• Cross-sectional study examining the accuracy of self-reported smoking status as compared to urinary cotinine levels among workers at risk for chronic kidney disease of unknown origin in Guatemala. (cdc.gov)
  • Design: We evaluated self-reported smoking status against urinary cotinine levels, the gold standard biomarker of tobacco smoke exposure, among agricultural workers at four separate cross-sectional time points. (cdc.gov)
  • Primary outcome measures: Compared self-reported smoking status and urinary cotinine levels in two agricultural worker studies. (cdc.gov)
  • Urinary cotinine levels show that smoking prevalence is underestimated in this worker population. (cdc.gov)
  • The median concentration of cotinine, a molecule that is formed during the breakdown of nicotine, in the participants' urine samples was more than 50% higher than the urinary cotinine levels reported in a previous study of youth tobacco smoking . (cancer.gov)
  • Urinary cotinine levels were examined to identify exposure to SHS, and social factors were identified that influenced exposure to SHS, including requests that smokers extinguish cigarettes. (ophrp.org)
  • Students who were exposed to SHS were 4.45-times more likely to have increased urinary cotinine levels than those who were not exposed. (ophrp.org)
  • Existing evidence suggests there is an association between the salivary cotinine levels and passive smoking. (farmaciajournal.com)
  • The aim of this study was the objectively evaluation of the passive smoking prevalence in non-smoking adults from Constanta, Romania, based on their salivary cotinine levels measured by NicAlert™ Saliva tests. (farmaciajournal.com)
  • In a cross-sectional study made on 286 subjects, the levels of salivary cotinine were measured, together with the evaluation of the self-reported smoking status on a questionnaire basis. (farmaciajournal.com)
  • After analysis of the salivary cotinine, only 16.4% of all subjects were not exposed to tobacco products. (farmaciajournal.com)
  • Using the salivary cotinine levels as standard, the real distribution of the subjects according to their smoker status comprised 44.06% active smokers (constant and occasional), 16.43% (n=47) non-smokers (non-exposed to tobacco smoke) and 39.50% (n=113) passive smokers. (farmaciajournal.com)
  • Methods: We conducted a pilot longitudinal study with assessments of the aforementioned factors and salivary cotinine at weeks 0, 4, and 8. (scirp.org)
  • In this secondary analysis of a pilot clinical trial with individuals with alcohol and nicotine use disorders, we investigate the relationship between serum concentrations of oxytocin, β‐endorphin, melatonin, α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone, substance P, and orexin, with objective biomarkers (salivary cotinine and serum γ ‐glutamyl transferase [GGT]) as well as with self‐reported smoking and alcohol drinking. (bryant.edu)
  • These outcome measures are being validated by measurement of salivary cotinine (a metabolite of nicotine), as studies have found cotinine to be the most accurate biomarker of smoke exposure in the previous two to three days [22,23]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This was related to size at birth and preterm delivery, adjusting for confounders including salivary cotinine as a biomarker of smoking status. (alcoholresearchforum.org)
  • Cotinine, the primary metabolite of nicotine, is currently regarded as the best biomarker of tobacco smoke exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • ETS exposure will also be assessed for examinees 3 years of age and older through the measurement of serum cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine. (cdc.gov)
  • Cotinine is the major plasma metabolite of nicotine and persists for a considerable time period in plasma, with a half life of approximately 16 hours. (bmj.com)
  • trans -3-Hydroxycotinine is the major urinary metabolite of nicotine in man and can serve as an important biomarker of tobacco smoke exposure. (astm.org)
  • We measured levels of cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine and validated biomarker of tobacco use, in plasma samples obtained immediately on arrival at the emergency department from 144 adult subjects after severe blunt trauma. (nih.gov)
  • Nonsmokers exposed to typical levels of SHS have serum cotinine levels of less than 1 ng/mL, with heavy exposure to SHS producing levels in the 1-10 ng/mL range. (cdc.gov)
  • Measures of a biomarker of exposure are needed for improved exposure assessments. (cdc.gov)
  • Detectable saliva cotinine levels in 8/20 mothers of neonates (1-2 days old) suggested in utero exposure. (who.int)
  • The results of the study show that participating Vuse consumers had favourable differences in biomarkers of exposure (BoE) and biomarkers of potential harm (BoPH) relevant to smoking-related diseases when compared to smokers. (businesswire.com)
  • Vuse users have shown significantly lower biomarkers of exposure for priority cigarette smoke toxicants as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) iii . (businesswire.com)
  • Significantly lower levels of all measured biomarkers of exposure to priority cigarette smoke toxicants, as defined by the WHO. (businesswire.com)
  • This clinical study of participating Vuse consumers, smokers, former smokers and never smokers provides comprehensive analysis of 17 biomarkers of exposure (BoE) to priority cigarette smoke toxicants, biomarkers of potential harm (BoH) and physiological measures relevant to cardiovascular conditions, respiratory diseases and cancer. (businesswire.com)
  • All participants were screened for urinary cotinine, a biomarker for nicotine exposure, and exhaled carbon monoxide to confirm their self-reported nicotine consumption and smoking status. (businesswire.com)
  • The authors assessed residential exposure to ETS in 347 German, 335 Dutch, and 354 Swedish preschool and schoolchildren by questionnaire and air nicotine measurements, and in a subset of 307 German children by urinary cotinine measurements. (bmj.com)
  • In epidemiological studies, exposure to ETS is most frequently assessed by questionnaire reports, 6 less often by measurements of biomarkers, such as urinary nicotine and its metabolite, cotinine, in body fluids, 1, 2 and rarely by passive monitors. (bmj.com)
  • We quantified urine cotinine concentrations in mothers once from 12th to 20th gestational weeks and excluded those whose urine cotinine levels exceeded 42.7 ng/ml to represent SHS exposure in early pregnancy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Measure of cotinine in hair, blood, and urine permits the assessment of SHS exposure or active smoking. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We performed a nested case-control study using cotinine measurements in maternal serum and amniotic fluid as a biomarker for tobacco exposure during pregnancy. (lu.se)
  • Health Sciences, products of combustion of organic materials and are not of nicotine is converted to cotinine, primarily by SoonChunHyang University, specific to tobacco smoke exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Circulating levels of the nicotine metabolite cotinine is a marker of recent smoking exposure. (ox.ac.uk)
  • thus, urinary phthalate monoester metabolites can be used as sensitive and specific biomarkers of exposure [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • N-2-cyanoethylvaline ( CEV ), a biomarker that is highly specific for ACN exposure, was measured in the blood. (sciensano.be)
  • Detectable saliva cotinine levels in 8/20 moth- ers of neonates (1-2 days old) suggested in utero exposure. (who.int)
  • The consequences of prolonged exposure in smoke, the present study aimed to assess close proximity to parental smoking are the prevalence of infant exposure to envi- exacerbated by infants' immature immune ronmental tobacco smoke and to measure and pulmonary systems [ 2 ], small body size the cotinine levels in infant urine. (who.int)
  • Using cotinine as a biomarker for tobacco exposure allows more accurate quantitative analyses to be performed. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Urinary cotinine was a useful biomarker for identifying exposure to SHS, with respect to the influence of demographic, health-related, and smoking-related factors. (ophrp.org)
  • Cotinine is a biomarker for exposure to tobacco smoke and has a detection life span of 2-3 days, providing ample time for testing. (medicaldisposables.us)
  • NNAL saliva and urine biomarker for SHSe (table 1). (cdc.gov)
  • Biomarkers for a total of N = 19 participants were analyzed using multiplexed, competitive format immune‐assay (peptides) and enzyme competitive immunoassay (saliva). (bryant.edu)
  • Saliva and hair samples were collected to derive biomarkers of cotinine and nicotine. (uky.edu)
  • An associated question is what would be the value of measuring serum cotinine concentrations in such surveys to obtain validated smoking data. (bmj.com)
  • Similar results were found for the agreement of urinary cotinine concentrations with questionnaire reports and air nicotine levels. (bmj.com)
  • Overall, the concentrations of cotinine were comparable in maternal serum and amniotic fluid (medianserum/amniotic fluid : 2.1/2.6 ng/ml). (lu.se)
  • When exposed to SHS, nonsmokers inhale 60% to 80% of airborne nicotine, absorb concentrations similar to those absorbed by smokers, and display high levels of nicotine biomarkers. (uky.edu)
  • The current optimal plasma cotinine cut-point to distinguish smokers from non-smokers in the general US population is 3 ng ml(-1). (nih.gov)
  • Main results: Among self reported regular smokers, 97.2% of men and 94.9% of women had a cotinine concentration of 10 ng/ml or higher in serum. (bmj.com)
  • Among never smokers 2.5% of men and 2.7% of women had detectable level of cotinine in their serum. (bmj.com)
  • Conclusions: In a sample of the general population in Finland the validity of self reported smoking is high, and most of the few self reported non-smokers who had cotinine in their serum had only low or moderate levels. (bmj.com)
  • Among the 547 self reported smokers 12.1% were found to have serum cotinine levels less than 14 ng/ml and were possible misclassifications by self report. (bmj.com)
  • Biomarker levels were determined for 181 urine samples from 20 male subjects (mean age 45 years, 50% smokers). (cdc.gov)
  • The data also showed favourable differences between Vuse consumers and smokers across all biomarkers of potential harm measured, with three being statistically significant. (businesswire.com)
  • Objectives: We examined 1) changes in smoking and vaping behavior and associated cotinine levels and health status among regular smokers who were first-time e-cigarette purchasers and 2) attitudes, intentions, and restrictions regarding e-cigarettes. (scirp.org)
  • Currently, life insurance companies check people's blood for traces of the protein cotinine to find out whether they are smokers, he said. (startribune.com)
  • These preliminary results suggest a relationship between cotinine and oxytocin, β‐endorphin, and orexin, which opens up new potential hypotheses on the potential role of these endocrine pathways in tobacco smokers. (bryant.edu)
  • The relation between plasma cotinine levels and pancreatic cancer was analyzed with conditional logistic regression for different levels of cotinine in a population of never and current smokers. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. (famri.org)
  • 1, 2 Mainly, three biological measurements have been used to validate self reported smoking: carbon monoxide, thiocyanate, and cotinine. (bmj.com)
  • Specifically, biomarkers such as carbon monoxide, cotinine, and anabasine, measured at regular intervals, can provide clinicians with much clearer, clinically relevant and actionable assessments of current tobacco use by their patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mothers completed a questionnaire about smoking habits of household members, and urine samples were obtained from infants for analysis of cotinine levels. (who.int)
  • Preshift and postshift urine samples were analyzed for 8-OH-dG, cotinine, 1-OHP, and metals. (cdc.gov)
  • A total of 40 eligible employees completed a demographic survey, provided urine samples for analysis of cotinine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and completed questionnaires on respiratory and general health status 6 weeks before and 6-10 weeks after the law went into effect. (bmj.com)
  • The main outcome measures were urine samples for total cotinine and total NNAL and data from a self-administered respiratory and general health status questionnaire collected during the pre-law and post-law study periods. (bmj.com)
  • Their exclusive use of pods was confirmed by testing their urine samples for a biomarker of tobacco combustion. (cancer.gov)
  • PAHs and cotinine markers in the urine samples (n = 97) of participants from two regions from the Mackenzie Valley (Dehcho and Sahtú) was completed by liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. (gwfnet.net)
  • A total of 60.0% of infants were reported to be exposed to passive smoking at home and 36.4% had detectable levels of urine cotinine (mean 7.1 ng/mL, range 0.27-41 ng/mL). (who.int)
  • 3 The aim of our paper is to study the validity of self reported smoking in a cardiovascular risk factor population survey by comparing self reports with results of measurements of cotinine levels in serum. (bmj.com)
  • According to the American Association for Clinical Chemistry , it can take over 2 weeks for a person's blood to reach the same cotinine levels as someone who does not use tobacco. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Some studies say that vaping delivers less nicotine than cigarettes, while others say that the levels of cotinine and nicotine might be higher in people who use vapes. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • No association was evident in children whose mothers had cotinine levels ≤1.90 ng/ml. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Objectives: There is a lack of information on cotinine levels in rural populations in low-income and middle-income countries like Guatemala. (cdc.gov)
  • Genetic polymorphisms in 15q25 and 19q13 loci, cotinine levels, and risk of lung cancer in EPIC. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Hence, genetic variants influencing smoking behavior are expected to be associated with cotinine levels. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Brief Report: Relationship Between Cotinine Levels and Peripheral Endo" by Carolina L. Haass-Koffler, Roberta Perciballi et al. (bryant.edu)
  • Together with evidence from an electrocardiogram (ECG) and/or imaging investigations, increasing levels over time of a cardiac biomarker can help to identify those who have had a heart attack, allowing early treatment of their condition. (labtestsonline.org.uk)
  • Plasma cotinine levels and pancreatic cancer in the EPIC cohort study. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, plasma cotinine levels were analyzed on average 8.0 years before cancer onset (5-95% range: 2.8-12.0 years). (ox.ac.uk)
  • People with a cotinine level over 1187.8 nmol/L, a level comparable to smoking 17 cigarettes per day, have an elevated risk of pancreatic cancer, compared to people with cotinine levels below 55 nmol/L (OR: 3.66, 95% CI: 1.44-9.26). (ox.ac.uk)
  • This study is the first to show that plasma cotinine levels are strongly related to pancreatic cancer. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Questionnaire data have frequently been validated against urinary cotinine measurements, but rarely against actual measurements of residential air nicotine. (bmj.com)
  • Biomarker measurements have been studied in other roles such as monitoring the success of coronary angioplasty or 'clot-busting' drugs but have not been adopted in standard care. (labtestsonline.org.uk)
  • Urinary cotinine measurements showed that 32 students (16.3%) were exposed to SHS. (ophrp.org)
  • Only a minor fraction of the generated cotinine is excreted by the kidneys, but cotinine is further metabolised to more polar water soluble substances. (bmj.com)
  • When nicotine enters the body, it is broken down into more than 20 different substances , including cotinine, anabasine, and nornicotine. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Cardiac biomarkers are substances that are released into the bloodstream when heart muscle is damaged or stressed. (labtestsonline.org.uk)
  • Measurement of these biomarkers is used to help diagnose, assess risk and manage people with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) , a potentially life-threatening condition characterised by the sudden onset of persistent pain in the chest, one or both arms, shoulders, stomach or jaw, shortness of breath, nausea, sweating and dizziness. (labtestsonline.org.uk)
  • Specifically: unlike tobacco use, the assessment of control of most chronic diseases centers around the routine measurement of a validated biomarker or biomarkers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conclusions The reduction in the SHS biomarkers cotinine and NNAL and reported improvement in respiratory health demonstrates that the Michigan smoke-free workplace law is protecting bar employee health. (bmj.com)
  • Of those participants who reported to have smoked at any time during their life but not during the previous month, 6.3% of men and 5.2% of women had a serum cotinine concentration of at least 10 ng/ml. (bmj.com)
  • Self reported smoking and serum cotinine were compared among 743 Mexican American participants in the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. (bmj.com)
  • Novel biomarkers under 3National Center for catalogue the approaches to assess SHSe and with the development for use in highly controlled settings, Environmental Health, Centers goal of providing a set of uniform methods for future use such as chamber studies of exposures to volunteers, for Disease Control and by investigators and thereby facilitate comparisons of are not discussed here. (cdc.gov)
  • There was no significant decrease in cotinine from baseline to week 4 or 8 (p's = ns). (scirp.org)
  • Shared biological pathways and pharmacokinetic factors affecting different toxins might be an unrecognised factor reflected in biomarker correlations. (medrxiv.org)
  • We found significant positive correlations for cotinine and oxytocin ( P = .002), β‐endorphin ( P = .008), and orexin ( P (bryant.edu)
  • Every increase of 350 nmol/L of plasma cotinine was found to significantly elevate risk of pancreatic cancer [odds ratio (OR): 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11-1.60]. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 0.001, respectively) but decreased lung cancer risk (P = 0.01 for both, after adjusting for cotinine). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Measuring cotinine is preferable to measuring nicotine because cotinine persists longer in the body with a plasma half-life of about 16 hours (Benowitz and Jacob, 1994).However, non-Hispanic blacks metabolize cotinine more slowly than do non-Hispanic whites (Benowitz et al. (cdc.gov)
  • The first branch included numerous physiological biomarkers and several exogenous biomarkers. (medrxiv.org)
  • IMPACT: This study is the largest to date investigating the effects of polymorphisms affecting smoking behavior on lung cancer risk using circulating cotinine measures as proxies for recent smoking behavior. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A general linear model was used to assess the relationship between maternal urinary cotinine level and neurodevelopment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We investigated the effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) previously associated with smoking behavior on (i) circulating cotinine and (ii) lung cancer risk. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Variants in 7p14, 8p11, and 10q23 were not associated with cotinine or lung cancer risk. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The directions of association for 15q25 variants with cotinine were in accordance with that expected of lung cancer risk, whereas SNPs on 19q13 displayed contrasting associations of cotinine and lung cancer that require further investigation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Design and methodological considerations for biomarker discovery and validation in the Integrative Analysis of Lung Cancer Etiology and Risk (INTEGRAL) Program. (who.int)
  • Biomarkers of the transsulfuration pathway and risk of renal cell carcinoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. (who.int)
  • Conclusions: According to our findings, smoking status should be objectively measured with biomarkers rather than self-reported in CKDu epidemiological research. (cdc.gov)
  • CONCLUSIONS: 15q25 and 19q13 SNPs were associated with circulating cotinine. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Design: Cross sectional analysis of data on self reported smoking and serum cotinine among a random population sample of 5846 persons aged 25 to 64 years, who participated in the FINRISK-92 survey. (bmj.com)
  • Here, we used the CorEx algorithm to perform a hypothesis free analysis of demographic, biochemical, and toxic metal biomarker data. (medrxiv.org)
  • Multivariate analysis indicated that metal x cotinine interaction terms for nickel , vanadium, chromium, and copper were significantly associated with the 8-OH-dG level, but there were differential effects depending on the metal. (cdc.gov)
  • Cotinine assays provide an objective quantitative measure that is more reliable than smoking history or counting the number of cigarettes smoked per day. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cotinine and nicotine can throughout the day, making it the preferred blood, 7Cancer Center, University of also be measured in hair and toenails. (cdc.gov)
  • Premiums won't increase if people's health worsens, or if they develop new genetic biomarkers that predict health problems, Parker added. (startribune.com)
  • The second branch included a number endogenous and exogenous variables previously associated with hypertension, while the third branch included mercury biomarkers and some related endogenous biomarkers. (medrxiv.org)
  • The exclusive Vuse consumer and former smoker groups were also tested for the biomarker, CEVal, to ensure they had not smoked cigarettes during the preceding six months. (businesswire.com)
  • Furthermore, it has been estimated that the quantitative disposition of nicotine is as follows: an average of 9% of the dose seems to be excreted as intact nicotine, and about 70% of nicotine seems to be converted to cotinine. (bmj.com)
  • According to recent human data the major metabolite found in urine is hydroxylated cotinine. (bmj.com)
  • Métodos: Se ha incluido en el estudio a las mujeres captadas durante el embarazo para participar en el estudio AMICS (Asthma Multicentre Infant Cohort Study) en Ashford (Reino Unido), Barcelona y Menorca (España). (isciii.es)
  • Au total, il s'est avéré que 60,0 % des nourrissons étaient exposés au tabagisme passif à domicile et que 36,4 % présentaient des niveaux détectables de cotinine urinaire (moyenne 7,1 ng/ml, avec des extrêmes allant de 0,27 à 41 ng/ml). (who.int)
  • A total of 894 cases and 1,805 controls were analyzed for cotinine and genotyped for 10 polymorphisms on 7p14, 8p11, 10q23, 15q25, and 19q13. (ox.ac.uk)