Biological bacteria quantitative microbial risk assessment. Medical search. Frequent questions

In rural areas, 5,979 water samples (77.54%) were found to be contaminated by coliform bacteria and 3,431 (44.50%) by Escherichia coli . (iwaponline.com)
In urban areas, 1,268 (10.95%) of the samples contained coliform bacteria and 293 (2.53%) of these samples contained E. coli , with the factor of rainfall associated with 1,081 samples (9.33%) with bacterial contamination. (iwaponline.com)

An epidemiological approach to monitoring sewer systems is especially relevant for an early warning of pathogens used as biological weapons. (scienceopen.com)
The aim of this review of published literature and reports is to assess the feasibility of monitoring sewage systems as an early warning system for the release of pathogens from an intentional, natural, or accidental biological contamination event. (scienceopen.com)
In the paper, we build a quantitative model for the emergence of antibiotic resistance genes in human pathogens and populate it using the few numbers that are available on different processes (bacterial uptake, horizontal gene transfer rates, rate of mobilization of chromosomal genes, etc.) in the literature (1) . (microbiology.se)
In short, we find that in order for the environment to play an important role in the appearance of novel resistance genes in pathogens, there needs to be a substantial flow of bacteria from the environment to the human microbiome . (microbiology.se)
Robust disease surveillance is a cornerstone of global health efforts that range from detecting emerging pathogens and epidemics to the control or elimination of vaccine-preventable diseases, HIV, malaria, and neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) ( http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/9789241564540/en/ ) ( 2 - 4 ). (cdc.gov)
Antibodies are unique among biomarkers in their ability to identify persons with protective immunity to vaccine-preventable diseases and to measure past exposure to diverse pathogens that range from viruses to bacteria, parasitic protozoa, and nematodes. (cdc.gov)
essential public health issue for all countries this has not, however, been the case with since foodborne disease, whether due to regard to foodborne diseases, which remain microbial pathogens, biotoxins or chemical a great challenge. (who.int)

I am very interested to study the effects of these pollutants on the ecology and function of soil microbial communities using biochemical (PLFA) and molecular biology techniques. (moa.gov.cy)
This work demonstrates the power of genome-resolved metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses, which unify taxonomy and function, in investigating the ecology of dehalogenating microbial communities. (bvsalud.org)

These carbohydrates act as nutrients for biofilm bacteria, especially acidogenic and aciduric species. (bvsalud.org)
Bacteria often switch from a free-living lifestyle to a surface adapted, structured lifestyle known as a biofilm. (southampton.ac.uk)
We found that subpopulations of biofilm bacteria undergo cell death and lysis as a feature of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm life cycle. (southampton.ac.uk)
We isolated and named this phage, showed that it becomes superinfective to its host during biofilm development, and found that it plays a role in phenotypic diversification of biofilm bacteria. (southampton.ac.uk)
Legionnaires' disease is a potentially fatal pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila , an aquatic bacterium often found within the biofilm niche. (frontiersin.org)
In this study, the anti-biofilm activity of previously fabricated polyamino-phenolic ligands and polyamidoamine dendrimers was investigated against legionella mono-species and multi-species biofilms formed by L. pneumophila in association with other bacteria that can be found in tap water ( Aeromonas hydrophila , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae ). (frontiersin.org)

Distribution patterns of soil microbial eukaryotes suggests widespread algivory by phagotrophic protists as an alternative pathway for nutrient cycling. (unine.ch)

Mycorrhizal fungi, nitrogen free living bacteria, and phosphate solubilizing bacteria are important microbial groups that have been recognized as plant growth promoting microorganisms. (moa.gov.cy)

The work of the BfR is based on a number of national legal regulations - including the founding law of the Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, the Food and Feed Code (LFGB), Protection Against Infection Act (IfSG), Plant Protection Act, Chemicals Act, Washing and Cleaning Agents Act), and Genetic Engineering Act. (wikipedia.org)
The results show that the time of infection is associated with the microbial dynamics in the genital tract. (cdc.gov)
This result implies that more emphasis should be placed on understanding the changes in the microbial dynamics of the upper genital tract over the course of infection. (cdc.gov)
Introduction: Periodontal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory process that occurs in response to infection from bacteria in dental plaque. (bvsalud.org)
The recommended schedule for monitoring is based on the patient's risk for chronic infection. (medscape.com)

Serial dilutions were then made to evaluate microbial viability. (bvsalud.org)
Descriptive data analysis and, for microbial viability, Mann Whitney test were performed (p0.05). (bvsalud.org)
Bacterial ability to form biofilms was verified using a crystal violet colorimetric assay and testing cell viability by real-time quantitative PCR and Plate Count assay. (frontiersin.org)

II POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL AGENTS IN SEWAGE A wide variety of pathogenic organisms pass through municipal waste-water treatment systems. (scienceopen.com)
2005. Variation for neutral markers is correlated with variation for quantitative traits in the plant pathogenic fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola . (hutton.ac.uk)

In your first year, your modules give you an insight into various biological and chemical disciplines, including biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, microbiology and physiology. (kent.ac.uk)
Professor Jeremy S Webb is Professor of Microbiology within Biological Sciences at the University of Southampton. (southampton.ac.uk)

Since plastics are known to sorb hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) there is a question of what risk of chemical exposure is posed to aquatic biota from microplastic-associated contaminants. (researchgate.net)

However, little is known about the functional role of symbiotic bacteria in photogranulation. (bvsalud.org)

For almost 40 years, Bonde's (1966) attributes of an ideal indicator have served as an effective model of how a fecal contamination index for public health risk and treatment efficiency should function ( Box 4-1 ). (nationalacademies.org)
2013. Quantitative analysis of microbial contamination in private drinking water systems. (vt.edu)

It is estimated that 50% or less of those individuals infected with enteric viruses or bacteria actually become ill (Haas et al. (scienceopen.com)
As a biochemist you study the way living organisms - from viruses and bacteria to mammals, plants and other higher organisms - function at the molecular level. (kent.ac.uk)

Molecular genetics has been and is a very useful tool used to better understanding of genes underlying quantitative traits associated with increasing crop yields or improving food quality. (intechopen.com)

Several mechanisms cause deterioration of food and limit their shelf life: biochemical or microbial decay, chemical changes - especially oxidation (rancidity of fats, respiration of fruits and vegetables, discoloration, vitamin loss) -, physical deterioration (moisture migration, water loss or uptake). (eurekaselect.com)
Addressing those 'big questions' of high societal relevance have the merit of creating high visibility and also funding opportunities, however, classic comparative physiology and biochemistry is running the risk of becoming marginalized in this process, if the underlying physiological and biochemical processes cannot be visualized accordingly. (easychair.org)

In man-made water systems microbial biofilms increase the resistance of legionella to disinfection, posing a significant threat to public health. (frontiersin.org)

The interdisciplinary Risk Communication department conducts research projects on risk perception, early risk detection and risk impact assessment relating to new methods such as nanotechnology, changes in the nutritional behaviour of consumers following risk communication, or the prioritisation of risks by different social interest groups. (wikipedia.org)
Historic definitions of microbial indicators, such as coliforms, have been tied to the methods used to measure them. (nationalacademies.org)
Box 4-2 lists desirable biological attributes of indicators and Box 4-3 lists desirable attributes of methods. (nationalacademies.org)
The review presents our conclusions on: (1) the potential biological agents that might be released into a sewage system, (2) the likely background level of those agents in sewage, (3) laboratory methods and detection, and (4) the probability of detecting select biological agents in sewage. (scienceopen.com)
Mamina L.V. Metodika ocenki sostojanija rekreacionnyh vodoemov urbanizirovannyh territorij: sani-tarno-gigienicheskij aspekt [Methods for the assessment of conditions of the recreation water reservoirs at the urban lands: sanitary and hygienic aspect]. (fcrisk.ru)
the way the immunocompromised host and the aggressive ICU environment interact is only partially discovered, the available biomarkers for diagnosis are not sufficient to ensure prompt differentiation between sick patients and patients at risk, the microbiological cultures require invasive techniques and time consuming methods. (springeropen.com)
dc.title: Applications of the indirect fluorescent antibody test in malaria dc.contributor.author: SIVANESARAJAH, Y dc.description.abstract: Various methods have been employed in the epidemiological assessment of malaria. (who.int)

Investigators will develop a context-specific healthcare facility assessment tool to evaluate current antibiotic stewardship practices and needs across multiple institutions in various countries and regions globally. (cdc.gov)
In order to evaluate potential risk factors, Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA) method has been applied. (magiran.com)

In addition, students become qualified to pursue graduate studies in any of several areas of study within the Biological Sciences and the health professions. (wiu.edu)
Students planning to major in the Biological Sciences should have three years of Mathematics and one year each of Biology, Physics, and Chemistry in high school. (wiu.edu)
Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, UK. (southampton.ac.uk)
Director of the Graduate School of Biological Sciences. (southampton.ac.uk)
BSc (Hons) Biological Sciences. (southampton.ac.uk)

Grow widely independent of other organisms present, when inculcated in artificial media (i.e., indicator bacteria should not be seriously inhibited in their growth by the presence of other bacteria). (nationalacademies.org)
As only the fossil record can give us information about species numbers in past times and most of the soft-bodied organisms did not leave any fossil remains behind, quantitative data on patterns of diversification and extinction throughout geological time are very scarce. (groms.de)
Unlike probiotics which are live organisms, prebiotics are non-living substances (usually carbohydrates) that function as food sources for beneficial bacteria. (trilinkbiotech.com)

According to the study results, in terms of the likelihood of environmental impacts on the main considered criteria of natural and man-made environments, the former's effect is a priority risk, weighing 0.670 and primarily important. (magiran.com)
Considering the recognized factors that lead to probable risks of pipelines along with their most notable outcomes, the paper suggests environmental management plans on how to control and reduce the potential impacts, with an emphasis on elimination of the most likely causes. (magiran.com)

Marine tests showed an inhibition of growth with the two different algal species (P. tricornutum and D. tertiolecta), an inhibition of bioluminescence in the bacterium A. fischeri, an alteration on the correct early development of the serpulid F. enigmaticus larvae and immobilization of the copepod A. tonsa individuals at both 24 and 48 hours of exposure. (easychair.org)
This dramatic change in human gut microbiota-estimated to be ~1,000 species of bacteria-might be coincident with weight loss, but Zhao and other researchers think otherwise, and believe that these bacteria actually play a key role in regulating body weight. (trilinkbiotech.com)

Briones, A. & Raskin, L. Diversity and dynamics of microbial communities in engineered environments and their implications for process stability. (nature.com)

These findings suggest quantitative considerations for building scientific confidence in NAM-based systemic toxicity predictions. (nih.gov)
The traditional use of organic solvents in various branches of industry is being rethought as these compounds very often display high volatility, toxicity and lipophilicity (related to the ability to interact with biological membranes). (easychair.org)
Reviews of data on exposure and toxicity relevant to assessment of effects upon human health prepared under contract by Coad (1992) and the Midwest Research Institute (MRI, 1991), respectively, were also consulted in the preparation of the Supporting Documentation. (canada.ca)

Mine-waste calcines can be especially hazardous because they contain highly elevated Hg concentrations and soluble Hg salts and Hgo, which under certain conditions, can oxidize to Hg(II) and subsequently transform into methyl-Hg (CH3Hg+) through microbial processes, primarily by the action of sulfate reducing bacteria. (cdc.gov)
Although an ecological risk assessment has been prepared, the focus of this assessment of 2-nitrotoluene relates primarily to human health risks. (gc.ca)

1987). An alternative means of demonstrating the relationship to health risk is through correlation between prospective indicator concentration and pathogen levels (Gerba et al. (nationalacademies.org)

The following specialised groups are established in the department: Crisis Prevention and Coordination Risk Research, Perception, Early Detection and Impact Assessment Press and Public Relations Scientific Event Management A key task of the department for Exposure is the analysis, modelling and estimation of consumer exposure to the undesirable substances and microbiological hazards to be assessed by the BfR. (wikipedia.org)
The article provides the assessment of the microbiological values of water bodies if they are used for recreational purposes and distinguishes the epidemiologically significant parameters. (fcrisk.ru)
Drozdova E.V., Buraja V.V., Kozlova T.O., Firago A.V. Rezul'taty gigienicheskoj ocenki vody vodnyh ob#ektov v zonah rekreacii po mikrobiologicheskim pokazateljam kak osnova dlja nauchnogo obosnovanija indikatornyh pokazatelej bezopasnosti [Results of the hygienic assessment of water of water bodies in the recrea-tion areas under the microbiological indicators as the basis for the scientific justification of the indicative safety values]. (fcrisk.ru)

The bioremediation efficiency of this approach is largely determined by the successful colonization of fastidious OHRB, which is highly dependent on the presence of proper growth niches and microbial interactions. (bvsalud.org)
Accordingly, a comparatively higher abundance of Dehalococcoides as major OHRB, together with a lower abundance of fermenting bacteria and methanogens, was observed in CE40_NPC-4 with staggered fermentation, which indicated the balanced syntrophic and competitive interactions between OHRB and other populations for the efficient dechlorination. (bvsalud.org)

Because the threat level drives the risk assessment analysis, a monitoring system should be coordinated with findings from modeling studies on the survival and dispersion of contaminants (Kim et al. (scienceopen.com)
however, a new way of risk management and definition has been proposed since 1995 and labeled as Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA). (eurekaselect.com)
QRA is a 3-step process (risk management, risk analysis/assessment, risk communication) and results in the definition of some Public Goals, labeled as ALOP (Appropriate Level of Protection) and FSO (Food Safety Objectives), along with some intermediate parameters (performance objectives and criteria, process criteria), useful to maintain the risk below a certain threshold. (eurekaselect.com)
Metagenomic analysis was highly sensitive in detecting the microbial community response to gold nanospheres and nanorods with either cetyltrimethylammonium bromide or polyacrylic acid surface coatings. (nature.com)
To assess water quality and water security in rural and urban areas of southern Brazil, a quantitative, retrospective analysis of water samples collected monthly by the Brazilian health authorities (19,687 samples from 2013 to 2021) was performed. (iwaponline.com)
For such substances, estimated exposure is compared to quantitative estimates of cancer potency to characterize risk and provide guidance for further action (i.e., analysis of options to reduce exposure). (canada.ca)
For dichloromethane, such a comparison suggests that the priority for analysis of options to reduce exposure, based upon consideration of health risk only, would be low to moderate. (canada.ca)

The qualitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) framework can be used as a tool to develop and interpret this type of wastewater monitoring system. (scienceopen.com)

Foodborne diseases are a global threat both in Developing and Industrialized Countries thus forcing Public Agencies to define some key-concepts for a correct management of the risk associated with foods. (eurekaselect.com)
NICEATM and NC3Rs are partnering with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, and NCATS to direct the MPS for COVID Research (MPSCoRe) working group. (nih.gov)
Moreover, individuals who have high levels of plasma CRP demonstrated an increased risk of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disorders 25 . (bvsalud.org)
The risk-based approach must be backed and trade is aggravating the widespread by information on the most appropriate outbreaks of foodborne diseases. (who.int)
Recent changes in human demographics and food preferences, changes in food production and distribution systems, microbial adaptation, and lack of support for public health resources and infrastructure have led to the emergence of novel as well as traditional foodborne diseases. (cdc.gov)

1994. Threshold limit values for chemical substances and physical agents and biological exposure indices for 1994-1995. (cdc.gov)
Wastewater presents a time dynamic collection point where many physical, chemical, and biological substances of our society are brought to a central location. (scienceopen.com)

Growth of organohalide-respiring bacteria such as Dehalococcoides mccartyi on halogenated organics (e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)) at contaminated sites or in enrichment culture requires interaction and support from other microbial community members. (bvsalud.org)
Chemical interaction with matrix molecules is hypothesized, based on SEM images and considering the low or absent anti-microbial activity on planktonic bacteria showed by flow cytometry. (frontiersin.org)

Exploration of issues surrounding impact assessment for sustainable development in different sectors, including their limitations. (mcgill.ca)

Scientific findings must be communicated in a transparent and understandable manner in order to promote rational handling of risks. (wikipedia.org)
The BfR has the statutory remit of communicating risks and informing the public about possible health risks and the research findings on which they are based in the fields of food safety, chemicals safety and product safety. (wikipedia.org)

Database assessment of health and environmental effects of munition production waste products. (cdc.gov)
Conventional weapons demilitarization: A health and environmental effects database assessment. (cdc.gov)
On the other hand, environmental hazards caused by oil pipes of water quality in Shadegan wetland has been ranked first, with a relative weight of 0.389 to contain the highest level of risk. (magiran.com)
CICADs join the Environmental Health Criteria documents (EHCs) as authoritative documents on the risk assessment of chemicals. (inchem.org)
Probabilistic modelling of prospective environmental concentrations of gold nanoparticles from medical applications as a basis for risk assessment. (nature.com)
Pursuant to section 74 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA 1999), the Ministers of the Environment and of Health have conducted a screening assessment on benzene, 1-methyl-2-nitro- (2-nitrotoluene), Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number 88-72-2. (gc.ca)
Margins of exposure were not calculated for non-cancer effects in this assessment since non-cancer effects occurred at a dose at which tumours were observed and because the information available indicates that exposures of the general Canadian population to 2-nitrotoluene from either environmental media or consumer products are expected to be negligible. (gc.ca)
Environmental Biology : Principles and practice of Environmental Assessment (EA) in Canada and internationally. (mcgill.ca)

Microbial water quality indicators are used in a variety of ways within public health risk assessment frameworks, including assessment of potential hazard, exposure assessment, contaminant source identification, and evaluating effectiveness of risk reduction actions. (nationalacademies.org)

Consumer health protection comprises the research, assessment and communication of risks. (wikipedia.org)
1987. Health assessment for Alabama Army Ammunition Plant, Talladega County, Alabama, region 4. (cdc.gov)
The most important biological attribute is a strong quantitative relationship between indicator concentration and the degree of public health risk. (nationalacademies.org)
It was revealed that there is a lack of human health assessment studies on most indoor air pollutants in almost all GCC countries, except the United Arab Emirates, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, where few attempts were made for some specific pollutants. (degruyter.com)
Many of the current health assessment studies in GCC countries were based on predictions and/or estimates of exposures rather than clinically based observational studies. (degruyter.com)
2008), the contaminant point of introduction (Danneels and Finley, 2004), the health risk (Haas et al. (scienceopen.com)
The overall objectives of the IPCS are to establish the scientific basis for assessment of the risk to human health and the environment from exposure to chemicals, through international peer review processes, as a prerequisite for the promotion of chemical safety, and to provide technical assistance in strengthening national capacities for the sound management of chemicals. (inchem.org)
Concise International Chemical Assessment Documents (CICADs) are the latest in a family of publications from the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) a cooperative programme of the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Labour Organization (ILO), and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). (inchem.org)
Last August, my post entitled Meet Your Microbiome: The Other Part of You dealt with growing recognition that trillions of microbes-mostly bacteria but also fungus-reside in and on each of us, and influence our health status. (trilinkbiotech.com)

NAMs for chemical hazard assessment are often evaluated in comparison to animal studies. (nih.gov)

According to the definition "risk = hazard x exposure", it checks for every risk assessment whether and in which concentration consumers are exposed to hazardous noxious agents and thus describes the magnitude of a risk. (wikipedia.org)

Also, Likret Scale has been applied to quantify the qualitative (verbal) data, thus reducing the uncertainty of oil pipeline's risk evaluation. (magiran.com)

Studies on the assessment of indoor air pollutants in terms of concentration and characterization in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have been recently carried out. (degruyter.com)
The assessment of whether dichloromethane is "toxic", as defined under CEPA, was based on the determination of whether it enters or may enter the Canadian environment in a concentration or quantifies or under conditions that could lead to exposure of humans or other biota to the extent that adverse effects could result. (canada.ca)

Additionally the implementation of analytical chemistry regarding the fate of these pollutants in the environment will also help us to understand their relation with microbial community. (moa.gov.cy)

The purpose of this document is to provide an overview of the modes of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the workplace, an assessment of the risk of transmission under various assumptions, principles underlying the control of risk, and specific risk-control recommendations for employers and workers. (cdc.gov)

The risk degree for diversity and density of benthos is 12.6 and 6.3for fish, both higher than other parameters of water systems in Shadegan wetland. (magiran.com)

This chapter describes desirable attributes of an indicator, typical applications of indicators, indicator attributes that are appropriate for such applications, and provides an assessment of whether current indicators and indicator approaches are meeting the needs of each application. (nationalacademies.org)
Bojcov A.G., Lastovka O.N., Kashkarova G.P., Blagova O.E. Ocenka kachestva vody po biologicheskim pokazateljam: puti sovershenstvovanija [Water quality assessment under the biological indicators: the ways of improvement]. (fcrisk.ru)

This means that it is not subject to any technical supervision by law with respect to its scientific risk assessments and thus has an important scientific reference and orientation function for consumers, politics (federal and state), the economy, the media, associations and science in the case of unresolved scientific questions and during crises. (wikipedia.org)

We observed that the gold-nanoparticle morphology imposes a stronger force in shaping the microbial community structure than does the surface coating. (nature.com)
Fig. 2: Taxonomic shifts in the SBR microbial community structure throughout the nanoparticle-dosing period. (nature.com)

In this context, it is not just the risks themselves that are important, but also their communication in the media and how they are perceived. (wikipedia.org)

2018. Predator-prey mass ratio drives microbial activity under dry conditions in Sphagnum peatlands. (unine.ch)

They present a research agenda for how this knowledge can be used to engineer self-fertilising crops, thereby foregoing the need for assessment of whole systems will require partnerships among biologists, engineers, economists, and social scientists from across academia, industry, and government. (resilient.world)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylo- coccus aureus are the most frequent colonizing agents whereas group A beta-haemolytic streptococci are the most virulent bacteria. (who.int)
Legionella genus includes aerobic, motile, gram-negative bacteria that are the etiological agents of legionellosis. (frontiersin.org)

Further experiments with microbial source tracking analyses suggested enhanced colonization of OHRB by increasing the inoculation ratio of CE40. (bvsalud.org)

The aim of this study is to assess the risk factors of pipelines and prioritize their severity in order to prevent their effects in Shadegan International wetland, Iran. (magiran.com)

Organisms4

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Information Science1

Health Care2

Coliform bacteria2

Pathogens7

Ecology2

Biofilm6

Soil microbial1

Microorganisms1

Infection5

Viability3

Pathogenic2

Microbiology2

Aquatic1

Symbiotic1

Contamination2

Viruses2

Traits1

Biochemical2

Biofilms1

Methods7

Evaluate2

Sciences5

Organisms3

Impacts2

Species2

Communities1

Toxicity3

Primarily2

Pathogen1

Microbiological3

Interactions2

Analysis7

Framework1

Diseases5

Substances2

Interaction2

Impact assessment1

Findings2

Environmental8

Exposure assessment1

Health9

Chemical1

Hazard1

Data1

Concentration2

Pollutants1

Principles1

Diversity1

Indicators2

Function1

Community2

Important1

Activity1

Research1

Agents2

Source1

Factors1