Human papillomaviruses are responsible for nearly 3000 cases of cervical cancer 1 and more than 100 000 diagnosed cases of anogenital warts 2 in the United Kingdom every year, despite a decrease in the incidence of cervical cancer as a result of regular cytological screening. (bmj.com)
Gardasil is an inactivated quadrivalent vaccine (HPV4) that protects against HPV types 16 and 18, and also against types 6 and 11, which are human papillomaviruses that cause genital warts. (immunize.org)
Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) are viruses that are quite common as they may infect skin and mucous membranes 4. (critiqueecho.com)
Cervarix3
The HPV 2-valent vaccine (Cervarix), which covered types 16 and 18, and the HPV 4-valent vaccine (Gardasil), which covered types 6, 11, 16, and 18, were discontinued in the United States in October 2016. (medscape.com)
Q: Please review the recommendations for the use of the two human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, Cervarix (GSK) and Gardasil (Merck). (immunize.org)
A: Cervarix is an inactivated bivalent vaccine (HPV2) that protects against HPV types 16 and 18. (immunize.org)
Vaccination12
In 2008, a national human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization program using a bivalent vaccine against HPV types 16 and 18 was implemented in Scotland along with a national surveillance program designed to determine the longitudinal effects of vaccination on HPV infection at the population level. (cdc.gov)
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs are established in several countries worldwide ( 1 - 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Objective To assess the cost effectiveness of routine vaccination of 12 year old schoolgirls against human papillomavirus infection in the United Kingdom. (bmj.com)
9 The announcement follows advice from the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation, which considered the cost effectiveness of different options such as vaccinating at different ages, extending vaccination to boys, and incorporating a catch-up campaign for girls older than the age for routine vaccination. (bmj.com)
We describe the cost effectiveness model used to inform decisions about human papillomavirus vaccination in the UK. (bmj.com)
Our model considers the impact of vaccination on squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, cervical cancers due to high risk human papillomavirus types not in the vaccine, non-cervical cancers, and anogenital warts. (bmj.com)
We used a transmission dynamic model to predict the burden of human papillomavirus related disease for the number of cervical screens, treatments for precancerous abnormalities of the cervix, and cases of diagnosed cancer and anogenital warts expected before and after vaccination. (bmj.com)
The current HPV vaccine recommendations apply to 9 years old and above through the age of 26 years and adults aged 27-45 years who might be at risk of new HPV infection and benefit from vaccination. (mdpi.com)
Evaluation of immune response to single dose of quadrivalent HPV vaccine at 10-year post-vaccination. (who.int)
MSD is proud to support World Immunization Week in Africa, which provides an important opportunity to raise awareness about the public health impact of vaccination,' said Dr. Soren Bo Christiansen, President of MSD's Eastern Europe, Middle East and Africa region. (critiqueecho.com)
Estimates of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in a population prior to and after HPV vaccine introduction are essential to evaluate the short-term impact of vaccination. (biomedcentral.com)
Since it will take several decades until the effects of HPV vaccines on cervical cancer incidence will be visible, monitoring of HPV prevalence and genotype distribution prior to, and after vaccine introduction is essential to evaluate the short-term impact of HPV vaccination in a population. (biomedcentral.com)
Gardasil2
The HPV 9-valent (Gardasil 9) is the only HPV vaccine available in the United States. (medscape.com)
The 9-valent HPV vaccine (Gardasil 9 [9vHPV]) is available in the United States to decrease the risk of certain cancers and precancerous lesions in males and females. (medscape.com)
Quadrivalent HPV vaccine1
It is estimated that the 9vHPV vaccine can increase prevention of cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in up to 90% of cases compared with the quadrivalent HPV vaccine. (medscape.com)
Cervical cancer2
Human papillomavirus ( HPV ) infection must be present for cervical cancer to occur. (medscape.com)
Recognition of the etiologic role of human papillomavirus ( HPV ) infection in cervical cancer has led to the recommendation of adding HPV testing to the screening regimen in women 30-65 years of age (see Workup). (medscape.com)
Efficacy2
A bivalent vaccine with the same efficacy against human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 costing £13-£21 less per dose (depending on the duration of vaccine protection) may be as cost effective as the quadrivalent vaccine although less effective as it does not prevent anogenital warts. (bmj.com)
The efficacy of vaccines and their impact on public health are no longer questioned. (critiqueecho.com)
Infection3
5 Two prophylactic vaccines against human papillomavirus (a bivalent vaccine against types 16 and 18 and a quadrivalent vaccine that also includes types 6 and 11) have been shown to be efficacious in up to five years of follow-up against types 16 and 18 cervical infection and associated disease as well as against anogenital warts. (bmj.com)
Infection with human papillomavirus increases the probability of developing carcinoma of the cervix, which is the second leading cause of cancer- related mortality in females worldwide, killing some 240 000 women per year.1 Making a correct diagnosis of a sexually transmitted infection is essential for the provision of appropriate and effective treatment. (who.int)
Cancers4
In particular, human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 are associated with 70% of cervical cancers, 3 whereas 90% of anogenital warts are linked to human papillomavirus types 6 and 11. (bmj.com)
Today, there are two vaccines against HPV:the bivalent vaccine targeting the two main oncogenes HPV types (16 and 18) and a the quadrivalent vaccine targeting HPV type 6 &11 (responsible for 90% of the cases of genital warts (1)) and HPV type 16 and 18 which cause 70% of cervical cancers, 40% to 50% of vulva cancer, 70% of vagina cancers (2) and 95% of anus cancers (3). (critiqueecho.com)
The World Immunization Week is the perfect occasion to shed light on the tremendous progress achieved in terms of immunization and to draw attention to cancers induced by viral infections such as HPV infections (uterus and vulva cancers) which can be henceforth prevented rather than cured. (critiqueecho.com)
Over 200 human papillomavirus (HPV) types, which are members of five genera ( α, β, γ, μ, v ) [ 1 , 2 ], are responsible for approximately 5% of all human cancers and substantial precancerous and benign lesions [ 3 , 4 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Routine4
a bivalent vaccine that conferred protection against HPV types 16 and 18 was offered at school to girls 12-13 years of age (routine cohort). (cdc.gov)
also demonstrated that despite low vaccine coverage, HPV 16 and 18 prevalence among girls who had received the quadrivalent vaccine in the routine and catch-up programs was reduced by 56% ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
7 8 Both vaccines have the potential to bring a decrease in the incidence of human papillomavirus related disease and are being considered for routine immunisation in many countries. (bmj.com)
In the UK the Department of Health has announced a routine human papillomavirus immunisation programme for schoolgirls aged 12 or 13, starting from September 2008, with a two year catch-up programme for girls up to 18. (bmj.com)
Females1
The bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines are approved for females and the quadrivalent vaccine is approved for males. (hiv.gov)
Genotypes4
Human papillomavirus genotyping using next generation sequencing (NGS) in cervical lesions: Genotypes by histologic grade and their relative proportion in multiple infections. (who.int)
Researchers distinguish more than 100 genotypes of papillomavirus, of which 40 may infect genitals and 13 are recognized as oncogenes 4. (critiqueecho.com)
Since 2006, two highly effective HPV vaccines have been available to prevent infections with hr-HPV genotypes 16 and 18. (biomedcentral.com)
The prevalence of hr-HPV genotypes targeted by the vaccines is expected to decline after vaccine introduction. (biomedcentral.com)
Merck1
NAIROBI, Kenya, April 24, 2014/ - MSD (Merck Sharp & Dohme ) reiterates today its support to the World Immunization Week, an annual initiative launched by World Health Organization (WHO) and its partners to celebrate and promote immunization through acts of raising awareness, education and communication. (critiqueecho.com)
Infections3
The medications used to treat human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are primarily designed to ablate the lesion by virtue of their corrosive properties. (medscape.com)
Natural History of Incident and Persistent Cutaneous Human Papillomavirus and Human Polyomavirus Infections. (who.int)
Persistent high-risk (hr) Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections are essential for development of cervical precancer and cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Ideally2
Ideally, the HPV vaccine should be administered before potential exposure to HPV through sexual contact. (immunize.org)
Ideally, HPV vaccine should be administered before an individual becomes sexually active (AIII) . (hiv.gov)
Effectiveness2
Our results preliminarily indicate herd immunity and sustained effectiveness of the bivalent vaccine on virologic outcomes at the population level. (cdc.gov)
The same cost effectiveness model was later used to inform the adjudication process between the two vaccines, which led to a decision to use the bivalent vaccine in the UK immunisation programme. (bmj.com)
Types2
6 7 In addition, the results from clinical trials suggest that both vaccines may offer partial protection against oncogenic human papillomavirus types not in the vaccine. (bmj.com)
Different human papillomavirus types share early natural history transitions in immunocompetent women. (who.int)
Dose2
Both HPV vaccines are administered in a 3-dose schedule, with the second dose administered 1 to 2 months after the first dose and the third dose 6 months after the first dose. (immunize.org)
Comparing one dose of HPV vaccine in girls aged 9-14 years in Tanzania (DoRIS) with one dose of HPV vaccine in historical cohorts: an immunobridging analysis of a randomised controlled trial. (who.int)
Prevention1
Please credit the Immunization Action Coalition and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (immunize.org)
Years2
In addition, girls 13-17 years of age (3-year catch-up cohort) were offered the vaccine from September 2008 through August 2011. (cdc.gov)
59 163) per QALY gained, if the average duration of protection from the vaccine is more than 10 years. (bmj.com)
Sexually1
HIV-infected individuals should use latex condoms during every act of sexual intercourse to reduce the risk of exposure to sexually transmitted pathogens, including human papillomavirus (HPV) (AII) . (hiv.gov)
Countries1
With the participation of more than 180 countries, territories and regions around the globe, the World Immunization Week aims at issuing a reminder that vaccines help fight a large number of infectious diseases and calls for action to improve immunization coverage for all age individuals. (critiqueecho.com)
Extent1
In Australia, recent studies designed to assess the extent of herd immunity to vaccine-type HPV have shown evidence for potential development of herd immunity in the nonvaccinated population ( 12 , 13 ). (cdc.gov)
National1
Likewise, it is an opportunity to stress the importance of integrating such type of vaccines in our national public health programs. (critiqueecho.com)
Recommendations1
Almost all the Q&As in this edition of IAC Express deal with new immunization recommendations and vaccine licensures. (immunize.org)
Protection1
A key influential variable is the duration of vaccine protection. (bmj.com)
Effects1
Consequently, data in this article reflect the effects of the bivalent vaccine only. (cdc.gov)
Cost effective1
An HPV vaccine inducing cross-neutralizing antibodies broadly will be cost-effective and of great value. (oncotarget.com)
Data2
Alternative analysis of the data from a HPV vaccine study in India - Authors' reply. (who.int)
Our data demonstrate that HPV16L1-58L2 cVLP is an excellent pan-HPV vaccine candidate. (oncotarget.com)