• In May-June 2019, smoke plumes from wildfires in Alberta, Canada, were advected all the way to Europe. (copernicus.org)
  • 2019), ATom: L2 Measurements from CU High-Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-AMS) , Ornl Daac , doi:10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1716. (nasa.gov)
  • The effect of smoke aerosols on TROPOMI NO2 columns (via AMFs) is estimated and these satellite columns and emission estimates are compared to aircraft observations from four different aircraft campaigns measuring biomass burning plumes in 2018 and 2019 in North America. (colorado.edu)
  • In this animation, the GEOS-FP aerosol distributions reveal several high impact events across the globe between August 2019 and January 2020. (nasa.gov)
  • Weather events including Hurricane Dorian in Aug-Sep 2019 and many other tropical cyclones around the world, along with major fire events in South America and Indonesia in Aug-Sep 2019 and extreme wildfires in Australia in Dec-2019 to Jan-2020. (nasa.gov)
  • Evaluation and intercomparison of wildfire smoke forecasts from multiple modeling systems for the 2019 Williams Flats fire. (noaa.gov)
  • Aerosol-scavenging isolation barrier mitigates exposure risk during endonasal procedures in coronavirus-2019. (utah.edu)
  • For example, it is challenging to characterize the fraction of air parcels from the stratosphere versus those from the fire because of the low sensitivity of the TES CO estimates used to mark stratospheric air versus air parcels affected by the smoke plume. (nasa.gov)
  • On March 18th, 2022, researchers published a paper in the journal One Earth detailing how brown carbon produced by burning biomass in the northern hemisphere is hastening Arctic warming and warning that this might lead to even more wildfires in the future. (azocleantech.com)
  • 2022) Brown carbon from biomass burning imposes strong circum-Arctic warming. (azocleantech.com)
  • 2022), Analysis of MONARC and ACTIVATE Airborne Aerosol Data for Aerosol-Cloud Interaction Investigations: Efficacy of Stairstepping Flight Legs for Airborne In Situ Sampling , [email protected] ([email protected] (A.S., 13 , 1242, doi:10.3390/atmos13081242. (nasa.gov)
  • Additionally, strong absorption was sometimes observed at short wavelengths with much lower single scattering albedo at 440 nm compared to 675 nm in some plumes consistent with significant brown carbon (BrC) and/or coated black carbon (BC) absorption in biomass burning particles. (frames.gov)
  • This project proposes a laboratory study to probe the aging of biomass burning organic aerosol particles under different environmental conditions. (noaa.gov)
  • Compare this to the smoke plumes from the forest fire near Haifa where the reflection strongly decreases with increasing wave length, suggesting a Rayleigh-scattering regime and due to much smaller smoke particles. (eumetsat.int)
  • 2000): "... that both biomass and fossil fuel combustion contribute to the carbonaceous particles, including light absorbing black carbon. (eumetsat.int)
  • But burning biomass does not appear to be a dominant source of these chemical pollutants, and the major findings of the study involved the fine particles. (treesource.org)
  • A detailed set of emission factors (EFs) for 25 trace gases and 6 components of submicron particulate matter (PM1) was reported for the agricultural fires located in the southeastern U.S. Observed EFs are generally consistent with previous measurements of crop residue burning, but the fires studied here emitted high amounts of oxygenated volatile organic compounds, sulfur dioxide, and fine particles. (gatech.edu)
  • An atmospheric scientist has flown on planes outfitted with high tech equipment through wildfire plumes and over the ocean, and has visited stations all over the globe to observe aerosols and understand the potentially big impact these suspensions of tiny particles can have on climate. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Art Sedlacek, an atmospheric scientist at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory, has gone to extreme lengths to study aerosols -- tiny particles emitted from factories, forest fires, car exhaust, and sometimes from natural sources. (sciencedaily.com)
  • He has flown on planes outfitted with high tech equipment through wildfire plumes and over the ocean, and has visited stations all over the globe to observe these particles and understand their potentially big impact on climate. (sciencedaily.com)
  • For some people, the term "aerosol" refers to the propellant in a spray can -- because substances like hairspray and spray paint come out of those cans as a mist of small particles. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Scientists define an aerosol as a suspension of particles in the atmosphere. (sciencedaily.com)
  • For example, Sedlacek explains, aerosols can form naturally when pine trees release a chemical called alpha-pinene, an oil that condenses into particles that can be seen suspended as a haze -- for example, above the Smoky Mountains (giving them their name). (sciencedaily.com)
  • Other types of aerosol particles form during combustion or other industrial processes in factories and car engines, from burning biomass (such as trees and brush) to clear land for agriculture, and even in cooking fires. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Other aerosol particles, termed "black carbon" and "brown carbon" -- typically created from wildfires, industrial processes, and car exhaust -- can both scatter and absorb light from the sun. (sciencedaily.com)
  • With aerosol particles both reflecting and absorbing light, it becomes challenging to quantify their net effect on the climate system. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Cloud drops form when water condenses on aerosol particles, explains Ernie Lewis, another atmospheric scientist at Brookhaven Lab. (sciencedaily.com)
  • An immense aerosol cloud regularly swirls over India, China and Southeast Asia, fed by particles of ash, soot and organic carbon compounds. (mongabay.com)
  • The way small particles evolve inside that smoke offers crucial clues to understanding the role wildfires may play in climate change. (bnl.gov)
  • We flew back and forth across multi-mile plumes, tracking single sets of particles as shifting winds moved them through the sky. (bnl.gov)
  • Although impacts are felt in the U.S., most large-scale aerial studies of plume particles have been conducted in the Southern Hemisphere or Northern boreal regions, where fires are more predictable. (bnl.gov)
  • BBOP focuses on aerosols-solid particles or liquid droplets in the air-measuring their size, optical properties, cloud condensation effects, and chemical composition. (bnl.gov)
  • These impacts extend beyond winds and precipitation, with the transport of fine particles (aerosols) that are carried across the globe by large-scale weather patterns. (nasa.gov)
  • Atmospheric aerosols are microscopic particles, solid or liquid, suspended in a gas, (our atmosphere in this instance). (copernicus.eu)
  • The NASA B-200 aircraft carrying a High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) and a Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) was also deployed to characterize the vertical and horizontal distribution of aerosols and aerosol optical properties. (arm.gov)
  • NASA's GEOS-FP data assimilation system captures the global distribution of aerosols. (nasa.gov)
  • This article predicts concentrations of airborne particulate matter over wintertime Denver, CO, USA, using meteorological and geographic information, as well as low-cost aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements captured by citizen scientists. (copernicus.org)
  • The research also describes other chemicals in wildfire smoke, some never before measured, and it raises the estimated annual emission of particulate matter in the western United States significantly. (treesource.org)
  • Particulate matter, some of which contains oxidants that cause genetic damage, are in the resulting aerosols. (treesource.org)
  • In this study, we assess the impact of different plume rise schemes on predicting the dispersion of wildfire air pollution, and the exceedances of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) during the 2020 Western United States Wildfire season. (copernicus.org)
  • As devastating wildfires continue to rage in the western U.S. and Canada, a team of environmental engineers at Washington University in St. Louis have discovered that light-absorbing organic particulate matter, also known as brown carbon aerosol, in wildfire smoke loses its ability to absorb sunlight the longer it remains in the atmosphere. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The main anthropogenic source of aerosols is emissions from combustion of fossil fuels, which emit a wide range of atmospheric pollutants including particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and SO2. (copernicus.eu)
  • The plumes were located with the help of a trajectory analysis, and the mass of smoke aerosols were retrieved from the CALIOP observations. (copernicus.org)
  • The simulated total column aerosol optical depths (AOD) and the total column mass concentration of smoke agreed quite well with CALIOP observations, but the comparison of the layer mass concentration of smoke showed significant discrepancies. (copernicus.org)
  • Using both TES observations and RAQMS chemical analyses, we track the wildfire plumes from their source to the ARCTAS DC8 platform. (nasa.gov)
  • Here, we demonstrate how observations of carbon monoxide and aerosol optical depth retrieved from polar orbiting and geostationary meteorological satellites can be used to study the long-range transport and evolution of smoke plumes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Assuming a Gaussian plume shape for various biomass burning plumes, we estimate an average NOx e-folding time of 2 ± 1 h from TROPOMI observations. (colorado.edu)
  • In this work, we have validated the newly implemented aerosol model (NGACv2) which forecast at every 3 h up to 5 days against ground and satellite observations and other available model simulations. (copernicus.org)
  • Loyola, D. , Three-Dimensional Distribution of Biomass Burning Aerosols from Australian Wildfires Observed by TROPOMI Satellite Observations, Remote Sens. (u-pec.fr)
  • NASA's MODIS observations constrain regions with biomass burning as well as the aerosol optical depths in GEOS, capturing the prominent bushfires in Australia and transport of emitted aerosols well downstream over the South Pacific Ocean. (nasa.gov)
  • Global observations of aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the NASA MODIS instruments on the Terra/Aqua satellites are assimilated to constrain aerosols in the GEOS-FP system. (nasa.gov)
  • Human activities over the past two centuries have increased the amount of carbon in the atmosphere by nearly 50% as of year 2020, mainly in the form of carbon dioxide, both by modifying ecosystems' ability to extract carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and by emitting it directly, e.g., by burning fossil fuels and manufacturing concrete. (wikipedia.org)
  • Wildfire activity in the western United States during August to October 2020 was exceptional in terms of the fire severity and area burned. (frames.gov)
  • Extremely dry biomass fuels from near historic multi-year drought conditions were further exacerbated with very hot and dry conditions in 2020. (frames.gov)
  • Additionally, the fine mode radii in some of these smoke plumes in 2020 were very large especially at high AOD (∼0.22-0.32 μm volume median radius), likely due to both coagulation and condensation occurring during aging at very high particulate concentrations. (frames.gov)
  • HYSPLIT Atmospheric Dispersion predictions from for Nov 11, 2020, northeast Houston area smoke plume. (noaa.gov)
  • GEFS-Aerosols v1 has been developed in a collaboration between the NOAA research laboratories for operational forecast since September 2020 in the NCEP. (copernicus.org)
  • However, linking SO2 reductions directly to the recent extreme marine heatwaves omits part of the complexity of using models to calculate sulphate aerosol interactions in the atmosphere or estimating the effective application of the IMO 2020 regulation, and, more generally, the complexity of climate and atmospheric chemistry. (copernicus.eu)
  • Reliable assessment of the impact of aerosols emitted from boreal forest fires on the Arctic climate necessitates improved understanding of emissions and the microphysical properties of carbonaceous (black carbon (BC) and organic aerosols (OA)) and inorganic aerosols. (nasa.gov)
  • Carbonaceous aerosol components, which include black carbon (BC), urban primary organic aerosols (POA), biomass burning aerosols (BBA), and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) from both urban and biogenic precursors, have been shown to play a major role in the direct and indirect radiative forcing of climate. (arm.gov)
  • Wildfires contribute about 40 percent of the black carbon in the atmosphere. (bnl.gov)
  • The researchers on board were especially interested in learning how brown carbon released by wildfires affected the climate and how its warming effects compare to those of denser black carbon produced by high-temperature fossil fuel combustion, which is the second most influential warming agent after carbon dioxide. (azocleantech.com)
  • Up to 27% and 0.2% of carbon from the incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuel, respectively, is retained as condensed forms of carbon (called pyrogenic or black carbon, BC, ranging from charcoal to soot) rather than emitted as greenhouse gases 3 . (nature.com)
  • While scientists already identified black carbon, or soot, as the major light-absorbing and warming agent, less is known about the effects of brown carbon from smoldering wildfires on the atmosphere. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In fact, as shown by the following graph, high levels of trace gas (O 3 and CO) and black carbon were recorded at the ICO-OV during the period 26-30 August 2007 due to the transport of anthropogenic pollution from northern Italy (grey bars) but also due to the advection of air masses rich in mineral dust and biomass burning products from North Africa (red bars). (cnr.it)
  • The primary objective of the Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) in 2010 was to investigate the evolution of carbonaceous aerosols of different types and their optical and hygroscopic properties in central California, with a focus on the Sacramento urban plume. (arm.gov)
  • and 3-D Eulerian modeling of radiative feedback of aerosols on meteorology and regional climate. (arm.gov)
  • For more information, see the Overview of the 2010 Carbonaceous Aerosols and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) . (arm.gov)
  • The GEOS-FP global data assimilation and forecast system includes multiple species of aerosols emitted into the atmosphere from the ocean/land surface accounting for their radiative impacts throughout the atmosphere. (nasa.gov)
  • WRF-Chem retrospective aerosol predictions during FIREX-AQ with GOES-16 fire radiative power based emissions and plume rise. (noaa.gov)
  • Using VIIRS Fire Radiative Power data to simulate biomass burning emissions, plume rise and smoke transport in a real-time air quality modeling system. (noaa.gov)
  • While aerosols have a direct cooling effect by filtering solar radiation, their effective contribution to global cooling , or warming when they are reduced, also referred to as negative or positive radiative forcing of aerosols, is still a matter of research, and not the easiest, due to the uncertainties of indirect effects such as sulphate aerosol impacts in cloud droplet formation. (copernicus.eu)
  • To analyze the evolution of the plumes and to estimate the amount of smoke aerosols transported to Europe, retrievals from the space-borne lidar CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) were used. (copernicus.org)
  • The amount of smoke aerosols in the model simulations was consistently smaller than in the CALIOP retrievals. (copernicus.org)
  • Microbial viability of smoke aerosols based on formazan production and epifluorescent microscopy revealed no significant difference in the viable fraction (~80%) when compared to samples of ambient air. (nature.com)
  • The environmental sources of microbial aerosols and processes by which they are emitted into the atmosphere are not well characterized. (nature.com)
  • From these data, we estimate each fire aerosolized an average of 7 ± 4 × 10 9 cells and 2 ± 1 × 10 8 biological INPs per m 2 burned and conclude that emissions from wildland fire are sources of viable microbial aerosols to the atmosphere. (nature.com)
  • Biomass burning is an increasingly important source for organic compounds in the atmosphere, especially with current trends towards a warmer, drier climate in the Northwest. (noaa.gov)
  • Various aerosols also rise up in the atmosphere, but their net effect on global warming or cooling is still uncertain, as some aerosols reflect sunlight away from Earth, and others, in contrast, trap warmth in the atmosphere. (treesource.org)
  • When we take into account how aerosols interact with incoming solar radiant energy -- the dominant source of the energy in Earth's climate system -- we can reconcile the less-than-expected warming of our atmosphere. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Most aerosols in the atmosphere only scatter light from the sun, sending some of the sun's radiant energy back to space and exerting a cooling influence on Earth's climate. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Depending on the extent of these two processes, these black and brown carbon aerosols may exert a warming influence or a cooling influence on our atmosphere. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Future developments include using geostationary satellite data to rapidly update inputs to the NAQFC and incorporating of current science for sub-seasonal and seasonal interoperable earth model development to fulfill NWS needs for emission forecasting, wildfire modeling, and surface-atmosphere interchange understanding. (noaa.gov)
  • Aerosols are fine particulates that float in the atmosphere. (mongabay.com)
  • Ninety percent of aerosols in the atmosphere are naturally occurring, but their levels have remained relatively constant over time, says physicist, Yi Ming a Princeton University lecturer and researcher at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). (mongabay.com)
  • Unlike greenhouse gases, aerosols don't last long in the atmosphere. (mongabay.com)
  • Fires that we observed in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho burned hundreds of thousands of acres and injected many millions of tons of gases and aerosols into the atmosphere. (bnl.gov)
  • As devastating wildfires rage in California wine country, a team of environmental engineers have made a new discovery about wildfire smoke, and its effect on the atmosphere. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Rajan Chakrabarty, assistant professor, and Brent Williams, the Raymond R. Tucker Distinguished InCEES Career Development Associate Professor, both aerosol scientists in the Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering in the School of Engineering & Applied Science, and their labs found that brown carbon aerosol changes its properties from light-absorbing to light-scattering the longer it remains in the atmosphere. (sciencedaily.com)
  • By exposing the smoke plumes to ultraviolet radiation and oxidants, such as ozone, in a photochemical reactor, they could mimic the natural effects in the atmosphere. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Research suggests that the reduction in emissions of pollutants in Europe, thanks to regulations, i--s leading to reduced amounts of aerosols in the atmosphere. (copernicus.eu)
  • Aerosols, by scattering, reflecting or absorbing sunlight, reduce the amount of solar radiation reaching the lower layers of our atmosphere. (copernicus.eu)
  • We use ozone and carbon monoxide measurements from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES), model estimates of Ozone, CO, and ozone pre-cursors from the Real-time Air Quality Modeling System (RAQMS), and data from the NASA DC8 aircraft to characterize the source and dynamical evolution of ozone and CO in Asian wildfire plumes during the spring ARCTAS campaign 2008. (nasa.gov)
  • This study demonstrates the use of a low-cost sensor in a citizen-science network, Citizen-Enabled Aerosol Measurements for Satellites (CEAMS), to measure air quality in participants' backyards. (copernicus.org)
  • Measurements of aerosols taken by the citizens are also compared to standard air quality instruments. (copernicus.org)
  • The aircraft measurements were complemented by a well-instrumented ground site within the Sacramento urban source area and a downwind receptor site near Cool, CA, to characterize the diurnal evolution of meteorological variables, trace gases/aerosol precursors, and aerosol composition and properties in freshly polluted and aged urban air. (arm.gov)
  • As opportunity allowed, one or more NOAA P-3 aircraft flights were carried out in the Sacramento plume in coordination with the G-1 flights to allow wing-tip to wing-tip inter-comparison and provide valuable additional measurements for CARES. (arm.gov)
  • Measurements of emissions from agricultural fires and wildfires in the U.S. (gatech.edu)
  • This study presents detailed airborne measurements of emissions from 15 agricultural fires and 3 wildfires in the U.S. during the 2013 Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) and the Biomass Burning Observation Project (BBOP). (gatech.edu)
  • Filter-based measurements of aerosol light absorption implied that brown carbon was ubiquitous in the plumes. (gatech.edu)
  • Sources and characteristics of summertime organic aerosol in the Colorado Front Range: perspective from measurements and WRF-Chem modeling. (noaa.gov)
  • 2023), Airborne HSRL-2 measurements of elevated aerosol depolarization associated with non-spherical sea salt , TYPE Original Research , doi:10.3389/frsen.2023.1143944. (nasa.gov)
  • Harmful pollutants contained in the smoke emitted by fires can alter downwind air quality both locally and remotely as a consequence of the recurrent transport of biomass burning plumes across thousands of kilometers. (bvsalud.org)
  • Even at Mt. Cimone, high O 3 and BC concentrations (up to 100 ppbv and 1000 ng m -3 , respectively) were observed in conjunction with the transport of biomass burning and forest fire plumes both from Italy and North Africa. (cnr.it)
  • For example, the Kazakhstan and Siberian plumes at 55 degrees North is a region of significant springtime stratospheric/tropospheric exchange. (nasa.gov)
  • Stratospheric air influences the Thailand plume after it is lofted to high altitudes via the Himalayas. (nasa.gov)
  • Finally, the CALIOP mass retrievals were compared with simulated aerosol concentrations from two reanalysis models, MERRA-2 (Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2) and CAMS (Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring System). (copernicus.org)
  • In addition to photochemical production due to ozone pre-cursors, we find that exchange between the stratosphere and the troposphere is a major factor influencing O3 concentrations for both plumes. (nasa.gov)
  • On average, simulations with higher plume injection heights predict lower AOD and surface PM 2.5 concentrations near the source region but higher AOD and PM 2.5 in downwind regions due to the faster spread of the smoke plume once ejected. (copernicus.org)
  • As well as road traffic and industrial activities, a contribution to the high O 3 and aerosol concentrations over Europe and Mediterranean Basin may came from the forest fires often occurring during summer. (cnr.it)
  • Nasal endoscopy, room filtration and aerosol concentrations during live outpatient encounters: a prospective, case-control study. (utah.edu)
  • The reported trends indicate that global warming is possibly inducing an incipient change on regional fire dynamics towards increased fire impacts in Europe, suggesting that emerging risks posed by exceptional fire-weather danger conditions may progressively exceed current wildfire suppression capabilities in the next decades and impact forest carbon sinks. (bvsalud.org)
  • Large plumes of brown smoke, mainly composed of granules of brown carbon floating in the air, accompany blazing wildfires. (azocleantech.com)
  • Brown carbon from biomass burning was determined to be responsible for nearly twice as much heat as brown carbon from fossil fuel combustion, according to the researchers. (azocleantech.com)
  • The increase in brown carbon aerosols will lead to global or regional warming, which increases the probability and frequency of wildfires. (azocleantech.com)
  • Fu and his collaborators aim to look into how wildfires change the composition of aerosols from resources other than brown carbon in the future. (azocleantech.com)
  • National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) at NOAA recently upgraded their operational global aerosol forecast model from dust-only in version 1 to five species (dust, sea salt, black and organic carbon) of aerosols in version 2. (copernicus.org)
  • Smoldering peat fires in the Boreal forests are a major source of organic aerosol and carbon emissions. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Active fires, also detected by the MODIS instruments, are used in a fire-emissions module QFED2 (Darmenov and da Silva, 2015), that is incorporated in GEOS-FP to constrain the carbon aerosol emissions. (nasa.gov)
  • The combustion of organic materials, particularly if it is incomplete, may also give rise to more complex molecules in the smoke plume, which may typically include longer carbon chains and multiple carbon-rings. (springer.com)
  • Biomass burning (BB) produces significant amounts of trace gases and aerosol, which play important roles in atmospheric chemistry and climate. (gatech.edu)
  • This is due to the elevated anthropic and natural emissions of aerosol and trace gases as well as to long-range transport of pollutants (even from other continents). (cnr.it)
  • The GOME-2 products (ozone, trace gases, aerosols and UV radiation) are important for ozone chemistry, air quality studies, climate modeling, policy monitoring and hazard warnings. (copernicus.org)
  • However, significant knowledge gaps and uncertainties still exist in the process-level understanding of: 1) SOA formation, 2) BC mixing state evolution, and 3) the optical and hygroscopic properties of fresh and aged carbonaceous aerosols. (arm.gov)
  • This analysis compares well with the conclusions of a paper on carbonaceous aerosols over the Indian Ocean (Novakov et al. (eumetsat.int)
  • Different aerosol species are highlighted by color, including dust (orange), sea-salt (blue), nitrates (pink) and carbonaceous (red), with brighter regions corresponding to higher aerosol amounts. (nasa.gov)
  • Aircraft sampling was made in fresh plumes strongly impacted by wildfires in North America (Canada and California) in summer 2008 and in those transported from Asia (Siberia in Russia and Kazakhstan) in spring 2008. (nasa.gov)
  • This strong spectral absorption signature observed at some California sites and dates remained similarly strong in some smoke plumes observed at some east coast sites in Maryland and Virginia, thereby suggesting that the lifetime of these particular BrC and/or coated BC absorbing species was greater than 5 days. (frames.gov)
  • Unique research missions deployed planes to plow through the plumes of three major wildfires, including the 2013 Rim Fire, the third-largest wildfire in California history. (treesource.org)
  • The wildfire season last year (2021) set new records throughout the world, charring terrain from California to Siberia. (azocleantech.com)
  • Model transport uncertainties, such as too much dispersion, results in a broad plume structure from the Kazakhstan fires that is approximately 2 km lower than the plume observed by aircraft. (nasa.gov)
  • The most extreme retrieved size distributions and associated measured AOD spectra were principally observed in long-distance transported smoke plumes from these western United States fires at sites in Colorado, Maryland and Virginia, possibly due to further aging during transport. (frames.gov)
  • RELATED Scientists say nation must choose: Planned fires or more unchecked wildfires? (treesource.org)
  • People are exposed to harmful aerosols from industrial sources, too, but fires produce more aerosol per amount of fuel burned. (treesource.org)
  • A prescribed fire might burn five tons of biomass fuel per acre, whereas a wildfire might burn 30," said Yokelson, who has dedicated decades of research to biomass fires. (treesource.org)
  • This study shows that wildfires also emit three times more aerosol per ton of fuel burned than prescribed fires. (treesource.org)
  • The EFs were used to estimate the annual regional emissions from agricultural fires and wildfires for CO, NOx, total non-methane organic compounds, and PM1. (gatech.edu)
  • As smoke from the massive fires has interacted with the global weather, the transport of smoke plumes around the global have accelerated through deep vertical transport into the upper troposphere and even the lowermost stratosphere, leading to long-range transport around the globe. (nasa.gov)
  • Consequently, the model and TES data do not capture the photochemical production of ozone in the Kazakhstan plume that is apparent in the aircraft in situ data. (nasa.gov)
  • However, ozone and CO distributions from TES and RAQMS model estimates of the Thailand plume are within the uncertainties of the TES data. (nasa.gov)
  • Therefore, the RAQMS model is better able to characterize the emissions from this fire, the mixing of ozone from the stratosphere to the plume, and the photochemical production and transport of ozone and ozone pre-cursors as the plume moves across the Pacific. (nasa.gov)
  • Methanol, benzene, ozone precursors and other noxious emissions collected from wildfire plumes may make it sound like an oil refinery went up in flames. (treesource.org)
  • A Lagrangian plume cross-section model was used to simulate the evolution of ozone, reactive nitrogen species, and organic aerosol (OA). (gatech.edu)
  • [PDF] Large wildfires inject smoke and biomass-burning products into the mid-latitude stratosphere, where they destroy ozone, which protects us from ultraviolet radiation. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • Were Wildfires Responsible for the Unusually High Surface Ozone in Colorado During 2021? (noaa.gov)
  • Ozone chemistry in western U.S. wildfire plumes, Xu et al. (nasa.gov)
  • On the other hand, he says, we do have to worry about anthropogenic, or human-made aerosols. (mongabay.com)
  • Scientists such as the Met Office's Ben Booth have suggested for some time that anthropogenic aerosols, such as those resulting from industrial and shipping emissions, had been a key driver of climate variability in the North Atlantic. (copernicus.eu)
  • On the 19 April, NASA DC8 O3 and aerosol Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) observed two biomass burning plumes originating from North-Western Asia (Kazakhstan) and SouthEastern Asia (Thailand) that advected eastward over the Pacific reaching North America in 10 to 12 days. (nasa.gov)
  • Light absorption by organic aerosols in the near-UV spectrum was discovered to be a very important part of the radiation budget in a past DOE ASP field campaign, although many questions remain. (arm.gov)
  • Buchard, V., and Coauthors, 2015: Using the OMI aerosol index and absorption aerosol optical depth to evaluate the NASA MERRA Aerosol Reanalysis. (nasa.gov)
  • Generally, sulphate aerosols are considered to act as cloud condensation nuclei, favouring cloud formation, therefore reducing the amount of solar radiation that reaches the surface. (copernicus.eu)
  • Chakrabarty, Williams and their lab members made the discovery by burning peatland fuels, acquired from different regions of Alaska with the help of the U.S. Forest Service, in their combustion chamber. (sciencedaily.com)
  • With a self-designed biomass simulation combustion system, an indoor simulation combustion experiment was conducted to analyze the characteristic variation of gaseous pollutants and PM 2.5 released by different litter components under smoldering and flaming states. (linyekexue.net)
  • These processes include wildland fire emissions and plume rise, smoke transport and mixing, smoke chemistry, the impact of smoke on radiation and microphysics, and so on. (noaa.gov)
  • There are many natural sources of atmospheric aerosols, such as desert dust, sea spray and salt from the oceans, biogenic aerosols from vegetation , wildfire smoke, or volcanoes to name a few. (copernicus.eu)
  • So far, this well-documented site was missing the description of the seasonal variation in aerosol chemical composition, which helps understanding the complex biogeochemical and physical processes governing the forest ecosystem. (copernicus.org)
  • Here, we report the sub-micrometer aerosol chemical composition and its variability, employing data measured between 2012 and 2018 using an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM). (copernicus.org)
  • Aerosols] impact almost every part of the human body, depending upon the composition, exposure amount and size," says Bhupesh Adhikary, an air pollution specialist at the Kathmandu-based International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development and a lead author for the most recent assessment report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (mongabay.com)
  • The predictions demonstrate substantial improvements for both composition and variability of aerosol distributions over those from the former operational system. (copernicus.org)
  • Biomass fire events, thermally induced recirculation near the densely populated coastlines and dust plumes from Sahara can further contribute in influence atmospheric composition and air-quality in this region. (cnr.it)
  • Biomass burning is the main source of air pollution in several regions worldwide nowadays. (bvsalud.org)
  • Burning biomass produces lots of pollution. (treesource.org)
  • Cars and power plants with pollution controls burn things much more cleanly," Huey said. (treesource.org)
  • As global warming expands wildfires in size and number, the ensuing pollution stands to grow along with them. (treesource.org)
  • So-called prescribed burnings prevent or reduce wildfires, and they appear to produce far less pollution per unit area than wildfires, the study said. (treesource.org)
  • Like greenhouse gases, there are good reasons to curb aerosol pollution. (mongabay.com)
  • Smoke from wildfires is a significant source of air pollution, which can adversely impact air quality and ecosystems downwind. (colorado.edu)
  • Wildfires are going to be the major source of air pollution because of decades of fire suppression and increased fuel loads," Chakrabarty said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Sedlacek's goal is to understand the impact aerosols have on Earth's climate system. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Sulphur dioxide emissions are the precursor of sulphate aerosol, which is a key player in Earth's energy balance. (copernicus.eu)
  • Our wildfire PM1 emission estimate (1530 ± 570 Gg yr-1) from 11 western states is over three times that of the 2011 National Emissions Inventory (NEI) PM2.5 estimate, mainly due to our high EF(PM1), and also higher than the PM2.5 emitted from all other sources in these states according to NEI. (gatech.edu)
  • What Sedlacek and other scientists at Brookhaven and elsewhere in the atmospheric science community have determined is that aerosols help to resolve this discrepancy. (sciencedaily.com)
  • From their research, atmospheric scientists have determined that the effects clouds and aerosols have on the climate system is offsetting warming from greenhouse gases -- which ultimately explains why scientists haven't seen as much warming as expected from the levels of greenhouse gases. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The biggest challenge scientists face when studying how aerosols impact climate is that this impact is such a small fraction of the overall energy Earth receives from the sun. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Scientists say that accurately modelling the intensity of aerosol effects on climate change is vital to humanity's future but aerosol complexity makes it difficult to model and understand. (mongabay.com)
  • Inside the wildfire plumes where scientists measure aerosol changes, the smoke itself takes on an eerie, orange glow. (bnl.gov)
  • The question of whether reduced aerosol loading contributes to global warming is not new to atmospheric scientists, but it has recently resurfaced with the extreme heatwaves across the North Atlantic and many areas of Europe. (copernicus.eu)
  • For the western wildfires, we measured an extensive set of EFs for over 80 gases and 5 PM1 species. (gatech.edu)
  • The smoke above these wildfires breaks down into two main components: aerosols and gases. (bnl.gov)
  • Brookhaven Lab leads the Biomass Burn Observation Project (BBOP)-a close collaboration with Pacific Northwest National Lab and 12 other research groups. (bnl.gov)
  • The Chinese icebreaker Xue Long set out for the Arctic Ocean in 2017 to investigate how aerosols were drifting around in the clear Arctic air and to determine their sources. (azocleantech.com)
  • This predominance is expected to increase in the upcoming years as a result of the rising number of devastating wildfires due to climate change. (bvsalud.org)
  • The CARES campaign observation strategy consisted of the DOE G-1 aircraft sampling upwind, within, and outside of the evolving Sacramento urban plume in the morning and again in the afternoon. (arm.gov)
  • A massive wildfire plume over Washington State from the window of the Gulfstream-1, a DOE aircraft filled with a suite of cutting-edge instruments. (bnl.gov)
  • Satellite-derived biomass burning emissions can fill in gaps in the absence of aircraft or ground-based measurement campaigns, and can help improve the on-line calculation of biomass burning emissions as well as the biomass burning emissions inventories that feed air quality models. (colorado.edu)
  • We use aerosol optical thickness to derive CLBCs, achieving reasonable prediction. (copernicus.org)
  • This study shows the advantages of space-borne aerosol lidars, e.g. being of paramount importance to monitor smoke plumes, and reveals the urgent need of future lidar missions in space. (copernicus.org)
  • They indicate that CALIOP is a useful tool monitoring smoke plumes over secluded areas whereas reanalysis models have difficulties in representing the aerosol mass in these plumes. (copernicus.org)
  • Buchard, V., and Coauthors, 2016: Evaluation of the surface PM 2.5 in Version 1 of the NASA MERRA Aerosol Reanalysis over the United States. (nasa.gov)
  • The wildfires emitted high amounts of PM1 (in which OA comprised most of the mass) with an average EF that is over two times of prescribed fire EFs. (gatech.edu)