate mum carries the cloned pet for the gestation period and once ready, gives birth to the clone who will be an identical genetic twin to the original pet whose skin sample was used to make the nucleus of the donor egg cell. (geminigenetics.com)

In 2008, Wood created embryo copies of himself by placing his skin cells in a woman's egg, marking the first time anyone had done so with adult skin cells. (wikipedia.org)
Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)
It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
In August of 2003, Australia passed legislation that ensures consumers have the right to know when human embryos, human embryonic stem cells or materials derived from embryos or stem cells are used in the manufacture or testing of pharmaceuticals. (consciencelaws.org)
For instance, he wonders-just an intellectual puzzle, he assures me, that he would never want to do-What would happen if scientists injected human stem cells into a monkey embryo? (discovermagazine.com)
Nearly all the cells in the stalled embryo had turned into brain cells, simply because a single protein had been stopped. (discovermagazine.com)
The best survival-developmental rates after cryopreservation of human ES cells. (ivf.net)
The most efficient method for cryopreservation of human embryonic stem cells. (ivf.net)
The ICM continues to differentiate into three germ layers-ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, each of which follows a specific developmental destiny that takes them along an ever-specifying path at which end the daughter cells will make up the different organs of the human body. (thefutureofthings.com)
In rodents, and even in some preliminary trials in humans, human embryonic stem cells have been shown to bridge gaps in spinal cord injuries , allowing restoration of motor functions. (thefutureofthings.com)
Yamanaka worked to find new ways to acquire embryonic stem cells to avoid the social and ethical controversies surrounding the use of human embryos in stem cell research during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. (asu.edu)
None of the few cells that were produced reached anywhere near blastocyst stage a mass of about 100 cells. (parliament.uk)
Scientifically interesting though it was, this week's announcement does not take us anywhere near the possibility of using even stem cells for research purposes let alone for human cloning. (parliament.uk)
These blastocysts should in theory yield stem cells, but because they are parthenogenetic - produced from the egg only - they cannot be viewed as a potential human life, says Karl Swann of the University of Wales College of Medicine in Cardiff, UK. (newscientist.com)
Swann hopes to be the first to harvest embryonic stem cells from human parthenogenetic blastocysts, but other scientists are trying different approaches. (newscientist.com)
A similar approach has yielded stem cells from parthenogenetic monkey blastocysts ( New Scientist print edition, 6 October 2001). (newscientist.com)
Scientists have used cloning technology to transform human skin cells into embryonic stem cells, an experiment that may revive the controversy over human cloning. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
But they showed, for the first time, that it is possible to create cloned embryonic stem cells that are genetically identical to the person from whom they are derived. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
The cloning breakthrough is instead being spun as skin cells into stem cells! (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
US researchers have reported a breakthrough in stem cell research, describing how they have turned human skin cells into embryonic stem cells for the first time. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
The team at OHSU [Oregon Health and Science University], which disclosed its work in a paper published online by Cell, created embryonic stem cells by replacing the nucleus in an unfertilized human egg with the nucleus from a skin cell, then harvesting the resulting stem cells. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology. (frontiersin.org)
From there, Dr. Brinster became interested in modifying the development of animals and their germ lines, and he went on to become the first person to show that it was possible to colonize a mouse blastocyst with stem cells from older embryos. (avma.org)
After many divisions in culture, this single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with almost identical DNA to the original donor who provided the adult cell - a genetic clone. (eurostemcell.org)
Instead, embryonic stem cells are isolated from the cloned blastocyst. (eurostemcell.org)
The problem is that stem cells are currently sourced from human embryos, either from aborted fetuses (as in this case), or from blastocysts created by artificial insemination and grown in vitro specifically for the purpose. (blogspot.com)
In English, this means no need for abortions or embryonic cloning, as the cells can be sourced from the patient's own bone marrow (eliminating rejection problems into the bargain). (blogspot.com)
By all means, we should use human adult stem cells. (blogspot.com)
But stem cells from embryos/blastocycts either aborted or cultured are IMO unethical to use. (blogspot.com)
A) shows human embryonic stem cells. (citizendium.org)
Totipotent cells have the capacity to differentiate to all cell types, including somatic cells, germ cells, and certain cells that exist outside the embryo and are important to fetal development that are termed extraembryonic cells. (citizendium.org)
Such tissue renewal may be accomplished via the use of adult stem cells, or embryonic stem cells, which may be derived from a human embryo in the blastocyst stage. (citizendium.org)
The use of embryonic stem cells has been a source of considerable controversy due to its sacrifice of human embryos in the blastocyst stage, which some people view as the destruction of human life . (citizendium.org)
Furthermore, the use of diphtheria toxin -- which is far more toxic to human cells than mouse cells -- to destroy the human neurons in the mice reversed the observed improvements in motor function. (citizendium.org)
This result suggests that the observed increase in motor function was indeed produced by neurons derived from the human embryonic stem cells. (citizendium.org)
Cross-species transplantation was possible without the rejection of the human embryonic stem cells by the mice's immune systems because the mice were genetically modified to suppress certain immune responses that would have interfered with transplantation. (citizendium.org)
Properly controlled, adequately sized studies have yet to demonstrate that human embryonic stem cells have medical value in humans. (citizendium.org)
The most infamous study of embryonic stem cells asserted that cloned human embryos had been created via somatic cell nuclear transfer, and stem cells had been generated from these embryos. (citizendium.org)
Ethical objections to the use of human embryonic stem cells revolve around the destruction of human embryos in the blastocyst stage to obtain the stem cells. (citizendium.org)
Flow cytometric analysis of PE Mouse Anti-Human TRA-1-60 on H9 cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
H9 human embryonic stem (ES) cells were harvested with Accutase™ and stained with either PE Mouse Anti-Human TRA-1-60 (solid line) or PE mouse IgM (G155-228) isotype control (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
As human EC and ES cells undergo differentiation, expression of TRA-1-60 antigen is lost. (bdbiosciences.com)
The stem cell facility will produce human parthenogenic stem cells (hpSCs) that are derived from parthenogenetically induced human oocytes. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
The new International Stem Cell Corporation (ISCO) facility will produce human parthenogenic stem cells (hPSCs). (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
The HLA genotypes of stem cells obtained from such oocytes are heterozygous and are genetically cloned to the donors. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
The first position is that of those who consider that the human embryo, in its first days of life, is a cell cluster with no biological structure, i.e. an unorganised cluster of cells and, accordingly, with no biological or ontological value. (bioethicsobservatory.org)
In other words, this law accepts the obsolete theory that identifies the human embryo as a cluster of cells. (bioethicsobservatory.org)
The reason for this is that the cells within a blastocyst are not yet differentiated. (payforessay.net)
Strong contributions by ES cells to the germline can cause a female blastocyst to develop into a phenotypically male chimera. (mit.edu)
To create mouse stem cells with a conditional knockout of the humanized Snca gene, a previously obtained clone with the first Snca exon flanked by LoxP sites, was used. (eco-vector.com)
An approach to obtaining clones of mouse genetically modified stem cells expressing pathological humanized α-synuclein, has been proposed and implemented. (eco-vector.com)
As a result of the study, a strategy for CRISPR/Cas9-assisted homologous recombination in the genome of mouse embryonic stem cells has been developed to create a fully humanized Snca gene encoding α-synuclein, and the clone genome of mouse embryonic stem cells has been edited using a CRISPR technology. (eco-vector.com)
in brief the prospective create was cloned linearized and electroporated FMK into 129Sv/J Sera cells. (techuniq.com)
Targeted Sera cells were injected into C57Bl/6J blastocysts. (techuniq.com)
These cells, taken from days' old embryos called blastocysts, have the ability to form any tissue in the body. (harvard.edu)
But that's far enough to produce embryonic stem cells that can be harvested for research and medicine - without the ethical quandaries presented by taking stem cells from human embryos discarded in IVF. (chemistryworld.com)
Up to 14 days a human blastocyst - the earliest stage of fetal development - consists almost entirely of pluripotent cells, which are those that could develop into the constitutive elements of any organ in the human body. (thetablet.org)
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the embryo and are pluripotent, thus possessing the capability of developing into any organ, cell type or tissue type. (justia.com)
Numerous biological components, including genes, cells, tissues, and even complete creatures like sheep, have been cloned by researchers, and now cat, dog and equine cloning is widely and reliably available via international companies such as our partner, ViaGen Pets & Equine. (geminigenetics.com)
Without this, the patient cells lost in PD could be replaced by grafted community is left trying to interpret complex scien- immature human dopaminergic neurons [3, 5]. (lu.se)

Much intensive research on this technology began, and in the year 1996, the first clone of a sheep was done. (payforessay.net)

1. Cloning is an umbrella term traditionally used by scientists to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. (who.int)
As such, monkey cloning may be limited to medical research, where having more than one monkey with the same genes could help scientists compare the results of treatments or test under specific conditions. (engadget.com)
These scientists destroyed the embryos and derived stem cell lines. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
The method described on Wednesday by Oregon State University scientists in the journal Cell, would not likely be able to create human clones, said Shoukhrat Mitalipov, senior scientist at the Oregon National Primate Research Center. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
Therefore, the issue of cloning is still under serious debate by scientists, professionals and even within academic institutions as well as politics. (payforessay.net)
This was how Chinese scientists in Shanghai recently managed to clone macaque monkeys 3 - the first cloning of primates. (chemistryworld.com)

A linkurl:report;http://stemcells.alphamedpress.org/cgi/reprint/2007-0252v1.pdf published online today that researchers have cloned human embryos is not that much of an advance, according to one stem cell expert, Douglas Melton, at Harvard University. (the-scientist.com)
The researchers stopped well short of creating a human clone. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
To overcome this significant crisis, researchers are investigating various approaches involving direct xenotransplantation, organoids, decellularization, and recellularization, and more recently, organ bioengineering using blastocyst complementation (BC). (frontiersin.org)
After nuclear transfer, the researchers used a chemical stimulus to trigger growth of the embryos that developed to full term and produced live births. (chemistryworld.com)

In a meeting in Washington (3 December 2001) the researcher Tanja Dominko presented the results of monkey cloning (Macacus rhesus) when she worked at the Regional Center of Research in Primates of Beaverton, Oregon (USA). (sibi.org)
Here we report genome-wide composition, patterning, and stage-specific dynamics of DNA methylation in pre-implantation rhesus monkey embryos as well as male and female gametes studied using an optimized tagmentation-based whole-genome bisulfite sequencing method. (nature.com)
We therefore decided to investigate comprehensively the global and high-resolution DNA methylation dynamics during early development of a non-human primate (rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta ). (nature.com)
Recent experimentation that has cultured lab-grown monkey embryos for up to 20 days and the possibility of creating human-monkey chimeras - beings that contain genetic codes from two different species - has further pushed the envelope on embryonic stem cell research. (thetablet.org)

Every gene in the human body is encoded as deoxyribonucleic acid ("DNA"), and Myriad Genetics confronted the issue of whether a naturally occurring segment of DNA was eligible for patent. (nyu.edu)
This has even been given its own unique name, "clonote", with a value less than the zygote obtained by the fusion of human gametes, whether naturally or using human assisted reproduction techniques. (bioethicsobservatory.org)
The third position is that of those who consider that the single-cell, polarised, asymmetrical human embryo, the zygote, obtained naturally or artificially, is a living being of our species, bearer therefore of the dignity that all human beings intrinsically possess, and consequently worthy of being treated in accordance with that dignity. (bioethicsobservatory.org)
There are also naturally occurring clones among animal populations. (geminigenetics.com)
As well as their distinctive white markings and long curved horns, these cattle are special because they are now considered a herd of naturally occurring clones. (geminigenetics.com)

Fertilization then occurs leading to the development of a blastocyst which then develops into an embryonic cell. (payforessay.net)
The law specifies, "No person shall knowingly … maintain an embryo outside the body of a female person after the 14th day of its development following fertilization or creation, excluding any time during which its development has been suspended. (thetablet.org)

Elaboration of an international convention against reproductive cloning of human beings has been under consideration in the United Nations since December 2001 when the subject was included in the agenda of the fifty- sixth session as a supplementary agenda item at the request of France and Germany. (who.int)
The use of the technique of nuclear transfer for reproduction of human beings is surrounded by strong ethical concerns and controversies and is considered a threat to human dignity. (who.int)
2. Over the years, the international community has tried without success to build a consensus on an international convention against the reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Creating awareness among ministries of health in the African Region will provide them with critical and relevant information on the reproductive cloning of human beings and its implications to the health status of the general population. (who.int)
7. The WHO Regional Committee for Africa is invited to review this document for information and guidance concerning reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)
The policy adopted by the Farm Bureau members at its last annual meeting reads as follows: "We are opposed to the cloning of human beings. (visionamerica.us)
Soon after, there were many hullabaloos about the possibility of cloning other animals with human beings included. (payforessay.net)
All human beings, as well as other living organisms, have a unique genetic makeup. (payforessay.net)

A blastocyst (cloned or not), because it lacks any trace of a nervous system, has no capacity for suffering or conscious experience in any form - the special properties that, in our view, spell the difference between biological tissue and a human life worthy of respect and rights. (wikiquote.org)
b) Any new prescription or non-prescription drug or medical treatment that will use human fetal or embryonic tissue, cell lines, DNA or components from procured abortion or in-vitro fertilized embryos that have been donated or otherwise produced or reproduced in research. (consciencelaws.org)
e) Any person or patient who is the recipient of a prescription or non-prescription drug, vaccination or medical procedure that would involve the use of human fetal or embryonic tissue, cell lines, DNA or components from procured abortion or in-vitro fertilized embryos that have been donated or otherwise produced or reproduced sexually or asexually in research. (consciencelaws.org)
On closer inspection, Hemmati-Brivanlou realized that the lack of activin had stopped the development of the mesoderm, a layer of tissue in an embryo that eventually develops into muscle, bone, and connective tissue. (discovermagazine.com)

Whether or not you mind cloning based on fetuses, the process currently requires many failures to get to the intended results. (engadget.com)
The church's opposition to all forms of lab-made human fetuses should not mean that there is no Catholic voice on this developing science, Father Allore said. (thetablet.org)

Male and female mice derived from the same embryonic stem cell clone by tetraploid embryo complementation. (mit.edu)

Furthermore, they found successful implantation rates were significantly higher for surrogates in both fresh and frozen embryo transfers. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, surrogates showed a significantly higher pregnancy rate following frozen embryo transfers than their non-surrogate counterparts. (wikipedia.org)
There are currently more than 200,000 frozen embryos in Spain and 1.5 million worldwide, not to mention the high loss of embryos entailed in the use of IVF. (bioethicsobservatory.org)
I have to wonder what makes a frozen embryo - one that is going to be destroyed anyway - more important than the lives of my brother and his family. (thetalkingdog.com)
Embryologist Ric Ross removes a vial of frozen embryos from a storage tank at the Smotrich IVF Clinic in La Jolla, Calif., in this 2007 file photo. (thetablet.org)

Park Se-pill, head of Seoul-based fertility clinic Maria Biotech, said the tests can silence Hwang's critics who have suggested the dog might be a twin created from a split embryo rather than a clone. (blogspot.com)

On May 26, the International Society for Stem Cell Research said it was relaxing the 14-day rule, which prohibited experiments on human embryos past 14 days of development in the lab. (thetablet.org)

Thus, the clone would be genetically identical to the nucleus donor only if the egg came from the same donor or from her maternal line. (who.int)
Beyond this scientific interest, the commercial concern in animal cloning focuses on replicating large numbers of genetically identical animals, especially those derived from a progenitor that has been modified genetically. (who.int)
In biology , cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria , insects or plants reproduce asexually . (wikiquote.org)
The word "cloning" refers to a variety of procedures that may be used to create biological copies that are genetically identical to the original. (geminigenetics.com)
Asexual reproduction is a natural method used by certain plants, bacteria, and single-celled creatures to create genetically identical offspring, i.e. clones. (geminigenetics.com)
The resulting embryo is then implanted into a surrogate mother, resulting in the birth of an animal genetically identical to the body cell donor. (geminigenetics.com)
Pet cloning is the process where a genetically identical twin is created of your original animal companion. (geminigenetics.com)

In mouse, a unidirectional demethylation process from the zygote stage to blastocyst stage is observed using either reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) or single-base resolution whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) method. (nature.com)

The scientist had analyzed almost 300 embryos produced in three years, and although several seemed healthy, they all resulted inviable. (sibi.org)

General Assembly the following year,3 and the World Medical Association's Resolution on Cloning, endorsed in 1997, have confronted the issue but lack binding legal force. (who.int)

An embryo in its first days of development is no bigger than a period at the end of a sentence, Father Pacholczyk often points out. (archstl.org)
It is not clear if the embryos produced would have been capable of further development, but Dr. Wood stated that if that were possible, using the technology for reproductive cloning would be both unethical and illegal. (wikipedia.org)
The team managed the feat by injecting both a form of mRNA and an inhibitor, the combination of which improved the development of blastocysts (the structures that form the embryo) and the pregnancy rate for transplanted embryos. (engadget.com)
Recording and contextualizing the science of embryos, development, and reproduction. (asu.edu)
However, supporters of embryonic stem cell research frequently contend that even the comparison to abortion is inappropriate, since while a several month old fetus might have sufficient neurological development to be conscious in some meaningful sense, a human embryo in the blastocyst stage has so little development that one can safely conclude that it cannot exist as a conscious being. (citizendium.org)
If the targeted ES cell clone contributes to the development of the fetus, the pups produced will be chimeras, exhibiting patches of coat color from the host embryo and patches from the injected ES clone. (mit.edu)
Monkeys have served as one of the most valuable models for understanding DNA methylation dynamics during early embryogenesis in human due to their similarities in genetics and early embryonic development 17 , 18 . (nature.com)
Furthermore, due to ethical and legal concerns, very limited techniques can be applied to human embryos to validate some of significant conclusions drawn from descriptive studies regarding human embryonic development. (nature.com)

Some prohibit only cloning for reproductive purposes and allow the creation of cloned human embryos for research, whereas others prohibit the creation of cloned embryos for any purpose. (who.int)
In response to the Donaldson report last August, the Government signalled their intention to make explicit what they thought was implicit in the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 that human cloning for reproductive purposes was banned. (parliament.uk)

WHA50.37 of 1997 argues that human cloning is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)

Harvard President Lawrence H. Summers said Harvard is one of the few institutions that have the ability to step into the gap left by the federal government's decision to ban federal funding of research on human embryonic stem cell lines created after Aug. 9, 2001. (harvard.edu)

That's why Father Pacholczyk, director of education at the National Catholic Bioethics Center in Philadelphia, said that the efforts to help people understand the immorality of embryo reserch, including human cloning, must focus on humanizing the issue and appreciating our own embryonic origins, not just on the desired results of embryonic or other types of stem-cell research. (archstl.org)
A decade later, cloning came to the forefront in Missouri with the narrow passage of Amendment 2, a ballot initiative in 2006 that constitutionally protects embryonic stem-cell research and human cloning. (archstl.org)
The Catholic Church has always held that stem-cell research and therapies are morally acceptable, as long as they don't involve the creation and destruction of human embryos. (archstl.org)
So when I was recently contacted by an earnest and amiable member of a local school board who was concerned about the questionable manner in which the issue of "stem cell" research - both human embryonic and adult - was presented to the high school students in his district in a currently-used science textbook, I agreed to evaluate that section in the text for him. (lifeissues.net)
In my opinion there is no question but that the scientific information on stem cell research included in this science text book being used in Illinois schools incorporates some inaccurate scientific facts, and seems to be very partial to the use of human embryonic "stem cell" research. (lifeissues.net)
Depicts a single human stem cell embedded within a porous hydrogel matrix (false colour). (progress.org.uk)
But it is an important step in research because it doesn't require the use of embryos in creating the type of stem cell capable of transforming into any other type of cell in the body. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
What is cloning, and what does it have to do with stem cell research? (eurostemcell.org)
This form of cloning is unrelated to stem cell research. (eurostemcell.org)
After sixteen weeks, the injured mice who received human stem cell injections experienced a significant improvement in the motor functions that had been impaired by their injuries. (citizendium.org)
The facility will produce different cell types using the company's patented human parthenogenic stem cell (hpSC) technology, known as parthenogenesis. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
second type of cell, the human embryonic stem cell. (harvard.edu)
TORONTO (CNS) - The international scientific body governing stem cell research is abandoning the absolute 14-day limit on culturing human embryos in the laboratory, putting pressure on Canada's law prohibiting the practice. (thetablet.org)
Human embryonic stem cell research began in the 1990s. (thetablet.org)
Many of these accurate definitions can also be used in bills and treaties concerning related issues, e.g., human embryonic stem cell research, human genetic engineering, abortion, the use of abortifacients, conscience clauses, IVF and other artificial reproductive technology research and regulation, etc. (lifeissues.net)
In this article, we first provide a short history of cell therapy in Parkinson's disease and briefly describe the current state-of-art regarding human stem cell-derived dopamine neurons for use in any patient trial. (lu.se)

Most natural cloning occurs in those species that produce their descendants asexually, that is, without combining the male and female genetic material. (who.int)
In theory, this makes human cloning more realistic given the genetic similarities between monkeys and our own species. (engadget.com)
However, in cattle, average cloning efﬁciency is higher than in other species, ranging from 5 to 20% [10 -15]. (sibi.org)
Among the factors thought to contribute to the greater success in cloning cattle are the relatively late embryonic genome activation speciﬁc for this species [16 -18] and the optimization of reproductive technologies, such as in vitro embryo production and embryo transfer, brought about by the cattle industry [19]. (sibi.org)
The Boston Herald could not resist suggesting (without cause) that Loeb's process 'may apply to human species', adding that thereby the 'Immaculate Conception [is] explained. (chemistryworld.com)

Most of the current technologies that closely resemble actual genetic selection focus on testing the embryo or fetus to screen for several undesirable physiological genetic characteristics. (nyu.edu)

However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)
The fact remains, however, that the Government's view last year was that the 1990 Act extended to embryos created by cell nuclear replacement. (parliament.uk)

[10] While one can consequently interpret Myriad in a way that limits the scope of the Act, it leaves open the question of the patentability of modified human gametes and embryos and the altered or synthetic gene sequencing which could potentially be encompassed within those gametes and embryos. (nyu.edu)

This could eliminate one of the main sources of ethical controversy in this research," says Bob Lanza, head of research at the cloning company Advanced Cell Technology in Worcester, Massachusetts. (newscientist.com)
We are opposed to the creation and use of human embryos or blastocysts for research purposes in which they are destroyed, discarded or knowingly subjected to risk of injury or death. (visionamerica.us)
Our members have great concern with the creation of human embryos that may then be destroyed in the name of science and research as allowed by Amendment #2. (visionamerica.us)
This research has shown promise treating human illnesses and is allowed by state and federal laws. (visionamerica.us)
Genetically modified mice are used extensively in research for understanding gene function and modeling human disease. (mit.edu)
The "pros" and "cons" of human cloning research have already been dealt with at length in the literature, so they will not be reviewed here. (lifeissues.net)
Rather, after having published analyses of dozens of state, national, federal and international legislative attempts to ban human cloning research, I simply wish to offer seriously considered suggestions for the use of scientifically accurate language and definitions to be used in such endeavors in order to prevent loopholes which would result in much human cloning not being really banned. (lifeissues.net)

Father Pacholczyk, who is teaching a course on bioethics and life issues at Kenrick-Glennon Seminary this semester, said it is very easy to depersonalize humans when they are in the earliest stages of life. (archstl.org)
Irrespective of this, though, this need to define when human life begins (see our article is also due to the fact that during the early stages of human life - approximately during its first 14 days - this young embryo is subject to extensive and diverse threats that, in many cases, lead to its destruction. (bioethicsobservatory.org)

This technique is surrounded by strong ethical concerns and is considered a threat to human dignity. (who.int)
This should remove the ethical objections that some people have to harvesting from donated human embryos. (newscientist.com)
As the technology uses un-fertilised oocytes, it eradicates the ethical issues arising from the use of human embryos. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
A critical point in the current bioethical debate is, therefore, to establish the biological nature of the human embryo, because of the ethical classification that its manipulation merits will depend on the category to which it is attributed. (bioethicsobservatory.org)

Takahashi and Yamanaka also experimented with human cell cultures in 2007. (asu.edu)
One such thing is human reproductive cloning and, in particular, the implantation of a cell into a woman. (parliament.uk)
HumanPass Wednesday confirmed fingerprinting traces of Snuppy, Hwang's canine clone, matched those of its somatic cell donor, an Afghan hound named Tai, while they demonstrated disparate mitochondrial genotypes. (blogspot.com)
The developed cell clone can serve to create a line of genetically modified mice that serve as a test system for pathophysiological and neuropharmacological studies associated with synucleinopathies. (eco-vector.com)
An electrical impulse is then applied to the egg cell to stimulate it to become an embryo. (geminigenetics.com)

Marguerite Brickman has a B.A. in genetics from Columbia College, and a Ph.D. in genetics (not specifically "human genetics"), also from the University of California at Berkeley. (lifeissues.net)
In nature, things get cloned and we mix genetics each time that we crossbreed animals. (parliament.uk)
Moreover, in Myriad Genetics , the Supreme Court found that an identical provision was inapplicable in a discussion on real and synthetic human genes, noting that the "Act does not even mention genes, much less isolated DNA. (nyu.edu)

The resulting clones were plated on Petri dishes for propagation and a further genetic analysis. (eco-vector.com)

He cited the work of two other groups that have also successfully produced human. (the-scientist.com)
A Korean institute Wednesday, Dec. 27, said that its DNA tests proved Prof. Hwang Woo-suk at Seoul National University (SNU) had successfully cloned a dog. (blogspot.com)

In sexual reproduction, clones are created when a fertilized egg splits to produce identical (monozygous) twins with identical genomes. (who.int)
We have been aware of cloning since time began in the sense that twins are cloned. (parliament.uk)
Humans and other mammals may produce natural clones, commonly referred to as identical twins. (geminigenetics.com)
When a fertilised egg separates into two or more embryos with almost identical DNA, these twins are created. (geminigenetics.com)

Those who oppose this practice often argue that human life begins from the moment of conception, and that, therefore, destruction of a blastocyst stage embryo is morally equivalent to abortion and infanticide . (citizendium.org)

Swann and his team used a standard chemical treatment to prevent this, so both sets in the parthenogenetic embryos come from the mother. (newscientist.com)

Molecular cloning refers to the production of multiple copies of a DNA fragment or gene. (geminigenetics.com)

Recognizing this trend, Congress passed section 33 of the America Invents Act ("AIA") [8] in 2011, resulting in, among other things, a prohibition on patents for inventions "directed to or encompassing a human organisms. (nyu.edu)

The book is separated into three chapters covering biotechnology, animal cloning and human cloning. (progress.org.uk)
Whilst it is targeted at 14-18 year olds, 'Biotechnology and Cloning' assumes a high level of knowledge on an ambitious range of hard to grasp topics, none of which are directly explained in the book. (progress.org.uk)
Buy Biotechnology and Cloning from Amazon UK . (progress.org.uk)
Developments in biotechnology have raised new concerns about animal welfare, as farm animals now have their genomes modified (genetically engineered) or copied (cloned) to propagate certain traits useful to agribusiness, such as meat yield or feed conversion. (wikiquote.org)

Anatomy52

Organisms22

Diseases13

Chemicals and Drugs33

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment58

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes70

Disciplines and Occupations7

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities10

Information Science6

Health Care1

Dolly14

Create an embryo2

Vitro fertilization5

Therapeutic15

Viable9

Mammalian5

Eggs16

Chimeric4

Sperm6

SCNT8

Organism6

Mouse blastocysts2

Five cloned2

Oocyte3

Gestation3

Cells60

19961

Scientists6

Researchers4

Monkey4

Naturally5

Fertilization2

Beings9

Tissue4

Fetuses2

Complementation1

Frozen5

Fertility1

Experiments1

Genetically identical7

Zygote1

Scientist1

Endorsed in 19971

Development8

Reproductive purposes2

19971

Embryonic stem cell1

Stem cell16

Species5

Fetus1

Nuclear2

Gametes1

Research7

Stages2

Ethical4

Cell5

Genetics3

Petri1

Successfully2

Twins4

Destruction1

Parthenogenetic1

Copies1

Organisms1

Biotechnology4