AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation ScienceHealth Care
Complement ActivationComplement C3Complement System ProteinsComplement C4Complement C5Receptors, ComplementComplement C3bComplement C1qComplement Pathway, AlternativeComplement C9Complement Pathway, ClassicalComplement Membrane Attack ComplexComplement Inactivator ProteinsComplement C2Complement Factor BComplement Factor HComplement Inactivating AgentsComplement C3aComplement C5aComplement C6Receptors, Complement 3bComplement C1Complement C4bComplement Activating EnzymesComplement C3dComplement C3-C5 ConvertasesComplement Fixation TestsComplement C7Complement C8Complement C3cReceptors, Complement 3dComplement Hemolytic Activity AssayComplement C3b Inactivator ProteinsComplement C4aComplement Factor DComplement C4b-Binding ProteinComplement Factor IMolecular Sequence DataProtein BindingComplement C1sComplement C1rAntigens, CD55Amino Acid SequenceAntigens, CD59Complement C1 Inactivator ProteinsBinding SitesComplement C5bComplement Pathway, Mannose-Binding LectinProperdinBase SequenceCobra VenomsHemolysisAnaphylatoxinsComplement C1 Inhibitor ProteinComplement C3 Convertase, Alternative PathwayAntigen-Antibody ComplexGenetic Complementation TestAntigens, CD46Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5aOpsonin ProteinsImmunoglobulin GProtein Structure, TertiaryCell LineMutationRecombinant ProteinsPhagocytosisAntibodies, MonoclonalKineticsModels, MolecularSequence Homology, Amino AcidMannose-Binding LectinCloning, MolecularEscherichia coliBacterial ProteinsBlood Bactericidal ActivityCarrier ProteinsErythrocytesDNA-Binding ProteinsRabbitsRecombinant Fusion ProteinsBinding, CompetitiveDNAMacrophage-1 AntigenImmunoglobulin MNeutrophilsCells, CulturedMannose-Binding Protein-Associated Serine ProteasesProtein ConformationTranscription FactorsZymosanElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelAntibodiesComplement C5a, des-ArgininePeptide FragmentsMembrane ProteinsSequence AlignmentPromoter Regions, GeneticSurface Plasmon ResonanceRNA, MessengerMice, Inbred C57BL
ProteinsProteinPathwayInhibitsCell-Bound Complement Activation PrSerumReceptorsPathogensHuman ComplementPathwaysActivate the complement systemFragmentsInhibiting complement activationActivatesDeficienciesAcquired immunityInnate immuneRegulatorAbility to bindAntigenMacrophagesMoleculesCytotoxicProperdinMembrane complexMultiple isoformsOccurGlobularFlow cytometryVitroTerminalHeparinConvertaseCoagulationAntibodyOccursDisordersClassicalPathogenicAnaphylatoxinsPlateletAntibodiesSusceptibilityMechanismSequenceComponentFactor
Proteins15
  • To evaluate the association between lupus severity and cell-bound complement activation products (CB-CAPs) or low complement proteins C3 and C4. (escholarship.org)
  • 99th percentile of healthy) and complement proteins C3 and C4 were determined using flow cytometry and turbidimetry, respectively. (escholarship.org)
  • The complement system as understood today is a multimolecular system composed of more than 32 proteins and consisting of serum proteins, serosal proteins, and cell membrane receptors that bind to complement fragments. (medscape.com)
  • The complement system consists of 7 serum and 9 membrane regulatory proteins, 1 serosal regulatory protein, and 8 cell membrane receptors that bind complement fragments. (medscape.com)
  • Autoantibodies including ANA and anti-RNA-binding proteins were determined by ELISA. (bmj.com)
  • This binding is dependent on the expression of proteins termed complement-regulator acquiring surface proteins (CRASPs). (ox.ac.uk)
  • CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), is a member of a family of transcription factors consisting of six structurally related basic leucine-zipper DNA-binding proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Meningococcal factor H binding proteins in epidemic strains from Africa: implications for vaccine development. (cdc.gov)
  • This allows other proteins in the blood (called complement) to also latch on. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Platelet activation allows binding of these proteins, which bridges adjacent platelets. (medscape.com)
  • The complement system consists of more than 35 soluble and cell-bound proteins, 12 of which are directly involved in the complement pathways. (dadamo.com)
  • Cell surface HABP1 binds a wide range of extracellular molecules, including hyaluronan, vitronectin, complement component C1q, HMW kininogen, and bacterial and viral proteins (2, 6 - 9). (rndsystems.com)
  • These specialized Y-shaped proteins bind to antigens, which can stimulate an immune response (Figure 1). (idtdna.com)
  • thus, PIGA mutations lead to a deficiency of GPI-anchored proteins, such as complement decay-accelerating factor (also known as CD55) and CD59 glycoprotein (CD59), which are both complement inhibitors. (medscape.com)
  • I am currently studying novel roles of complement proteins, with focuses on C3 and CD59 and how they affect cellular function in various systems, with particular focus within the pancreatic islet. (lu.se)
Protein19
  • Although activation of complement protein C3 is essential for the generation of normal inflammatory responses against pathogens, its unregulated activation during various pathological conditions leads to host cell damage. (nih.gov)
  • A deficiency of vitamin A blocks secretion of the binding protein posttranslationally and results in defective delivery and supply to the epidermal cells. (nih.gov)
  • The relationship between NAFLD and retinol-binding protein 4 - an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. (nih.gov)
  • Positive Expression of Retinol-Binding Protein 4 Is Related to the Malignant Clinical Features Leading to Poor Prognosis of Glioblastoma. (nih.gov)
  • Interplay of retinol binding protein 4 with obesity and associated chronic alterations (Review). (nih.gov)
  • The wheat poly(A)-binding protein functionally complements pab1 in yeast. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Poly(A)-binding protein (PAB) binds to the poly(A) tail of most eukaryotic mRNAs and influences its translational efficiency as well as its stability. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Comparison of the wheat PAB protein sequence with PABs from yeast and other species revealed that wheat PAB contained the characteristic features of all PABs, including four RNA binding domains each of which contained the conserved RNP1 and RNP2 sequence motifs. (oregonstate.edu)
  • The wheat PAB cDNA functionally complemented a pab1 mutant in yeast suggesting that, although the amino acid sequence of wheat PAB is only 47% conserved from that of yeast PAB, this monocot protein can function in yeast. (oregonstate.edu)
  • This gene encodes a nucleolar transcriptional regulator that was first identified by its ability to bind specifically to the Myb proto-oncogene protein. (nih.gov)
  • Regulation and function of Myb-binding protein 1A (MYBBP1A) in cellular senescence and pathogenesis of head and neck cancer. (nih.gov)
  • Structure-function mapping of BbCRASP-1, the key complement factor H and FHL-1 binding protein of Borrelia burgdorferi. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Serum-resistant B. burgdorferi strains bind complement factor H (FH) and FH-like protein 1 (FHL-1) on the spirochaete surface. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The atomic structure of BbCRASP-1, the key FHL-1/FH-binding protein of B. burgdorferi, has recently been determined. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Trichinella spiralis expresses paramyosin ( Ts -Pmy) not only as a structural protein but also as an immunomodulator that inhibits host complement as a survival strategy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we study the interaction of PEG-covered carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with the serum complement protein C1q. (nih.gov)
  • Hyaluronan binding protein 1 (HABP1), also known as C1qBP/C1qR and p32, is a ubiquitous acidic glycoprotein that functions in spermatogenesis and as a receptor for proinflammatory molecules (1, 2). (rndsystems.com)
  • it occurs when mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a serum protein, binds to mannose, fucose, or N -acetylglucosamine groups on bacterial cell walls, yeast walls, or viruses. (msdmanuals.com)
  • After whole-body autoradiography to study the distribution of inhaled 14C-labeled chloroform in mice, most of the radioactivity was found in fat immediately after exposure, while the concentration of radioactivity in the liver increased during the postanesthetic period, most likely due to covalent binding to lipid and protein in the liver (Cohen and Hood 1969). (cdc.gov)
Pathway12
  • Cell-Bound Complement Activation Products (CB-CAPs) or complement split products, refers to complement activation fragments, C4d, that are bound covalently to somatic cells, as a result of activation of the classical complement pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • Depending on the nature of complement activators, the classic pathway, the alternative pathway, or the more recently discovered lectin pathway is activated predominantly to produce C3 convertase. (medscape.com)
  • Binding of factor H to C3b increases its inactivation by factor I. Properdin stabilizes it, preventing its inactivation by factors H and I. The alternate pathway does not result in a truly nonspecific activation of complement because it requires specific types of compounds for activation. (medscape.com)
  • HIT ULICs are also known to activate complement , but the contribution of this pathway to the pathogenesis of HIT has not been studied in detail. (bvsalud.org)
  • We observed that HIT ULICs physically interact with C1q in buffer and plasma , activate complement via the classical pathway, promote codeposition of IgG and C3 complement fragments (C3c) on neutrophil and monocyte cell surfaces. (bvsalud.org)
  • Inhibition of the proximal, but not terminal, steps in the complement pathway abrogates monocyte tissue factor expression by HIT ULICs. (bvsalud.org)
  • Besides being the target-recognizing unit of the initiating complex for the classical pathway of complement in our innate immune system, C1q is involved in a range of important physiological processes. (nih.gov)
  • None of the CNTs studied activated the C1q-dependent classical complement pathway. (nih.gov)
  • It is released during infection, systemic inflammation and tissue damage and activates the classical complement pathway. (nature.com)
  • and regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway. (jax.org)
  • Recently we have studied the ability of an enzymatically modified form of LDL (E-LDL), obtained by treatment with trypsin and then cholesterol esterase, to activate C1, the complex that triggers activation of the classical pathway of complement. (europa.eu)
  • ACIP has previously recommended routine vaccination of persons aged ≥2 months who have certain medical conditions that increase risk for meningococcal disease ( 1 ), including persons who have persistent (e.g., genetic) deficiencies in the complement pathway (e.g. (cdc.gov)
Inhibits1
  • CspA-mediated binding of human factor H inhibits complement deposition and confers serum resistance in Borrelia burgdorferi. (ouhsc.edu)
Cell-Bound Complement Activation Pr1
  • Background Cell-bound complement activation products (CB-CAPs), including erythrocyte-bound C4d (EC4d) and B-lymphocyte-bound C4d (BC4d), in a multi-analyte assay with algorithm (MAP) represent an important addition to the diagnostic armamentarium of SLE. (bmj.com)
Serum1
  • Induction of binding Abs was measured by ELISA and neutralizing activity by PBMC and TZM-bl assays in all serum and vaginal samples. (europa.eu)
Receptors6
  • In addition, CRP binds to certain Fc-gamma receptors on the surface of leukocytes, which also lead to the stimulation of phagocytosis and the release of cytokines. (nature.com)
  • Different fragments, released from individual components during complement activation, operate by a non-cytolytic mechanism through specific receptors present on various cell types. (dadamo.com)
  • From the functional standpoint, complement receptors can be divided into two types: the adherent type and the other receptors. (dadamo.com)
  • Adherent receptors mediate adherence of cells and other particles with bound C3b or C4b fragments and are known as CR1 to CR5. (dadamo.com)
  • The second group of receptors reacts with small complement fragments (C4a, C3a, C5a) as well as with C1q, Ba, Bb and factor H. Stimulation of these receptors results in various biological effects (chemotaxis, secretion of vasoactive amines, mediators of the inflammatory and anaphylactic reaction etc. (dadamo.com)
  • Within the cell, HABP1 binds to molecules containing the C1q globular domain, multiple isoforms of PKC, mitochondrial Hrk, the cytoplasmic tails of adrenergic and GABA-A receptors, the mRNA splicing factor ASF/SF2, and the CBF transcription factor (10 - 16). (rndsystems.com)
Pathogens4
  • This work demonstrates that pathogens interact with complement regulators in ways that are distinct from the mechanisms used by the host and are thus obvious targets for drug design. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Blocking the assembly of complement is a pathogens principal mechanism for escaping from host immune attack [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The complement system helps clear pathogens from an organism. (dadamo.com)
  • Complement, a complex system of enzymes and regulators endowed with multiple biological activities (opsonisation, chemoattraction of leukocytes, cell lysis, cell activation), is a major component of innate defence against pathogens. (europa.eu)
Human Complement1
  • The binding of mAb 9G3 to Ts -Pmy efficiently blocked the binding of Ts -Pmy to human complement C9, resulting in a significant increase in the complement-mediated killing of newborn larvae in vitro and reduced infectivity of T. spiralis larvae in mice passively transferred with the mAb. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathways1
Activate the complement system1
Fragments2
  • These effects may involve either the whole complement, or only individual components or fragments. (dadamo.com)
  • This is mediated through fragments of complement components. (dadamo.com)
Inhibiting complement activation1
  • It is therefore possible that inhibiting complement activation would reduce inflammation, lead to reduced fibrosis and preservation of renal function. (wjgnet.com)
Activates1
  • The term "nocturnal" refers to the belief that hemolysis is triggered by acidosis during sleep and activates complement to hemolyze an unprotected and abnormal RBC membrane. (medscape.com)
Deficiencies1
  • Supportive therapy is used for complement deficiencies. (lu.se)
Acquired immunity1
  • The actions of the complement system affect both innate immunity and acquired immunity. (dadamo.com)
Innate immune1
  • The complement system is an integral part of the innate immune system but also augments adaptive immune responses. (wjgnet.com)
Regulator2
  • CD35 is caTagorized as a regulator of complement avtivation. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • Properdin, a positive regulator of the complement system, has recently been reported to bind to certain pathogenic microorganisms, to early or late apoptotic and necrotic cells, and to particular live human cell lines, thus providing a platform for de novo convertase assembly and complement activation. (utoledo.edu)
Ability to bind2
  • Measured by its ability to bind human C1q in a functional ELISA. (rndsystems.com)
  • In view of these observations, it is tempting to hypothesize that, through its ability to bind fatty acids on E-LDL particles, C1q may prevent or control their proapoptotic effect. (europa.eu)
Antigen4
  • NHba, Neisserial heparin binding antigen. (cdc.gov)
  • Tumor-shed antigen CA125 blocks complement-mediated killing via suppression of C1q-antibody binding. (ncbcs.org)
  • There are a countless number of combinations of these regions to create a diverse pool of antibodies with highly specific antigen-binding sites. (idtdna.com)
  • Finding the most effective antigen-binding sequences can be used to research potential therapies and/or new diagnostic tests. (idtdna.com)
Macrophages1
Molecules2
  • The sequence starts with the binding of 2 or more C1q recognition units to the Fc nonantigen binding part of IgG and IgM molecules. (medscape.com)
  • CRP binds to phosphocholine and related molecules on microorganisms and on membranes of apoptotic and necrotic cells. (nature.com)
Cytotoxic4
  • Activation of the complement cascade, with the formation of the effector MAC unit, results in cytotoxic and cytolytic reactions. (dadamo.com)
  • The result of cytotoxic complement reaction may be beneficial for the body (elimination of the infectious agent or damaged cells) or harmful (damage to autologous normal cells by immunopathological reactions). (dadamo.com)
  • C3 cleavage may result in formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC), the cytotoxic component of the complement system. (msdmanuals.com)
  • I completed my PhD within the field of cancer immunotherapy, working with cytotoxic T cells, before moving to Sweden and starting to work with the complement system. (lu.se)
Properdin3
  • While the unseparated properdin and the purified P(n) forms bound to all the surfaces except E(R), the physiological P₂-P₄ forms specifically bound only to zymosan and to necrotic nucleated cells. (utoledo.edu)
  • Our results indicate that aggregated P(n) present in unseparated properdin may bind non-specifically to some surfaces and should be separated before analysis in order to obtain meaningful results. (utoledo.edu)
  • Finally, we have determined for the first time that the physiological forms of human properdin can selectively recognize surfaces and enhance or promote complement activation, which is in agreement with the reported role for properdin as a complement initiator. (utoledo.edu)
Membrane complex1
  • Parasitic nematodes have been suggested to produce compounds capable of inhibiting the assembly and polymerization of the membrane complex attack, thus preventing complement-mediated damage [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Multiple isoforms1
  • Wheat PAB (72 kDa as estimated by SDS/PAGE and a theoretical mass of 70 823 Da as determined from the cDNA) was present in multiple isoforms and exhibited binding characteristics similar to that determined for yeast PAB. (oregonstate.edu)
Occur2
  • Complement activation is known to occur in many diverse renal diseases, including glomerulonephritis, thrombotic microangiopathies and transplant rejection. (wjgnet.com)
  • It is also emerging as an important factor in atherosclerosis: complement activation, and formation of the terminal C5b-9 membrane attack complex of complement were shown to occur in atherosclerotic lesions. (europa.eu)
Globular1
  • Direct evidence that C1q binds E-LDL through its globular domains was obtained by electron microscopy (see attached Figure). (europa.eu)
Flow cytometry1
  • By flow cytometry, low binding to the outbreak strain was observed by using antisera against NHba p0002, but it is unclear whether this low binding is attributable to the difference in sequence between p0020 and p0002, low NHba expression in the outbreak strain, or both. (cdc.gov)
Vitro1
  • The effect of the mAb on the viability of T. spiralis was observed by co-incubation of T. spiralis with mAb 9G3 in the presence of complement in vitro and by passive transfer of the mAb into naive mice following T. spiralis larval challenge. (biomedcentral.com)
Terminal1
  • All six members of this family exhibit a high sequence similarity in their C-terminal DNA binding domain and a more diverge regulatory N-terminus [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Heparin1
  • Enables complement component C3b binding activity and heparin binding activity. (jax.org)
Convertase1
  • In the first phase, a series of specific interactions leads to formation of intrinsic complement proteinase, termed C3 convertase. (medscape.com)
Coagulation1
  • This negative surface provides binding sites for enzymes and cofactors of the coagulation system, resulting in the formation of a clot (secondary hemostasis). (medscape.com)
Antibody3
  • The production of a monoclonal antibody that specifically targets the C9 binding site is necessary for further studies of Ts -Pmy function and may be used as a therapeutic agent for T. spiralis infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, a monoclonal antibody against the complement C9 binding domain of Ts -Pmy (mAb 9G3) was produced using hybridoma technology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • mAb 9G3 is a specific antibody that binds to the C9 binding domain of Ts -Pmy and interferes with Ts -Pmy's complement-binding activity. (biomedcentral.com)
Occurs1
  • Complement activation occurs in progressive chronic kidney disease and may contribute to the chronic inflammation that is characteristically found in the kidney. (wjgnet.com)
Disorders2
  • Together, these studies suggest a major role for complement activation in regulating Fc-dependent effector functions of HIT ULICs, identify potential non- anticoagulant targets for therapy , and provide insights into the broader roles of complement in immune complex -mediated thrombotic disorders. (bvsalud.org)
  • C3 is the central component of the complement and is implicated in different brain disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
Classical1
  • C1q-engagement with IgG and IgM sort antibodies is the initiating step of classical complement-mediated immunity. (ncbcs.org)
Pathogenic1
  • The host complement system is the first line of defense against pathogenic organisms [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Anaphylatoxins2
Platelet1
  • Complement activation by ULICs, in turn, facilitates FcγR-independent monocyte tissue factor expression, enhances IgG binding to the cell surface FcγRs, and promotes platelet adhesion to injured endothelium . (bvsalud.org)
Antibodies1
Susceptibility1
  • Low binding with NHba p0002 antisera is consistent with decreased susceptibility to anti-NHba bactericidal activity in persons vaccinated with MenB-4C, but the correlation between flow cytometric binding and hSBA response has not been established. (cdc.gov)
Mechanism3
  • Furthermore, it showed that although the kinetics of binding of Compstatin to non-human primate C3s were distinctly different from those to human C3, like human C3 its mechanism of binding to non-human primate C3 was biphasic and did not follow a simple 1:1 interaction, suggesting that this binding mechanism could be important for its inhibitory activity. (nih.gov)
  • The complement system influence the activity of numerous cells, tissues and physiological mechanism of the body. (dadamo.com)
  • The complement system is a potent mechanism for initiating and amplifying inflammation. (dadamo.com)
Sequence1
  • The complement system functions as an interactive sequence, with one reaction leading to another in the form of a cascade. (medscape.com)
Component1
  • Among the genes displaying significant changes in expression was complement component 3 ( C3 ), which showed a dramatic decrease in mRNA content in the hippocampus of C/EBPβ −/− mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Factor4
  • Ehrlich and Morgan termed this factor complement. (medscape.com)
  • Here, C3b binds to factor B that is cleaved by factor D to Bb. (medscape.com)
  • Platelets play a primary role in this process, interacting with subendothelium-bound von Willebrand factor (vWf) via the membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib complex. (medscape.com)
  • Orthologous to human CFH (complement factor H). (jax.org)