Biomass commonly hexose sugars into bacteria. Medical search. Frequent questions

Fermentation of cellulosic biomass goes through an atypical glycolytic pathway in this thermophilic bacterium, with various glycolytic enzymes capable of utilizing different phosphate donors, including GTP and inorganic pyrophosphate (PP i ), in addition to or in place of the usual ATP. (biomedcentral.com)

Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 is a candidate for ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass using consolidated bioprocessing. (biomedcentral.com)

Increasing environmental and policy concerns and measures have generated increasing interest in the use of biomass resources as renewable feedstock for electricity generation, fuel production, chemical processing, and hydrogen production [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Biomass is a renewable, unevenly geographically distributed resource that can be consid-ered sustainable and carbon-neutral if properly managed. (banksolar.ru)

Aerobic fermentation or aerobic glycolysis is a metabolic process by which cells metabolize sugars via fermentation in the presence of oxygen and occurs through the repression of normal respiratory metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
While aerobic fermentation does not produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in high yield, it allows proliferating cells to convert nutrients such as glucose and glutamine more efficiently into biomass by avoiding unnecessary catabolic oxidation of such nutrients into carbon dioxide, preserving carbon-carbon bonds and promoting anabolism. (wikipedia.org)
The Crabtree effect is a regulatory system whereby respiration is repressed by fermentation, except in low sugar conditions. (wikipedia.org)
When Saccharomyces cerevisiae is grown below the sugar threshold and undergoes a respiration metabolism, the fermentation pathway is still fully expressed, while the respiration pathway is only expressed relative to the sugar availability. (wikipedia.org)
The evolution of aerobic fermentation likely involved multiple successive molecular steps, which included the expansion of hexose transporter genes, copy number variation (CNV) and differential expression in metabolic genes, and regulatory reprogramming. (wikipedia.org)
The origin of aerobic fermentation, or the first step, in Saccharomyces Crabtree-positive yeasts likely occurred in the interval between the ability to grow under anaerobic conditions, horizontal transfer of anaerobic DHODase (encoded by URA1 with bacteria), and the loss of respiratory chain Complex I. A more pronounced Crabtree effect, the second step, likely occurred near the time of the WGD event. (wikipedia.org)
The ability of S. cerevisiae to dominate in high sugar environments evolved more recently than aerobic fermentation and is dependent on the type of high-sugar environment. (wikipedia.org)
Alternatively, processes using cellulolytic microorganisms (such as C. cellulolyticum, C. thermocellum, and C. phytofermentans) to carry out both the hydrolysis of lignocelluloses and sugar fermentation in a single step, termed 'Consolidated Bioprocessing Process (CBP)' [ 12 ] have been proposed, how-ever the development of these is still at an early stage, and again low conversion rates seem to be a major limitation that needs to be overcome. (banksolar.ru)
Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) fermentation can be a simple technology to increase the content of phenolic compounds, as well as the antioxidant activity of plant material. (bvsalud.org)

Producing a toxic compound, like ethanol, can slow the growth of bacteria, allowing the yeast to be more competitive. (wikipedia.org)
However, the yeast still had to use a portion of the sugar it consumes to produce ethanol. (wikipedia.org)
Crabtree-positive yeasts also have increased glycolytic flow, or increased uptake of glucose and conversion to pyruvate, which compensates for using a portion of the glucose to produce ethanol rather than biomass. (wikipedia.org)
as well as the highest solubilization percentage of minimally pretreated mid-season switchgrass in comparison to other organisms[ 7 ], while fermenting the derived sugars to ethanol and acetate plus hydrogen (H 2 ) [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In our contribution, we discuss the potential, the advances and the limitation of the coupled isotope approach based on leaf wax-derived n -alkane and hemicellulose-derived sugar biomarkers (δ 2 H n -alkanes - δ 18 O sugars ). (copernicus.org)
Biomass consists of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and the latter of which is extremely resistant to degradation. (banksolar.ru)

These findings along with previous proteomic data suggest that Pfp, plays a role in both glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, while PfkA and PfkB may phosphorylate sugars in glycolysis but is responsible for sugar metabolism elsewhere under conditions outside of growth on sufficient cellobiose. (biomedcentral.com)

These arguments have stimulated the search for so-called second generation biofuels, which utilize non-food lignocellulose biomass such as wood, dedicated energy crops, agricultural residues and municipal solid wastes as feedstocks. (banksolar.ru)

A counter-measure against the elevation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is to strengthen the path of carbon dioxide recycling through photosynthesis and then efficiently utilize the plant biomass formed as a result. (banksolar.ru)

Azospirillum is another free-living, motile, Gram-variable, aerobic bacterium that can thrive in flooded conditions and promotes various aspects of plant growth and development. (bio-fit.eu)

Kefir is a fermented milk beverage produced by bacteria and yeasts. (bvsalud.org)

One approach to un-locking the potential in this abundant feedstock is to separate the lignin from the carbohydrate fraction of the biomass via extensive pre-treatment of the lignocellulose involving, for exam-ple, steam-explosion and/or acid hydrolysis. (banksolar.ru)

The agriculturally useful microbial populations cover plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, N 2 -fixing cyanobacteria, mycorrhiza, plant disease suppressive beneficial bacteria, stress-tolerant endophytes and biodegrading microbes. (bio-fit.eu)

In high sugar environments, S. cerevisiae outcompetes and dominants all other yeast species, except its closest relative Saccharomyces paradoxus. (wikipedia.org)
Broad in-silico modeling of microbial growth was applied on communities composed of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and different Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) species, which mainly predominate in sourdough starters. (bvsalud.org)

Only in +M plants mature berries maintained the balance of sugars to organic acids and increased the Arg-to Pro-ratio under elevated temperatures. (unav.edu)

Lb. sakei group members and S. cerevisiae through bidirectional nutrient dependencies, and further underlined that these bacteria compete with the yeast over nutrients to a lesser extent than the rest LAB species. (bvsalud.org)

Photosynthetic rates were higher under warm temperatures irrespective of mycorrhizal inoculation, but sugars and proteins in leaves decreased in -M plants under these environmental conditions. (unav.edu)
Minerals, proteins, sugars, and phenolic compounds were measured in grains of peas and faba beans, and in pods of snap beans. (unav.edu)
Under ECO2, grains of pea and faba bean increased levels of proteins and phenolics, respectively, and the sugars-to-protein ratio decreased in pods of snap beans. (unav.edu)
Recently, LC-MS/MS approaches have also been applied to the identification of proteins and proteotypic peptides of lactic acid bacteria in fermented food matrices. (bvsalud.org)

Total biomass production and waste materials in palm oil industry. (banksolar.ru)

As shown in Fig. 2,2/3 of the biomass in the oil palm indus-try is agricultural waste. (banksolar.ru)

These fruits provided an abundance of simple sugar food source for microbial communities, including both yeast and bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
These pre-treatments are designed to allow the carbohydrate portion of the biomass to be broken down into simple sugars, for example by en-zymatic hydrolysis using exogenously added cellulases to release fermentable sugars [ 12 ]. (banksolar.ru)

MALDI-TOF MS proved to be useful for the detection/identification of bacteria in clinical diagnostics and agri-food applications. (bvsalud.org)

Here we show that the ability to digest xanthan gum is common in human gut microbiomes from industrialized countries and appears contingent on a single uncultured bacterium in the family Ruminococcaceae. (nature.com)

However, as shown in Fig.2, oil is only 1/3 of the total biomass of the tree. (banksolar.ru)

Third, biological conversions are commonly more specific due to high enzy-matic specificities, resulting in higher product yield with the formation of fewer by-products. (banksolar.ru)

Cellulose is a chain of monomers of d -glucose linked to each other by linear β (1-4) linkage constituting 20-50% of the plant biomass. (springeropen.com)
Lignin has an aromatic and amorphous nature constituting 18-35% of plant biomass. (springeropen.com)
In nature plant biomass is the main carbon source for many fungal species. (biomedcentral.com)

Hemicellulose is assembled from diverse polymers of short chains of polysaccharide molecules constituting 15-35% of lignocellulose biomass. (springeropen.com)
However, these biomass resources are naturally recalcitrant that carbohydrates of cellulose and hemicellulose are closely associated with lignin in the plant cell wall. (springeropen.com)

This opened research opportunities for searching alternate renewable energy sources especially biofuel production from lignocellulose biomass resources. (springeropen.com)
The cost of biofuel production from lignocellulose biomass is currently expensive. (springeropen.com)
Searching for the best microbial strains having efficient lignin-degrading and polysaccharide-hydrolyzing capabilities is vital to realize industrial-scale biofuel production from lignocellulose biomass. (springeropen.com)
Process optimization along with genetic engineering of microorganisms is seen as a potential for biofuel production from lignocellulose biomass. (springeropen.com)
Biofuel production from microalgae has been receiving attention as an alternative energy source due to its high biomass productivity and minimal land resource requirement. (hindawi.com)

They are composed of monomers of five different sugars (i.e., d -xylose, l -arabinose, d -galactose, d -mannose, and d -glucose). (springeropen.com)
While aerobic fermentation does not produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in high yield, it allows proliferating cells to convert nutrients such as glucose and glutamine more efficiently into biomass by avoiding unnecessary catabolic oxidation of such nutrients into carbon dioxide, preserving carbon-carbon bonds and promoting anabolism. (wikipedia.org)
They obtain their main source of carbon from hexose (six-carbon) sugars such as glucose , or disaccharides such as sucrose and maltose . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
1996). Glucose and fructose are the major sugars in berry and grape-must, with concentrations ranging from 150 to 300 g l-1. (moam.info)
It can be used as an immediate food nutrient, or combined and rearranged to form monosaccharide sugars, such as glucose , which can be transported to other cells, or packaged for storage as insoluble polysaccharides such as starch . (wikidoc.org)

The origin of aerobic fermentation, or the first step, in Saccharomyces Crabtree-positive yeasts likely occurred in the interval between the ability to grow under anaerobic conditions, horizontal transfer of anaerobic DHODase (encoded by URA1 with bacteria), and the loss of respiratory chain Complex I. A more pronounced Crabtree effect, the second step, likely occurred near the time of the WGD event. (wikipedia.org)
Increased abundance of methanogenic archaea and hydrolytic bacteria indicated improved anaerobic digestion. (preprints.org)

Sucrose and other sugars, such as xylose, rhamnose and arabinose, are present in very low concentrations, and it is widely accepted that S. cerevisiae strains do not use these sugars as carbon or energy sources during alcoholic fermentation (Bisson, 1993). (moam.info)
In the Light-independent or dark reactions the enzyme RuBisCO captures CO 2 from the atmosphere and in a process that requires the newly formed NADPH, called the Calvin-Benson cycle releases three-carbon sugars which are later combined to form sucrose and starch. (wikidoc.org)

However, xylose (backbone of xylan) is a pentose sugar that is hard to ferment during biofuel conversion because microorganisms like yeast cannot ferment pentose naturally. (chromnet.net)

Currently, different types of lignocellulose biomass pretreatment technologies are available. (springeropen.com)

The main objective of this paper is to review the delignification and hydrolysis capabilities of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi). (springeropen.com)

Some species can metabolize five-carbon (pentose) sugars such as fructose , as well as alcohols and organic acids. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Their ability to ferment sugars has made them an integral component of human civilization: the yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in particular, has been used in the baking of leavened bread and the production of alcoholic beverages for thousands of years. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

These fruits provided an abundance of simple sugar food source for microbial communities, including both yeast and bacteria. (wikipedia.org)

Zymomonas mobilis is a natural ethanologenic bacterium with many desirable industrial characteristics, but it can also be severely affected by lignocellulosic hydrolysate inhibitors. (springeropen.com)
Although methods to remove inhibitors physically, chemically, or biologically may help moderate the problem of toxic compounds in lignocellulosic hydrolysates, it is not economically feasible to remove inhibitors from hydrolysate prior to fermentation due to the cost associated with additional processing steps and the potential loss of fermentable sugars (Jönsson et al. (springeropen.com)
Amylase inhibitors prevent the action of enzymes that break the glycosidic bonds of starches and other complex carbohydrates , preventing the release of simple sugars and absorption by the body. (chromnet.net)

Some of the fungi which are commonly known as mycorrhizae facilitate nutrients to more than 90% of green plants. (intechopen.com)

It was believed that the WGD was a mechanism for the development of the Crabtree effect in these species due to the duplication of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) encoding genes and hexose transporters. (wikipedia.org)
In high sugar environments, S. cerevisiae outcompetes and dominants all other yeast species, except its closest relative Saccharomyces paradoxus. (wikipedia.org)
Unlike bacteria , there are no known yeast species that grow only in the absence of oxygen (anaerobically). (newworldencyclopedia.org)

In industry, starch is often converted into sugars, for example by malting . (wikipedia.org)
In addition, sugars produced from processed starch are used in many processed foods. (wikipedia.org)

Aerobic fermentation or aerobic glycolysis is a metabolic process by which cells metabolize sugars via fermentation in the presence of oxygen and occurs through the repression of normal respiratory metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
When Saccharomyces cerevisiae is grown below the sugar threshold and undergoes a respiration metabolism, the fermentation pathway is still fully expressed, while the respiration pathway is only expressed relative to the sugar availability. (wikipedia.org)
Hence, the main purpose of this review is to shed light on how bacteria fuels microalgal metabolism or vice versa during mutualistic interactions, building upon the phycosphere which is a hotspot for chemical exchange. (bvsalud.org)
In wine, some aroma compounds arise from the must with minor or no modifications, while others are products of yeast metabolism, in particular from the sugar and nitrogen compounds initially present in the grapes. (moam.info)

Butanol can be produced anaerobically by several solventogenic bacteria belonging to the genus of Clostridium . (biomedcentral.com)

However, in fruiting bodies only hexose catabolism occurs, and no accumulation of other sugars was observed. (biomedcentral.com)

The ability of S. cerevisiae to dominate in high sugar environments evolved more recently than aerobic fermentation and is dependent on the type of high-sugar environment. (wikipedia.org)

This suggests that only hexoses or their conversion products are transported from the vegetative mycelium to the fruiting body, while the other sugars likely provide energy for growth and maintenance of the vegetative mycelium. (biomedcentral.com)

It is a complex process occurring in higher plants , phytoplankton , algae , as well as bacteria such as cyanobacteria . (wikidoc.org)

It can utilize a wide range of substrates, including low-cost sugars and industrial waste. (bvsalud.org)

Without the need to use milling to reduce phytate (including nutrient), the amount of phytic acid is commonly reduced in animal feeds by adding histidine acid phosphate type of phytases to them. (chromnet.net)

Bacteria, at that time, were able to produce biomass at a faster rate than the yeast. (wikipedia.org)

The evolution of aerobic fermentation likely involved multiple successive molecular steps, which included the expansion of hexose transporter genes, copy number variation (CNV) and differential expression in metabolic genes, and regulatory reprogramming. (wikipedia.org)

The Crabtree effect is a regulatory system whereby respiration is repressed by fermentation, except in low sugar conditions. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy2

Organisms11

Chemicals and Drugs32

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Phenomena and Processes27

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science4

Health Care12

Thermophilic bacterium1

Lignocellulosic biomass1

Renewable2

Fermentation9

Ethanol4

Hemicellulose2

Glycolysis1

Biofuels1

Efficiently1

Aerobic1

Yeasts1

Lignin1

Microbes1

Saccharomyces2

Organic1

Nutrients1

Proteins4

Production1

Agricultural1

Simple2

Food1

Single1

Shown1

High1

Plant biomass3

Hemicellulose2

Biofuel production5

Glucose5

Anaerobic2

Sucrose2

Xylose1

Pretreatment1

Hydrolysis1

Fructose1

Ferment1

Microbial1

Inhibitors3

Fungi1

Species3

Starch2

Metabolism4

Clostridium1

Occurs1

Cerevisiae1

Conversion1

Process1

Industrial1

Type1

Time1

Steps1

Conditions1