• MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) play an active role in the regulation of gene expression by modifying mRNA stability and translation, usually through specific albeit partial complementary binding to the 3′ untranslated region. (nature.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of small (approximately 22 nt) endogenous non-coding RNAs that direct post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are 18-25 nt small RNAs playing critical roles in many biological processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are an abundant group of small RNAs with length ranging from 18 to 25 nucleotides, averaging 22 nucleotides, and performing post-transcriptional regulation of the expression of genes involved in a wide variety of biological processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that these protein-coding genes were enriched for transcriptional regulation-related terms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 5. Rodriguez A, Griffiths-Jones S, Ashurst JL, Bradley A. Identification of mammalian microRNA host genes and transcription units. (ac.ir)
  • Moreover, though there are many environmental influences on genes, mammalian pheromones are the only known social-environmental stimuli that appear to activate gene expression in neurosecretory cells of tissue in the brain, an organ that is essential to any organ system involved in behavior. (microrna.pro)
  • For instance, the association of mitochondria with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in a juxtaposition known as Mitochondria-Associated Membrane (MAM), has an important role in controlling mitochondria biogenesis, Ca 2+ release, and lipid synthesis and apoptosis [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Recently, folate has been linked to tRNA cytosine-5 methylation (m 5 C) and translation in mammalian mitochondria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mitochondria not only serve as power plants in cells but also act as crucial regulators in many biological processes, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling, redox balance, calcium homeostasis, protein quality control, and programmed cell death ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The main obstacle is because many protein components of mitochondria are the network hubs of multiple biological pathways. (frontiersin.org)
  • Given the complexity of the biological function of mitochondria, researchers have begun to consider rescuing the injured cells through mitochondrial transfer, that is, replacing damaged mitochondria with healthy mitochondria from donor cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • discovered that mammalian oocytes store translationally repressed maternal mRNAs in hydrogel-like membraneless compartments that co-localise with mitochondria. (cellgs.com)
  • Functional analysis showed that they were preferentially involved in several early-development related biological processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Functional analysis further demonstrated that hES lincRNAs were preferentially involved in multiple development processes including embryo development, ribosome biogenesis, and aging. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Biomedical Science covers the area of basic science which focuses on the study of fundamental biological processes involved in health and disease. (york.ac.uk)
  • Recent studies have discovered that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are novel regulatory molecules that play important roles in various biological processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Luciferases have become indispensable for the study of fundamental cellular processes including the regulation of transcription and translation, mRNA and protein stability, and nucleic acid/protein interactions. (neb.com)
  • If a chemical compound targeting one of these hubs is used, it can not only modify the anticipated biological pathways but also change other unexpected mitochondrial processes ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Androgens are the main physiologic anabolic steroid hormones and normal testosterone levels are necessary for a range of developmental and biological processes, including maintenance of muscle mass. (frontiersin.org)
  • Systematical profiling and comprehensive annotation of embryonic stem cells lincRNAs may not only bring a clearer big picture of these novel regulators but also shed light on their functionalities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on multiple RNA-Seq datasets, we systematically identified 300 human embryonic stem cell lincRNAs (hES lincRNAs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • As the first global profiling and annotating of human embryonic stem cell lincRNAs, this work aims to provide a valuable resource for both experimental biologists and bioinformaticians. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Combining a comprehensive collection of human embryonic stem cell RNA-Seq datasets with Human BodyMap 2, we validated that 295 previously annotated lincRNAs were expressed in multiple human embryonic stem cell samples and further identified five novel hES lincRNAs through de novo assembling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, we surveyed and manually screened published hES RNA-Seq datasets in several public repositories, resulting in a list of 31 wild-type human embryonic stem cell samples. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition to 5mC, the 6-methyladenine (6mA) DNA modification has recently been identified in eukaryotes, including mammalian stem cells, but its role in gene regulation and cell fate determination remains poorly understood. (hku.hk)
  • In 2016, the first discovery of 6mA in mammalian stem cells was reported, which sparked interest in elucidating its function. (hku.hk)
  • Michael T. McManus focuses mostly in the field of Cell biology, narrowing it down to matters related to Embryonic stem cell and, in some cases, Chromatin. (research.com)
  • It is only through understanding embryonic metabolism and development that we can derive and maintain different in vitro stem cell states for disease modeling and therapies. (conditionmed.org)
  • encoded by Nfe2l2 gene) is a transcription factor responsible for the regulation of cellular redox balance and protective antioxidant and phase II detoxification responses in mammals [ 1 , 2 ]. (springer.com)
  • His Cell biology research is multidisciplinary, incorporating elements of Cellular differentiation, Transcription factor, Regulation of gene expression, Centrosome cycle and Centriole elongation. (research.com)
  • Dynamic regulation and requirement for ribosomal RNA transcription during mammalian development. (stowers.org)
  • Mammalian oocytes accumulate a large number of mRNAs through active transcription -producing mRNAs for their own needs as they grow into fertilizable eggs. (cellgs.com)
  • Eventually, transcription ceases during the final stages of oocyte growth and resumes only when the embryonic genome is activated upon fertilisation. (cellgs.com)
  • The fertilized oocyte is totipotent, with resultant blastomeres capable of generating all three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, in addition to the extra embryonic tissues. (conditionmed.org)
  • HO-1 and their products exert beneficial effects through the protection against oxidative injury, regulation of apoptosis, modulation of inflammation as well as contribution to angiogenesis. (springer.com)
  • The dysfunction is associated with issues with apoptosis and normal cellular metabolic regulation, all regulated through OPA1. (thermofisher.com)
  • DNA methylation, including the prevailing 5-methylcytosine (5mC) modification, is a fundamental epigenetic mechanism that regulates various biological functions, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and embryogenesis. (hku.hk)
  • This highly complex 'protein biogenesis' process is assisted by a diverse network of folding catalysts and protein-modifying enzymes and is scrutinized by molecular chaperones and other 'quality control' factors which ensure that only correctly folded and assembled proteins exit the ER and proceed to distal compartments of the secretory pathway. (stanford.edu)
  • This Precis provides an overview of the book " The Scent of Eros: Mysteries of Odor in Human Sexuality ," which details for a general audience a five-step biological pathway that allows the social environment to influence the genetic nature of mammalian behavior. (microrna.pro)
  • Thus, human pheromones may fulfill the biological criteria required to link at least one aspect of a sensory-based, nurturing, social environment: olfaction, to the genetic nature of human behavior through a five-step pathway common to all terrestrial mammals and to many other vertebrates. (microrna.pro)
  • Collectively, we describe a new H3K9me3-sensing and regulatory pathway that operates to epigenetically silence evolutionarily young ERVs and exert substantial effects on host genome integrity, transcriptomic regulation, immunity and development. (bvsalud.org)
  • Onco-condensates, which refer to those that have causal roles or are critically involved in tumorigenicity, operate to abnormally elevate biological output of a proliferative process, or to suppress a tumor-suppressive pathway, thereby promoting oncogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Biostatistics areas of interest include development of advanced statistical techniques and methodologies for design of biological experiments, collection and analysis of the data from those experiments and interpretation of, and inference from, the results. (nih.gov)
  • Of interest are development of computational and mathematical algorithms and tools, modeling techniques and approaches for understanding the complexity of biological systems, and utilization of big datasets and data science methods for model construction. (nih.gov)
  • This light emission can be easily detected and measured, making luciferases ideal for the development of biological reporter systems. (neb.com)
  • While miR-137 overexpression was not associated with an observable specific phenotype, downregulation by antisense morpholino and/or transgenic expression of miR-sponge RNA induced significant impairment of both embryonic and larval touch-sensitivity without compromising overall anatomical development. (nature.com)
  • This, in turn, affected cell fate determination, highlighting the importance of understanding the role of 6mA in embryonic development. (hku.hk)
  • Further understanding of the crRNA biogenesis mechanism, together with development of new RNA-editing domains, may provide new insights to establish better RNA editing tools for both research and clinical applications. (hku.hk)
  • Only 60% of yeast and 73% of the human RBPs have functions assigned to RNA biology or structural motifs known to convey RNA binding, and many intensively studied proteins surprisingly emerge as RBPs (termed 'enigmRBPs'), including almost all glycolytic enzymes, pointing to emerging connections between gene regulation and metabolism. (nature.com)
  • RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) mediate pivotal cellular functions such as RNA transport, degradation or translation and represent key effectors of post-transcriptional gene regulation. (nature.com)
  • We illustrate where such mechanisms of pattern formation arise in biological systems from cellular to tissue scales, with an emphasis on morphogenesis. (mpi-cbg.de)
  • In particular, this phenomenon is often highlighted as a key mechanism that mediates the biogenesis of functional MLOs and aggregated structures linked to abnormal cellular signals for human diseases, and is further discussed in this review . (cellgs.com)
  • Epithelial to mesenchymal transition during mammalian neural crest cell delamination. (stowers.org)
  • MLOs undergoing the LLPS process have been linked to diverse biological functions, including adaptive/innate immune signalling, gene expression output, regulation of the concentrations of biomolecules and maintenance of cell morphogenesis. (cellgs.com)
  • Our understanding of the roles of maternal RNAs in oogenesis and embryogenesis has not yet described where and how repressed maternal mRNAs are stabilised and sequestered in mammalian oocytes during maternal-embryonic transition. (cellgs.com)
  • Parallel CRISPR-Cas9 screens identify mechanisms of PLIN2 and lipid droplet regulation. (stanford.edu)
  • Our findings indicate that posttranslational modification of SR proteins underlies the regulation of their mRNA export activities and distinguishes pluripotent from differentiated cells. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Further studies on the roles of LLPS in various biological activities and disease conditions are still needed to improve and translate LLPS-based therapeutics into clinical practice. (cellgs.com)
  • Recently developed unbiased high content techniques to identify RBPs in vivo yielded information on differences in cell type-specific expression and/or RNA-binding activity of RBPs in mammalian cells 2 , 3 . (nature.com)
  • Single cells represent a fundamental biological unit. (justia.com)
  • However, the vast majority of biological knowledge has emerged as a consequence of studying cell populations and not individual cells. (justia.com)
  • Naturally secreted from the deep sea copepod Gaussia princeps (3) (Figure 1), Gaussia Luciferase (GLuc) was first used in a sensitive analytical assay in 2002 (4) and later commercialized by NEB for expression in mammalian cells. (neb.com)
  • Appropriate regulation of autophagy is crucial for clearing toxic proteins from cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Further, we found that the cytokine interferon-β (IFN-β) can induce miR-1 expression in mammalian cells, reducing TBC1D15 levels, and safeguarding against proteotoxic challenges. (elifesciences.org)
  • Preserving maternal RNA transmitted by an oocyte to its progeny is an essential aspect of oogenesis, yet not much is known about how this is achieved in mammalian species. (cellgs.com)
  • 10-12)) have limited roles in silencing endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), one of the main transposable element classes in the mammalian genome13. (bvsalud.org)
  • Regulation of actin dynamics and analysis of genomic influences on actin function. (upstate.edu)
  • Elucidate the structure, dynamics and functions of intrinsically disordered proteins and protein regions (IDPs/IDRs) and their biological regulation by Post-translational modifications. (upstate.edu)
  • mTORC1, also known as mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 or mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1, is a protein complex that functions as a nutrient/energy/redox sensor and controls protein synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Folate is an essential B-group vitamin and a key methyl donor with important biological functions including DNA methylation regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These findings increase understanding of the biological functions and the regulation of the SFRP1 gene in mammals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The expression level of the SFRP1 was significantly higher in the embryonic skeletal compared with postnatal skeletal muscle, whereas miR-206 showed the inverse pattern of expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Point mutagenesis that disrupts the TNRC18(BAH)-mediated H3K9me3 engagement caused neonatal death in mice and, in multiple mammalian cell models, led to derepressed expression of ERVs, which affected the landscape of cis-regulatory elements and, therefore, gene-expression programmes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me3) is crucial for the regulation of gene repression and heterochromatin formation, cell-fate determination and organismal development1. (bvsalud.org)
  • In: Rapid eye movement sleep: Regulation and function, pp. 58 - 70 (Eds. (mpg.de)
  • These neurons are found in brain tissue responsible for integrating, coordinating, and directing reproductive endocrine function in organs that comprise the organ systems known to influence mammalian reproductive sexual behavior and human sexuality. (microrna.pro)
  • Studies in this area led to the identification of multiple bioluminescent proteins and enzyme systems, some of which have found direct applications in biological research (2). (neb.com)
  • or use data science methods and tools to deduce information about biological systems. (nih.gov)
  • In other words, the term homeostasis fails to illustrate the dynamic, adapting, and thus constantly remodelling nature of biological systems which determines survival (see also Rattan, 2014 and Demirovic and Rattan, 2013) [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Activation of state-regulating neurochemical systems in newborn and embryonic chicks. (mpg.de)
  • Although mammalian models provide vital insights into the underlying pathology of these diseases, aquatic organisms such as Xenopus and zebrafish provide valuable tools to help screen and dissect out the underlying causes of these diseases. (xenbase.org)
  • This proposal describes a revolutionary biological analysis technology which has the potential to profoundly change the face of clinical medicine and beyond. (nih.gov)
  • Our results suggest that the biogenesis of cytosolic crRNA could be the key to unlock the full potential of Cas13 proteins. (hku.hk)
  • His biological study spans a wide range of topics, including Knockout mouse and Argonaute. (research.com)