• CD244 is a type-I transmembrane protein belonging to the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family of receptors (SLAMF) which are expressed in different types of hematopoietic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adaptor proteins, GRB2 and SOS, are then sequentially recruited to stimulate the release of GDP from KRAS which permits binding of GTP to activate KRAS. (hindawi.com)
  • GRB2 (growth factor receptor-bound protein 2), an adaptor protein involved in signal transduction, contains a central SH2 domain flanked by two SH3 domains. (rndsystems.com)
  • Tyrosine phosphorylation of GRB2 SH3 domains reduces binding to Sos and negatively regulates downstream signaling pathways including Ras, JNK and MAPK. (rndsystems.com)
  • The phosphorylated receptor recruits adapter proteins like GRB2 which in turn activates complex downstream signaling cascades. (joplink.net)
  • This gene is a member of the GRB2-associated binding protein (GAB) gene family. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • These proteins contain pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, and bind SHP2 tyrosine phosphatase and GRB2 adapter protein. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • Phosphorylation of EGFR at Y1086 specifically allows binding of the adaptor protein GRB2, leading to activation of the MAPK pathway. (thermofisher.com)
  • The inhibitory signal is mediated by binding of phosphatases SHP1, SHP2, SHIP-1 or the kinase CsK on the third ITSM. (wikipedia.org)
  • Then it binds to the kinase Fyn and that enhances downstream signaling. (wikipedia.org)
  • The biologic function of LKB1 includes the regulation of downstream kinases, including adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the related kinases (microtube affinity-regulating kinase [MARK] 1 through MARK4 and brain-specific kinase/synapses of the amphid-defective kinase [Brsk/SAD]), which are involved in cellular metabolic regulation-stress response and cellular polarity, the latter through tubulin stabilization, tight junction formation, and E-cadherin localization. (medscape.com)
  • BRAF is a protein kinase and part of the MAP kinase signalling cascade which involves transduction of a growth signal from the cell membrane to the nucleus via a chain of protein kinases and is responsible for cellular proliferation and survival. (hindawi.com)
  • It is an integral component of the MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase cascade. (hindawi.com)
  • Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses. (joplink.net)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is the principal activator of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase in response to activation of the high affinity IgE receptor. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • The signaling complex which is composed of a transmembrane receptor, histidine protein kinase CheA and adaptor protein CheW plays an important role in chemotaxis signaling pathway. (ucsb.edu)
  • The downstream signal transduction toward Eda-A1 involves the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway (Clevers 2006 ) and requires lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (Lef-1) for activation of the Ed1 ( Ta ) expression (Durmowicz et al. (springer.com)
  • Adaptor proteins, such as the sequestosome 1/p62-like receptors, which directly bind to cargos, contribute to specific molecular targeting. (nature.com)
  • Secreted IFN-α/β and IFN-λ bind to their specific receptors (IFNAR and IFNLR) in infected and neighboring cells. (cdc.gov)
  • They act as adapters for transmitting various signals in response to stimuli through cytokine and growth factor receptors, and T- and B-cell antigen receptors. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • Proteins that enhance gene expression when associated with ligand bound activated NUCLEAR RECEPTORS. (bvsalud.org)
  • Alternatively nuclear receptor coactivators can function as adaptor proteins that bring nuclear receptors into close proximity with transcriptional complexes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Chemokine secretion was reduced upon inhibition of NF-kappaB, as predicted by upstream regulator analysis of the transcriptomics data, and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their adaptor molecule, MyD88 were shown to be important for CCL5 secretion. (cdc.gov)
  • These proteins are involved in signal transduction from ectoderm to mesenchyme during development of the fetus and are indispensable for the differentiation of ectoderm-derived structures such as eccrine sweat glands, teeth, hair, skin, and/or nails. (springer.com)
  • Within the last 10 years significant progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of HED and this is mainly due to the discovery of unknown proteins and the elucidation of their function in signal transduction via the TNFα-related pathway. (springer.com)
  • This signal transduction pathway is initiated by epidermal growth factor ligands binding to and activating receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) at the cell membrane. (hindawi.com)
  • The insulin receptor substrate p53 (IRSp53), an Src homology 3 (SH3) adapter protein and regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, was identified as an espin-binding protein in yeast two-hybrid screens. (northwestern.edu)
  • All NSP proteins contain an NH 2 -terminal SH2 (Src homology domain 2) domain, a central proline/serine-rich domain, and a COOH-terminal domain with modest homology to Ras subfamily GDP-exchange factors (GEFs). (molvis.org)
  • Our publication in PLoS Pathogens (2014) demonstrated that infection of conventional DCs with MVA, leads to the induction of type I IFN production that is dependent on the cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase) and its adaptor STING (stimulator of IFN genes). (mskcc.org)
  • How NLRP7-a component of the CATERPILLAR family of proteins involved in innate immunity and apoptosis-causes these specific DNA methylation and trophoblast defects is unknown. (nih.gov)
  • EGFR belongs to the HER/ERbB family of proteins that includes three other receptor tyrosine kinases, ERbB2, ERbB3, ERbB4. (thermofisher.com)
  • A single evolutionarily divergent mutation determines the different FAD-binding affinities of human and rat NQO1 due to site-specific phosphorylation. (cuni.cz)
  • We structurally resolve the interface with PRMT5 and show via genetic perturbation that it is required for methylation of adaptor-recruited substrates including the spliceosome, histones, and ribosomal complexes. (rcsb.org)
  • Because rodents lack NLRP7, we used human embryonic stem cells to study its function and demonstrate that NLRP7 interacts with YY1, an important chromatin-binding factor. (nih.gov)
  • AND-34/BCAR3 (Breast Cancer Anti-Estrogen Resistance 3) associates with the focal adhesion adaptor protein, p130CAS/BCAR1. (molvis.org)
  • Regulation of cell migration by focal adhesion adapter proteins and their role in cancer cell metastasis. (upstate.edu)
  • After the degradation of damaged proteins and lipids, amino acids and fatty acids are released into the cytoplasm and recycled for new biosynthesis of cellular components or energy production [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The LDL particles are bound to long receptor molecules on the cell surface, which then associate with adaptor proteins and clathrin on the inner side of the membrane. (rcsb.org)
  • CD244 (Cluster of Differentiation 244) also known as 2B4 or SLAMF4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD244 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B) gene encodes a protein that belongs to the Raf family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (hindawi.com)
  • When a cell needs to make a particular protein, it first copies the instructions from the matching gene into a molecule known as a messenger RNA (or an mRNA for short). (elifesciences.org)
  • Mutations in the EGFR gene are associated with lung cancer and multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encode different protein isoforms of EGFR have been found. (thermofisher.com)
  • The intracellular domain contains four intracellular tyrosine-based switch motives (ITSMs) and interacts with SH2 domain-containing proteins which are involved in the signaling and determine whether it will be activating or inhibitory. (wikipedia.org)
  • Indeed, we found that rapsyn associated with CD4-β loop chimeras in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, and that agrin increased the ratio of rapsyn binding to wild type AChR but not to AChR-β 3F/3F , which lacks β loop tyrosine phosphorylation sites. (jneurosci.org)
  • EGFR is a transmembrane receptor and binding of its cognate ligands such as EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor) and TGF alpha (Transforming Growth Factor alpha) to the extracellular domain leads to EGFR dimerization followed by autophosphorylation of the tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic domain. (thermofisher.com)
  • 5] C1q is a member of the collectin family, which also includes surfactant A, surfactant D, and mannose-binding lectin (MBL). (medscape.com)
  • The SH2 domain binds to phosphotyrosine residues in RTKs such as PDGF and EGF, non-RTKs such as Bcr/Abl and FAK, and docking proteins such as FRS-2 and Gab1. (rndsystems.com)
  • Ligand binding triggers receptor homo- and/or heterodimerization and autophosphorylation on key cytoplasmic residues. (joplink.net)
  • ED1 , encoding a ligand-ectodysplasinA-A1 (EDA-A1), EDAR , coding for ectodysplasinA-A1 receptor, EDARADD , programming the structure of EDAR-associated death domain protein and NEMO whose protein product, NFκB essential modulator (NEMO), is necessary for an indirect activation of nuclear factor κB (NFκB). (springer.com)
  • Selective microfluidics-based ligand enrichment followed by sequencing, or SMiLE-seq, combines antibody arrays, mechanical trapping, and next-generation sequencing readouts to provide a new platform for characterizing DNA-protein interactions. (genomeweb.com)
  • Using in vitro RNA gel shifts we have demonstrated that the C/EBPß message is a ligand for HuR and that the single binding site is an adenylate-uridylate rich element in the 3'untranslated region. (uncg.edu)
  • RNA binding proteins recognize these sequences and assemble with their mRNA target into mRNPs. (europa.eu)
  • Mutations affecting zipcodes, RBPs or motor-proteins required for neuronal mRNA localization were shown to lead to severe neurodegenerative diseases as ALS, FXTAS and FXS (7), underlining the need to understand the mechanisms that drive neuronal mRNA transport. (europa.eu)
  • Dendritic localisation of CaMKIIa-mRNA requires its 3'UTR harbouring binding sites for RBPs as FMRP and Staufen2, which are required for its correct localisation. (europa.eu)
  • Inhibiting the localisation of this mRNA leads to a significant reduction of CamKIIa protein at postsynaptic densities and a strong reduction of cognitive abilities in animal models (12). (europa.eu)
  • Also in this specific case, it is not understood how RBPs, potential adaptors and motor proteins, which are essential for the transport of CaMKIIa-mRNA are mechanistically contributing to its correct localisation. (europa.eu)
  • The more mRNA copies it makes, the more protein it can produce. (elifesciences.org)
  • A simple way to control protein production is to raise or lower the number of these mRNA messages, and living cells have lots of ways to make this happen. (elifesciences.org)
  • Once bound to the mRNA HuR is recognized by adapter proteins which then facilitate nuclear export of the complex. (uncg.edu)
  • These proteins are novel isoforms of the actin-bundling protein espin that arise through the use of a unique site for transcriptional initiation and differential splicing. (northwestern.edu)
  • Significant obstacles for the sequencing of tRNA include the presence of numerous post-transcriptional modifications and its stable and extensive secondary structure, which interfere with cDNA synthesis and adapter ligation. (cdc.gov)
  • As a molecular chaperone, HSP90 regulates the conformational maturation and functional stability of many signaling proteins in cells, serves important roles in cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and tumor development and is an important antitumor target ( 8 , 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Results DIM, but not I3C, increased adipocyte differentiation through upregulation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α. (researchgate.net)
  • By physically restraining bound molecules against an antibody array, they capture both transient interactions, which yeast two-hybrid or tandem mass spectrometry methods don't, and weak interactions, which are usually obliterated by the wash in protein-DNA microarrays. (genomeweb.com)
  • This Antibody was verified by Independent antibody to ensure that the antibody binds to the antigen stated. (thermofisher.com)
  • antibody responses to polysaccharide antigens are decreased and antibody responses to protein antigens are slightly reduced. (medscape.com)
  • Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process that eliminates damaged cell organelles, unfolded proteins, and various intracellular pathogens through lysosomal degradation. (hindawi.com)
  • In general, autophagy degrades long-lived damaged intracellular proteins, in contrast to the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which controls the degradation of short-lived proteins [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The autophagophore membrane then elongates and encloses the molecules to be degraded forming an autophagosome, which occurs in two separate conjugation reactions catalyzed by autophagy-related proteins (ATGs). (hindawi.com)
  • Recent advances in understanding the molecular events underlying hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) caused by mutations of the genes encoding proteins of the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-related signaling pathway have been presented. (springer.com)
  • The addition of an affinity tag allowed us to avoid the use of antibodies targeted toward the intracellular C-terminal tail of APP, a region to which a number of reported interacting proteins bind ( King and Turner, 2004 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) is an intracellular pattern recognition receptor that recognizes bacterial peptidoglycan (PG) containing meso-diaminopimelic acid (mesoDAP) and activates the innate immune system. (amrita.edu)
  • Using chimeric proteins in which CD4 is fused to the large intracellular loop of each of the AChR subunits we found that agrin induced clustering of only chimeras containing the β subunit loop. (jneurosci.org)
  • Each subunit has a large intracellular loop between the third and fourth transmembrane domains that is the likely site for regulated interactions with postsynaptic scaffolding proteins. (jneurosci.org)
  • Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 5 (HPS-5) results from a deficiency of the HPS-5 protein, a component of BLOC-2. (medscape.com)
  • Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the reactivity of microglia (ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, IBA-1) and astroglia (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP), as well as blood vessel density (rat endothelial cell antigen 1, RECA-1) and albumin extravasation. (lu.se)
  • Bacteria often can't support over-expression needed to get workable quantities of protein for an assay, and in vitro expression often can't synthesize a fully functional transcription factor. (genomeweb.com)
  • The transcription factors bind to any number of DNA motifs in the library, those interactions are trapped, and then the readout matches up each motif with the transcription factor via the barcode. (genomeweb.com)
  • Utilization of Fast Photochemical Oxidation of Proteins and Both Bottom-up and Top-down Mass Spectrometry for Structural Characterization of a Transcription Factor-dsDNA Complex. (cuni.cz)
  • The expression and availability of an adaptor protein SAP determine whether the signal is activating or inhibitory. (wikipedia.org)
  • Binding of EAT2 is associated with both the activating and the inhibitory signal. (wikipedia.org)
  • The activity of CDKs is controlled by their binding to coactivator subunits termed Cyclins, as well as by CDK inhibitory proteins termed CKIs. (intechopen.com)
  • In this work, we have revealed that early viral protein UBCv1, the only known conjugating enzyme encoded by a virus, modulates innate immune and inflammatory signaling. (mdpi.com)
  • In humans, the multisubunit complex cohesin is made up of SMC1, SMC3, RAD21 and a STAG protein. (nih.gov)
  • The assay could help accelerate efforts to map where transcription factors bind the genomes of humans and model organisms, Deplancke said. (genomeweb.com)
  • We demonstrate that PRMT5 uses modular adaptor proteins containing a common binding motif for substrate recruitment, comparable with other enzyme classes such as kinases and E3 ligases. (rcsb.org)
  • We have found that these multi-domain proteins bind numerous structural and signaling proteins including kinases, phosphatases and Rho family GTPase regulators and effectors. (upstate.edu)
  • At the neuromuscular junction, the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is specifically clustered in the postsynaptic membrane via interactions with rapsyn and other scaffolding proteins. (jneurosci.org)
  • Together, these findings suggest that agrin-induced phosphorylation of the β subunit motif increases the stoichiometry of rapsyn binding to the AChR, thereby helping to stably cluster the receptor and anchor it at high density in the postsynaptic membrane. (jneurosci.org)
  • The mechanism by which MuSK signaling regulates the interaction of the AChR with scaffolding proteins that localize it in the postsynaptic membrane, however, remain unknown. (jneurosci.org)
  • Computational studies to elucidate how SWCNTs may interact with TLR4 in the absence of a protein corona suggested that binding is guided mainly by hydrophobic interactions. (cdc.gov)
  • The impaired function of specific organelles indicates that the causative genes encode proteins operative in the formation of lysosomes and vesicles. (medscape.com)
  • Deplancke also worked in advanced bioinformatics to derive predictive models for binding interactions. (genomeweb.com)
  • To investigate the APP in vivo interactome in an unbiased manner, we generated mice that harbor a mouse prion protein promoter-driven cDNA encoding human APP-695 fused to a C-terminal affinity tag. (jneurosci.org)
  • Widely used RNA-seq methods start with adapter ligation and cDNA synthesis of biological RNA samples followed by PCR amplification to generate sequencing libraries1. (cdc.gov)
  • The SH3 domains associate with proline rich motifs on the guanine nucleotide releasing factor, Sos, stimulating GTP binding to Ras, which in turn activates MAPK and other signaling pathways. (rndsystems.com)
  • We identified a group of actin-binding-bundling proteins that are expressed in cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) but are not detected in other neurons of the CNS. (northwestern.edu)
  • The PC espins efficiently bound and bundled actin filaments in vitro, and these activities were not inhibited by Ca 2+ . (northwestern.edu)
  • Estrogen Effects on Actin Cytoskeletal and Endocytic Proteins Associated With Tubulobulbar Complex Disruption in Rat Testes. (creativebiomart.net)
  • This confirms the proposed role of xin repeat containing proteins as F-actin-binding adapter proteins. (embl.de)
  • Genetic disruption of the PRMT5-substrate adaptor interface impairs growth of MTAP-null tumor cells and is thus a site for development of therapeutic inhibitors of PRMT5. (rcsb.org)
  • The present study aimed to investigate the effects of changes in heat shock protein (HSP)90β expression and verify whether HSP90β regulates EAAT2 expression in a cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion injury model. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • HACKing allows the expression level of each enzyme to be precalibrated by linking their translation to those of host proteins with predetermined abundances under the desired fermentation conditions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Author Manuscript and RNA repair protein AlkB-derived enzyme mixture was first used to remove methylations at the Watson-Crick face. (cdc.gov)
  • Known as "destabilising motifs", these sequences attract the attention of a group of proteins called Ccr4-Not. (elifesciences.org)
  • Mutations of these genes are responsible for systemic tooth agenesis, in addition to the defects of other ectodermal structures, and this review is limited to description of the function of their protein products. (springer.com)
  • RNA viruses may escape acquired humoral and cellular immune responses by mutations in protective antigenic epitopes (e.g., avian influenza viruses), while accessory nonstructural proteins or multifunctional structural proteins interfere with the interferon system (e.g. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Allosteric Communication in the Multifunctional and Redox NQO1 Protein Studied by Cavity-Making Mutations. (cuni.cz)
  • Furthermore, GSOs protected cells against GLU-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 family effector proteins and protected cells from GLU-induced oxidative damage by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (sdbonline.org)
  • The ALK protein interacts with the ShcC protein at two binding sites. (worldcommunitygrid.org)
  • Structural information illustrated that PRTH-101 interacts with the discoidin (DS)-like domain, but not the collagen-binding DS domain of DDR1. (bvsalud.org)
  • Recently, one important pathway for ROS regulation has been discovered, mediated by the signaling protein p66Shc. (nature.com)
  • Also, other proteins which involved in the same pathway with AP2A2 were listed below. (creativebiomart.net)
  • Here, we aimed to spatially characterise the human Parkinsonian nigro-striatal N- glycome, and related transcriptome/proteome, and its correlation with endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response (UPR), providing a comprehensive characterisation of the PD molecular signature. (biorxiv.org)
  • At steady state, STING is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein that exists as a preformed dimer. (monash.edu)
  • Its primary goal was to identify small chemical compounds which target the particular sites of the proteins important in regulating the tumor cell growth and aggressiveness. (worldcommunitygrid.org)
  • We are particularly interested in characterizing the function of the molecular scaffold/adapter proteins Paxillin and it's close relative Hic-5 during tumor cell migration and invasion. (upstate.edu)