• AMPA receptor variants were identified with a polyclonal antibody recognizing the conserved extracellular loop region of all four AMPA receptor subunits (GluR1-4, both flip and flop ), whereas NMDA receptors were immunolabeled with a polyclonal antibody that binds to an extracellular N-terminal epitope of the NR1 subunit, common to all splice variants. (jneurosci.org)
  • The reason for this is that the epitopes are able to bind to the B-cells, but are too small to contain additional motifs required to associate with class II molecules and T-cell receptors. (gbiosciences.com)
  • Inhibiting peptides, as P-17 in this study, are bound to either TGFβ1 or its receptors, blocking signal transduction. (cnr.it)
  • The two building blocks of the carrier, (BSA and FA) were used because of the high affinity of albumin for liver and for the overexpression of folate receptors on the membrane of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. (cnr.it)
  • Coupling newly developed nanomaterials with other recognition elements such as nanobodies, peptide aptamers, and protein receptors would open up new avenues for electrochemical immunoassays and further extend their applications. (cdc.gov)
  • The 2.05 Å resolution MBP-peptide-teicoplanin structure shows that teicoplanin recognizes its ligand through a combination of five hydrogen bonds and multiple van der Waals interactions. (anl.gov)
  • Comparison of this teicoplanin structure with that of unliganded teicoplanin reveals a flexibility in the antibiotic peptide backbone that has significant implications for ligand recognition. (anl.gov)
  • it is shown that teicoplanin is significantly more radiation-sensitive than other similar antibiotics and that ligand binding increases radiosensitivity. (anl.gov)
  • A synthetic, specially- designed oligonucleotide with the ability to recognize and bind a protein ligand molecule or molecules with high affinity and specificity. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • When this decoy receptor is engaged by a ligand to the displayed protein/peptide, the receptor expressing cell is rescued from apoptosis. (lu.se)
  • In the first part of this thesis, the interaction between the rat CD2 (rCD2) adhesion protein and its ligand rat CD48T92A (rCD48T92A), a high-affinity mutant of the wild type rat CD48, was used to establish a new method of obtaining single-cell binding affinities of T cells interacting with SLBs using imidazole titrations. (lu.se)
  • Even though the CD4 co-receptor increases the sensitivity of T cell signalling manyfold, it binds to its ligand, peptide major histocompatibility complex II (pMHCII), with the lowest binding affinity known to this day. (lu.se)
  • Previous work in the Tew group has demonstrated polymer cell-penetrating peptide mimics (CPPMs) as effective transporters of biological agents, including proteins and antibodies. (umass.edu)
  • The use of peptides for the generation of antibodies against specific peptides has become an essential tool in proteomic research. (gbiosciences.com)
  • Moreover, the antigenic diversity of these new recombinant enzymes when measured with different anti-virus antibodies has also been largely reduced, indicating a better presentation of the epitopes located in the viral peptide. (uab.cat)
  • The associators, such as aptamers or antibodies, bind their targets, when such targets are present in a fluid sample from a pregnant woman, to produce a detectable signal. (justia.com)
  • non-IgE-reactive allergen-derived peptides are covalently coupled to carrier proteins, such as viral proteins, in order to induce allergen-specific IgG antibodies with carrier-based T cell help [51]. (idplink.net)
  • Vaccination of mice and rabbits induced specific IgG antibodies that were able to inhibit the binding of IgE of allergic patients to the natural allergens. (idplink.net)
  • Drugs with low molecular weight as antigens can bind to antibodies but are not immunogenic. (biomedres.us)
  • Once bound it works in conjunction with CLEAVAGE AND POLYADENYLATION SPECIFICITY FACTOR to stimulate the rate of poly A synthesis by POLY A POLYMERASE. (harvard.edu)
  • The specificity of FSC231 for the PICK1 PDZ domain was supported by the lack of binding to PDZ domains of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) and glutamate receptor interacting protein 1 (GRIP1). (ku.dk)
  • A family of RNA-BINDING PROTEINS which contain a motif consisting of two ribonucleoprotein (RNP) domains that bind RNA, and other domains that allow for high affinity binding, sequence specificity, and protein interactions. (childrensmercy.org)
  • Through a series of bioactivity assays, we found the transfer to the acyl carrier protein (ACP) in a fatty acyl-AMP ligase (FAAL)-dependent manner determined the specificity of lipids selected in the biosynthetic process. (duke.edu)
  • New assays to investigate competition of polymer-cargo complexes by intracellular proteins were introduced and revealed that competition of xii polymer-cargo is influenced by initial binding strength. (umass.edu)
  • However, from the cellular perspective, after binding of hapten to a carrier protein and formation of the complexes that are processed inside Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) and presented as a stable hapten-peptide complex to the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) settled in the tissues, an immune response will begin [13]. (biomedres.us)
  • New technologies for purifying membrane-bound protein complexes in combination with cryo-electron microscopy (EM) have recently allowed the exploration of such complexes under near-native conditions. (researchgate.net)
  • Collagen-related peptide (CRP), a collagen homologue, induces platelet activation through a tyrosine kinase-dependent pathway, leading to sequential tyrosine phosphorylation of Fc receptor (FcR) gamma-chain, Syk, and phospholipase C-gamma2. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here we report that CRP and the platelet low affinity immune receptor FcgammaRIIA stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation of the T cell adapter SLP-76, whereas the G protein-coupled receptor agonist thrombin induces only minor tyrosine phosphorylation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Several of these proteins, including SLP-76, undergo tyrosine phosphorylation in in vitro kinase assays performed on SLP-76 immunoprecipitates. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Tyrosine phosphorylation of all of these proteins in the in vitro kinase assay was abrogated by the Src family kinase inhibitor PP1, suggesting that it is mediated by either Fyn or Lyn. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The results showed that Ski significantly reduced transaminase levels, liver necrosis area, oxidative stress, and apoptosis levels in mice with I/R. Ski also inhibited cell injury and apoptosis after H/R. Moreover, Ski activated phosphorylation of PI3K-AKT pathway-related proteins after liver I/R and cell H/R. Importantly, the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 effectively reversed the alleviation of I/R injury caused by Ski. (bvsalud.org)
  • Bovine serum albumin is a single polypeptide of 67kDa and consists of 59 lysine residues, of which 30-35 have primary amines that can react with crosslinkers for the coupling of peptides. (gbiosciences.com)
  • Here, a plasmid carrying specific shDNA (SHT-DNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), and the peptide (P-17) were loaded separately into folic acid (FA)-functionalized nano-carriers made of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). (cnr.it)
  • CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. (rndsystems.com)
  • We have structurally characterized the final peptidyl carrier protein domain of the teicoplanin non-ribosomal peptide synthetase machinery: this domain is believed to mediate the interactions with tailoring Oxy enzymes in addition to its function as a shuttle for intermediates between multiple non-ribosomal peptide synthetase domains. (rcsb.org)
  • Acyl carrier protein (ACP) is an essential cofactor in the synthesis of fatty acids by the fatty acid synthetases systems in bacteria and plants. (embl.de)
  • The present disclosure relates generally to the selection of DNA aptamers that prevent aggregation, or fibrilization of alpha-synuclein protein. (justia.com)
  • Keyhole limpet hemocyanin is a widely used carrier protein due to its large molecular mass (4.5x105-1.3x107Da aggregates) and large number of primary amines that can react with cross-linkers for the coupling of peptides. (gbiosciences.com)
  • Concerning the chemical structure, the hormones of the endocrine systems are either amines, peptides or steroid hormones. (supportgroupsfornurses.org)
  • Its biosynthesis is via an enzymatic assembly consisting of 3 peptide synthetase proteins, TycA, TycB, and TycC, which contain 10 modules. (wikipedia.org)
  • The structures exhibit the same general fold as the majority of known carrier protein structures, in spite of the complex biosynthetic role that PCP domains from the final non-ribosomal peptide synthetase module must play in glycopeptide antibiotic biosynthesis. (rcsb.org)
  • The biosynthesis of Tyrocidine is similar to Gramicidin S, and is achieved through the use of nonribosomal protein synthetases (NRPSs). (wikipedia.org)
  • The biosynthesis of the glycopeptide antibiotics, of which teicoplanin and vancomycin are representative members, relies on the combination of non-ribosomal peptide synthesis and modification of the peptide by cytochrome P450 (Oxy) enzymes while the peptide remains bound to the peptide synthesis machinery. (rcsb.org)
  • This drug inhibits bacterial cell-wall biosynthesis by binding and sequestering a cell-wall precursor: a D-alanine-containing peptide. (anl.gov)
  • Natural products belonging to the lipid II-binding family act as potent antimicrobial agents by disrupting cell wall biosynthesis via sequestering the late-stage intermediate lipid II. (duke.edu)
  • This work led to the discovery of a novel class I lasso peptide, arcumycin, and we validated a conserved mechanism of action for Actinobacteria-produced lasso peptides in targeting lipid II biosynthesis. (duke.edu)
  • The inhibitor bound the PICK1 PDZ domain with an affinity similar to that observed for endogenous peptide ligands (K(i) approximately 10.1 microM). (ku.dk)
  • Porosity, binding affinity, size exclusion abilities, filtration abilities, concentration abilities and signal amplification abilities of a Molecular Net may be varied and depend on the nature of components used in its fabrication. (justia.com)
  • Oligonucleotide which displays specific binding to a protein or other target, often selected by an iterative cycle of affinity- based enrichment. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Understanding how proteins interact entails studying the binding affinity (strength) and the lifetime (duration) of the protein-protein interaction to better decompose how an immune response is initiated and how we can explore this knowledge to treat diseases. (lu.se)
  • The results showed a relatively small spread in the rCD2-rCD48T92A binding affinity values despite the considerable spread of receptor densities within the cell population. (lu.se)
  • Using both these methods, the single-cell binding affinity and lifetime of the cell population can be investigated and their spread can provide information concealed with population-average techniques. (lu.se)
  • The antigenic properties of a viral peptide from the surface of foot-and-mouth disease virus particles have been successfully mimicked by multiple insertion in solvent-exposed regions of Escherichia coli β-galactosidase. (uab.cat)
  • Table 1 Examples for recombinant allergens, allergen derivatives, and peptides developed for immunotherapy arginine kinase) was tested in mice and found to attenuate allergic airway inflammation upon allergen re-exposure better than liposome-entrapped crude extract [85]. (idplink.net)
  • By increasing the number of viral peptides per enzyme monomer, the average IC50 of hybrid proteins in a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) have decreased to values close to that presented by natural virions. (uab.cat)
  • Although bivalent antibody binding could have been favoured by multiple presentation, conformational modifications of the viral peptide, due to the presence of other insertions or a cooperative antibody binding cannot be excluded. (uab.cat)
  • Feliu, JX, Carbonell, X & Villaverde, A 2000, ' Successful mimicry of a complex viral antigen by multiple peptide insertions in a carrier protein ', FEBS Letters , vol. 474, pp. 87-92. (uab.cat)
  • In this thesis, total internal fluorescence microscopy (TIRF) and single-molecule imaging were used to observe and characterize protein-functionalized supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) interacting with immune cells to obtain the binding kinetics of various protein-protein pairs. (lu.se)
  • In particular, the identification of dominant interactions of electrostatics and hydrophobicity was observed given the sensitivity of binding assays to salt disruption and the manipulation of block polymer copolymer architecture. (umass.edu)
  • Furthermore, limitations of current assays to quantify polymer-protein binding were discussed and a new method of Covalent- Labeling Mass Spectrometry was introduced to quantify non-covalent polymer interactions with model protein surface patches. (umass.edu)
  • This represents the first use of this method for identifying non-covalent polymer-protein interactions. (umass.edu)
  • This method allowed for increased understanding of the binding interactions between polymer-based CPPMs and anionic and hydrophobic surface patches on protein cargo. (umass.edu)
  • The role of polymer self-assembly was observed to impact not only initial binding interactions with protein cargo, but also internalization and intracellular activity. (umass.edu)
  • These structures thus support the hypothesis that it is subtle rearrangements, rather than dramatic conformational changes, which govern carrier protein interactions and selectivity during non-ribosomal peptide synthesis. (rcsb.org)
  • In this study, we have characterized a novel approach for identification and selection of protein-protein interactions, denoted SPIRE (selection of protein interactions by receptor engagement), which is based on a mammalian expression system. (lu.se)
  • This demonstrates that the approach may serve as a tool in post-genomic research for identifying protein-protein interactions, without prior knowledge of either component. (lu.se)
  • Protein-protein interactions are crucial in numerous cellular functions and biological processes that take place inside our body. (lu.se)
  • The carrier proteins, once coupled to the peptides, provide these additional motifs and generate a strong antibody response. (gbiosciences.com)
  • The latter approach works by fusing non-IgE reactive peptides derived from IgE binding sites of the allergens to a virus protein, which acts as a carrier MARK4 inhibitor 1 and provides the T-cell help necessary for immune stimulation and protective antibody production. (idplink.net)
  • The carrier protein uses the 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group for loading of the growing peptide and their monomer precursors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, a co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that the formation of a ternary complex between DJ-1, DJBP, and AR occurred in cells in which DJ-1 bound to the AR via DJBP. (nih.gov)
  • Here we describe the first small-molecule inhibitor (FSC231) of the PDZ domain in protein interacting with C kinase 1 (PICK1) identified by a screening of approximately 44,000 compounds in a fluorescent polarization assay. (ku.dk)
  • Recent observations raise the hypothesis that not only the drug/chemical, but also parts of the haptenated protein or peptides may constitute the important structural determinants for antigen recognition by the TCR. (frontiersin.org)
  • The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) shuttles proteasomally generated peptides into the ER for MHC I loading. (researchgate.net)
  • The devices and kits include one or more associators specific for molecular targets, such as microRNAs and proteins and peptide fragments thereof. (justia.com)
  • Use of various capture molecules, linkers and spacers in a Molecular Net may confer unique binding properties to a Molecular Net. (justia.com)
  • From the chemical standpoint, the hapten is a low molecular weight chemical agent, that must bind to a large carrier protein to create a conjugate (Figure 1), before being detected by the immune system and eliciting an immunological response. (biomedres.us)
  • One of the key molecular events in skin sensitization is protein haptenation, i.e. the chemical modification of self-skin protein(s) thus forming macromolecular immunogens. (cdc.gov)
  • The basis of hapten- molecular mechanisms of the sensitization pro- protein binding work is the hypothesis that upon cess will result in novel opportunities for the skin absorption, only protein-reactive chemicals development of alternative methods for assessing (or those that can be metabolically or chemically skin sensitization hazard and relative potency of converted to protein-reactive species) are able to chemicals. (cdc.gov)
  • In the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM it binds to specific N-linked oligosaccharides found on newly-synthesized proteins and functions as a MOLECULAR CHAPERONE that may play a role in PROTEIN FOLDING or retention and degradation of misfolded proteins. (ouhsc.edu)
  • An attractive approach is to develop systems that allow for clonal selection of interacting protein pairs from large molecular libraries. (lu.se)
  • DEL1 protects against chondrocyte apoptosis through integrin binding. (uchicago.edu)
  • Western blotting was used to detect apoptosis-related proteins and PI3K-AKT pathway-related proteins. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition, a multidimensional antigenic analysis have grouped together the multiple-inserted proteins with the native virus, suggesting that increasing the number of insertions could be a good strategy to reproduce the antigenic properties of an immunoreactive peptide in a natural multimeric disposition. (uab.cat)
  • Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules present antigenic peptides to cytotoxic T cells to eliminate infected or cancerous cells. (researchgate.net)
  • abstract = 'Proteins containing PSD-95/Discs-large/ZO-1 homology (PDZ) domains play key roles in the assembly and regulation of cellular signaling pathways and represent putative targets for new pharmacotherapeutics. (ku.dk)
  • This discrepancy is explained by thymic selection where the fate of T-cell precursors is dependent on the recognition of self-peptides (self-p) presented by MHC molecules on thymic stromal cells ( 28 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • They are small molecules that become immunogenic only when they are combined with larger carrier proteins [9,10]. (biomedres.us)
  • This negative surface provides binding sites for enzymes and cofactors of the coagulation system, resulting in the formation of a clot (secondary hemostasis). (medscape.com)
  • Enhancement of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) activity by membrane curvature and inositol-phospholipid-binding peptides. (tamu.edu)
  • Receptor-like protein kinase. (or.jp)
  • Elongation of the peptide chain is achieved through condensation of the upstream PCP onto an adjacent downstream PCP-bound monomer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Factors that utilize energy from the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP for peptide chain elongation. (childrensmercy.org)
  • SCOP: Structural Classification of Proteins and ASTRAL. (berkeley.edu)
  • The first includes efforts to characterize the relationship between structural feature and bioactivity for the lipid II-binding CDA (calcium dependent antibiotic), malacidin. (duke.edu)
  • Collectively, through each project we have gained a deeper understanding of the structural elements and biosynthetic pathways of lipid II-binding antimicrobials. (duke.edu)
  • Structural domain analysis indicated that the SfGFAT protein consisted of one glutamine aminotransferase class 2 domain and two sugar isomerase domains. (bvsalud.org)
  • In parallel, transient overexpression of SmTATs in tobacco leaves revealed that all three SmTAT proteins catalyzed tyrosine to 4-HPP in vivo, with SmTAT1 exhibiting the highest enzymatic activity. (bvsalud.org)
  • TycF has been identified as a thioesterase (TE) and is similar to other TEs in bacterial operons used for encoding peptide synthetases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Structure of the complex between teicoplanin and a bacterial cell-wall peptide: use of a carrier-protein approach. (anl.gov)
  • In addition to the binding of DJBP to the COOH-terminal region of DJ-1, DJBP was also found to bind in vitro and in vivo to the DNA-binding domain of the AR in a testosterone-dependent manner and to be colocalized with DJ-1 or AR in the nucleus. (nih.gov)
  • By binding to p63 and p73 in vitro and in vivo, ASPP1 and ASPP2 stimulate the transactivation function of p63 and p73 on the promoters of Bax, PIG3, and PUMA but not mdm2 or p21(WAF-1/CIP1). (ox.ac.uk)
  • We later identified PIAS (protein inhibitor of activated STAT)xalpha as a DJ-1-binding protein, and found that DJ-1 restored androgen receptor (AR) transcription activity that was repressed by PIASxalpha. (nih.gov)
  • We further demonstrate that this conformational diversity is an essential prerequisite for the directed movement of the 4'-PP cofactor and its interaction with externally acting proteins such as thioesterases and 4'-PP transferase. (rcsb.org)
  • A carrier-protein strategy was used to crystallize the complex of teicoplanin and its target peptide by fusing the cell-wall peptide to either MBP or ubiquitin via native chemical ligation and subsequently crystallizing the protein-peptide-antibiotic complex. (anl.gov)
  • The release of the product from the carrier protein is achieved through acylation of the active site serine of TE in which the decapeptide is transferred from the thiol ether to the serine residue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Phosphopantetheine is attached to a serine residue in these proteins. (embl.de)
  • Moreover, as the word 'coding' refers to the relationship between nucleic acids and proteins, rather than the mere transcription of DNA into RNA, it is logical to call the strand with the mRNA sequence the coding strand, as in the first example. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Cellular nucleic acid-binding protein is essential for type I interferon-mediated immunity to RNA virus infection. (umassmed.edu)
  • Examples of this approach are vaccines consisting of the rhinovirus-derived coat protein VP1 fused to Phl p 1-derived peptides [58] or vaccines based on the PreS domain of hepatitis B virus fused to cat-derived and birch pollen-derived peptides [59? (idplink.net)
  • Peptides, approximately 25-40 amino acids in length, derived from the IgE binding sites of allergens are derived from the IgE binding sites of allergens are selected and fused with a nonallergenic carrier protein that provides T cell help for the induction of carrier-specific and allergen-specific IgG. (idplink.net)
  • This vaccine design was evaluated with peptides derived from the major allergens from timothy grass pollen (Phl p 1 and Phl p 5) [52, 53? (idplink.net)
  • Phase I and IIa clinical studies ("type":"clinical-trial","attrs":"text":"NCT01350635″,"term_id":"NCT01350635″NCT01350635, "type":"clinical-trial","attrs":"text":"NCT01445002″,"term_id":"NCT01445002″NCT01445002) were recently concluded on the BM32 vaccine, which consists of PreS fused to non-allergenic peptides from the 4 major timothy grass pollen allergens Phl p 1, 2, 5, and 6. (idplink.net)
  • A multifunctional protein that is found primarily within membrane-bound organelles. (ouhsc.edu)
  • We have demonstrated proof of concept by creating a general plasma membrane bound decoy receptor, by displaying a protein or a peptide genetically fused to a trunctated version of the CD40 molecule. (lu.se)
  • Roy A, Mondal S, Kordower JH, Pahan K. Attenuation of microglial RANTES by NEMO-binding domain peptide inhibits the infiltration of CD8(+) T cells in the nigra of hemiparkinsonian monkey. (rush.edu)
  • A TROPONIN complex subunit that binds calcium and help regulate calcium-dependent muscle contraction. (nih.gov)
  • Calcium-Binding Proteins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)
  • Proteins to which calcium ions are bound. (uchicago.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Calcium-Binding Proteins" by people in Profiles. (uchicago.edu)
  • ACE-2 is the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2 Spike protein receptor in vivo (4-6), functions catalytically as a carboxypeptidase to cleave several substrates including angiotensins I and II, and acts as a partner for B0AT1-family amino acid transporters (1, 2). (rndsystems.com)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Poly(A)-Binding Protein II" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Poly(A)-Binding Protein II" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Poly(A)-Binding Protein II" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Nonheme Iron Proteins" by people in Profiles over the past ten years. (uams.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "RNA Recognition Motif (RRM) Proteins" by people in Profiles. (childrensmercy.org)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)" by people in Profiles. (uchicago.edu)