Biological glycosylation. Medical search. Frequent questions

Glycosylation is the reaction in which a carbohydrate (or 'glycan'), i.e. a glycosyl donor, is attached to a hydroxyl or other functional group of another molecule (a glycosyl acceptor) in order to form a glycoconjugate. (wikipedia.org)
The Agilent AdvanceBio Glycan Mapping workflow provides a timesaving, optimized method to generate glycosylation profiles for these important biotherapeutics. (genengnews.com)
The glycan structure attached to the protein during glycosylation is particularly important because it affects biological activity. (genengnews.com)
They can be used for glycan profiling of various samples, including purified glycoproteins, cell/tissue lysates, membrane vesicles, complex biological samples, or entire cells. (muni.cz)
Large-scale analysis of glycosylation in organisms includes glycomics (glycan profiling) and glycoproteomics (glycosylation site profiling) ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Despite the importance of glycosylation and altered glycan structures in AD, the aberrant molecular and biochemical function of these glycosylated molecules to serve as disease modifiers remain largely elusive. (nih.gov)
The field includes the chemistry of carbohydrates, the enzymology of glycan formation and degradation, the recognition of glycans by specific proteins, the roles of glycans in complex biological systems, and their analysis and manipulation. (cshlpress.com)

C-linked glycans, a rare form of glycosylation where a sugar is added to a carbon on a tryptophan side-chain. (wikipedia.org)
Traditionally, it has been very difficult to study and monitor the alteration of glycosylation and glycans in relation to aging and early initiation of AD. (nih.gov)
However, several recently developed technologies now allow one to systematically monitor the change of protein glycosylation and glycans in various biological fluids from a large number of individuals. (nih.gov)
The best understood subclass is N -glycosylation, in which the glycans are linked to the N δ 2 atom of an Asn side chain. (iucr.org)

Patients with CDG have multisystem complications reflecting the central importance of glycosylation to the development and maintenance of most major organ systems in the human body. (ggc.org)

V-ATPases regulate the pH of a cellular structure called the Golgi apparatus, where glycosylation occurs. (medlineplus.gov)

They report their findings in a paper that features in the Journal of Biological Chemistry . (medicalnewstoday.com)

Defects in N-glycosylation and O-glycosylation constitute the largest CDG groups. (nih.gov)
These rare diseases are caused by defects in enzymes and proteins responsible for adding sugars onto proteins and lipids, a process known as glycosylation. (ggc.org)
GGC researchers are working to identify the transcriptome and protein changes that are most sensitive to global defects in glycosylation. (ggc.org)
Defects in glycosylation in cancer cells may allow the presentation of the native peptide. (ntu.edu.sg)
Both studies suggest that defects in rhodopsin glycosylation are associated with impairment of protein folding or stability. (jneurosci.org)

The enzyme encoded by this gene controls the initiation step of mucin-type O-linked protein glycosylation and transfer of N-acetylgalactosamine to serine and threonine amino acid residues. (nih.gov)
IL-11 contains no cysteine residues or potential glycosylation sites. (rndsystems.com)

Importantly, changes in glycosylation patterns were observed in various tumors, and the aberrant glycosylation is often associated with malignancy potential, tumor immune surveillance, and patients´ prognosis. (muni.cz)
Consequences of aberrant glycosylation on the unfolded protein response and protein homeostasis. (nih.gov)

Hypoglycosylation is the hallmark of a group of rare genetic diseases called congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). (nih.gov)
In this review, we highlight normal and deficient N-glycosylation of platelet-derived molecules and discuss the involvement of platelets in the congenital disorders of N-glycosylation. (nih.gov)
GGC's Research Division actively studies a group of inherited diseases called the Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation or CDG. (ggc.org)
Because problems with glycosylation underlie ARCL2A, the condition is classified as a congenital disorder of glycosylation. (medlineplus.gov)

Glycosylation and complex carbohydrates have been reported to play many critical roles in the early pathogenesis and progression of AD, but the potential of these molecules to serve as biomarkers and targets of disease intervention remains largely unexplored. (nih.gov)
Bioactive proteins, including biological drugs, can have additional modifications, including glycosylation - where sugar molecules are attached at various points. (pharmamanufacturing.com)
Knowledge of the three-dimensional structures of the carbo-hydrate molecules is indispensable for a full understanding of the molecular processes in which carbohydrates are involved, such as protein glycosylation or protein-carbohydrate interactions. (iucr.org)
The new study is an example of glycoproteomics, a type of biological investigation that allows scientists to study glycosylation, or the way that cells tag different locations on proteins with sugar molecules to alter their function and make them stable. (medicalnewstoday.com)
V-ATPases also play a key role in a complex process called glycosylation, in which proteins are modified by adding sugar molecules. (medlineplus.gov)
They originate from living organisms, usually microorganisms, and they have a basic function to transform specific biological substances inside that organism, so that the transformed molecules can be used in metabolism. (lu.se)

Can glycosylation mask the detection of MHC expressing p53 peptides by T cell receptors? (ntu.edu.sg)
Glycosylation of peptides is a promising strategy for modulating the physicochemical properties of peptide drugs and for improving their absorption through biological membranes. (rsc.org)

Post-transitional modifications of IGFBP, including glycosylation, phosphorylation and proteolysis, have been shown to modify the affinities of the binding proteins to IGF. (rndsystems.com)

The majority of proteins synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum undergo glycosylation. (wikipedia.org)
The steps in the synthesis of the lipid-linked sugar precursor for N-linked glycosylation- a process that occurs on both sides of the endoplasmic reticulum. (ggc.org)

Glycosylation also plays a role in cell-to-cell adhesion (a mechanism employed by cells of the immune system) via sugar-binding proteins called lectins, which recognize specific carbohydrate moieties. (wikipedia.org)
The glycosylation of cells reflects the biological species, tissue, and physiological state of the organism. (muni.cz)
Lectin arrays are widely used tools for analyzing glycosylation in proteins and cells. (muni.cz)
How do mesenchymal stem cells from different tissues differ in terms of their biological function? (promocell.com)
Because they lack glycosylation, they can be produced using different biological expression systems, including yeast and microbial systems as well as mammalian cells. (bioprocessintl.com)
But glycosylation, unfortunately, is a process deep inside your body that has dramatic effects on your cells. (oprah.com)

Glycosylation is known to affect various cellular and physiological functions including regulation of enzymatic activities, cell differentiation and morphogenesis. (nih.gov)
Expression of T17M was more toxic than T4K to transgenic photoreceptors, further suggesting that glycosylation at N15 plays a more important physiological role than glycosylation at N2. (jneurosci.org)

These glycoproteins are widely involved in important biological processes, such as antigen presentation, cytokine production and glycosylation progression. (frontiersin.org)
Glycosylation is an important post-translational modification of proteins, and glycoproteins are widely involved in various important cellular biological processes and diseases ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Many technologies are used to characterize biological products, manufacturing processes, and raw materials. (bioprocessintl.com)

Glycosylation is the process by which a carbohydrate is covalently attached to a target macromolecule, typically proteins and lipids. (wikipedia.org)
When proteins or lipids in the cell are abnormally glycosylated, their biological functions can become impaired. (ggc.org)
Glycosylation is a post-translational modification in which a sugar (or carbohydrate) is attached to a hydroxyl or other functional group of a macro molecule (such as DNA, lipids and proteins). (nih.gov)

IL-11 exerts its biological activities through binding to a specific high-affinity receptor having an apparent molecular mass of 150 kDa. (rndsystems.com)
80%) and biological pathways (such as adipocytokine, Notch, Hedgehog and NOD-like receptor signaling) were not identified by previous gene array studies. (mdpi.com)
Several mutations in the N terminus of the G-protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin disrupt NXS/T consensus sequences for N-linked glycosylation (located at N2 and N15) and cause sector retinitis pigmentosa in which the inferior retina preferentially degenerates. (jneurosci.org)
Mutations affecting glycosylation of the heptahelical G-protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin are associated with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a disease characterized by progressive degeneration of photoreceptors. (jneurosci.org)
However, despite growing biological and clinical significance, little is known about the structural arrangement of this receptor or any of its family members. (uci.edu)
A novel mutation in IFN-gamma receptor 2 with dominant negative activity: biological consequences of homozygous and heterozygous states. (lu.se)

Therefore, the goal of this Notice of Special Interest (NOSI) is to invite research projects using state-of-the-art methods of protein carbohydrate analyses to understand the potential impact of glycosylation on the etiology of AD and biomarker discovery. (nih.gov)

Complementation of a pathogenic IFNGR2 misfolding mutation with modifiers of N-glycosylation. (lu.se)

N-linked glycosylation is a very prevalent form of glycosylation and is important for the folding of many eukaryotic glycoproteins and for cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix attachment. (wikipedia.org)
N-linked glycosylation is the most prevalent posttranslational modification of plasma membrane and secretory proteins and participates in many important biological roles such as protein folding, intracellular targeting, immune response, cell adhesion, and protease resistance. (jneurosci.org)

Glycosylation is classified by the way the carbohydrate chain is linked to the protein. (iucr.org)
Eva Nordberg Karlsson works within the fields of enzymology and microbiology, with a focus on production and biomolecular development of carbohydrate-modifying enzymes for hydrolysis (oligo- and monosaccharides) and trans-glycosylation reactions (for glycoconjugates such as surfactants and antioxidants), using the carbohydrate polymers of the biomass as the starting material. (lu.se)

Once thought to be very rare, more and more CDG types that affect the different glycosylation pathways in the cell are being identified each year. (ggc.org)

Additional post-translational modifications, such as ubiquitination, sumoylation, acetylation and glycosylation have been detected in STAT5. (nature.com)

For better insight into the role of glycosylation in biological progress and diseases, glycosylation profiling strategies are necessary for glycobiology studies. (frontiersin.org)
Biological products have made a major transformation in the therapeutics of many diseases, particularly for chronic diseases involving overactive immune system or impaired immune surveillance 1 2 . (lww.com)

Protein glycosylation fulfils a variety of roles. (iucr.org)

The fabricated lectin arrays will be used to map the glycosylation changes at different stages of cell differentiation and under different physiopathological conditions. (muni.cz)
Mass spectrometry and lectin arrays are common technologies publicly adopted in glycosylation analysis. (frontiersin.org)

Mass spectrum-based high-throughput characterization of glycosylation as well as proteomic analysis has been used for years ( 7 - 11 ). (frontiersin.org)

Researchers suspect that changes in V-ATPase function may disrupt the normal glycosylation of proteins, including several that are involved in the assembly and maintenance of elastic fibers. (medlineplus.gov)

Although mutations T4K and T4N caused RD, N2S and T4V did not, demonstrating that glycosylation at N2 was not required for photoreceptor viability. (jneurosci.org)
In contrast, similar mutations eliminating glycosylation at N15 (N15S and T17M) caused rod death. (jneurosci.org)
Gains of glycosylation comprise an unexpectedly large group of pathogenic mutations. (lu.se)

All of these potentially toxic substances act as pollution to our biological city. (oprah.com)

We investigate the structural consequences of such peptide glycosylation by investigating the associated structural dynamics. (ntu.edu.sg)

Further studies suggest that rhodopsin requires glycosylation for incorporation into ROS membranes. (jneurosci.org)

In biology (but not always in chemistry), glycosylation usually refers to an enzyme-catalysed reaction, whereas glycation (also 'non-enzymatic glycation' and 'non-enzymatic glycosylation') may refer to a non-enzymatic reaction. (wikipedia.org)

Glycosylation is also present in the cytoplasm and nucleus as the O-GlcNAc modification. (wikipedia.org)

When the sugar latches onto protein on the outside of a cell, the sugar stays in the blood and gunks up the proteins in our body, making glycosylation the source of many aging-related problems such as heart disease, diabetes and nerve damage. (oprah.com)

This protein may function as a follow-up enzyme in the initiation step of O-glycosylation. (nih.gov)

The influence of glycosylation on the folding and stability of glycoprotein is twofold. (wikipedia.org)
Glycosylation can also module the thermodynamic and kinetic stability of the proteins. (wikipedia.org)
CircRNAs are more resistant to degradation compared with mRNAs and exhibit high biological stability because of the complete circular covalently linked structure [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)

Tight control of pH is necessary for most biological reactions to proceed properly. (medlineplus.gov)

N-linked glycosylation requires participation of a special lipid called dolichol phosphate. (wikipedia.org)

IGFBPs modulate the biological activities of IGF proteins. (rndsystems.com)

Overall, glycosylation needs to be understood by the likely evolutionary selection pressures that have shaped it. (wikipedia.org)

Recent pharmacological studies have confirmed the known traditional uses of these species, elucidated previously unknown mechanisms of biological action, and found evidence of new biological activities, such as anticancer, cytotoxic, antiallergic, and neuroprotective activities. (researchgate.net)

The actual structure can affect the level of interaction.Efficiently generate glycosylation profiles with a single-vendor solution. (genengnews.com)
This information then drove MD simulations and binding assays to understand how glycosylation controls structure and function. (nature.com)
Together, the human disease and animal models suggest that glycosylation plays a crucial role in the structure and/or function of rhodopsin. (jneurosci.org)
It is this 3D structure of the proteins in a biological drug, the report notes (in addition to its amino acid sequences), that give the drug its functional characteristics. (pharmamanufacturing.com)

Indeed, glycosylation is thought to be the most complex post-translational modification, because of the large number of enzymatic steps involved. (wikipedia.org)

In addition, glycosylation is often used by viruses to shield the underlying viral protein from immune recognition. (wikipedia.org)
We hypothesize that the underlying difference may arise from post-translational glycosylation of p161 in normal individuals, likely masking it against recognition by TCR. (ntu.edu.sg)

Considering that in 2013 the next-generation biologics market attained a value of more than $1.5 billion and achieved a CAGR of 30 percent since 2008, the next 10 years of development and market penetration for biological drugs hold great potential say visiongain analysts. (pharmamanufacturing.com)

Glycosylation is an important parameter in the optimization of many glycoprotein-based drugs such as monoclonal antibodies. (wikipedia.org)

Here we examined the role of rhodopsin glycosylation in biosynthesis, trafficking, and retinal degeneration (RD) using transgenic Xenopus laevis expressing glycosylation-defective human rhodopsin mutants. (jneurosci.org)
A plethora of biological agents are currently available in the market, including insulins, vaccines, human growth hormone, erythropoietin, interleukins, interferon, clotting factors and monoclonal antibodies 3 4 . (lww.com)

Soluble receptors are post-translationally modified and generally contain disulfide bonds and glycosylation sites. (promocell.com)

This paper presents the current state of knowledge on the biological activity and possible medicinal applications of selected species of the genus Ganoderma: Ganoderma adspersum (Schulzer) Donk, Ganoderma applanatum (Pers. (researchgate.net)

Anatomy13

Organisms12

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs107

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment31

Phenomena and Processes46

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science7

Health Care2

Glycan7

Glycans4

Importance of glycosylation1

Golgi1

Journal of Biolog1

Defects5

Residues2

Aberrant2

Congenital4

Molecules6

Peptides2

Phosphorylation1

Endoplasmic reticulum2

Cells6

Physiological2

Processes3

Lipids3

Receptor6

Protein carbohydrate1

Modifiers1

Prevalent2

Carbohydrate2

Pathways1

Acetylation1

Diseases2

Roles1

Lectin arrays2

Characterization1

Disrupt1

Mutations3

Substances1

Consequences1

Membranes1

Chemistry1

Nucleus1

Sugar1

Initiation1

Stability3

Reactions1

Requires1

Modulate1

Understood1

Mechanisms1

Structure4

Complex1

Recognition2

Potential1

Drugs1

Human2

Sites1

Species1