• In the case of E. coli Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, the BCCP is a separate protein known as accB (P0ABD8). (wikipedia.org)
  • The biotinyl-domain or biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) domain is present in all biotin-dependent enzymes, such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase, propionyl-CoA carboxylase, methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, geranyl-CoA carboxylase, oxaloacetate decarboxylase, methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase, transcarboxylase and urea amidolyase. (umbc.edu)
  • BirA, the biotin-protein ligase (BPL) of Escherichia coli, is also known as biotin operon repressor, biotin-[acetyl-CoA-carboxylase] ligase, and biotin-[acetyl-CoAcarboxylase] synthetase. (watson-int.cn)
  • On the other hand, in Haloferax mediterranei, propionyl-CoA carboxylase, the BCCP pccA (I3R7G3) is fused with biotin carboxylase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two different protein subassemblies, along with BCCP, are required for this two step reaction to be successful: biotin carboxylase (BC) and carboxyltransferase (CT). (wikipedia.org)
  • strain PCC 7120: biotin carboxylase and biotin carboxyl carrier protein. (uchicago.edu)
  • The α-subunits of the oxaloacetate and methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylases are homologous to many biotin-containing enzymes including (1) pyruvate carboxylases, (2) homocitrate synthases, (3) biotin carboxyl carrier proteins, (4) isopropylmalate synthases and (5) acyl-CoA carboxylase. (tcdb.org)
  • Carries out three functions: biotin carboxyl carrier protein, biotin carboxylase and carboxyltransferase. (smpdb.ca)
  • A biotinyl domain shuttles its covalently attached biotin prosthetic group between the active sites of a biotin carboxylase and a carboxyl transferase. (rcsb.org)
  • The biotin carboxyl carrier protein is an Acetyl CoA subunit that allows for Acetyl CoA to be catalyzed and converted to malonyl-CoA. (wikipedia.org)
  • The structures of biotin-accepting domains from E. coli BCCP-87 and the 1.3S subunit of P. shermanii TC were determined by both X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance studies. (wikipedia.org)
  • The enzyme transfers CO 2 from glutaconyl-CoA to a biotin carrier protein (the γ-subunit) that is subsequently decarboxylated by the carboxybiotin decarboxylation site within the Na + pumping beta subunit (Gcdβ). (tcdb.org)
  • protein_coding" "Cz02g32120.t1","No alias","Chromochloris zofingiensis","B-block binding subunit of TFIIIC [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) refers to proteins containing a biotin attachment domain that carry biotin and carboxybiotin throughout the ATP-dependent carboxylation by biotin-dependent carboxylases. (wikipedia.org)
  • More specifically, BCCP catalyzes the carboxylation of the carrier protein to form an intermediate. (wikipedia.org)
  • The biosynthesis performed by the BCCP protein allows for the transfer of CO2 within active sites of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • BCCP contains the biotin cofactor which is covalently bound to a lysine residue. (wikipedia.org)
  • The connection to the rest of the enzyme at the N-terminus of BCCP core is located at the opposite end of the structure from the biotin moiety. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, the linker before the BCCP core in the holoenzyme could also be flexible, which would give further reach for the biotin N1′ atom. (wikipedia.org)
  • The structure of the Biotin-accepting domain consists of BCCP-87 which contains a seven-amino-acid insertion common to certain prokaryotic acetyl-CoA carboxylases but not present in other biotindomains (Chapman-Smith and Cronan, 1999). (wikipedia.org)
  • Hereafter holo-ACC will WH 4-023 make reference to the situation when all three bacterial protein BC CT and BCCP can be found in option. (healthcarecoremeasures.com)
  • In Escherichia coli, the three components reside in separate subunits: a biotinyl domain is the functional portion of one of these, biotin carboxy carrier protein (BCCP). (rcsb.org)
  • BirA biotinylates via the lysine side chain of biotin-accepting proteins/peptides, including natural substrate, carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP),and Avi Tag fusion proteins. (watson-int.cn)
  • Biotinylation is the process of covalently attaching biotin to molecules (such as amino acids, peptides, antibodies, or proteins). (newyorktimesnow.com)
  • Using these reactive groups, biotin can be easily attached to most proteins and peptides. (newyorktimesnow.com)
  • A crucial step in using peptides as antigens is their coupling to carrier proteins. (gbiosciences.com)
  • The carrier proteins, once coupled to the peptides, provide these additional motifs and generate a strong antibody response. (gbiosciences.com)
  • The carrier proteins are coupled to haptens, including peptides and small proteins, with the use of protein cross-linkers. (gbiosciences.com)
  • ActiveHOOK™ carrier proteins have been pre-activated with the heterobifunctional protein cross linker sulfoSMCC and therefore are ready for the addition of cysteine containing peptides or proteins for a simple one step reaction. (gbiosciences.com)
  • The ActiveHOOK™ BSA rapidly couples to free sulfhydryl groups on peptides and proteins. (gbiosciences.com)
  • Keyhole limpet hemocyanin is a widely used carrier protein due to its large molecular mass (4.5x105-1.3x107Da aggregates) and large number of primary amines that can react with cross-linkers for the coupling of peptides. (gbiosciences.com)
  • Through this carboxyl group, biotin is linked covalently to the β-amino group of lysine in 4 carboxylases that play critical roles in intermediary metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • In all 4 carboxylases, biotin functions as a coenzyme or prosthetic group that serves as a carrier for CO 2 in a multistep reaction. (medscape.com)
  • PC catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate with biotin as a cofactor. (medscape.com)
  • protein_coding" "AAC74323","adhE","Escherichia coli","fused acetaldehyde-CoA dehydrogenase/iron-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase/pyruvate-formate lyase deactivase [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • During this process, biotin is covalently attached to a specific lysine. (umbc.edu)
  • All four enzyme porters are biotin-containing multisubunit enzymes. (tcdb.org)
  • They have the ability to modulate protein activity by binding to a target protein inside cells to prevent protein-protein interactions, disrupt protein-nucleic acid interactions, or prevent substrate access to enzymes 1-5 . (jove.com)
  • protein_coding" "AAC74185","ptsG","Escherichia coli","fused glucose-specific PTS enzymes: IIB component/IIC component [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Biotin is necessary for the proper functioning of enzymes that transport carboxyl units and fix carbon dioxide, and is required for various metabolic functions, including gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, propionate metabolism, and catabolism of branched-chain amino acids. (pharmfair.com)
  • BirA functions both as a DNA-binding protein that represses the biotin biosynthesis operon as well as an enzyme that synthesizes its own corepressor, bio-5′-AMP, an intermediate in biotinylation reactions. (watson-int.cn)
  • the tri6 gene, encoding a zinc finger protein involved in the regulation of trichothecene biosynthesis, from Fusarium sporotrichioides (Proctor et al. (justia.com)
  • Although lipids are a distinct class of biomolecules, we shall see that they often occur combined, either covalently or through weak bonds, with members of other classes of bio-molecules to yield hybrid molecules such as glycolipids , which contain both carbohydrate and lipid groups, "and lipoproteins , which contain both lipids and proteins. (medmuv.com)
  • The vitamin is involved in tyrosine metabolism, conversion of folic acid to folinic acid, carbohydrate metabolism, synthesis of lipids and proteins, iron metabolism, resistance to infections, and cellular respiration. (pharmfair.com)
  • BirA, a member of the group II biotin-protein ligase family, contains an N-terminal helix-turn-helix DNA-binding domain, a catalytic core that catalyzes biotinyl 5′ adenylate (bio-5′-AMP) synthesis, and a C-terminal domain that plays a role in DNA binding, dimerization, and catalytic function. (watson-int.cn)
  • To prevent the detection of false positives, use 2.5 mg/ml avidin for biotin masking. (iba-lifesciences.com)
  • Once biotinylated, (strept)avidin-biotin interactions can be utilized in a wide variety of applications of biochemistry and cell biology, including protein capture, immobilization, multimerizing, and bridging molecules. (watson-int.cn)
  • Biotin has extremely high affinity, rapidity and high specificity with streptavidin or avidin. (newyorktimesnow.com)
  • From a biotechnological perspective, the most attractive property of biotin is its unusually high affinity and highly specific binding to avidin and streptavidin of bacterial origin. (newyorktimesnow.com)
  • In fact, the binding of biotin and avidin is one of the strongest non-covalent interactions known, with dissociation constants in the range of 10-14 M to 10-15 M. This super-strong interaction makes biotin highly tolerant to a variety of harsh experimental conditions, such as extreme pH, temperature, and buffer conditions. (newyorktimesnow.com)
  • What is the Biotin-Avidin System? (newyorktimesnow.com)
  • Biotin-Avidin-System (BAS) is a new type of biological reaction amplification system developed in the late 1970s. (newyorktimesnow.com)
  • The high-affinity strong binding between biotin and avidin and the multi-level amplification effect make BAS immunolabeling and related tracer analysis more sensitive. (newyorktimesnow.com)
  • With the deepening of the research on the three-dimensional structure, binding characteristics and stability of biotin and avidin, the application of BAS and its related technologies in a variety of automated immunoassay techniques has further promoted the development of sensitive, rapid and accurate determination techniques for some trace substances in plasma and body fluids such as small molecule polypeptide hormones, tumor markers, myocardial injury markers and blood drug concentration analysis. (newyorktimesnow.com)
  • The biochemical basis for egg-white injury syndrome was quickly elucidated when raw egg whites were found to contain the glycoprotein avidin, which has a remarkable affinity for biotin. (medscape.com)
  • the biotin-avidin complex is not broken during passage of the food bolus through the stomach and intestines. (medscape.com)
  • As a result, biotin is not liberated from food, and the biotin-avidin complex is lost in the feces. (medscape.com)
  • The final step in solving the mystery of egg-white injury syndrome was the demonstration that the syndrome could be prevented by heating the egg whites, a process that denatures avidin and destroys its affinity for biotin. (medscape.com)
  • Acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterases (acyl-ACP TEs) catalyze the hydrolysis of the thioester bond that links the acyl chain to the sulfhydryl group of the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group of ACP. (iastate.edu)
  • mPEG-SCM (Amine PEGylation of Proteins) - PEGylation of lysine residues improves the proteolytic stability of fibronectin while retaining biological activity, Biotechnol. (creativepegworks.com)
  • However, most studies of this protein have been conducted on the E. coli form of the enzyme, where all three components exist as three separate complexes rather than being united on one polypeptide chain. (wikipedia.org)
  • The codon table used was the FreqB table from " Design Parameters to Control Synthetic Gene Expression in Escherichia coli ", which was used because it was shown to express proteins well and was recommended to us by JCVI. (freegenes.org)
  • We provide a method to simultaneously screen a library of antibody fragments for binding affinity and cytoplasmic solubility by using the Escherichia coli twin-arginine translocation pathway, which has an inherent quality control mechanism for intracellular protein folding, to display the antibody fragments on the inner membrane. (jove.com)
  • Strep-Tactin® AP cross-reacts with biotin and biotinylated proteins (e.g. the biotin carboxyl carrier protein in E. coli). (iba-lifesciences.com)
  • protein_coding" "AAC74850","yeaD","Escherichia coli","D-hexose-6-phosphate epimerase-like protein [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC74888","manY","Escherichia coli","mannose-specific enzyme IIC component of PTS [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Commonly used methods for the display and screening of recombinant antibody libraries do not incorporate intracellular protein folding quality control, and, thus, the antigen-binding capability and cytoplasmic folding and solubility of antibodies engineered using these methods often must be engineered separately. (jove.com)
  • These methods are powerful and effective for identifying antibodies that bind to targets, yet they depend on the secretory pathway to transport proteins that will be displayed 14-16 . (jove.com)
  • In humans, an exogenous source of ascorbic acid is required for collagen formation and tissue repair by acting as a cofactor in the posttranslational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in -Xaa-Pro-Gly- sequences in collagens and other proteins. (pharmfair.com)
  • PC is a biotin-dependent mitochondrial enzyme that plays an important role in energy production and anaplerotic pathways. (medscape.com)
  • Some cases of partial enzyme deficiency respond to the administration of excess biotin. (medscape.com)
  • GapMind searches the predicted proteins for candidates by using ublast (a fast alternative to protein BLAST) to find similarities to characterized proteins or by using HMMer to find similarities to enzyme models (usually from TIGRFams ). (lbl.gov)
  • Candidates for each step are identified by using ublast (a fast alternative to protein BLAST) against a database of manually-curated proteins (most of which are experimentally characterized) or by using HMMer with enzyme models (usually from TIGRFam ). (lbl.gov)
  • This article discusses biotin deficiency caused by deficiency of the enzyme biotinidase (see also Biotinidase Deficiency). (medscape.com)
  • Transcriptomic analysis of the two recombinant strains in comparison with the control strain showed that the correct folding of proteins assisted by molecular chaperones played a key role in the improvement of FumDM expression and its enzyme activity. (inra.fr)
  • For the specific detection of Strep-tag® and Twin-Strep-tag® fusion proteins, Strep-Tactin® is available conjugated to alkaline phosphatase (AP). (iba-lifesciences.com)
  • There are many possible applications for these genes: you could try to recreate essential gene pathways in-vitro, or purify the proteins for functional studies, or create a synthetic MoClo-compatible Bacillus subtilis genome using these genes and the sgRNAs available from the Bacillus Genetic Stock Center. (freegenes.org)
  • Isolation and Expression Characteristics of Biotin Carboxyl Carrier Protein Coding Gene ( VfBCCP) from Vernicia fordii.SCIENTIA SILVAE SINICAE. (aidlab.cn)
  • 10. 紫菜: Molecular cloning and expression analysis of ribosomal protein S7 gene from Porphyra haitanensis. (aidlab.cn)
  • 11. 石斛: Molecular characterization of a mitogen-activated protein kinase gene DoMPK 1 in Dendrobium officinale. (aidlab.cn)
  • mPEG-NHS (PEGylated Polymers for Gene Delivery) - BSA Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery: Coating Effects on Nanoparticle Properties, Plasma Protein Adsorption, and In Vitro siRNA Delivery, International Journal of Biomaterials, Volume 2012, Article ID 584060, 10 pages, Text . (creativepegworks.com)
  • Biotin also plays a key role in histone modification, gene regulation (by altering the activity of transcription factors), and cell signaling. (newyorktimesnow.com)
  • Due to the small molecular weight of biotin, biotinylation is usually rapid and specific and is unlikely to interfere with the inherent function of the molecule. (newyorktimesnow.com)
  • The valerate side chain of the biotin molecule can be derivatized to incorporate a variety of reactive groups that are used to link biotin to other molecules. (newyorktimesnow.com)
  • that is, a given molecule of biotin may be repeatedly used before it is eventually lost from the body in the feces or urine. (medscape.com)
  • Biotin is a bicyclic molecule composed of a ureido ring fused with a tetrahydrothiophene ring (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • There are also options for photosensitive biotin compounds that respond nonspecifically to photoactivation. (newyorktimesnow.com)
  • These compounds are the building blocks of protein. (w8mdspa.com)
  • Biotin deficiency is a rare nutritional disorder caused by a deficiency of the water-soluble B vitamin termed biotin. (medscape.com)
  • The first being the carboxylation of biotin with bicarbonate and the second being the transfer of the CO2 group to acetyl-CoA from carboxybiotin to allow for the formation of malonyl-CoA. (wikipedia.org)
  • The biotin carboxyl carrier protein carries approximately 1 mol of biotin per 22,000 g of protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, biotinylation is widely used in biomedical fields, and biotinylated proteins are widely used in biotechnology as a molecular tool. (newyorktimesnow.com)
  • Biotinylation reagents can be used to target a variety of functional groups, including primary amines, thiols, carbohydrates, and carboxyl groups. (newyorktimesnow.com)
  • The solubility of biotinylation reagents will largely affect the labeling ability of proteins or other macromolecules. (newyorktimesnow.com)
  • Proteins have hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions depending on the side chains of the amino acids and the protein configuration, and these regions can promote or hinder the biotinylation process depending on the solubility of the biotinylation reagent. (newyorktimesnow.com)
  • mPEG-Maleimide (Thiol PEGylation of Proteins) - Structural and Biochemical Consequences of Disease-Causing Mutations in the Ankyrin Repeat Domain of the Human TRPV4 Channel, Biochemistry, 2012, 51 (31), pp 6195-6206, Text . (creativepegworks.com)
  • mPEG-Maleimide (Thiol PEGylation of Proteins) - In vitro folding of KvAP, a voltage gated K+ channel, Biochemistry. (creativepegworks.com)
  • BackgroundThe use of small molecules to selectively regulate the function of proteins is the cornerstone of the development of medicine. (newyorktimesnow.com)
  • Therefore, biotin is widely used in biomedical applications for the detection, immunoprecipitation, or purification of molecules of interest. (newyorktimesnow.com)
  • Second, almost all foods contain significant quantities of biotin, and many widely consumed foods are relatively rich in biotin. (medscape.com)
  • The proteins then fold under oxidizing conditions and are displayed on the cell surface or packaged into phage particles to screen for binding affinity 17,18 . (jove.com)
  • Biotin deficiency rarely, if ever, occurs in healthy individuals who consume a regular diet unless they are being treated either with certain anticonvulsants or with broad-spectrum antibiotics. (medscape.com)
  • The extremely low prevalence of biotin deficiency is probably the result of a combination of factors. (medscape.com)
  • This domain occurred 8 times on human genes ( 20 proteins). (umbc.edu)
  • Protein of unknown function (DUF520) [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 13, N-terminal domain [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Protein kinase domain [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "Cz03g18100.t1","No alias","Chromochloris zofingiensis","Spindle assembly checkpoint component Mad1 [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "Cz03g26100.t1","No alias","Chromochloris zofingiensis","Pre-mRNA polyadenylation factor Fip1 domain [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Biotin, a B vitamin, is an essential nutrient found naturally in certain foods and is available as a dietary supplement. (newyorktimesnow.com)
  • Biotin was first recognized as an essential nutrient factor in mammals in 1936. (medscape.com)
  • Hits to curated proteins without experimental data as to their function are never considered high confidence. (lbl.gov)
  • The Tat pathway ensures that only soluble, well-folded proteins are transported out of the cytoplasm and displayed on the inner membrane, thereby eliminating poorly folded scFvs prior to interrogation for antigen-binding. (jove.com)
  • The secretory pathway translocates unfolded proteins from the reducing cytoplasm into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen in yeast or into the periplasm in bacteria. (jove.com)
  • Pertaining to the putting together of complex substances from simples ones, especially to the building of muscle protein from amino acids. (w8mdspa.com)
  • It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk. (pharmfair.com)
  • The β-subunits possess 9 transmembrane α-helical spanners (TMSs), and the protein may dip into the membrane twice between TMSs III and IV. (tcdb.org)
  • The proteins can be captured on a membrane or microplate. (iba-lifesciences.com)
  • Simply transfer your dilute protein solution to a dialysis bag or dialysis device, such as our patented Tube-O-DIALYZER™ and then cover the membrane with Concentrator Powder. (gbiosciences.com)
  • Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. (smpdb.ca)
  • mPEG-MAL (Thiol PEGylation of Proteins) - A Computationally Designed Inhibitor of an Epstein-Barr Viral Bcl-2 Protein Induces Apoptosis in Infected Cells, Cell, Volume 157, Issue 7, 19 June 2014, Pages 1644-1656, Text . (creativepegworks.com)
  • Then the carboxyl group is transferred by the transcacrboxylase to form the malonyl-CoA. (wikipedia.org)
  • A group of synthetic hormones that promote the storage of protein and the growth of tissue, sometimes used by athletes to increase muscle size and strength. (w8mdspa.com)