• Cancer precision medicine draws on the presence of somatically acquired changes in the tumor, which serve as predictive markers of response to drugs and other therapies. (nature.com)
  • Commonly these markers are individual genetic changes, such as driver mutations affecting oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, or copy-number alterations thereof. (nature.com)
  • Alpha fetoprotein, a tumor marker. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • Racial and Ethnic Differences in Breast Cancer Survival: Mediating Effect of Tumor Characteristics and Sociodemographic and Treatment Factors. (curehunter.com)
  • Recent research demonstrates that tumors originate from the Cancer S tem Cells (CSCs) or Tumor Initiated Cells (TIC) [ 1 ], which are called breast cancer stem cells in breast cancer. (omicsonline.org)
  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common form of malignant tumor and is characterized by high rates of proliferation and metastases. (hindawi.com)
  • In this present study, we found that circIFT80 was abnormally overexpression in colorectal cancer tissues and tumor cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by high rates of proliferation and metastasis and represents the third most common form of malignant tumor and the fourth leading cause of mortality in the world, thus creating a serious threat to health [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • A tumor testing method that uses multiple samples and NGS technology to detect biomarkers which drive cancer growth or may predict response to therapies. (accc-cancer.org)
  • Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck malignant tumor and is ranked the eighth leading cause of cancer worldwide. (nature.com)
  • The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical and microscopic features of squamous cell carcinomas using immunohistochemical analysis and assessing biological markers of angiogenesis and tumor vascular activity (anti-CD31, anti-CD34, Factor VIII), cell proliferation (Ki-67), and loss of cell suppression (p53). (bvsalud.org)
  • Our findings suggest an important contribution of tumor markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of these malignancies, as well as in treatment planning. (bvsalud.org)
  • [ 35 ] Tumor markers such as CA125 are not good discriminators of benign lesions from malignant lesions in premenopausal women but have better accuracy in postmenopausal women. (medscape.com)
  • Many studies are using a combination of ultrasound, serum CA125 testing, and other tumor markers. (medscape.com)
  • Tailoring adjuvant chemotherapy regimens for patients with triple negative breast cancer. (curehunter.com)
  • Variation in type of adjuvant chemotherapy received among patients with stage I breast cancer: A multi-institutional study. (curehunter.com)
  • Noncoding RNAs, including circRNAs, microRNAs, and lncRNAs, have become a significant focus of research attention due to their crucial role in regulating the progression of multiple malignancies [ 5 ], including bladder cancer, gastric cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and pancreatic cancer. (hindawi.com)
  • Background Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignancy with high morbidity/mortality, partly due to a lack of reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis. (researchsquare.com)
  • Methods A multi-factorial evaluation could provide more objective utility, particularly for either prediction and/or prognosis of gastric cancer. (researchsquare.com)
  • Gastric cancer tissue arrays were generated from stomach samples with TNM stage, invasion depth and the demography of these patients (n = 185). (researchsquare.com)
  • Gastric cancer (GC) is an important disease with high morbidity and mortality. (researchsquare.com)
  • Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies, with an ever-increasing incidence and high mortality rate. (scienceopen.com)
  • Identifying and evaluating cancer biomarkers requires specific tests and interpretation of results. (accc-cancer.org)
  • A lab test that uses antibodies to identify and examine specific antigens in a tissue sample under a microscope, including specific cancer biomarkers. (accc-cancer.org)
  • The presence of advanced ovarian cancer is often suspected on clinical grounds but can be confirmed only pathologically by removal of the ovaries or, when disease is advanced, by sampling tissue or ascitic fluid. (medscape.com)
  • Routine imaging is not required in all patients in whom ovarian cancer is highly suggested. (medscape.com)
  • On MRI, endometriotic cysts with enhanced mural nodules are a hallmark of ovarian cancer, but they may also be a feature of benign neoplasms and even inflammatory diseases. (medscape.com)
  • In most cases, this approach may only serve to delay diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Instead, if a clinical suggestion of ovarian cancer is present, the patient should undergo a laparotomy for diagnosis and staging. (medscape.com)
  • Ovarian cancer does not lend itself to screening because it has a relatively low prevalence within the general population and no proven precursor lesion exists that can be detected and treated to prevent the cancer from occurring. (medscape.com)
  • No approved screening method is available for ovarian cancer. (medscape.com)
  • The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends against screening for ovarian cancer in the general population. (medscape.com)
  • The USPSTF found fair evidence that although screening with serum CA125 level or transvaginal ultrasonography can detect ovarian cancer at an earlier stage, earlier detection is likely to have a small effect, at best, on mortality from ovarian cancer. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, because of the low prevalence of ovarian cancer and the invasive nature of diagnostic testing, the USPSTF concluded that the potential harms outweigh the potential benefits. (medscape.com)
  • A randomized trial in a US population found that simultaneous screening with ultrasonography and CA125 did not reduce ovarian cancer mortality, and evaluation of false-positive results was associated with complications. (medscape.com)
  • The NCI recommends no screening methodology for women at normal risk for epithelial ovarian cancer, but these women should also be considered for research protocols seeking improved detection methods. (medscape.com)
  • Studies are trying to improve the accuracy of screening for early-stage ovarian cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Most are targeting perimenopausal or postmenopausal women or those with a family history of epithelial ovarian cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Large prospective trials include the United Kingdom Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening, a European trial of ovarian cancer screening, and the National Institutes of Health Prostatic, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (NIH-PLCO) cancer study. (medscape.com)
  • In cancer, the development of blood vessels can feed tumors and allow them to grow, and drugs that block angiogenesis are being tested as cancer treatment. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • Furthermore, the clear heterogeneity of CRC tumors indicates a clear need for new biological markers and therapeutic targets for CRC. (hindawi.com)
  • Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the DNA ploidy and S-Phase Fraction (SPF) of some Salivary Gland Tumors (SGTs) in Egyptian patients and to investigate the correlation between these two biological parameters and the presumptive behavior of these neoplasms. (researchgate.net)
  • Because cytology alone is not highly sensitive for detection of low grade urothelial carcinoma and recurrence of the disease, several adjunct markers and urine based tests for urothelial carcinoma have been developed, which can help in the final diagnosis. (medsci.org)
  • Other studies in oral cancer [23,24] reported that there is no relationship between the histopathological grade of oral epithelial dysplasia or oral squamous cell carcinoma and the ploidy status. (researchgate.net)
  • Treatment that is given before there is any indication that the cancer has spread to prevent or delay the development of metastatic breast cancer administered after surgery and/or radiation. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • Phase II Study of Lapatinib in Combination With Trastuzumab in Patients With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: Clinical Outcomes and Predictive Value of Early [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Imaging (TBCRC 003). (curehunter.com)
  • Randomized Phase III Trial of Paclitaxel Once Per Week Compared With Nanoparticle Albumin-Bound Nab-Paclitaxel Once Per Week or Ixabepilone With Bevacizumab As First-Line Chemotherapy for Locally Recurrent or Metastatic Breast Cancer: CALGB 40502/NCCTG N063H (Alliance). (curehunter.com)
  • Anti-cancer drugs used in combination with surgery and/or radiation to destroy residual cancer cells to prevent or delay recurrence. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • IHC indicates low expression of cystatin-B in neoplastic islands from the ITF as an independent marker for local recurrence. (nature.com)
  • The cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics (http://cbioportal.org) provides a Web resource for exploring, visualizing, and analyzing multidimensional cancer genomics data. (scienceopen.com)
  • The intuitive Web interface of the portal makes complex cancer genomics profiles accessible to researchers and clinicians without requiring bioinformatics expertise, thus facilitating biological discoveries. (scienceopen.com)
  • Here, we provide a practical guide to the analysis and visualization features of the cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics. (scienceopen.com)
  • Here, we used circRNA microarray sequencing technology to analyze the different circRNAs between CRC tissues and normal tissues and explore the role of circIFT80 in progression of colorectal cancer. (hindawi.com)
  • Jihye Kim received an American Association for Cancer Research Scholar-in-Training Award for the work she will be presenting at the AACR Annual Meeting in Chicago, Absolute risk prediction models for pancreatic cancer. (harvard.edu)
  • The positive expression of ALDH1 may play a role during the evolution of disease from ADH to breast cancer, as ALDH1 has a predicted value in outcome of breast cancer. (omicsonline.org)
  • The analyzed gene datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. (cancerindex.org)
  • We investigated the clinical significance of E2F1 gene expression in relation to its target genes, thymidylate synthase ( TS ) and Survivin , in case of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (aacrjournals.org)
  • The portal reduces molecular profiling data from cancer tissues and cell lines into readily understandable genetic, epigenetic, gene expression, and proteomic events. (scienceopen.com)
  • Epigenetics involves biological processes such as DNA methylation or histone modification that do not change the genome sequence but alter gene expression. (cdc.gov)
  • Because cancer therapeutics often target DNA synthesis or repair, we asked if mutational signatures make useful markers of drug sensitivity. (nature.com)
  • Molecular Cancer Therapeutics. (qub.ac.uk)
  • Epigenetic markers may shed light on potential causal links between SDOH and adverse health outcomes and are potentially modifiable, providing new approaches to therapeutics (e.g., cancer ). (cdc.gov)
  • We detect mutational signatures in cancer cell line exomes (where matched healthy tissues are not available) by adjusting for the confounding germline mutation spectra across ancestries. (nature.com)
  • Epigenetic markers also differ among various tissues. (cdc.gov)
  • This CLIA kit applies to the in vitro quantitative determination of Human CA724 concentrations in Serum, plasma and other biological fluids. (caslab.com)
  • Levels of other serum markers, such as placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH), may be elevated. (medscape.com)
  • Replication analyses across independent drug and CRISPR genetic screening data sets reveal hundreds of robust associations, which are provided as a resource for drug repurposing guided by mutational signature markers. (nature.com)
  • Therefore, defining biological signatures that allow assessing the prognostic outcomes for OSCC patients would be of great clinical significance. (nature.com)
  • Thus, the identification of complementary biological signatures that assist in the prognostic prediction of patients with OSCC is needed. (nature.com)
  • Epigenetic markers have been shown to be affected by natural, built, and social environmental exposures such as nutrition , stress , and air pollution . (cdc.gov)
  • Epigenetic markers can change over time and can also be inherited. (cdc.gov)
  • As a result, it can be difficult to determine if an epigenetic marker is the result of SES, the health outcome of interest, an indirect exposure from a previous generation, or another factor. (cdc.gov)
  • For example, environmental exposures could impact epigenetic markers in liver cells while having little or no impact on cells in the blood. (cdc.gov)
  • Any of various biological or biochemical indicators that serve to detect exposures to carcinogenic processes or to predict carcinogenic disposition. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • This type of testing is often used to detect certain markers associated with types of leukemia and lymphoma, many of which are identified by a CD (cluster of differentiation or cluster designation). (accc-cancer.org)
  • Because of the above, other types of molecular markers may be more useful to infer about failed DNA repair. (nature.com)
  • Molecular Phenotype of Breast Cancer According to Time Since Last Pregnancy in a Large Cohort of Young Women. (curehunter.com)
  • Further studies are now needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying circRNA action in the development and progression of cancers. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, elucidating specific molecular signalling pathways in specific cancers facilitates the success of a precision medicine approach. (researchsquare.com)
  • The breast cancer stem cells have the ability of infinite proliferation and multi-directional differentiation by themselves. (omicsonline.org)
  • When imaging studies demonstrate an adnexal mass, the decision whether to observe the patient with repeat imaging or to proceed to surgical evaluation must take into account not only the imaging characteristics but also the patient's medical history, physical examination results, and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) level. (medscape.com)
  • CDC is transforming its public health research, surveillance, and implementation science efforts to enhance the study of markers of health inequities and to identify and address the drivers of disparities in health outcomes. (cdc.gov)
  • The biological connections between SDOH and adverse health outcomes are not fully understood . (cdc.gov)
  • Research has also provided evidence that some individual markers of SES may be associated with health outcomes while other SES markers are not. (cdc.gov)
  • Lung cancer is a major cause of cancer-related deaths, and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprises ∼75% of all lung cancers ( 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Benign microscopic breast changes known as atypical hyperplasia may increase a woman's risk of developing breast cancer. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • Role of vascular density and normalization in response to neoadjuvant bevacizumab and chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. (curehunter.com)
  • Phase II study of tivantinib (ARQ 197) in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. (curehunter.com)
  • Abnormal amount of DNA in a cell, can correlate with a worse cancer. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • The removal of a sample of abnormal tissue that is microscopically examined for cancer cells. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • Because mutational signatures describe the state of the DNA repair machinery of a cancer cell, they may be able to serve as a drug sensitivity marker. (nature.com)
  • Data table showing topics related to specific cancers and associated disorders. (cancerindex.org)
  • Many commonly employed cancer drugs act by interfering with DNA synthesis or maintenance or by damaging DNA. (nature.com)
  • Two drugs, adriamycin and cytoxan, commonly used to treat breast cancer patients. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • The term hypoxia is used to describe biological situations where insufficient levels of oxygen exist. (mdpi.com)
  • Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) in patients receiving neoadjuvant and adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy for breast cancer: incidence and risk factors. (curehunter.com)
  • A cancer that develops in gland-forming tissue. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • Cancer invades this membrane and grows into adjacent tissue. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • A method of measuring certain characteristics of cells in a sample, such as unusual markers on the surface of cells or the number of healthy and cancerous cells. (accc-cancer.org)
  • Cancers will recur in 30-80% of cases, with a progression to muscle invasive disease of 1-45% within 5 year [ 2 , 3 ]. (medsci.org)
  • In addition to the clinical difficulties involved in distinguishing between cancerous lesions and inflammatory, proliferative lesions 2 , an additional challenge is to choose the optimal biopsy site for examination in a lesion with a suspected diagnosis of cancer. (bvsalud.org)
  • Currently, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) recommends that high-risk women should seek advice from their physician and consider having annual ultrasonographic examination and annual CA125 testing, and be considered for oophorectomy or participation in a clinical trial. (medscape.com)