Luis Leloir was born in the shadow of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris and went on to achieve greatness and crucial insights in sugar metabolism and glycogen biosynthesis. (novapublishers.com)
The many biochemical reactions catalyzed by PLP-dependent enzymes are involved in essential biological processes, such as hemoglobin and amino acid biosynthesis, as well as fatty acid metabolism . (oregonstate.edu)
Pentose phospha1
The switch from photosynthesis and glycogen storage to glycogen depletion is associated with a redistribution of fluxes from the Entner-Doudoroff to the Pentose Phosphate pathway. (biorxiv.org)
Synthesis5
Inasmuch as norepinephrine is far less potent than epinephrine in accelerating the breakdown of glycogen, the impairment in epinephrine synthesis caused by pituitary insufficiency may be related to the insulin sensitivity that often characterizes this disease. (aspetjournals.org)
however, the breakdown of muscle glycogen impedes muscle glucose uptake from the blood, thereby increasing the amount of blood glucose available for use in other tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Liver glycogen stores serve as a store of glucose for use throughout the body, particularly the central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
Glycogen is found in the form of granules in the cytosol/cytoplasm in many cell types, and plays an important role in the glucose cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Glycogen forms an energy reserve that can be quickly mobilized to meet a sudden need for glucose, but one that is less compact than the energy reserves of triglycerides (lipids). (wikipedia.org)
Glycogen is a branched biopolymer consisting of linear chains of glucose residues with an average chain length of approximately 8-12 glucose units and 2,000-60,000 residues per one molecule of glycogen. (wikipedia.org)
Each glycogen is essentially a ball of glucose trees, with around 12 layers, centered on a glycogenin protein, with three kinds of glucose chains: A, B, and C. There is only one C-chain, attached to the glycogenin. (wikipedia.org)
Glycogen is a non-osmotic molecule, so it can be used as a solution to storing glucose in the cell without disrupting osmotic pressure. (wikipedia.org)
Using selected incubation conditions we have identified intermediate steps, between the first glucose transferred to protein and the appropriate substrate for glycogen synthase. (uba.ar)
The reaction is the rate-limiting reaction in prokaryotic GLYCOGEN and plant STARCH biosynthesis. (wakehealth.edu)
Enzyme1
An enzyme called deiodinase removes iodide from the inactive monoiodothyronine and diiodothyronine molecules in the thyroid, which restores most of the iodide used in the biosynthesis of T4 and T3. (medscape.com)
Hydrolysis2
The evidence at the time suggested glgE coded for a glucanase responsible for the hydrolysis of glycogen, in stark contrast with recent evidence showing GlgE to be a polymerase responsible for its biosynthesis. (jic.ac.uk)
A group of low-molecular-weight carbohydrates produced by the hydrolysis of STARCH or GLYCOGEN. (bvsalud.org)
Degradation of Nucleotides1
16- Biosynthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides. (books-express.ro)
In humans, glycogen is made and stored primarily in the cells of the liver and skeletal muscle. (wikipedia.org)
In the liver, glycogen can make up 5-6% of the organ's fresh weight: the liver of an adult, weighing 1.5 kg, can store roughly 100-120 grams of glycogen. (wikipedia.org)
Glycogen in muscle, liver, and fat cells is stored in a hydrated form, composed of three or four parts of water per part of glycogen associated with 0.45 millimoles (18 mg) of potassium per gram of glycogen. (wikipedia.org)
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver are known as statins. (medscape.com)
Pathway1
Background - The bacterial GlgE pathway is the third known route to glycogen and is the only one present in mycobacteria. (jic.ac.uk)
Metabolic1
The amount of glycogen stored in the body mostly depends on oxidative type 1 fibres, physical training, basal metabolic rate, and eating habits. (wikipedia.org)
Cholesterol2
24.Describe about the degradation and biosynthesis of Cholesterol. (firstranker.com)
49.Discuss in detail about the biosynthesis of Cholesterol. (firstranker.com)
Muscle9
In skeletal muscle, glycogen is found in a low concentration (1-2% of the muscle mass): the skeletal muscle of an adult weighing 70 kg stores roughly 400 grams of glycogen. (wikipedia.org)
Different levels of resting muscle glycogen are reached by changing the number of glycogen particles, rather than increasing the size of existing particles though most glycogen particles at rest are smaller than their theoretical maximum. (wikipedia.org)
We investigated the genotype-phenotype correlation in three such adult patients and measured the GAA activity as well as the glycogen content in muscle and fibroblasts in order to better understand the clinical course. (eur.nl)
Methods: DNA was sequenced and GAA activity and glycogen content were measured in leukocytes, fibroblasts and muscle. (eur.nl)
Muscle biopsies were microscopically analyzed and the biosynthesis of GAA in fibroblasts was analyzed by immunoblotting. (eur.nl)
GAA activity and glycogen content in fibroblasts and muscle tissue in healthy controls, adult patients with Pompe disease and classic-infantile patients were compared with those of the three index patients. (eur.nl)
In all three cases the GAA activity and the glycogen content in fibroblasts were within the same range as in classic-infantile Pompe disease, but the activity and glycogen content in muscle were both within the adult range. (eur.nl)
G can have very low GAA activity in fibroblasts but express higher activity in muscle and store less glycogen in muscle than patients with classic-infantile Pompe disease. (eur.nl)
Development of a transformation system for Chlamydia trachomatis : restoration of glycogen biosynthesis by acquisition of a plasmid shuttle vector. (com.pk)
Carbon2
In this revised model ( i SO595), we decoupled glycogen biosynthesis/degradation from growth, thus enabling dynamic allocation of carbon storage. (biorxiv.org)
Both strains produced exopolysaccharides during stationary phase, probably with intracellularly stored glycogen as energy and carbon source. (tudelft.nl)
Gene2
The involvement of GlgE in glycogen biosynthesis was discovered twenty years ago when the phenotype of a temperature-sensitive Mycobacterium smegmatis mutation was rescued by the glgE gene. (jic.ac.uk)
Strain F21 T encoded three putative glycosaminoglycan sulfotransferases and a putative sulfate glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis gene cluster. (tudelft.nl)
Brain1
Small amounts of glycogen are also found in other tissues and cells, including the kidneys, red blood cells, white blood cells, and glial cells in the brain. (wikipedia.org)
Functions1
Glycogen functions as one of two forms of energy reserves, glycogen being for short-term and the other form being triglyceride stores in adipose tissue (i.e., body fat) for long-term storage. (wikipedia.org)
Factors1
These depend on several factors, including nutrient availability, light intensity and glycogen storage. (biorxiv.org)
Formation1
Tolmasky, D.S. Further studies on the primer formation for glycogen biosynthesis in rat heart. (uba.ar)
Storage1
By using random sampling in the ensuing flux space, we found that storage of glycogen or exudation of organic acids are favored when the growth is nitrogen limited, while exudation of amino acids becomes more likely when phosphate is the limiting resource. (biorxiv.org)
Found1
We next used COMETS to simulate day-night cycles and found that the model displays dynamic glycogen allocation and exudation of organic acids. (biorxiv.org)
Original2
The original "Glycogen Initiator" implies at present two enzymatic activities, Glycogen Initiator 1 (activated by Mn2+) and Glycogen Initiator 2 (inhibited by Mn2+). (uba.ar)
The glycogen assay used in the original study was shown to give a false positive result with a-maltose-1-phosphate. (jic.ac.uk)
Model1
Based on these observations the model we proposed earlier for glycogen biogenesis is modified. (uba.ar)
Production1
These agents reduce production of uric acid without disrupting the biosynthesis of vital purines. (medscape.com)