• Root system architecture has a central role in crop plants' response to abiotic (soil microorganisms) and abiotic stresses like water stress, mechanical impedance. (oap-onlinejournals.org)
  • What are the cellular responses to cytokinin? (fu-berlin.de)
  • Finally, cytokinin regulates responses to stress. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Analysis of global changes in genes and proteins expression is an approach to learn about the molecular responses happening rice cultivars during BPH stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Overall, our results indicate that during an incompatible interaction between H471 and PXO99 A , rice plants prevent pathogen invasion and also initiate multi-component defense responses that inhibit disease development. (researchsquare.com)
  • Salicylic acid (SA) is an important signaling hormone in plant defense responses, but it is also a phenolic compound synthesized by plants in response to diverse pathogens [ 7 ]. (researchsquare.com)
  • The concentration of hormones required for plant responses are very low (10−6 to 10−5 mol/L). Because of these low concentrations, it has been very difficult to study plant hormones, and only since the late 1970s have scientists been able to start piecing together their effects and relationships to plant physiology. (wikipedia.org)
  • ABA-responsive element (ABRE)-binding factors (ABFs) are core components in ABA signaling and are broadly involved in plant growth and development, as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stresses such as cold. (eurekalert.org)
  • These factors induce dramatic changes in phytohormone biosynthesis and transport leading to rapid local and systemic stress responses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this way, we evaluated the effects of water deficit progress on AtDREB2A-CA transgenic cotton plant responses, driven by the stress-inducible rd29 promoter. (scirp.org)
  • Here, we present how altered root traits shown by transgenic plants impacted on physiological acclimation responses when submitted to severe water stress. (scirp.org)
  • The elaborate hormone signaling networks and their ability to crosstalk make them ideal candidates for mediating defense responses. (beds.ac.uk)
  • In this review, we summarize the roles of the major plant hormones in regulating abiotic and biotic stress responses with special focus on the significance of crosstalk between different hormones in generating a sophisticated and efficient stress response. (beds.ac.uk)
  • These have been illustrated with examples drawn from selected abiotic and biotic stress responses. (beds.ac.uk)
  • The discussion on seed dormancy and germination serves to illustrate the fine balance that can be enforced by the two key hormones ABA and GA in regulating plant responses to environmental signals. (beds.ac.uk)
  • Nonetheless, Ca 2+ and ROS-mediated responses of plants to environmental constraints just form the tip of the iceberg. (beds.ac.uk)
  • Moreover, with nine diverse groups of plant hormones participating in defense responses, their signaling pathways are intricately interconnected to facilitate the generation of a sophisticated and efficient stress response. (beds.ac.uk)
  • Responses to abiotic and biotic stresses - from the cellular level to fruit development - contributions of the Czech Centre for Experimental Plant Biology. (muni.cz)
  • Plant responses to ambient temperature fluctuations and water-limiting conditions: a proteome-wide perspective. (muni.cz)
  • Seed dormancy and germination, hormonal regulation of growth and development physiological effects and mechanism of action of auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, abscisic acid and jasmonic acid, plant rythms and biological clock, secondary metabolites, plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. (iasexamportal.com)
  • Ethylene signaling in salt-stressed Arabidopsis thaliana ein2-1 and ctr1-1 mutants - a dissection of molecular mechanisms involved in acclimation. (ugent.be)
  • The diverse salt stress response of Arabidopsis ctr1-1 and ein2-1 ethylene signaling mutants is linked to altered root auxin homeostasis. (ugent.be)
  • How are these cytokinin activities linked to other cellular signaling pathways? (fu-berlin.de)
  • Recently, scientists from Shenyang Agricultural University reported that the ABA, CBF, and polyamine pathways may form a cooperative regulatory network to control plant cold stress response. (eurekalert.org)
  • These developmental stimuli are categorised as intrinsic, the genetic and nutritional influences, or extrinsic, the environmental influences and are interpreted by signal transduction pathways . (wikimili.com)
  • ROS are highly reactive species found in nature that can attack plant organelles, metabolites, and molecules by interrupting various metabolic pathways until cell death occurs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Abiotic stresses in plants turn on antioxidative defense machinery which utilizes either of two pathways, i.e . enzymatic or non-enzymatic antioxidants, in an attempt to reduce the stress (Mahmood et al. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent research findings have helped to clarify the elaborate signaling networks and the sophisticated crosstalk occurring among the different hormone signaling pathways. (beds.ac.uk)
  • The sensing of abiotic and biotic stresses initiates several complex signaling pathways in plants. (beds.ac.uk)
  • The mechanism of stress-response in plants is highly intricate and requires several integrated pathways to be activated in response to external stresses. (beds.ac.uk)
  • Plants have developed rapid and sophisticated mechanisms that confer resistance to invading pathogens. (researchsquare.com)
  • A new class of phenolic phytoalexins with antimicrobial activities against bacterial and fungal pathogens in rice comprises stress-induced phenylamides, which rely on the shikimate pathway for aromatic L-amino acids and the phenylpropanoid pathway for the phenolic acid moieties in phenylamides and sakuranetin [ 6 ]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Among them, jasmonates, as well as abscisic and salicylic acids are responsible for triggering and modulating plant reactions targeted against pathogens and herbivores, as well as resistance to abiotic stress (drought, UV-irradiation and mechanical wounding). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We investigate the genes regulating biosynthesis and metabolism of cytokinin, cytokinin signal perception and signal transduction primarily in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana . (fu-berlin.de)
  • Some of our research questions are: Which developmental processes are under control of cytokinin, and which genes are involved? (fu-berlin.de)
  • What are the individual functions of cytokinin-related genes? (fu-berlin.de)
  • We are studying the use of cytokinin genes to engineer plants with improved traits in oilseed rape, barley, and poplar. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Further, 21 candidate genes within three potentially novel QTLs were identified, they were mainly involved in the regulation of phytohormone, cell division and proliferation, meristem development, plant or organ development, and carbohydrate transport. (biomedcentral.com)
  • QTLs and candidate genes detected in our study for yield-related traits under stripe rust stress will facilitate elucidating genetic basis of yield-related trait and could be used in marker-assisted selection in wheat yield breeding. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They can bind directly to DRE/CRT (dehydration-responsive element/C repeat) cis -acting elements in the promoters of cold-regulated (COR) genes and trigger their expression to help plants withstand the bitter cold. (eurekalert.org)
  • 2003 ). Transcription level of SMs-related genes determines the biosynthesis and accumulation of SMs in plants, which can occur in different growth phases and places such as organs, tissues (De Kraker et al. (springeropen.com)
  • Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated that the predicted target genes were involved in various regulatory processes, such as signal transduction mechanisms, inorganic ion transport and metabolism, defense mechanisms, translation, posttranslational modifications, energy production and conversion, and glycerolipid metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Modern researches in crop plants revealed that low levels of ROS act as a signal which induces tolerance to environmental extremes by altering the expression of defensive genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further, we focus on recent advancements in the production of resistant cotton varieties by conventional and transgenic incorporation of defense genes against several abiotic stresses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, regulation of plant hormone related genes was more vigorous in apogamy initiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Generally, it is believed that the genes responsible for cell division and cell wall, and the genes related to plant hormones play a key role in triggering vegetative-to-embryogenic transition [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The activated Ca 2+ sensors can either bind to cis -elements in the promoters of major stress-responsive genes or can interact with DNA-binding proteins controlling these genes, thereby, resulting in their activation or suppression. (beds.ac.uk)
  • Furthermore, elevated Ca 2+ levels can activate calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CCaMKs) or phosphatases that in turn can phosphorylate/dephosphorylate specific transcription factors, thus, regulating expression levels of stress-responsive genes [ 2 ]. (beds.ac.uk)
  • The activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade by H 2 O 2 and subsequent upregulation of specific stress-related genes in Arabidopsis is a perfect example of ROS-mediated stress-response [ 5 ]. (beds.ac.uk)
  • Many genes that are regulated by one type of stress are also responsive to the other two. (allindianpatents.com)
  • There has been a growing interest in the study of PAs involved in plant stresses, including drought, hypoxia, high temperature, low temperature, salinity, and metal toxicity. (eurekalert.org)
  • Thus, targeting the molecular mechanisms correlated with drought tolerance without reducing productivity is a challenge for plant breeding. (scirp.org)
  • Drought is often the most yield-limiting factor for plants. (scirp.org)
  • Those extreme abiotic conditions or stresses include drought, high temperature, heavy metals, salinity, and ultraviolet radiation, and they cause yield and quality losses in crops. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The response of a plant to abiotic stresses, such as drought, temperature and osmotic stress, are intimately linked to each other (Zhu et al, Crit. (allindianpatents.com)
  • A gene conferring tolerance to, for example, osmotic stress may therefore also confer tolerance to cold and drought stresses. (allindianpatents.com)
  • In addition, a plant can be exposed to a multiplicity of stresses during its life cycle e.g. drought stress is often accompanied by high temperature stress. (allindianpatents.com)
  • Evidence suggests that exogenous ABA can enhance cold tolerance of oriental melon seedlings, and PA accumulation contributes to adaptation to root-zone hypoxia stress, Ca(NO 3 ) 2 stress, and salinity-alkalinity stress in melon seedlings, as well as cold stress in melon fruit. (eurekalert.org)
  • The biosynthesis of plant hormones within plant tissues is often diffuse and not always localized. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because arginine decarboxylase (ADC) is the key synthetase that catalyzes putrescine biosynthesis in plants, the authors then examined the expression of the ADC-encoding gene CmADC under cold treatment. (eurekalert.org)
  • Review of abiotic and biotic elicitors' roles in secondary metabolites biosynthesis of periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus (Linn. (jmp.ir)
  • Amiri S, Fotovat R, Panahi B, Tarinezhad A, Mohammadi S A. Review of abiotic and biotic elicitors' roles in secondary metabolites biosynthesis of periwinkle ( Catharanthus roseus (Linn. (jmp.ir)
  • Since the terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAS) biosynthesis pathway is adjustable, modification of underlying substrate and enzymes concentration by biotic and abiotic elicitors are important approaches for overproduction of these metabolites. (jmp.ir)
  • Abiotic and biotic are induced the immune systems of periwinkle and subsequently increased the biosynthesis and accumulation of vinblastine and vincristine. (jmp.ir)
  • In this study, we reviewed and discussed the impacts of different abiotic and biotic elicitors on TIAS biosynthesis and consequent secondary metabolites over production. (jmp.ir)
  • Our study indicated that biotic and abiotic elicitors are versatile tools for over-production of valuable metabolites in periwinkle. (jmp.ir)
  • Phytohormones are the key metabolites participating in the regulation of multiple functions of plant organism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Currently, the plant cell suspension has been used as a useful method to produce secondary metabolites (SMs) components. (springeropen.com)
  • 2017 ). Secondary metabolites (SMs) have complex structures to be manufactured by chemical synthesis and thus frequently extracted from naturally grown or cultivated plants (Deepthi and Satheeshkumar 2016 ). (springeropen.com)
  • They play important roles in the overall life cycle of plants, from seed germination to fruit ripening, abscission, and senescence. (eurekalert.org)
  • Root system architecture (RSA) is an important developmental and agronomic trait, which plays vital roles in plant adaptation and productivity under water-limited environments. (oap-onlinejournals.org)
  • Trichomes are excellent model systems for the analysis of cell differentiation and play essential roles in plant protection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Phytohormones play critical roles in helping the plants to adapt to adverse environmental conditions. (beds.ac.uk)
  • In addition, apogamy commitment was suggested to be associated with stress and metabolism by suppression subtractive hybridization in C. richardii . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Regulation of plant vitamin metabolism: backbone of biofortification for the alleviation of hidden hunger. (ugent.be)
  • Several results of our basic research have led to applied projects and the study of different crop plants. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Cytokinin regulates yield in crop plants, which is an extremely important trait. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Such microorganisms, in general, consist of diverse naturally occurring microbes whose inoculation into the soil ecosystem advances soil physicochemical properties, soil microbial biodiversity, soil health, plant growth and development and crop productivity. (bio-fit.eu)
  • A. chroococcum improves the plant growth by enhancing seed germination and advancing the root architecture by inhibiting the pathogenic microorganisms around the root systems of crop plants. (bio-fit.eu)
  • Azospirillum has been shown to exert beneficial effects on plant growth and crop yields both in greenhouse and in field trials. (bio-fit.eu)
  • Nevertheless, cotton crop has been severely threatened by different biotic and abiotic stresses. (scirp.org)
  • Oxidative stress occurs when crop plants are exposed to extreme abiotic conditions that lead to the excessive production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most varieties of crop plants available to agriculture today have been obtained as a result of years of breeding activities focussed on the selection of higher yielding plants adapted to a particular environment. (allindianpatents.com)
  • Such molecules find their way into soil and water bodies in the form of acid rain, causing acidification of soils and the release of Al ions in a form easily absorbed by the plant root system, which is extremely toxic. (frontiersin.org)
  • Plant hormones (or phytohormones) are signal molecules, produced within plants, that occur in extremely low concentrations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some of the early signaling events include alteration of intracellular Ca 2+ concentration, production of secondary signaling molecules such as inositol phosphate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as activation of kinase cascades. (beds.ac.uk)
  • In addition, we discuss the possible mechanisms involved in improving the growth of plants cultivated in soils with acid pH, as well as mechanisms of tolerance to the toxic effect of Al. (frontiersin.org)
  • She contributes to studies on physiological and molecular mechanisms by which melon adapts to cold stress. (eurekalert.org)
  • Understanding of underlying mechanisms is of principle interest for scientists working in various areas of plant biology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Plants have evolved defense mechanisms for the production of antioxidants to detoxify the ROS and to protect the plant against oxidative damage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The normal balance of defensive mechanisms in plants is disturbed by abiotic stresses (Mullineaux and Baker 2010 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • therefore, plants have evolved a complex array of enzymatic and non-enzymatic detoxification mechanisms to combat oxidative damage due to ROS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To adapt to such adverse situations, plants have evolved well-developed mechanisms that help to perceive the stress signal and enable optimal growth response. (beds.ac.uk)
  • Therefore, discovering additional crosstalk mechanisms among various hormones in coordinating growth under stress will be an important theme in the field of abiotic stress research. (beds.ac.uk)
  • Early in the study of plant hormones, "phytohormone" was the commonly used term, but its use is less widely applied now. (wikipedia.org)
  • Several modifications of this editing system have been established for adoption in a variety of plants, as well as for its improved efficiency and portability, bringing new opportunities for the development of transgene-free improved varieties of economically important crops. (mdpi.com)
  • It has been proposed that exploiting tailor-made core microbiome transfer therapy in agriculture can be a potential approach in managing plant diseases for different crops. (bio-fit.eu)
  • Root is has great role for plant adaptation and productivity of the agricultural crops as well as other plants by exploiting the soil resource thus, important for plant growth and development or main growth factors. (oap-onlinejournals.org)
  • Much of the research on root traits has thus far focused on the most common cereal crops and model plants. (oap-onlinejournals.org)
  • Facing these global agricultural challenges, there is an urgent need to develop crops with delayed stress-onset to manage risk and increase yield and quality under both optimal and suboptimal conditions. (scirp.org)
  • Researches related to plant oxidative stresses have shown excellent potential for the development of stress-tolerant crops. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Such efforts will help to reveal important points of genetic control that can be useful to engineer stress tolerant crops. (beds.ac.uk)
  • Signal transduction : overview, receptors and G-proteins, specific signaling mechanism in bacteria and proteins. (iasexamportal.com)
  • They are naturally produced within plants, though very similar chemicals are produced by fungi and bacteria that can also affect plant growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • The agriculturally useful microbial populations cover plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, N 2 -fixing cyanobacteria, mycorrhiza, plant disease suppressive beneficial bacteria, stress-tolerant endophytes and biodegrading microbes. (bio-fit.eu)
  • The roots of most vascular plant species enter into symbiosis with certain fungi to form mycorrhizae , and a large range of other organisms including bacteria also closely associate with roots. (wikimili.com)
  • Arega Wole Damena (2023) A Review on Response of Root System Architecture and Root Phenotypic for Biotic And Abiotic Stress. (oap-onlinejournals.org)
  • Plant hormones control all aspects of plant growth and development, including embryogenesis, the regulation of organ size, pathogen defense, stress tolerance and reproductive development. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unlike in animals (in which hormone production is restricted to specialized glands) each plant cell is capable of producing hormones. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plant hormones affect gene expression and transcription levels, cellular division, and growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plant hormones are not nutrients, but chemicals that in small amounts promote and influence the growth, development, and differentiation of cells and tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plants lack glands to produce and store hormones, because, unlike animals-which have two circulatory systems (lymphatic and cardiovascular) powered by a heart that moves fluids around the body-plants use more passive means to move chemicals around their bodies. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plants utilize simple chemicals as hormones, which move more easily through their tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plant cells produce hormones that affect even different regions of the cell producing the hormone. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hormones are transported within the plant by utilizing four types of movements. (wikipedia.org)
  • Not all plant cells respond to hormones, but those cells that do are programmed to respond at specific points in their growth cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plants need hormones at very specific times during plant growth and at specific locations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plants can also break down hormones chemically, effectively destroying them. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plant hormones frequently regulate the concentrations of other plant hormones. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plants also move hormones around the plant diluting their concentrations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Much of the early work on plant hormones involved studying plants that were genetically deficient in one or involved the use of tissue-cultured plants grown in vitro that were subjected to differing ratios of hormones, and the resultant growth compared. (wikipedia.org)
  • the determination and observation of plant hormones and their identification was spread out over the next 70 years. (wikipedia.org)
  • Synergism in plant hormones refers to the how of two or more hormones result in an effect that is more than the individual effects. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plant hormones play a key role in the regulation of plant development and response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gas chromatography (GC) coupled on-line to mass spectrometry (MS) is routinely applied for the simultaneous analysis of multiple hormones in plant tissues [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because of the complex interactions among various plant hormones and their ability to control a wide range of physiological processes, they serve as the key endogenous factors in mediating plant stress response. (beds.ac.uk)
  • In plants and other organisms, Al can have a beneficial or toxic effect, depending on factors such as, metal concentration, the chemical form of Al, growth conditions and plant species. (frontiersin.org)
  • In response to the concentration of nutrients, roots also synthesise cytokinin , which acts as a signal as to how fast the shoots can grow. (wikimili.com)
  • Cytokinin is a negative regulator of root growth and promotes the secondary growth of trees. (fu-berlin.de)
  • The most common kind of stress plants receive from their surroundings is temperature stress. (allindianpatents.com)
  • Each plant species has its own optimal temperature for growth, and its geographical distribution is determined to a major extent by the temperature zone in which it can survive. (allindianpatents.com)
  • Here, we identified loci associated to multi-environmental yield-related traits under stripe rust stress in 244 wheat accessions from Sichuan Province through genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 44,059 polymorphic markers from the 55 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A total of 13 stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were found to be highly associating to yield-related traits, including 6 for spike length (SL), 3 for thousand-kernel weight (TKW), 2 for kernel weight per spike (KWPS), and 2 for both TKW and KWPS, in at least two test environments under stripe rust stress conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, improving wheat yield under stripe rust stress is extremely urgent. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, identifying loci associated with yield-related traits under stripe rust stress may provide favourable alleles and their useful markers for breeding wheat cultivars with high yield in combination with stripe rust resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These factors affect plant growth, thus leading to lower yield and harvest quality. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present invention concerns a method for altering growth characteristics of plants, in particular a method for altering stress tolerance and yield in plants. (allindianpatents.com)
  • More specifically, the present invention concerns altering tolerance in plants to various environmental stresses and to increasing seed yield by modifying plant haemoglobin gene expression and/or by modifying plant haemoglobin protein levels. (allindianpatents.com)
  • In addition, during their life cycle, plants are exposed to various environmental conditions which greatly influence development and which, when unfavourable, may limit the final yield. (allindianpatents.com)
  • Yield is directly dependent on several factors, for example, the number and size of the organs, plant architecture (for example, the number of branches), seed production and more. (allindianpatents.com)
  • Root development, nutrient uptake and stress tolerance are also important factors influencing yield. (allindianpatents.com)
  • The final yield of a plant is determined by several parameters amongst which growth is a major contributor. (allindianpatents.com)
  • Abiotic stress conditions, such as shortage or excess of solar energy, water and nutrients, extremes of hot and cold temperatures, pollution (e.g. heavy-metal pollution) can all have a major impact on plant growth and can significantly reduce plant yield and growth. (allindianpatents.com)
  • The intricate web of crosstalk among the often redundant multitudes of signaling intermediates is just beginning to be understood. (beds.ac.uk)
  • A novel panel of yeast assays for the assessment of thiamin and its biosynthetic intermediates in plant tissues. (ugent.be)
  • However, the molecular mechanism and related signaling networks in controlling apogamy is still not entirely understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • General concept of plant morphology - origion and evolution of flower. (iasexamportal.com)
  • The main role of PAs in plant stress is to counteract the damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to prevent free radical damage or oxidative stress while also modulating ion channels to protect the morphology and integrity of cell membranes, nucleic acids, and proteins. (eurekalert.org)
  • Interestingly, it was observed that Azospirillum inoculation can change the root morphology via producing plant growth-regulating substances via siderophore production. (bio-fit.eu)
  • Here we review recent advances in the study of Al in plants at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels, focusing mainly on the beneficial effect of Al in plants (stimulation of root growth, increased nutrient uptake, the increase in enzyme activity, and others). (frontiersin.org)
  • Molecular Plant , 14: 1241-1243. (ugent.be)
  • Molecular Plant , 14: 679-687. (ugent.be)
  • Feverfew ( Tanacetum parthenium ) is one of the most important medicinal plants with different pharmacologic properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cardiotonic, antitumor and antiangiogenic activities. (springeropen.com)
  • Feverfew ( Tanacetum parthenium ) is one of the most important medicinal plants with different pharmacological and therapeutic properties (Pourianezhad et al. (springeropen.com)
  • SMs are produced by different medicinal plants under biotic and abiotic stresses (Ebrahimi et al. (springeropen.com)
  • The species such as Adiantum and Drynaria are also considered as medicinal plants in curing the human disease in multiple fields. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Over the past two decades, there has been an emerging understanding of the crosstalk between ABA and PAs in response to environmental stress. (eurekalert.org)
  • Root system architecture is made up of structural features which exhibits great role in response to environmental stress, and critical to plant growth and development with sufficient root growth. (oap-onlinejournals.org)
  • Environmental stresses lead to the excess generation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Given the plant's inability of locomotion as a means of responding to environmental stimuli, plants are exposed to a variety of stresses that limit their performance. (allindianpatents.com)
  • The research group of Thomas Schmülling explores basic as well as applied aspects of plant development. (fu-berlin.de)
  • The focus of the lab is the hormone cytokinin , which is a powerful regulator of plant development and has also functions in the defense to stress. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Azospirillum is another free-living, motile, Gram-variable, aerobic bacterium that can thrive in flooded conditions and promotes various aspects of plant growth and development. (bio-fit.eu)
  • A deep and proliferative root system helps extract sufficient water and nutrients under these stress conditions 74 .Since roots grow underground, they are the first to sense abiotic stresses and adjust their genetic program for post-embryonic development to survive the stress 43 . (oap-onlinejournals.org)
  • Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) is one of the most important commercial vegetables worldwide and has become a model plant for studying the formation and development of multicellular trichomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Future research employing genome-scale systems biology approaches to solve problems of such magnitude will undoubtedly lead to a better understanding of plant development. (beds.ac.uk)
  • Sequence analysis showed that only one single nucleotide mutation (C → T) between 9930 and nps was found in the second exon of Csa3G748220 , a plant-specific class I HD-Zip gene. (biomedcentral.com)
  • VAN DER STRAETEN D., CASTAGNA A., RANIERA A. (2022) Foliar and root comparative metaboliomics and phenolic profiling of micro-tom tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants associated with a gene expression analysis in response to short daily UV treatments. (ugent.be)
  • Total soluble proteins and amino acids were the highest in plants from the MS medium with 1 mg·L −1 mT. Increased levels of hydrogen peroxide and catalase activity were observed on media with 1 mg·L −1 BA. (mdpi.com)
  • The different interactions of a root with its environment depend on its organization and structure, from the cellular to whole-plant level. (oap-onlinejournals.org)
  • J. Plant Physiology & Breeding. (jmp.ir)
  • Plant Physiology & Biochemistry , 167:999-1010. (ugent.be)
  • Plant Physiology , 186: 1832-1847. (ugent.be)
  • Plant and Cell Physiology , 62: 678-692. (ugent.be)
  • It sucks the phloem sap from leaf sheath of rice plants using a stylet, leading to hopper burn and in most severe cases kills the entire plant during flowering [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During the single period of rapid growth in fruit and seed, cytokinin concentrations increased rapidly at two periods. (pdfplayer.org)
  • The first rapid increase in cytokinin concentrations preceds the period of rapid cell division and cell enlargement and the second increase coincide with the period of rapid cell enlargement only. (pdfplayer.org)
  • Numerous abiotic and biotic factors reduce pollen viability, the fertilization process of the flower, and embryo survival, which are all commonly associated with extensive fruit drop in early season. (pdfplayer.org)
  • Furthermore, we discussed the achievements in the understanding and improving oxidative stress tolerance in cotton in recent years. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When ROS production is greater than a plant's ability to scavenge excess ROS, there is rapid leakage of excess ROS (a state known as oxidative stress) into other parts of the plant. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Elevated ROS levels are harmful to plants and may alter the cell's physiological, morphological and metabolic processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present review discusses the increase in ROS in cotton plants during abiotic stress events and the resulting biochemical and morpho-physiological changes that occur within the plant. (biomedcentral.com)
  • C-repeat binding factors (CBFs) act at the crossroads of the transcriptional regulatory network that underlies cold stress response. (eurekalert.org)
  • This system can be extremely complex and is dependent upon multiple factors such as the species of the plant itself, the composition of the soil and the availability of nutrients. (wikimili.com)
  • The rhizosphere, which is the narrow zone of soil surrounding plant roots, can comprise up to 10 11 microbial cells per gram of root and above 30,000 prokaryotic species that, in general, improve plant productivity. (bio-fit.eu)
  • Additionally, it was cross-validated with a well-established GC-MS-based procedure and its applicability to a variety of plant species and organs was verified. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The method can be applied for the analyses of target phytohormones in small tissue samples obtained from any plant species and/or plant part relying on any commercially available (even less sensitive) tandem mass spectrometry instrumentation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A rapid increase in the rate of ROS production, known as 'the oxidative burst', occurs as a response to stress conditions [ 3 ]. (beds.ac.uk)
  • Particularly relevant is the capacity of a plant to maintain growth and to continue its developmental programme in unfavourable conditions. (allindianpatents.com)
  • Unfavourable conditions are those that limit a plant in achieving its potential maximum production. (allindianpatents.com)
  • Plant roots play a significant role in plant growth by exploiting soil resources via the uptake of water and nutrients 72 . (oap-onlinejournals.org)
  • Roots are essential for plant productivity and serve a variety of functions, such as water and nutrient uptake, forming symbioses with other microorganisms in the rhizosphere, anchoring the plant to the soil, and acting as storage organs. (oap-onlinejournals.org)
  • The configuration of root systems serves to structurally support the plant, compete with other plants and for uptake of nutrients from the soil. (wikimili.com)
  • these manmade compounds are called plant growth regulators (PGRs). (wikipedia.org)
  • 4. Dugede Bernonville T, Clastre M, Besseau S, Oudin A, Burlat V, Glévarec G, Lanoue A, Papon N, El-Sayed M. and Verpoorte R. Growth, metabolic profiling and enzymes activities of Catharanthus roseus seedlings treated with plant growth regulators. (jmp.ir)
  • Plant Growth Regul. (jmp.ir)
  • In this review, we summarized the processes involved in ROS production in response to several types of abiotic stress in cotton plants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Besides this relatively time-consuming step, even the modern GC-MS approaches still require at least 300 mg fresh plant material to reach dynamic range of a mass spectrometer [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Section of Ornamental Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 166 Nowoursynowska Str. (mdpi.com)
  • In vascular plants , the roots are the organs of a plant that are modified to provide anchorage for the plant and take in water and nutrients into the plant body, which allows plants to grow taller and faster. (wikimili.com)
  • Roots are essential for plant adaptation and productivity, but are less studied due to the difficulty of observing them during the plant life cycle 34 . (oap-onlinejournals.org)
  • The major functions of roots are absorption of water , plant nutrition and anchoring of the plant body to the ground. (wikimili.com)
  • Perhaps the most striking characteristic of roots that distinguishes them from other plant organs such as stem-branches and leaves is that roots have an endogenous [5] origin, i.e. , they originate and develop from an inner layer of the mother axis, such as pericycle . (wikimili.com)