• It is a recombinant analog of human transferrin that has shown equivalence to serum-derived human transferrin (hTf) and superiority to bovine transferrin (bTf) in stimulating cell growth and productivity for a number of cell lines. (genengnews.com)
  • CHODUKXB11 clone expressing a human mAb against human interleukin (IL)-8 (referred to as DP-12) was cultured in DMEM/F12, 10% FBS, 4.5 g/L glucose, 2 µg/mL recombinant human insulin, 200 nM MTX and 2mM Glutamax™ in T25 flasks. (genengnews.com)
  • Compared with CAR-T cells, CAR exosomes do not express Programmed cell Death protein 1 (PD1), and their antitumour effect cannot be weakened by recombinant PD-L1 treatment. (nature.com)
  • The Company is in the final development of the recombinant of the parent antibody (identified as "Clone 3"), which has been shown in in vitro tests conduction in 5 international laboratories to fully neutralized over 95% of all strains and viral subtypes of HIV-1 against which it was tested. (advfn.com)
  • We demonstrate that recombinant LHCGR proteins which include the hormone-binding domain are secreted from transfected cells and that natural LHCGR is also secreted from human placental explants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • LHCGR recombinant proteins representing varying lengths of the N-terminal extracellular domain were expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells in suspension culture. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Inhibition of cytotoxic effect of FASL on Jurkat cells in the presence of recombinant human FAS. (biolegend.com)
  • As a consequence of bNAb precursors fail to bind most recombinant HIV-1 Envs (such as those that would be used in HIV-1 vaccines). (washington.edu)
  • Transfection of this cDNA into COS cells resulted in expression of receptors with high affinity for salmon CT (Kd = approximately 0.44 nM) and for human CT (Kd = approximately 5.4 nM). (jci.org)
  • It binds to IL8 with high affinity, and transduces the signal through a G-protein activated second messenger system. (cancerindex.org)
  • This gene, IL8RA, a gene encoding another high affinity IL8 receptor, as well as IL8RBP, a pseudogene of IL8RB, form a gene cluster in a region mapped to chromosome 2q33-q36. (cancerindex.org)
  • As an alternative to using HIV-1 Env as a vaccine immunogen, we are pursuing a novel vaccine strategy where we generate anti-idiotypic antibodies: antibodies raised in a non-human animal model that bind with high affinity and specificity to bNAb precursors. (washington.edu)
  • CD14 functions as a high-affinity receptor for complexes of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and serum LPS-binding protein and modulates LPS-dependent signal transduction during the immune response to gram-negative pathogens by acting as a co-receptor for TLR 4 and MD-2. (stemcell.com)
  • CXCR7 can bind with high-affinity to CXCL12/SDF-1 and CXCL11/I-TAC. (rndsystems.com)
  • Expression of the platelet-derived growth factor alpha receptor (PDGF alpha R) is strictly regulated during mammalian development and tumorigenesis. (nih.gov)
  • NK cells express germ-line receptors that are either stimulatory or inhibitory, and the summation of these signals determines activation status ( Caligiuri, 2008 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • CCh also decreased the paired-pulse inhibition of field potentials and the inhibitory conductances mediated by GABA A and GABA B receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Inhibitory receptor on antigen activated T-cells that plays a critical role in induction and maintenance of immune tolerance to self (PubMed:21276005). (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • Delivers inhibitory signals upon binding to ligands CD274/PDCD1L1 and CD273/PDCD1LG2 (PubMed:21276005). (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • Siglecs (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins) are single-pass cell surface receptors that have inhibitory activities on immune cells. (mdpi.com)
  • This receptor also binds to chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1/MGSA), a protein with melanoma growth stimulating activity, and has been shown to be a major component required for serum-dependent melanoma cell growth. (cancerindex.org)
  • Here, we describe the pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo study of irradiated haNK cells engineered to express a second-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). (elifesciences.org)
  • However, the similarity in ligand-binding sites between mAChR subtypes, the paucity of selective agonists/antagonists as well as the expression of different subtypes of mAChRs in a given area constitute major obstacles to delineate cellular effects of a given subtype [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Suppresses T-cell activation through the recruitment of PTPN11/SHP-2: following ligand-binding, PDCD1 is phosphorylated within the ITSM motif, leading to the recruitment of the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN11/SHP-2 that mediates dephosphorylation of key TCR proximal signaling molecules, such as ZAP70, PRKCQ/PKCtheta and CD247/CD3zeta (By similarity). (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • The hormonal activation occurs through specific ligand-receptor interactions on the surface of the target cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A different experimental approach by West and Cooke [ 10 ] demonstrated the secretion of M r 80-90K hCG-LH receptor complex into the culture media from ligand-induced rat and mouse leydig cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • instead, a specific intra-cellular role of truncated receptor in regulating the cell surface expression of a full-length ligand-binding Lhcgr has been proposed [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • X. Trefoil peptide and EGF receptor/ligand transgenic mice. (embl.de)
  • This review highlights some of the major findings pertinent to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and its ligands, particularly the major gut ligand transforming growth factor-alpha, as well as the trefoil peptides. (embl.de)
  • In contrast, based on ligand binding analysis and receptor level (as assessed using anti‑CXCR7, clone 11G8), surface expression of CXCR7 was reported to be restricted to tumor cells, activated endothelial cells, fetal liver cells, and few other cell types (3). (rndsystems.com)
  • Ability to displace [3H]N-methylscopolamine from Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 expressed in CHO cells. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • However, the cellular effects induced by muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) activation are poorly understood in the neocortex. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this context metabotropic ACh receptors, termed muscarinic ACh receptors (mAChRs) [ 7 ] play a crucial role. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Antagonist binding properties of five cloned muscarinic receptors expressed in CHO-K1 cells. (guidetoimmunopharmacology.org)
  • IL-1 is a name that designates two proteins, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta, that are the products of distinct genes, but recognize the same cell surface receptors. (rndsystems.com)
  • Both proteins are produced by a wide variety of cells in response to stimuli such as those produced by inflammatory agents, infections, or microbial endotoxins. (rndsystems.com)
  • E. coli B strains are 'naturally' deficient in the Lon protease which in K-12 strains serves to degrade misfolded proteins and to prevent some cell cycle-specific proteins from accumulating. (neb.com)
  • Cells deficient in both these proteases are much more amenable to the production of proteins from cloned genes. (neb.com)
  • To cause sensitization, a chemical must bind to macromolecules (proteins) in the skin. (cdc.gov)
  • Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
  • Platelet activation allows binding of these proteins, which bridges adjacent platelets. (medscape.com)
  • Programmable DNA binding proteins have emerged as an exciting platform for engineering synthetic transcription factors for modulating endogenous gene expression 5 - 11 . (cdc.gov)
  • Among the established custom DNA binding domains, Cas9 is most easily scaled to facilitate genome-scale perturbations 3 , 4 due to its simplicity of programming relative to zinc finger proteins and transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs). (cdc.gov)
  • The structural differences may account for observed differences in binding affinity between the porcine renal and human ovarian CTRs. (jci.org)
  • This selection removes the T or B cell clones before they attain maturation if they possess receptors that recognize self-antigens and bind to them with strong affinity. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • This mechanism produces the less reactive auto receptors with a moderate affinity for self-antigens that would lead to disease allowing the cells to survive. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Affinity to self-antigens requires a threshold level before clonal selection is triggered allowing the weakly self-reactive clones to survive this process. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • T cells with moderate affinity for self-antigen generate T regulatory cells or Treg cells during negative selection with an upregulation of transcription factor FOXP3 and enter the periphery where they inhibit or down-regulate the proliferation of self-reactive T cells. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Compound was evaluated for the binding affinity by displacing [3H]methylscopolamine [3H]NMS from mouse cerebral cortex tissue. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • To provide high-density cell cultures with sufficient iron, elevated concentrations of iron salts are required that utilize low-affinity nontransferrin receptor pathways. (genengnews.com)
  • Iron-bound transferrin has an increased affinity for the transferrin receptor, which is then transported into the cell via receptor-mediated endocytosis. (genengnews.com)
  • The earliest biochemical evidence on the existence of cell-free soluble LH receptor was the purification of an hCG-binding protein, relative molecular mass of 65K (M r , 65K) from porcine follicular fluid and was based on gel filtration followed by affinity chromatography [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DNA affinity precipitation and mass spectroscopy of rs147978008 revealed allele-dependent binding of H1 histones, which was confirmed by using Western blotting. (cdc.gov)
  • Expanded pools of diverse B cell clones compete for antigen and T cell help in a Darwinian process that ultimately selects for B cells with higher affinity receptors which can be secreted as soluble molecules (antibodies). (washington.edu)
  • Results in the induction of death or apoptosis in some cells that carry potentially active TCRs or BCRs. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency-associated transcript (LAT) protects cells against cold-shock-induced apoptosis by maintaining phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT). (tci-thaijo.org)
  • The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)
  • TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)
  • Examples DNA repair and apoptosis path- concept is that there is a distinct dif- of DNA damage are DNA adducts ways, which are described in detail ference between DNA damage and (i.e. a molecule bound covalently to by Ciccia and El edge (2010) . (who.int)
  • Other types repair the damage but instead pro- mutagens produce DNA damage, of DNA damage are oxidized or frag- cess it into a mutation, or direct the and they might more appropriately mented bases and the intercalation cell to undergo apoptosis. (who.int)
  • Here we show the features of repertoire diversity and the gene expression profile of HLA-A24 cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T-cells in actual recipients according to the cytomegalovirus reactivation pattern. (nature.com)
  • Single-cell RNA-sequence analyses demonstrate the homogenous distribution of the gene expression profile in individual cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T-cells within each recipient. (nature.com)
  • On the other hand, bulk RNA-sequence analyses reveal that gene expression profiles among patients are different according to the cytomegalovirus reactivation pattern, and are associated with cytokine production or cell division. (nature.com)
  • However, little information is available on the gene expression profile (GEP) of CMV-CTL clones according to CMV reactivation patterns (and donor CMV serostatus) after allo-HCT. (nature.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor family. (cancerindex.org)
  • Gene expression and cellular localization of neurokinin receptors would be examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. (usda.gov)
  • Although a number of studies have shown that patients with activating mutations in exons 18-21 of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene respond particularly well to gefitinib and erlotinib, a prospective, randomised study was needed to differentiate between the prognostic and predictive value of EGFR mutations. (ersjournals.com)
  • This study describes the molecular cloning of the non-coding exon 1 and approximately 2 kb of 5' flanking region of the human PDGF alpha R gene. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, the morphogen retinoic acid, alone or in combination with dibutyryl cAMP, gives a 22-fold induction of PDGF alpha R gene promoter activity in human teratocarcinoma cells. (nih.gov)
  • This effect is mediated through specific transcription factor binding within the -52/+118 region of the PDGF alpha R gene. (nih.gov)
  • PDCD-1 (programmed cell death-1 protein), also designated CD279, is a type I transmembrane receptor and a member of the immunoglobin gene superfamily. (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • DNA constructs were cloned into a pGL3 promoter vector for luciferase gene reporter assays. (cdc.gov)
  • Deletion of this gene confers resistance to this type of phage, but does not significantly affect the transformation or growth characteristics of the cell. (neb.com)
  • The arnA gene (lipid A modification) is fused with a B. circulans ORF encoding a chitin binding domain. (neb.com)
  • The slyD gene (FKBP-type prolyl isomerase) is fused with a B. circulans ORF encoding a chitin binding domain. (neb.com)
  • [ 1 ] His prediction was subsequently supported by the cloning of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene ( RB1 ) and by functional studies of the retinoblastoma protein, Rb. (medscape.com)
  • For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)
  • The resultant DNA is placed in a mammalian cell culture, which then expresses the resultant gene, producing the desired antibody. (msdmanuals.com)
  • If the mouse gene for only the antigen-binding hypervariable regions of the variable region is used, the product is termed "humanized. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cloning, characterization, and expression of a human calcitonin receptor from an ovarian carcinoma cell line. (jci.org)
  • Characterization of receptors in a native system is a crucial issue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The improvement of therapeutic approaches using specific mAChR modulators is further impeded by a lack of established and validated protocol to screen efficacy of different mAChR agonist/antagonist at native receptors in neocortical slices. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 4. Initiation of treatment with an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (eg, erythropoietin), a thrombopoietin receptor agonist (eg, eltrombopag), or danazol within 28 days prior to the screening visit. (who.int)
  • To clone a human CTR (hCTR), a BIN-67 cDNA library was screened using a cDNA probe from a porcine renal CTR (pCTR) that we recently cloned. (jci.org)
  • The cloned cDNA encodes a putative peptide of 490 amino acids with seven potential transmembrane domains. (jci.org)
  • It was demonstrated that expression of interleukin‑8 (IL‑8) mRNA was significantly upregulated in Gem‑R PaCa cells by cDNA microarray and RT‑qPCR analyses. (cancerindex.org)
  • FAS was initially purified and cloned from SKW6.4 cells and a cDNA library of human T cell lymphoma KT-3 cells. (biolegend.com)
  • However, it is difficult to capture the complexity of transcript isoform variance using these libraries, and large cDNA sequences are often difficult to clone into size-limited viral expression vectors. (cdc.gov)
  • Transferrin is an extracellular antioxidant, binding iron so tightly that little unbound iron is available to catalyze the production of free radicals. (genengnews.com)
  • Here, we report that CAR-T cells release extracellular vesicles, mostly in the form of exosomes that carry CAR on their surface. (nature.com)
  • Typically, CARs consist of a target binding domain, which is an extracellular domain that is specifically expressed by CAR-T cells, a transmembrane domain, and a signalling domain, which is an intracellular domain that provides an activation signal to T cells. (nature.com)
  • Rationale: Extracellular histones, released into the surrounding environment during extensive cell death, promote inflammation and cell death, and these deleterious roles have been well documented in sepsis. (bvsalud.org)
  • These metabolic changes, resembling pseudostarvation, result from the low extracellular pH rather than from the lactosis component, and render these cells dependent on autophagy for survival. (bvsalud.org)
  • KLRF1, an activating homodimeric C-type lectin-like receptor (CTLR), is expressed on nearly all natural killer (NK) cells and stimulates their cytoxicity and cytokine release (Kuttruff et al. (nih.gov)
  • A soluble version of the type II receptor is induced by anti-inflammatory agents such as glucocorticoids, IL-4 and IL-13. (rndsystems.com)
  • 11 ] first reported the production and secretion of soluble LH receptor following transient transfection of a naturally truncated variant of the receptor in COS cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, how a complex LHCGR protein, embedded within the membrane lipid bilayer, could be secreted as soluble receptor remained unexplained. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A skewed preference for BV7 genes and sequential "G" amino acids motif is observed in complementarity-determining region-3 of T cell receptor-β. (nature.com)
  • An individual T-cell has a specific complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) of T cell receptor (TCR)-α and -β, which is a result of the recombination of somatic TCR V-(D)-J genes and junction diversity. (nature.com)
  • Cloning the neurokinin receptor genes in guinea pig epithelial cells and their expression in epithelial cells lines would allow study of their function. (usda.gov)
  • Naive BCRs arise through the random recombination of germline-encoded immunoglobulin genes during B cell development. (washington.edu)
  • To create a repertoire of antigen-specific TCRs, alternative forms of genes present in somatic cells are rearranged in a process, called somatic cell recombination, by using RAG-1 and RAG-2 recombinase activating enzymes showing in above figure. (pharmacygyan.com)
  • Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)
  • Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)
  • Fully human monoclonal antibodies are produced using transgenic mice that contain human immunoglobulin genes or using phage display (ie, a bacteriophage-based cloning method) of immunoglobulin genes isolated from human B cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • For confirming the S protein-specificity of IgG4-expressing B lymphocyte clones, four mAbs (monoclonal antibodies) were cloned from the BCR (B cell receptor) sequences, and their RBD binding and S protein-binding were assessed. (news-medical.net)
  • If a single lymphocyte TCR recognizes only one epitope, it follows that 1013 lymphocyte clones are present in each of the CD4 (Th1 and Th2) and CD8 (Tc1 and Tc2) populations. (pharmacygyan.com)
  • these receptors comprise a distinct family of G protein-coupled seven transmembrane domain receptors. (jci.org)
  • Resident memory (T RM ) cells are a distinct tissue-localized T cell lineage that is crucial for protective immunity in peripheral tissues. (frontiersin.org)
  • Tumor development has been said to occur in three distinct steps: inefficient elimination of early transformed cells, development of a state of equilibrium between tumor cells and immune cells, and tumor escape from immune pressure ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Two distinct types of IL-1 receptors have been identified and cloned from human and mouse cells. (rndsystems.com)
  • Despite their efficiency, adoptive T-cell therapies show unique toxicities, which are distinct from those seen with conventional chemotherapies, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and small-molecule-targeted therapies. (nature.com)
  • Distinct pathways of cell migration and antiapoptotic response to epithelial injury: structure-function analysis of human intestinal trefoil factor. (embl.de)
  • their evolution from distinct cell lineages. (lu.se)
  • Murine monoclonal antibodies are produced by injecting a mouse with an antigen, harvesting its spleen to obtain B cells that are producing antibody specific to that antigen, fusing those cells with immortal mouse myeloma cells, growing these hybridoma cells (eg, in cell culture), and harvesting the antibody. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Chimeric monoclonal antibodies activate antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells more effectively than murine monoclonal antibodies but can still induce production of human anti-chimeric antibodies. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The third aim is to determine whether substance P activates neurokinin receptors on epithelial cells to stimulate chloride secretion and prostaglandin synthesis. (usda.gov)
  • BTC binds and activates ErbB-1 and ErbB-4 homodimers and is further characterised by its unique ability to activate all possible heterodimeric ErbB receptors. (embl.de)
  • Each specific pMHC activates the compatible Tc clone through its receptor (Tc cell receptor). (tci-thaijo.org)
  • FAS is a type I transmembrane protein and belongs to the TNF receptor superfamily. (biolegend.com)
  • NKp80 is a marker of natural killer (NK) cell maturity in secondary lymphoid tissues and supports NK cell development through a stage 4a intermediate with ILC3-associated features. (nih.gov)
  • Following effective priming in lymph nodes, T cells traffic to tumors and other peripheral tissues. (frontiersin.org)
  • whereas T EM cells were shown to recirculate predominantly through blood, and peripheral tissues ( 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In the early 2000's, large and persistent populations of antigen (Ag)-specific CD8 T cells in peripheral tissues were initially classified as T EM cells in recirculation from the blood ( 8 , 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Placental hCG and pitutary LH transduce signals in target tissues through a common receptor (LHCGR). (biomedcentral.com)
  • This prevents the T-cells from destroying beneficial tissues while allowing them to retain their efficacy in combating viruses. (yaledailynews.com)
  • However, even though nearly 30 years have passed, in fish species, the distribution of GnRH-Rs in cells and tissues, their regulation, and their functions remain elusive. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Reports of mRNA levels and/or protein expression (as assessed using anti‑CXCR7, clone 9C4) (1, 2) indicate that CXCR7 occurs on a wide variety of tissues and cells including monocytes, B cells, T cells and mature dendritic cells. (rndsystems.com)
  • Tissues and Cells. (lu.se)
  • These findings suggest a convergence of the signaling pathways of some members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. (nih.gov)
  • Failed T cell-based immunotherapies in the presence of genomic alterations in antigen presentations pathways may be overcome by NK cell-based immunotherapy. (elifesciences.org)
  • Inhibition of such co-stimulation leads the T cells to become anergic which is an unresponsiveness state. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Treatment of syngeneic tumors resulted in CD8 and PD-L1-dependent tumor rejection or growth inhibition and a reduction in myeloid cells endogenously expressing high levels of PD-L1. (elifesciences.org)
  • ED 50 = 10 - 50 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of 0.02 - 0.1 x 10 6 units/mg, as determined by inhibition of apoptotic cell death induced by FASL on Jurkat cells. (biolegend.com)
  • Interestingly, the hCTR sequence is remotely related to the cAMP receptor of Dictyostelium discoideum (21% identical), but is not significantly related to other G protein-coupled receptor sequences now in the data bases. (jci.org)
  • The G protein-coupled receptor, RDC1, belongs to a subgroup of chemokine receptors and has been designated CXCR7. (rndsystems.com)
  • Further, flow cytometry analysis was performed to characterize anti-S memory B lymphocytes by IgG subclasses among PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) samples, obtained from 11 individuals post-second dose and third dose administration. (news-medical.net)
  • Additionally, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis was performed for anti-S B lymphocytes obtained from four donor individuals 210.0 days post-second dose and 10.0 days post-third dose of Comirnaty vaccines. (news-medical.net)
  • CITE (cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes)-sequencing was performed for labeling anti-S and anti-S RBD (receptor-binding domain)-binding B lymphocytes. (news-medical.net)
  • It is the developmental stage within the large cycle of lymphocyte maturation and it is going to make sure that these lymphocytes can distinguish self and non-self-cells which is very important to prevent auto-immune diseases. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Characterized by cell-surface molecules including CD103, CD69, and CD49a, T RM -like tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be found in a wide range of human cancers, where they portend improved prognosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Since its discovery in 2000, initial in vitro studies have found that the engagement of Siglec-8 with a monoclonal antibody or with selective polyvalent sialoglycan ligands induced the cell death of eosinophils and inhibited mast cell degranulation. (mdpi.com)
  • Anti-Siglec-8 antibody administration in vivo to humanized and transgenic mice selectively expressing Siglec-8 on mouse eosinophils and mast cells confirmed the in vitro findings, and identified additional anti-inflammatory effects. (mdpi.com)
  • ADCP (antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis) assays were performed using human leukemia monocytic cells (THP-1). (news-medical.net)
  • One of the first critical steps in an effective antibody response is the recognition of a foreign antigen by a membrane anchored B cell receptor (BCR) on the surface of a naïve B cell. (washington.edu)
  • Teplizumab, sold under the brand name Tzield, is a monoclonal antibody, a type of antibody manufactured by cloning a white blood cell that was exposed to a target protein. (yaledailynews.com)
  • In both cases, the process usually begins as above with production of mouse hybridoma cells that make antibody to the desired antigen. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We show also that unstable RAR-RXR heterodimers were formed in solution, and that C-terminal sequences and the DNA-binding domains of both receptors were required for efficient formation of stable heterodimers on response elements. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we demonstrate that NK cells (haNKs) engineered to express a PD-L1 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) haNKs killed a panel of human and murine head and neck cancer cells at low effector-to-target ratios in a PD-L1-dependent fashion. (elifesciences.org)
  • Genetically engineered T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) are rapidly emerging a promising new treatment for haematological and non-haematological malignancies. (nature.com)
  • Identification of NKp80, a novel triggering molecule expressed by human NK cells. (nih.gov)
  • Without the compatible MHC molecule, in general, Tc clones cannot be activated by a particular viral epitope. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • Conclusions: This study identifies CLU as a central endogenous histone-neutralizing molecule and suggests that, in pathologies with extensive cell death, CLU supplementation may improve disease tolerance and host survival. (bvsalud.org)
  • T cell activation, for example, needs three steps: (1) The lymphocyte T cell receptor (TCR) interacts with the antigen-loaded class II molecule in the first phase. (pharmacygyan.com)
  • 3) The T cell's CD28 binds with a B7 molecule on the APC in the last stage of the activation cycle (antigen-presenting cell). (pharmacygyan.com)
  • of a molecule between a pair of Instead, it is the cell that produces bases. (who.int)
  • It then subsequently binds to ACE2 a cell surface receptor. (gfpvector.com)
  • Betacellulin (BTC) belongs to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of peptide ligands that are characterised by a six-cysteine consensus motif that forms three intra-molecular disulfide bonds crucial for binding the ErbB receptor family. (embl.de)
  • Human dNK cell function is differentially regulated by extrinsic cellular engagement and intrinsic activating receptors in first and second trimester pregnancy. (nih.gov)
  • Substance P which is found in extrinsic and intrinsic neurons is elevated along with its receptor during inflammation. (usda.gov)
  • The first aim addresses whether neural secretory reflexes triggered by mucosal stroking and activation of 5-HT1P receptors present on intrinsic afferent neurons stimulate chloride secretion. (usda.gov)
  • The interaction of FAS/FASL in immature dendritic cells (DCs) induces functional maturation. (biolegend.com)
  • CD14 is also found on tissue macrophages, Langerhans cells, and dendritic cells. (stemcell.com)
  • The purified protein is a human retinoid X receptor beta (hRXR beta). (nih.gov)
  • A human ovarian small cell carcinoma line (BIN-67) expresses abundant calcitonin (CT) receptors (CTR) (143,000 per cell) that are coupled, to adenylate cyclase. (jci.org)
  • The dissociation constants (Kd) for the CTRs on these BIN-67 cells is approximately 0.42 nM for salmon CT and approximately 4.6 nM for human CT. (jci.org)
  • NKp80 Defines a Critical Step during Human Natural Killer Cell Development. (nih.gov)
  • Mature human and mouse IL-1 beta share approximately 75% amino acid sequence identity and human IL-1 beta has been found to be active on murine cell lines. (rndsystems.com)
  • Traditionally, transferrin has been supplied in the form of serum-derived human transferrin (hTf), bovine transferrin (bTf), or, more recently, with the move toward serum-free medium (SFM), inorganic iron salts have been used to supply iron to mammalian cells. (genengnews.com)
  • Supplied as a human holo-transferrin analog, rTransferrin binds specifically to the transferrin receptor thereby facilitating the bioavailability of iron to the cell. (genengnews.com)
  • Clinically relevant improvements in survival have been attained by administering targeted therapy to the appropriate patient population: for example, the addition of trastuzumab to standard first-line chemotherapy in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor-positive (HER2+) metastatic breast cancer 3 . (ersjournals.com)
  • In addition, FAS/FASL interaction increases the production of chemokines in NK-T cells, and FASL acts as a survival factor for human CD34 + cells and increases their colony formation. (biolegend.com)
  • Human FAS, amino acids (Arg17-Asn173) (Accession# NM_000043), was expressed in 293E cells. (biolegend.com)
  • Among these, Siglec-8 is a CD33-related family member selectively expressed on human mast cells and eosinophils, and at low levels on basophils. (mdpi.com)
  • Exposure of HL-60 human leukaemic cells to 4-hydroxynonenal promotes the formation of adduct(s) with alpha-enolase devoid of plasminogen binding activity. (cnr.it)
  • The Pcr) Sars-Cov2 Test reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (gfpvector.com)
  • 2005). Notch1 and syndecan-1 potent human embryonic stem (ES) cells. (lu.se)
  • CD133+), but are rarely codetected with the neural stem dents, very few human-specific NSC markers have been cell (NSC) marker CD15. (lu.se)
  • In this article, we first provide a short history of cell therapy in Parkinson's disease and briefly describe the current state-of-art regarding human stem cell-derived dopamine neurons for use in any patient trial. (lu.se)
  • Without this, the patient cells lost in PD could be replaced by grafted community is left trying to interpret complex scien- immature human dopaminergic neurons [3, 5]. (lu.se)
  • Prior to assay set-up, CHO cells were grown to between 70-90% confluence in T75 tissue culture flasks in 10-20 mL sterile culture media, and spun and detached using trypsin. (genengnews.com)
  • possibility is that the damage is not induces mutations in a mutation integrated viral genome ( Todaro and repaired at al , and when the cell rep- assay permits it to be classified as Huebner, 1972) , and alteration of im- licates, the DNA polymerase correct- mutagenic. (who.int)
  • Thus, addressing the presence of immunosuppressive myeloid cell populations in the periphery and tumor microenvironment of patients with cancer is likely to be required for effective NK cell-based immunotherapy. (elifesciences.org)
  • T cells co-stimulation requires receptor CD28/B7 and B cell co-stimulation requires receptor CD40. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Three murine members of the RXR family (mRXR alpha, beta, and gamma) have also been cloned, and their interactions with RARs and TRs have been investigated. (nih.gov)
  • T cell-based immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint blockade or adoptive T cell transfer, is limited by the ability of T cells to detect major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-presented antigen by tumor cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • These changes can be inherited and are, therefore, found in every cell, but more often, they are somatically acquired and restricted to tumor cells. (medscape.com)
  • Due to random genetic recombinations, immune cells genetically express receptors for the specific self and foreign antigens in the central lymphoid organs. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy may overcome genetic mechanisms of resistance to T cell-based immunotherapy through antigen- and MHC-independent recognition of malignant cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • The principle of preferentially selecting patients most likely to benefit from therapy according to their genetic profile has led to substantial clinical benefit in some tumour types, and has potential to considerably refine treatment in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (ersjournals.com)
  • Moreover, the lack of a secreted form of the receptor was overcome by co-expression of hCG with the extra-cellular domain of porcine LH receptor leading to the secretion of a mixture of free as well as hCG-receptor complex [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Polymorphism and peptide-binding specificities of porcine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • Cytomegalovirus reactivation is still a critical concern following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, and cellular immune reconstitution of cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T-cells is necessary for the long-term control of cytomegalovirus reactivation after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. (nature.com)
  • However, cellular immune reconstitution of CMV-specific cytotoxic T-cells (CMV-CTL) is generally considered to be necessary for the long-term control of CMV reactivation after allo-HCT. (nature.com)
  • The sphingomyelin that accumulates in the lysosomes of Niemann-Pick disease-affected cells is thought to arise from the degradation of the cells and their organelles because it is a major component of all mammalian cell membranes. (medscape.com)
  • Increased binding scores are observed in T-cell clones with complementarity-determining region-3 of T cell receptor-β with a "(G)GG" motif. (nature.com)
  • Studies in infectious disease models have provided a wealth of information regarding memory CD8 T cell generation and localization. (frontiersin.org)
  • The persistence of such responses is fundamentally thought to be based on the ability of T cells to act as potent effectors and, subsequently, generate long-lived memory ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The angiogenic effects of IL8 in intestinal microvascular endothelial cells are found to be mediated by this receptor. (cancerindex.org)
  • The hemostatic system consists of platelets, coagulation factors, and the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. (medscape.com)
  • Under physiological circumstances, the resistance of the endothelial cell lining to interactions with platelets and coagulation factors prevents thrombosis. (medscape.com)
  • While innate immune cells are important for early tumor immune surveillance, T cells are fundamentally recognized for their crucial role in the antigen-specific recognition and elimination of malignantly transformed cells ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The effective immune cells to eliminate the viral agents are cytotoxic T cell (Tc), natural killer cell (NK), and macrophage. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • PD-L1 CAR haNKs reduced levels of macrophages and other myeloid cells endogenously expressing high PD-L1 in peripheral blood from patients with head and neck cancer. (elifesciences.org)
  • It is expressed on activated T-cells, B-cells, and myeloid cells. (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • Cancer can be considered a disease of immune dysfunction, with a failure of immune recognition leading to the outgrowth of malignant cells as tumors ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • BTC is proteolytically processed from a larger membrane-anchored precursor and is a potent mitogen for a wide variety of cell types. (embl.de)
  • The clonal selection theory, developed by MacFarland Burnet in the late 1950s, says that antigens, not cells, control the immune response. (pharmacygyan.com)
  • and (5) some of the daughter cells will act as progenitor cells. (pharmacygyan.com)
  • 1983) and the multipotent progenitor cells from fetal disease (Bjorklund and Lindvall, 2000). (lu.se)
  • The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)
  • These methods and results can help us to better understand immune reconstitution following hematopoietic cell transplantation, leading to future studies on the clinical application of adoptive T-cell therapies. (nature.com)
  • A better and deeper understanding of immune reconstitution following allo-HCT is required for further clinical application of these adoptive T-cell therapies. (nature.com)
  • In current clinical development, targeting CD19 + B cell malignancies, which include acute and chronic B-cell leukaemia and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs), with anti-CD19 CAR-T cells is one of the most advanced adoptive T-cell therapies and has been approved by the FDA. (nature.com)
  • A fifth variant (FAM71A rs147978008) showed nonrisk allele preferential binding to H1 histones. (cdc.gov)
  • Measurements and Main Results: We show that CLU binds to circulating histones and reduces their inflammatory, thrombotic, and cytotoxic properties. (bvsalud.org)