Biogenesis micrornas are small noncoding rnas micro rna that regulates. Medical search. Frequent questions

MiRNAs regulate nearly half of the messenger RNAs in cells, and each miRNA can have up to several hundred target genes. (longlonglife.org)
Potential host target genes were predicated and validated by qRT-PCR to study the impact of microRNAs on the host genes. (hindawi.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate the expression of target genes through mRNA cleavage, translational repression and DNA methylation. (plantae.org)
2004) Evolution of microRNA genes by inverted duplication of target gene sequences in Arabidopsis thaliana . (ttu.edu)
An additional nine genes were identified in tammar that do not have an orthologous miRNA target in human and likely represent novel miRNA-regulated genes in the tammar. (biomedcentral.com)
The characterization of new miRNA target genes and a unique profile for crasiRNAs has allowed for insight into multiple RNA mediated processes in the tammar, including gene regulation, species incompatibilities, centromere and chromosome function. (biomedcentral.com)
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome encodes multiple microRNA genes of its own. (stanford.edu)
Some miRNAs are hosted in pri-miRNAs annotated as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and defined as MIRHGs (for miRNA Host Genes). (mdpi.com)
We identified seven putative target genes ( MTDH , EPN3 , TPD52 , CYP27B1 , LMAN1 , STAT1 and TXNDC12 ) that were coordinately regulated by miR-145-5p and miR-145-3p in lung SCC. (oncotarget.com)
RNA polymerase II mainly transcribes microRNA genes as primary miRNA transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that contain 5′cap and 3′poly(A) tails ( 28 ). (frontiersin.org)
Each microRNA can regulate the expression of hundreds of genes by blocking mRNA translation and/or inducing mRNA decay. (thegomap.org)
MicroRNA genes reside in regions of the genome as distinct transcriptional units as well as in clusters of polycistronic units. (thegomap.org)
RNA polymerase II transcribes microRNA genes, generating long primary transcripts. (thegomap.org)
Among the most pressing questions regarding this unusual class of regulatory microRNA-encoding genes is how their expression is regulated. (thegomap.org)
Since the mechanism of transcription of microRNA genes is similar to mRNAs, we hypothesize that in cancer cells, MTp53 alters the abundance of a subset of cellular microRNAs by regulating the activity of the above-mentioned transcription factors. (thegomap.org)
Having identified the common set of microRNAs regulated by MTp53, we will next investigate (1) whether candidate microRNAs are also regulated by other aggressive mutants of p53 (such as R175H) (2) changes in transcription and regulation of candidate microRNA genes by MTp53 and MTp53-interacting transcription factors such as E2F1, ETS1 and p63/p73. (thegomap.org)
Whithout mutations we would know very little about inheritance and the existence of genes. (intechopen.com)
MicroRNAs are small non-coding post-translational biomolecules which, when expressed, modify their target genes. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
In this review, we focus on the role of cardiomyocyte-derived and cardiac fibroblast-derived microRNAs that are involved in the regulation of genes associated with cardiomyocyte and fibroblast function and in atherosclerosis-related cardiac ischemia. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
miRNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II into long primary miRNA transcripts, termed pri-miRNAs that are usually several kilobases long and possess a 5' CAP and a poly(A) tail. (biomedcentral.com)
Because miRNAs may regulate approximately 60% of human genes [ 11 ], the relationship between miRNAs and human diseases has been extensively explored in the last decade. (cdc.gov)

These are small RNAs that do not code for proteins, but will interact with gene transcripts, messenger RNAs (mRNAs), or transcriptional modulators, to control them. (longlonglife.org)
The first class of small RNAs identified were the micro RNAs (miRNAs), which are small (~22 nt) non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by base pairing to mRNAs where they direct either mRNA cleavage or repress translation [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
MicroRNAs constitute a large family of ~21-nt-long RNAs loaded by AGO proteins to form the miRISC complex, which silences specific target mRNAs. (smallrna-bioinformatics.eu)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that bind complementary messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to repress gene expression and regulate essentially all cellular processes 19 . (nature.com)
Extensive microRNA-mediated crosstalk between lncRNAs and mRNAs in mouse embryonic stem cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Recently, a handful of intergenic long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to compete with mRNAs for binding to miRNAs and to contribute to development and disease. (ox.ac.uk)
MicroRNAs regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by binding to 3′- or less often to 5′-untranslated regions of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which in consequence leads to inhibited translation and/or induces degradation of targeted mRNA [ 1 ]. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
Through this mechanism, a single microRNA can alter the function of multiple mRNAs. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
In this study, the miRNAs and their target mRNAs in the Argonaute2 (Ago2) complex of nucleus and cytoplasm of gastric cancer cells were characterized using high-throughput sequencing of RNAs isolated by crosslinking immunoprecipitation (HITS-CLIP). (biomedcentral.com)
The double-stranded RNA duplex leads RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), containing a member of the conserved Argonaute (Ago) protein family, to target sites of mRNAs, resulting in the destabilization of the mRNAs and/or inhibition of translation [ 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that bind to the 3' UTR of target mRNAs, and silence gene expression by inducing degradation of target mRNAs or inhibition of protein translation [ 10 ]. (cdc.gov)

The core components of RNA silencing machinery involve several evolutionarily conserved protein families, including DICER (DCR) or DICER-LIKE (DCL), ARGONAUTE (AGO), and, in some cases, RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE (RDR). (ttu.edu)
Mechanistically, PTTG3P upregulated the expression of miR-383 targets Cyclin D1 (CCND1) and poly ADP-ribose polymerase 2 (PARP2) by sponging miR-383, acting as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). (biomedcentral.com)
The primary microRNA (Pri-miRNA) is produced in the cell nucleus through the transcription of a DNA strand mediated by RNA polymerase II [ 2 ]. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)

MicroRNAs display exquisite stability in serum or plasma because they are packaged in membrane-encapsulated vesicles or protected by RNA-binding proteins. (gene-quantification.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) guide repressive proteins onto specific target RNAs. (smallrna-bioinformatics.eu)
We found that miR-BART6-5p RNAs suppress the EBNA2 viral oncogene required for transition from immunologically less responsive type I and type II latency to the more immunoreactive type III latency as well as Zta and Rta viral proteins essential for lytic replication, revealing the regulatory function of miR-BART6 in EBV infection and latency. (stanford.edu)
These vesicles are carriers of active or non-autonomous function biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNA and non-coding regulatory RNA. (spandidos-publications.com)
Exosomal markers include microRNAs like miR-21 and miR-141, plus various proteins that belong in functional groups such as tetraspanins (CD9, CD63 and CD81), heat shock proteins (Hsp70, Hsp73 and Hsp90) and membrane transporters (GTPases) ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
It is estimated that microRNAs regulate production of approximately 60% of all human proteins and enzymes that are responsible for major physiological processes. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
The antiviral dsRNA-binding proteins, NF90/NF110, act as key regulators in circRNA biogenesis. (ijbs.com)

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small noncoding RNAs, preserved throughout the evolution, able to regulate gene expression through repression of translation or degradation of target molecules of messenger RNA. (bvsalud.org)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that function as guide molecules in RNA silencing. (gene-quantification.com)
MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNA molecules that can complementarily bind to the mRNA 3'-UTR region to regulate the gene expression by transcriptional repression or induction of mRNA degradation. (gene-quantification.com)
many studies have shown that small RNA molecules called microRNAs circulate in the blood in cell-free mode. (gene-quantification.com)
Small RNAs have proven to be essential regulatory molecules encoded within eukaryotic genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules that are not translated into protein products. (nature.com)
Catalysed by members of the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) family of enzymes, adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing converts adenosines in RNA molecules to inosines, which are functionally equivalent to guanosines. (stanford.edu)
This has a biological significance in controlling the amount of functional RNA molecules in the cell, in expanding the functionality of a limited set of transcripts, and in defending the cell against certain RNA viruses. (stanford.edu)

Xie Z . (2010) Piecing the Puzzle Together: Genetic Requirements for miRNA Biogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana . (ttu.edu)
Non-canonical pathways for miRNA biogenesis, including those that are independent of Drosha or Dicer, are also emerging. (gene-quantification.com)
We find that the core microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis and targeting machinery maintains the sensitivity of cancer cells to PD-1-independent T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. (nature.com)
We validated these findings experimentally by temporally profiling transcriptome-wide changes in gene expression following the loss of miRNA biogenesis in mESCs. (ox.ac.uk)

Small RNAs include microRNA (miRNA), siRNA, tRFs, piRNA, and rasiRNAs, which regulate gene expression in a wide range of processes such as viral replication and host immune response. (hindawi.com)
These small RNAs, which include microRNA (miRNA) and several classes of small interfering RNAs (siRNA), play important roles in regulating gene expression, heterochromatin formation, and defense against invading viruses. (ttu.edu)

These short RNAs participate in a diverse array of cellular processes including gene regulation, chromatin dynamics and genome defense. (biomedcentral.com)
As part of the genome sequencing initiative for the tammar, we have explored the evolution of each of the major classes of mammalian small RNAs in an Australian marsupial for the first time, including the first genome-scale analysis of the newest class of small RNAs, centromere repeat associated short interacting RNAs (crasiRNAs). (biomedcentral.com)
We examined each of these small RNA classes with respect to the newly assembled tammar wallaby genome for gene and repeat features, salient features that define their canonical sequences, and the constitution of both highly conserved and species-specific members. (biomedcentral.com)
This study encompasses the first analyses of the major classes of small RNAs for the newly completed tammar genome, validates preliminary annotations using deep sequencing and computational approaches, and provides a foundation for future work on tammar-specific as well as conserved, but previously unknown small RNA progenitors and targets identified herein. (biomedcentral.com)
Small RNAs play important roles in many aspects of pre- and post-transcriptional gene regulation, epigenetic modifications, chromosome segregation and genome structure. (biomedcentral.com)
The other approach is to screen CRISPR-Cas9-based guide RNA (gRNA) libraries that target either the whole genome using cancer cell and immune cell co-culture systems 9 , 10 , or focused gene sets using immunocompetent murine tumors 11 , 12 . (nature.com)
Bombyx mori cypovirus (BmCPV) is a double-stranded RNA virus with a segmented genome that causes cytoplasmic polyhedrosis disease in silkworm larvae. (engreen.com.cn)
Our results revealed that BmCPV-miR-1 was encoded by BmCPV genome RNA rather than the degraded fragments of the viral genome. (engreen.com.cn)

Three classes of small RNAs (smRNAs) have been described, microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
SncRNAs are less than 200 nt in length, consisting of microRNAs (miRNAs), Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), endogenous small interfering RNAs (endo-siRNAs or esiRNAs) and transcription initiation RNAs (tiRNAs) [ 6 ]. (ijbs.com)

Xie Z , Khanna K, Ruan S. (2010) Expression of MicroRNAs and Its Regulation in Plants. (ttu.edu)
The rapid pace of studies on microRNA regulation and function necessitates the development of suitable techniques for measuring and modulating microRNAs in different model systems. (gene-quantification.com)
Up to now, the regulation of microRNA levels has been mainly explained by the regulation of microRNA biogenesis alone, neglecting microRNA turnover pathways. (smallrna-bioinformatics.eu)
This emerging pathway, named TDMD for Target-Directed MicroRNA Degradation, enables highly specific microRNA decay subsequently to the proteolysis of AGO by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and in this way, provides a new layer of microRNA regulation. (smallrna-bioinformatics.eu)
in this way, vesicle-free miRNA may regulate cell-to-cell communication including the regulation of gene expression and cellular signaling. (frontiersin.org)
MicroRNAs are an abundant class of small non-coding RNAs that play key roles in gene regulation. (thegomap.org)
Our findings suggest that the increased invasiveness of MTp53 cells could be partly mediated by increased levels of oncogenic microRNAs and down-regulation of tumor suppressor microRNAs. (thegomap.org)
Beyond these reports, little is yet known of the extent and functional consequences of miRNA-mediated regulation of mRNA levels by lncRNAs. (ox.ac.uk)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of small (approximately 22 nt) endogenous non-coding RNAs that direct post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
More so, our results show that the epigenetic regulation of TE transcription is dynamically regulated throughout life (Paper II), upon the beginning of neuroinflammation (Paper III), and in a disease-driving polymorphic TE insertion (Paper IV). (lu.se)

Certain primary transcripts of miRNA (pri-microRNAs) undergo RNA editing that converts adenosine to inosine. (stanford.edu)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory non-coding RNAs, resulting from the cleavage of long primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) in the nucleus by the Microprocessor complex generating precursors (pre-miRNAs) that are then exported to the cytoplasm and processed into mature miRNAs. (mdpi.com)
98% of RNA transcripts in humans are non-coding ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)

These highly upregulated microRNAs may have crucial roles in Adv pathogenesis and are potential biomarkers for adenovirus-infected pneumonia. (hindawi.com)
Originally identified as moderate biological modifiers, microRNAs have recently emerged as powerful regulators of diverse cellular processes with especially important roles in disease and tissue remodeling. (gene-quantification.com)
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play critical roles in regulating post transcriptional gene expression. (k-state.edu)
Emerging evidence indicates that Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in tumor progression, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (biomedcentral.com)

Research in my laboratory is directed to understand how multiple small RNA pathways operate in plants using genetic, genomic, and biochemical approaches. (ttu.edu)
Plants, therefore, provide a unique system to study the genetic diversification and functional adaptation of small RNA pathways. (ttu.edu)
Xie Z , and Qi X. (2008) Diverse small RNA-directed silencing pathways in plants. (ttu.edu)
2004) Genetic and functional diversification of small RNA pathways in plants. (ttu.edu)
Their multi‑functional cargo have been indicated to regulate a vast number of biological pathways in target cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Based on this concept, we have identified microRNA- (miRNA) mediated oncogenic pathways in lung SCC. (oncotarget.com)
The identification of microRNAs regulated by multiple p53 mutants in a panel of cell lines will be indicative of key pathways relevant to mutant p53-mediated tumorigenesis. (thegomap.org)
The biogenesis of miRNAs is divided into two canonical and non-canonical pathways. (cmbr-journal.com)

A survey of the tammar gonadal piRNAs shows that these small RNAs are enriched in retroelements and carry members from both marsupial and tammar-specific repeat classes. (biomedcentral.com)
Another class of important small RNAs is the piRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)

If smORFs present within lncRNAs can encode functional small peptides, they can also constitute cis -regulatory elements involved in lncRNA decay. (mdpi.com)
50% of lncRNAs and their miRNA-dependent mRNA targets were up-regulated coordinately, consistent with their interaction being miRNA-mediated. (ox.ac.uk)
Pseudogene, a subclass of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are considered as genomic loci that resemble real gene, but lost some functionality because they are lack of protein-coding ability because of disabling mutation, lack of transcription, or their inability to encode RNA [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A series of studies indicate that lncRNAs serve as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) by sponging miRNAs, and modulate the targets of miRNAs [ 15 , 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
ncRNAs can be classified into long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and small ncRNAs (sncRNAs) [ 4 ]. (ijbs.com)

Thus, it would be of interest to identify molecular biomarkers which indicate predisposition to the development of HD, and as microRNAs (miRNAs) circulate in bio-fluids they would be particularly useful biomarkers. (fortuneonline.org)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) serve a role in gene expression, primarily by interacting with messenger RNAs, and may be potential biomarkers for detecting cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)
miR-1254 and miR-574-5p: serum-based microRNA biomarkers for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. (genosensor.co)
In this study, in general, the biogenesis and the role of miRNAs, the origin of miRNAs, viral miRNAs, miRNA detection procedures, in silico miRNA analysis tools, miRNA-based therapies and their obstacles, and miRNAs as potential non-invasive biomarkers are discussed. (cmbr-journal.com)

In addition to molecular causes such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and chromatin remodelling, gene expression can be regulated by the action of non-coding RNAs . (longlonglife.org)
The primary function of miRNAs is to regulate gene expression after transcription via their link to messenger RNAs. (longlonglife.org)
Expression profiles of whole blood microRNAs were altered and distinctly different in adenovirus-infected children. (hindawi.com)
Also, viral infection has proved to have a great impact on cellular small RNA expression and gene expression [ 9 - 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
miRNAs regulate gene expression in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes such as in immune response and viral replication [ 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
PURPOSE: It has been explored that sevoflurane (Sevo) is cardioprotective in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI) and mediates microRNA (miRNA) expression that control various physiological systems. (bvsalud.org)
Sevo up-regulated miR-99a to inhibit BRD4 expression in myocardial tissues of MI/RI mice. (bvsalud.org)
Liu X, Huang J, Wang Y, Khanna K, Xie Z , Owen HA, Zhao D. (2010) The role of floral organs in carpels , an Arabidopsis loss-of-function mutation in MicroRNA160a , in organogenesis and the mechanism regulating its expression. (ttu.edu)
Increasing evidence suggests a new mechanism by which miRNAs may regulate target gene expression by binding in promoter and amino acid coding regions. (gene-quantification.com)
The spatial and temporal distribution of microRNAs in organisms is tightly regulated, and aberrant microRNA expression leads to disease. (smallrna-bioinformatics.eu)
Here the authors identify chromatin-bound RNAs and their binding sites in human embryonic stem cells suggesting that most chromatin-associated RNAs act proximal to their encoding loci and single RNAs are unlikely to alter gene expression. (nature.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by preventing the translation of specific messenger RNAs. (stanford.edu)
Animal and plant genomes produce numerous small RNAs (smRNAs) that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally affecting metabolism, development, and epigenetic inheritance. (biomedcentral.com)
Integration of smRNA and mRNA expression profiling identified a variety of processes that could be under microRNA control, e.g. protein modification, signaling, gene expression, and response to DNA damage. (biomedcentral.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression inside the cell. (frontiersin.org)
The overall goal of this project is to understand how gain-of-function mutations in TP53 alters microRNA expression in cancer cells. (thegomap.org)
Using this strategy, we found that MTp53 expressing H1299 cells had significantly increased expression of several oncogenic microRNAs and decreased abundance of select tumor suppressor microRNAs. (thegomap.org)
To further establish the role of MTp53 in regulating microRNAs expression, we will knockdown endogenous MTp53 in lung, breast and colorectal cancer cell lines and perform deep sequencing. (thegomap.org)
MicroRNA 429 Regulates Mucin Gene Expression and Secretion in Murine Model of Colitis. (genosensor.co)
Several studies demonstrate important associations between differential expression of micro-RNAs (miRs) and the prognosis of CRC. (biorxiv.org)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that function as novel gene expression regulators at the post-transcriptional level. (engreen.com.cn)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in many developmental and cellular processes. (biomedcentral.com)
More importantly, circRNAs serve as microRNA (miRNA) sponges and crucial regulators of gene expression. (ijbs.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an integral part of the post-transcriptional machinery of gene expression and have been implicated in the carcinogenic cascade. (cdc.gov)

The most important small non-coding RNAs in epigenetics are microRNAs (miRNAs) , which consist of an average of eighteen to twenty-two nucleotides. (longlonglife.org)
The other group of non-coding RNAs that play an important role in epigenetics is the so-called long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA for LongNonCodingRNA) , because they are composed of more than 200 nucleotides. (longlonglife.org)

The mature miRNA is then loaded onto an Argonaute protein (Ago2 in humans) where it then interacts with and regulates the mRNA target. (biomedcentral.com)
A microRNA strand is transferred to the Argonaute complex (AGO), forming an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), and guides it to pair with the target mRNA through binding of the microRNA seed sequence with the microRNA recognition site on the mRNA. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)

Changes in the activity of these RNAs lead to premature aging or positively influence longevity , depending on the target and the mechanism used. (longlonglife.org)
Each class of small RNAs is synthesized by a distinct mechanism and each has discrete biological functions. (biomedcentral.com)
However, recent studies have described an endogenous mechanism of microRNA degradation based on binding specific target RNAs to microRNAs with extensive complementarity. (smallrna-bioinformatics.eu)
In this Journal Club, Edmund Loh explores the pioneering work of Kurt Nordström and colleagues, which uncovers the importance of a small RNA in plasmid replication and elucidates its mechanism of action. (nature.com)
The second pathway has a divergent mechanism for the biogenesis of miRNAs. (cmbr-journal.com)

Exosomes are one of the most researched classes of extracellular vesicles because they are carriers of targeted protein and DNA/RNA loads. (spandidos-publications.com)
Drosha, RNase III, and DGCR8, the RNA-binding protein, further process pri-miRNAs into stem-loop structured precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs) of ~70 nt ( 29 ). (frontiersin.org)
After pre-miRNAs are transported to the cytoplasm, RNase III Dicer and TRBP (transactivation-response RNA-binding protein) cleave them into double-stranded miRNA duplexes of ~22 nt ( 30 , 31 ). (frontiersin.org)
Then, the Dicer protein can act on the pre-miRNA and cleave the end loop of the pre-miRNA to generate a double-stranded RNA with a length of approximately 22 base pairs (bp) [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, pumilio homolog 2 (PUM2), a RNA-binding protein, mediated the packaging of miRNA-130a into exosomes. (dovepress.com)
After 4 weeks of conversion, we performed global analyses of RNA and protein levels by RNA-sequencing and mass spectrometry. (lu.se)

Xie Z ., Cheng H. (2017) Interplay and transition between small RNA-directed posttranscriptional and transcriptional gene silencing in plants. (ttu.edu)
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel type of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells during post-transcriptional processes. (ijbs.com)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with viral replication and host immune response. (hindawi.com)
Qi X, Bao FS, and Xie Z. (2009) Small RNA Deep Sequencing Reveals Role for Arabidopsis thaliana RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases in Viral siRNA Biogenesis. (ttu.edu)
Editing of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded BART6 microRNAs controls their dicer targeting and consequently affects viral latency. (stanford.edu)

Most importantly, miR-BART6-5p RNAs silence Dicer through multiple target sites located in the 3'-UTR of Dicer mRNA. (stanford.edu)
Subsequently, the pri-microRNAs are processed to mature microRNAs in a two step process involving RNase-III enzymes (Drosha and Dicer). (thegomap.org)
Pre-miRNA is exported to the cytoplasm by exportin-5 and cleaved by Dicer (an RNA degrading enzyme) and produces approximately 22 nucleotide RNA duplexes. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)

So far, 2578 human mature microRNAs are known (miRBase release 20). (gene-quantification.com)

Exosomes are small lipid bilayer-surrounded extracellular vesicles released from cells into the extracellular space or biological fluids ( 1 , 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Recent studies have shown that microRNAs regulate several cancer-related biological processes, including enhanced proliferation, tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. (thegomap.org)

Not with standing that the biogenesis and function of miRNAs are well-understood in eukaryotes, little is known about RNA virus-encoded miRNAs. (engreen.com.cn)

A new study shows that increased levels of reactive oxygen species in cancer induce widespread, sequence-specific modifications of guanines in the seed regions of microRNAs, altering the targets of those miRNAs and influencing tumorigenesis. (nature.com)

We also found that the tumor suppressor miRNA, let-7, was significantly down-regulated by mutant p53 in all the cell lines that tested. (thegomap.org)
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been demonstrated to be essential stromal components in the tumor microenvironment, regulating cancer cell growth, migration, invasion, and chemo-response through various mechanisms. (dovepress.com)

MicroRNAs are powerful modulators of plaque progression and transformation into a vulnerable state, which can eventually lead to plaque rupture. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)

Small RNAs are important regulators that modulate development, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of organisms [ 15 , 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
RNA modifications have emerged as key gene regulators. (nature.com)

Inhibition of Let7c microRNA is neuroprotective in a rat intracerebral hemorrhage model. (genosensor.co)

This study aims to reveal the mechanisms of miRNA-RNA interactions in nucleus and cytoplasm. (biomedcentral.com)
microRNA-mRNA interactions occur in nucleus and cytoplasm of gastric cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Based on published data about target RNA patterns leading to TDMD and phylogenetic conservation, we developed a computational tool for the in silico identification of RNA sites that induce microRNA degradation through TDMD. (smallrna-bioinformatics.eu)
Editing of miRNAs affects their biogenesis, causes their degradation or alters the set of messenger RNAs that they regulate. (stanford.edu)

Furthermore, circulating microRNAs in the serum are resistant to lysis and are stable against RNase, as they are hidden in microparticles, apoptotic bodies, etc. [ 1 ]. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)

2005) microRNA-directed phasing during trans-acting siRNA biogenesis in plants. (ttu.edu)

MicroRNA-29b-2-5p inhibits cell proliferation by directly targeting Cbl-b in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. (genosensor.co)
There is a growing body of evidence which demonstrates that following ACS, microRNAs might inhibit fibroblast proliferation and scarring, as well as harmful apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and stimulate fibroblast reprogramming into induced cardiac progenitor cells. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)

However, it has been proven that more than 62% of genomic DNA serves as a template for transcription, which indicates that there are abundant non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in human transcriptome [ 2 , 3 ]. (ijbs.com)

The miRNAs regulate root elongation, lateral root (LR) formation and adventitious root (AR) development in response to hormone signaling, nutrient uptake and biotic/abiotic stress. (chinaagrisci.com)
This review focuses on the mechanisms by which vesicle-free miRNAs are secreted from neuroendocrine cells and will discuss potential functions of vesicle-free miRNAs and how vesicle-free miRNAs regulate cell-to-cell communication. (frontiersin.org)

To test the hypothesis that mutations in p53 can regulate transcription of microRNAs in cancer cells, we decided to use stable cell lines expressing MTp53 in p53-null H1299 lung cancer cells. (thegomap.org)
After transcription, Pri-miRNA is cleaved by the enzymatic complex DROSHA into a micro-RNA precursor (pre-miRNA). (archivesofmedicalscience.com)

This study performs a literature review of miRNA, focusing on aspects related to biogenesis, mechanisms of action and potential role of these small RNAs in oral carcinogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
Understanding their mechanisms may lead to the development of microRNA cocktails that can potentially be used in regenerative cardiology. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)

Most eukaryotic organisms possess highly conserved RNA silencing machinery that generates 21- ~ 24-nucleotide small RNAs from double stranded RNA precursors. (ttu.edu)
We identified a set of 21 novel smRNAs that share stringent key features with functional microRNAs from other model organisms. (biomedcentral.com)

Furthermore, their biogenesis, composition and function have been associated with viruses, an entirely different domain of life. (spandidos-publications.com)
Our results provide new evidence supporting the hypothesis that RNA viruses could generate miRNAs to modulate antiviral host defense. (engreen.com.cn)
CircRNAs were first identified in RNA viruses in the 1970s [ 12 - 14 ]. (ijbs.com)

Intensive investigations have identified a collection of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their functional machineries in cytoplasm. (biomedcentral.com)

Among the miRNAs up-regulated in H1299-MTp53 cells and these cell lines expressing p53shRNAs, was the oncogenic miRNA miR-155, a recently discovered target of MTp53. (thegomap.org)

and RNA decay. (gene-quantification.com)

If the sequence complementarity is perfect, binding of the miRNA will cause a deterioration of the messenger RNA . (longlonglife.org)

The biogenesis of miRNAs is under tight temporal and spatial control, and their dysregulation is associated with many human diseases, particularly cancer. (gene-quantification.com)
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and is divided into three subtypes according to pathogenesis: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma [ 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
MicroRNA-328 is associated with (non-small) cell lung cancer (NSCLC) brain metastasis and mediates NSCLC migration. (genosensor.co)
Chemoresistance is a significant barrier to the treatment and management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (dovepress.com)
4 As the primary type of lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) exhibits multiple histological types, such as bronchoalveolar carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. (dovepress.com)

There is a constant crosstalk between microRNAs derived from various cell sources. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)

Wang M, Yu F, Wu W, Zhang Y, Chang W, Ponnusamy M, Wang K, Li P. Circular RNAs: A novel type of non-coding RNA and their potential implications in antiviral immunity. (ijbs.com)

The development of more specific and sensitive assays will further illuminate the biology behind microRNAs and will advance opportunities to safely pursue them as therapeutic modalities. (gene-quantification.com)

Anatomy1

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs16

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Phenomena and Processes8

Information Science2

Genes21

MRNAs11

POLYMERASE3

Proteins7

Molecules8

MiRNA biogenesis4

Include microRNA2

Genome8

Piwi-inte2

Regulation10

Transcripts3

Roles4

Pathways8

PiRNAs2

LncRNAs5

Biomarkers4

Expression24

Nucleotides2

ARGONAUTE2

Mechanism5

Protein6

Transcriptional2

Viral3

Dicer3

Mature microRNAs1

Biological2

Function of miRNAs1

Targets1

Tumor2

Modulators1

Regulators2

Inhibition1

Nucleus and cytoplasm2

Degradation2

Apoptotic bodies1

SiRNA1

Proliferation2

NcRNAs1

MiRNAs regulate2

Transcription2

Mechanisms2

Organisms2

Viruses3

Cytoplasm1

Oncogenic1

Decay1

Complementarity1

Cancer5

Crosstalk1

Antiviral1

Therapeutic1