• Increased PG biosynthesis in males was accompanied by elevated cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression connected to increased nuclear factor-kappa B activation, and was abolished when LT synthesis was pharmacologically blocked, suggesting that elevated PG production in males might be caused by increased COX-2 expression and by shunting phenomena due to suppressed LT formation. (unisa.it)
  • It inhibits inflammatory reactions and pain by decreasing the activity of cyclooxygenase, which is responsible for prostaglandin synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • Flurbiprofen may inhibit cyclooxygenase, thereby inhibiting prostaglandin biosynthesis. (medscape.com)
  • Cyclooxygenase conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin H2 (PGH2). (medscape.com)
  • It is thought to inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is essential in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. (nih.gov)
  • 0.05) of cyclooxygenase 2 ( cox2 ), which is the rate-limiting enzyme involved in PG biosynthesis, and itr1 by AVT and IT. (frontiersin.org)
  • 2 The constitutive cyclooxygenase, COX-1, synthesizes prostaglandins necessary for normal gastrointestinal and renal function. (drugs.com)
  • The inducible cyclooxygenase, COX-2, generates prostaglandins involved in inflammation. (drugs.com)
  • Their mechanisms of action are unknown, but they may inhibit cyclooxygenase activity and prostaglandin synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • Cyclooxygenase-2, which plays a key role in the biosynthesis of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), is often up-regulated in CRC and in other types of cancer. (lu.se)
  • Cyclooxygenase-2, which plays a key role in the biosynthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), is often up-regulated in CRC and in other types of cancer. (lu.se)
  • Prostaglandins have been shown in many animal models to be mediators of certain kinds of intraocular inflammation. (nih.gov)
  • Resolution of inflammation involves the time-dependent biosynthesis of lipid mediators (LMs) - in particular, specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). (cdc.gov)
  • It has been suggested that endogenous factors might contribute to the rapid progression of periodontal breakdown such as inappropriate regulation of enzymes, lipid mediators, collagen biosynthesis or T cell immunodeficiency. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, COX - also known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), fatty acid COX, prostaglandin H (PGH) synthase, and EC 1.14.99.1 - is implicated in the production of fever, inflammation, and pain. (medscape.com)
  • These findings support a mechanism by which persistent ENM-induced neutrophilic inflammation is actively resolved through time-dependent polarization of macrophages and enhanced biosynthesis of specialized LMs via distinct ALOX pathways. (cdc.gov)
  • Such glucocorticosteroids induce the synthesis of a substance that inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This agent inhibits prostaglandin synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • It inhibits inflammatory reactions and pain by decreasing prostaglandin synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • 5-9 Data also indicate that Carprofen inhibits the production of osteoclast-activating factor (OAF), PGE 1 , and PGE 2 by its inhibitory effects on prostaglandin biosynthesis. (drugs.com)
  • Indomethacin (IM) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug which inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis. (scite.ai)
  • Their mechanism of action may be inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase (COX) activity and prostaglandin synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • These include the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis (Tseng et al. (sinica.edu.tw)
  • 0.1 mM) effectively eliminated the inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis caused by corticotropin and progesterone. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis by dexamethasone in the presence or absence of metyrapone was concentration dependent and 50% inhibition could be demonstrated at 1 nM. (elsevierpure.com)
  • 1 μM) significantly reduced the inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis effected by dexamethasone (10 nM). (elsevierpure.com)
  • In turn, PGH2 is converted to biologically active products (ie, prostaglandin E 2 [PGE2]) by individual synthase and reductase reactions. (medscape.com)
  • The product of this enzyme, the proinflammatory eicosanoid prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), stimulates adipose tissue aromatase expression and subsequent estrogen production, which could promote breast cancer progression. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor 3 (EP3) regulates tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in numerous cancers. (oncotarget.com)
  • Both ENMs induced high levels of proinflammatory leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) with peaks at day 1, and high levels of SPMs resolvin D1 (RvD1) and E1 (RvE1) with peaks at day 7. (cdc.gov)
  • Consistent with M1 polarization, the MWCNTs induced the production and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor- and interleukin-1, and proinflammatory LMs leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). (cdc.gov)
  • By 1964, after recognition of this basic structure, Bergstrom and colleagues successfully synthesized series 2 prostaglandins from arachidonic acid using sheep seminal fluid. (medscape.com)
  • Their distinct biosynthetic activity includes an endoperoxidase synthase reaction that oxygenates and cyclizes polyunsaturated fatty acid precursors (eg, arachidonic acid) to form prostaglandin G 2 (PGG2), and a peroxidase reaction that converts PGG2 to prostaglandin H 2 (PGH2), as shown below. (medscape.com)
  • He localized the biologic activity to a fraction of lipid soluble acids that he termed "prostaglandin," hypothesizing that these substances originate in the prostate gland. (medscape.com)
  • The two inhibitors of prostaglandin biosynthesis were isolated from the root of Arnebia euchroma (Boraginaceae). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Since their discovery in the mid 1930s as potent bioactive compounds in human semen ( 1 ), prostaglandins and their relatives have fascinated several generations of scientists. (jci.org)
  • Bioactive Compounds Biosynthesis, Characterization and Applicatio. (intechopen.com)
  • In a previous study, it was demonstrated that HA induces distinct venule dilatation closely associated with vasodilating prostaglandins generated by cyclo-oxygenase (COX), but not by nitric oxide (NO), in intact rat lung 4 . (ersjournals.com)
  • However, their production is stimulated in human eosinophils by physiological agonists such as prostaglandin D2, leukotriene C4, and interleukin 5. (wikipedia.org)
  • Conclusively, our data reveal that the biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory PGs and LTs is conversely regulated by sex with consequences for the inflammatory response. (unisa.it)
  • Carprofen has also been shown to inhibit the release of several prostaglandins in two inflammatory cell systems: rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and human rheumatoid synovial cells, indicating inhibition of acute (PMN system) and chronic (synovial cell system) inflammatory reactions. (drugs.com)
  • It is also involved in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids from the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), LINOLEIC ACID (LA), and ALPHA LINOLENIC ACID (ALA) precursors and plays an important role in the metabolism of inflammatory lipids including PROSTAGLANDIN E2. (bvsalud.org)
  • Progesterone (1 μM), cortisol (1 μM), and dexamethasone (1 μM) inhibited prostaglandin biosynthesis whereas estradiol (1 μM) did not. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Estradiol and mTORC2 cooperate to enhance prostaglandin biosynthesis and tumorigenesis in TSC2-deficient LAM cells. (uc.edu)
  • We demonstrated superior LT biosynthesis in human neutrophils and monocytes, and in mouse macrophages from females, and we confirmed these sex differences in vivo where female mice produced more LTs during zymosan-induced peritonitis versus males. (unisa.it)
  • Polarization of macrophages in vitro differentially induced ALOX5AP in M1 macrophages or ALOX15 in M2 macrophages resulting in increased preferential biosynthesis of proinflammatory LMs or SPMs. (cdc.gov)
  • Bergström stated in his 1982 Nobel lecture that, following the structural assignments of the six PGs, "These 20-carbon prostaglandins have cis -double bonds located as in certain essential fatty acids, when counting from the carboxyl. (jci.org)
  • Two decades later, the prostaglandins were deduced to be a family of related compounds that contain 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids with a cyclopentane ring, as depicted below. (medscape.com)
  • Here, we use lipidomics strategies to test the hypotheses that mating immediately activates the biosynthesis and/or metabolism of eCBs and PGs and that specific mating strategies differentially regulate these lipids in the brain. (hindawi.com)
  • Human fetal adrenal (HFA) tissue was maintained in organ culture to evaluate the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and hormonal regulation of prostaglandin formation by this tissue. (elsevierpure.com)
  • However, the physiologic significance of prostaglandin production did not unfold until 1971, when Vane, Smith, and Willis discovered that aspirin and indomethacin inhibited prostaglandin biosynthesis. (medscape.com)
  • These findings suggest that prostaglandin biosynthesis in the HFA gland is regulated by endogenously synthesized glucocorticosteroids, the actions of which are mediated by a glucocorticosteroid receptor. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The findings suggest that AVT promotes PG biosynthesis via ITR and that PGF 2a induces delivery behavior in ovoviviparous guppies. (frontiersin.org)
  • Likewise, prostaglandins (PGs) drive sexual differentiation and initiation of ovulation. (hindawi.com)
  • The effects of HCG and prostaglandins on ovulation, cAMP and steroidogenesis in the rat pre-ovulatory ovarian follicle / by Betty Mukatimui Munalula. (who.int)
  • IRE1α-XBP1 signaling in leukocytes controls prostaglandin biosynthesis and pain. (nih.gov)
  • The Δ4-desaturation pathway for DHA biosynthesis is operative in the human species: differences between normal controls and children with the Zellweger syndrome. (springer.com)
  • In the present study, ovoviviparous guppies ( Poecilia reticulata ) were used to study the effect of AVT on delivery mediated by the activation of prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis via isotocin (IT) receptors (ITRs). (frontiersin.org)
  • In studies performed in animal eyes, prostaglandins have been shown to produce disruption of the blood-aqueous humor barrier, vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, leukocytosis, and increased intraocular pressure. (nih.gov)