• A set of 34 genes clustered around the rifK gene encoding AHBA synthase were defined by sequencing all but 5 kilobases (kb) of a 95 kb contiguous region of DNA from A. mediterranei. (nih.gov)
  • The involvement of some of the genes in the biosynthesis of rifamycin B was examined. (nih.gov)
  • Disruption of the PKS genes at the end of rifA abolished rifamycin B production and resulted in the formation of P8/1-OG, a known shunt product of rifamycin biosynthesis, whereas disruption of the orf6 and orf9 genes, which may encode deoxysugar biosynthesis enzymes, had no apparent effect. (nih.gov)
  • We designed codon-optimized biosynthesis pathways based on genes mined from Escherichia coli . (elifesciences.org)
  • Previous studies have identified four putative DGAT2-encoding genes in H. lacustris , and only HpDGAT2D allowed the recovery of TAG biosynthesis, but the engineering potential of HpDGAT2s in TAG biosynthesis remains ambiguous. (researchsquare.com)
  • These results (1) update the gene models of HpDGAT2s , (2) prove the TAG biosynthesis capacity of HpDGAT2s, (3) show the strong preference for MUFAs and PUFAs, and (4) offer target genes to modulate TAG biosynthesis by using genetic engineering methods. (researchsquare.com)
  • The attractive features of this study, examining the elicitor-induced regulator of selected TFs genes to see whether their mRNA levels correlate with fungal taxol biosynthesis. (europa.eu)
  • They see how the pattern of nucleotide bases (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine) forms the double helix ladder shape of DNA, and serves as the code for the steps required to make genes. (teachengineering.org)
  • Gene loss, or loss of gene function, may result from changes to bacterial biosynthesis pathways driven by the abundance of resources in the host or because the genes may encode proteins adverse to bacterial virulence. (cdc.gov)
  • In each category, studies related to growth control genes, cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA repair genes, antioxidant and drug detoxification genes, genes of drug metabolizing enzymes, tissue remodeling genes and genes of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity were discussed separately. (researchsquare.com)
  • In order to enhance berry coloration of bright-red grape cultivars, the effects of abscisic acid (ABA) treatment on the quantity and composition of anthocyanins as well as the expression of genes related to flavonoid biosynthesis in the berry were examined. (scirp.org)
  • Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that ABA treatment around véraison resulted in the upregulation of genes encoding enzymes responsible for both general flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis. (scirp.org)
  • Pathways and functional genes analysis of soil, rhizosphere, and phyllosphere showed that the most abundant functional genes were mapped to membrane transport, DNA repair and recombination, signal transduction, purine metabolism, translation-related protein processing, oxidative phosphorylation, bacterial motility protein secretion, and membrane receptor proteins. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Experiments involving the deliberate formation of synthetic or recombinant DNA containing genes for the biosynthesis of select toxins lethal for vertebrates at an LD 50 <100 ng/kg body weight (ie, nucleic acids that encode select toxins). (cdc.gov)
  • Molecular neuroscience has largely focused on the functions of protein-coding genes, which account for less than 2% of our DNA. (lu.se)
  • 13 C-tracing verified de novo biosynthesis of valine and further revealed build-up of pathway intermediate 2,3-dihydroxy-3-isovalerate. (elifesciences.org)
  • Light was shed on the biosynthesis pathway of the Z base , which is the only known exception in the living world to the four DNA bases A, T, C and G. (pasteur.fr)
  • Recently chemical biology findings have highlighted the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis pathway as a promising novel target pathway to treat life-threatening fungal infections. (nature.com)
  • Principal pathway of flavonid biosynthesis and related Myb transcription factors in grape. (scirp.org)
  • Monoterpenoid biosynthesis was the most significantly enriched pathway in rhizosphere samples when compared to the soil samples. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Megaloblastic anemia is an aregenerative macrocytic anemia with nuclear dysmaturity, where the nucleus appears immature relative to the cytoplasm because of impaired DNA synthesis (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • DNA synthesis is impaired in these cases because of inadequate amounts of metabolically active folate derivatives necessary for DNA base synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • By targeting electron transport chain complex 1 and independently of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) or NF-κB, metformin blocked LPS-induced and ATP-dependent mitochondrial (mt) DNA synthesis and generation of oxidized mtDNA, an NLRP3 ligand. (lu.se)
  • Using what they call DASH (DNA-based Assembly and Synthesis of Hierarchical) materials, engineers constructed a DNA material with capabilities of metabolism, in addition to self-assembly and organization -- three key traits of life. (sciencedaily.com)
  • 1990. Cell replication and unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) activity of low molecular weight chlorinated paraffins in the rat liver in vivo. (cdc.gov)
  • Oligonucleotides synthesis takes place technologically to give services to different end-users or independently by means of DNA synthesizers for self-utilization. (maximizemarketresearch.com)
  • Recent developments in the market for oligonucleotide synthesis: In March 2018, Danaher Corporation publicized that they have acquired Integrated DNA Technologies. (maximizemarketresearch.com)
  • Partial inhibition of DNA synthesis occurs at anisomycin concentrations that effect 95% inhibition of protein synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anisomycin interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because of anisomycin's wide use as a protein synthesis inhibitor, there have been many studies centered on the biosynthesis of anisomycin. (wikipedia.org)
  • some compounds in this group may also inhibit carotenoid biosynthesis (fluometuron) or synthesis of anthocyanin, RNA, and proteins (propanil), as well as effects on the plasmalemma (propanil) (Devine et al. (weedscience.org)
  • Benzofuranes (WSSA Group 16), chlorocarbonic acids (Group 26), phosphorodithioates (Group 8), and thiocarbamates (Group 8) are examples of herbicides that are known inhibitors of several plant processes including: 1) biosynthesis of fatty acids and lipids which may account for reported reductions in cuticular wax deposition, 2) biosynthesis of proteins, isoprenoids (including gibberellins), and flavonoids (including anthocyanins), and 3) gibberellin synthesis inhibition which may result from the inhibition of kaurene synthesis. (weedscience.org)
  • Inhibition of DNA synthesis by chromium compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • The effects of hexavalent and trivalent chromium (7440473) (Cr) on DNA synthesis were studied in-vitro. (cdc.gov)
  • The effects on DNA synthesis were evaluated by measuring uptake of tritium labeled thymidine. (cdc.gov)
  • The effects on DNA synthesis were determined as before. (cdc.gov)
  • Cr+6 caused a dose dependent inhibition of DNA synthesis in intact L-cells. (cdc.gov)
  • The inhibitory effect was irreversible as removal of the Cr+6 from the medium did not result in the level of DNA synthesis returning to the control value. (cdc.gov)
  • Cr+3 did not inhibit DNA synthesis. (cdc.gov)
  • Both Cr+3 and Cr+6 inhibited DNA synthesis to about the same extent in Triton-X-100 permeabilized cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Cr+3 inhibited DNA synthesis in the DNA/DNA-polymerase system biphasically. (cdc.gov)
  • Cr+6 caused a weak monophasic inhibition of DNA synthesis. (cdc.gov)
  • Biosynthesis and biodegradation are key elements of self-sustainability and require metabolism to maintain its form and functions. (sciencedaily.com)
  • L-MethylFolate efficiently supports methylation , DNA biosynthesis, homocysteine metabolism, and nervous system function. (brainchildnutritionals.com)
  • A system consisting of 100 micrograms per milliliter calf thymus DNA plus 2 to 40 units per milliliter DNA- polymerase was incubated with up to 20mM potassium-dichromate or chromic-chloride. (cdc.gov)
  • Increasing the concentration of DNA-polymerase in the system reversed the inhibitory effect of Cr+6, but not that of Cr+3. (cdc.gov)
  • Taxol biosynthesis is significantly regulated by jasmonate acid (JA), one of the most important endogenous hormones in land plants. (frontiersin.org)
  • All these results revealed that TcMYC2a can regulate taxol biosynthesis either directly or via ERF regulators depending on JA signaling transduction. (frontiersin.org)
  • Transcription regulation of taxol biosynthesis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Jasmonate acid (JA) is a vital endogenous hormone that regulates taxol biosynthesis and other biological processes, especially (a)biotic stress tolerance in various plants ( Roberts, 2001 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The EU-funded Taxol biosynthesis project proposes a new method to improve the biosynthetic rate of taxol in fungi. (europa.eu)
  • Genetic engineers find ways to modify the DNA of organisms to create a desired trait or protein, such as making a crop resistant to a certain herbicide or making bacteria that create human insulin. (teachengineering.org)
  • Inhibitors of protein biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Download DNA or protein sequence, view genomic context and coordinates. (yeastgenome.org)
  • LOCUS CRU15556 2249 bp DNA PLN 27-SEP-1995 DEFINITION Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast cytochrome c biosynthesis 40 kDa protein (ycf5) gene, complete cds. (bio.net)
  • Our lab studies the roles of lipid biosynthesis in this process, using pharmacological, genetic, and molecular approaches. (csun.edu)
  • Lipid biosynthesis is essential for cell viability and bacterial fatty acid synthetic enzymes have been suggested as antibiotic targets. (csun.edu)
  • p)ppGpp modulates cell size and the initiation of DNA replication in Caulobacter crescentus in response to a block in lipid biosynthesis. (csun.edu)
  • In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined to form macromolecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds. (wikipedia.org)
  • Biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) is required for anchoring proteins to the plasma membrane, and is essential for the integrity of the fungal cell wall. (nature.com)
  • GPI biosynthesis is a conserved process, required for anchoring proteins to the plasma membrane of fungi and thus essential for the integrity of the fungal cell wall in yeasts and molds 4 . (nature.com)
  • As a class, students work through an example showing how DNA provides the "recipe" for making human body proteins. (teachengineering.org)
  • Once it was discovered that DNA contains the instructions for making cells and proteins, the way was open for many diverse engineering applications. (teachengineering.org)
  • Usually DNA remains as a giant molecule packed in the cells nucleus and is composed of proteins in the chromatin fibers. (scialert.net)
  • Major genomic deletions in independent eukaryotic lineages have led to repeated ancestral loss of biosynthesis pathways for nine of the twenty canonical amino acids. (elifesciences.org)
  • Previous studies have highlighted that EAA biosynthesis tends to be more energetically costly, raising the possibility that these pathways were lost from organisms with access to abundant EAAs. (elifesciences.org)
  • Whole genome sequencing across the tree of life has revealed the surprising observation that nine essential amino acid (EAA) biosynthesis pathways are missing from the metazoan lineage ( Payne and Loomis, 2006 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Generally, TAG biosynthesis takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum, and TAG assembly can be divided into acyl-CoA-dependent and acyl-CoA independent pathways [10]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Describe DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). (teachengineering.org)
  • Funk and co-investigators localized COX-1 to 9q32-q33.3 via somatic hybrid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis. (medscape.com)
  • Although its pyrrolidine-based structure suggests that it is derived from proline, the results from the experiments indicated that tyrosine, glycine, methionine, and acetate are the primary precursors for the biosynthesis of anisomycin. (wikipedia.org)
  • We propose to biosynthesis de novo of fungal taxol® production by the regulation of transcription factors (TFs). (europa.eu)
  • The compound targets the catalytic subunit Spt14 (also referred to as Gpi3) of the fungal UDP-glycosyltransferase, the first step in GPI biosynthesis, with good selectivity over the human functional homolog PIG-A. Jawsamycin displays antifungal activity in vitro against several pathogenic fungi including Mucorales, and in vivo in a mouse model of invasive pulmonary mucormycosis due to Rhyzopus delemar infection. (nature.com)
  • Genomic characterization predicted specific genomic islands highly associated with virulence, transcriptional regulation, and DNA restriction-modification systems. (frontiersin.org)
  • In molecular biology, biosynthesis is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. (nih.gov)
  • In higher plants and microalgae, there are four major groups of DGATs: (1) the membrane bound form of DGAT1, (2) the membrane bound form of DGAT2 sharing low sequence similarity with DGAT1, (3) the soluble type of DGAT3, which is localized in the cytosol, and (4) the dual function of WS/DGAT, which possesses both wax ester and TAG biosynthesis activities [12-18]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Starting from a 55-nucleotide base seed sequence, the DNA molecules were multiplied hundreds of thousands times, creating chains of repeating DNA a few millimeters in size. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Reconstruction of short DNA sequence reads generated by next-generation sequencing requires a read alignment method that reconstructs a reference genome. (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, using sequence analysis of human genomic DNA, researchers concluded that the amino acids important for catalysis by COX-1 are conserved and are equally important for catalysis by COX-2. (medscape.com)
  • In February 2021, Integrated DNA Technologies announced that they have acquired GeneWorks Pty Ltd. The main goal of the acquisition is to expand its business in the Asia- Pacific regions. (maximizemarketresearch.com)
  • July 15, 2020 Scientists have constructed ''DNA droplets'' comprising designed DNA nanostructures. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Biosynthesis occurs due to a series of chemical reactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Motile swarmer cells can not undergo DNA replication until they differentiate into stationary stalked cells. (csun.edu)
  • Stalked cells are competent for DNA replication and cell division. (csun.edu)
  • 2012. The Caulobacter crescentus ctrA P1 promoter is essential for the coordination of cell cycle events that prevent the overinitiation of DNA replication. (csun.edu)
  • Genetic engineering involves modifying the structure of DNA to produce novel genetic make-ups. (teachengineering.org)
  • Interaction between the collagen and DNA leads to destruction of the hydration shell of the triple helix and stabilization of the double helix structure. (scialert.net)
  • According to the molecular model (Mrevlishvili and Svintradze, 2005b) DNA containing well-arranged phosphate groups helps to make this complex and these groups and water layers play key roles during collagen-DNA ordered aggregation in aqueous solution. (scialert.net)
  • However, during some pathological processes, in particular, during collagen diseases, DNA is released from the nucleus and is placed in the matrix between the cells-in the connective tissue (Poverenny, 1968). (scialert.net)
  • Through this system, DNA molecules are synthesized and assembled into patterns in a hierarchical way, resulting in something that can perpetuate a dynamic, autonomous process of growth and decay. (sciencedaily.com)
  • MYC2 is one of the key regulators of JA signal transfer and the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites. (frontiersin.org)
  • The present study demonstrated the one example of biologically important and molecular self-assembly system is a collagen-DNA ordered aggregates which spontaneously forms in aqueous solution. (scialert.net)
  • According to molecular biology data, the assembly of the complex between collagen and DNA determines the stability of DNA against the nucleases and indicates a development of autoimmune reaction (Poverenny, 1968). (scialert.net)
  • Mrevlishvili and Svintradze (2005a, b) is demonstrated that one example of biological important and molecular self-assembly complex system is the collagen-DNA ordered aggregate which is spontaneously formed in aqueous solution. (scialert.net)
  • Unusual thought to be involved in the biosynthesis of dTDP-Fuc3NAc. (conferencedequebec.org)
  • Such extraordinary complex induces distraction hydration shell of collagen triple helix, stabilization hydration shell of ds-DNA, stability of DNA against the nucleases and this complex between collagen and DNA determines unusual properties of collagen fibers. (scialert.net)
  • The cell recognizes the shape of DNA-collagen complex, and effectively takes up complexes of certain shapes. (scialert.net)
  • Stock, S. P., Campbell, J. F. & Nadler, S. A. Phylogeny of Steinernema travassos, 1927 (Cephalobina: Steinernematidae) inferred from ribosomal DNA sequences and morphological characters. (nature.com)
  • It was noted that deacetylanisomycin was a prominent product in the first few days of fermentation, suggesting that acetylation of the C-3 hydroxyl group by acetyl Co-A is the final step in the biosynthesis of anisomycin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Students extend their knowledge by conducting the associated activities to learn ways that engineers and scientists are applying their understanding of DNA in our world. (teachengineering.org)
  • This project offer de nova interactions between the TFs and the TB gene promoters, which results of DNA binding cis-elements. (europa.eu)
  • These results suggest that DNA not only absorbs to collagen but induces the extraordinary fibrillogenesis of collagen. (scialert.net)
  • DNA binds to collagen directly to form DNA-collagen complex. (scialert.net)