Models, NeurologicalNeuronsNeurons, AfferentMotor NeuronsAction PotentialsDopaminergic NeuronsModels, BiologicalCells, CulturedGABAergic NeuronsPatch-Clamp TechniquesElectrophysiologyHippocampusSynapsesAxonsGanglia, SpinalSynaptic TransmissionDendritesNerve Tissue ProteinsSensory Receptor CellsElectric StimulationOlfactory Receptor NeuronsCerebral CortexSpinal CordCholinergic NeuronsMembrane Potentialsgamma-Aminobutyric AcidImmunohistochemistryNeural InhibitionTime FactorsMotor Neuron DiseaseNeurons, EfferentAnimals, NewbornBrainPyramidal CellsDopamineNeuropeptidesMedulla OblongataExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsInterneuronsRats, WistarMesencephalonSignal TransductionCatsBiological ProductsSerotonergic NeuronsMolecular Sequence DataGlutamic AcidMice, TransgenicCalciumTetrodotoxinNerve NetTyrosine 3-MonooxygenaseBrain StemGanglia, InvertebrateBiological AssayNeuritesCell CountGreen Fluorescent ProteinsAfferent PathwaysMice, Inbred C57BLNeurogenesisBehavior, AnimalNerve Growth FactorsNeuronal PlasticityNeurogliaBiological TherapyRNA, MessengerNitrergic NeuronsAdrenergic NeuronsSubstantia NigraBiological ClocksGangliaCerebellumCell DifferentiationGanglia, SympatheticDose-Response Relationship, DrugThalamusMice, KnockoutAmino Acid SequencePhysical StimulationEvoked PotentialsRats, Sprague-DawleyNerve DegenerationCell SurvivalNociceptorsSerotoninProsencephalonGene Expression RegulationCholine O-AcetyltransferaseBiological MarkersMacaca mulattaNeocortexMutationReceptors, N-Methyl-D-AspartateSuperior Cervical GanglionAplysiaCorpus StriatumGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGABA AntagonistsExcitatory Amino Acid Antagonists