Bind iron regulatory protein 1. Medical search. Frequent questions

Early work involved cloning and characterization of iron regulatory proteins 1 and 2 (IRPs), and elucidation of how these proteins sense cytosolic iron levels and regulate expression of iron metabolism genes. (nih.gov)
IRPs bind to RNA stem-loops known as iron-responsive elements (IREs) in transcripts that encode iron metabolism genes, including ferritin, transferrin receptor 1, ferroportin, HIF2 alpha, and several other transcripts. (nih.gov)
Iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) 1 and 2 post-transcriptionally control mammalian iron homeostasis by binding to iron-responsive elements (IREs), conserved RNA stem-loop structures located in the 5'- or 3'- untranslated regions of genes involved in iron metabolism (e.g. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) are cytoplasmic mRNA binding proteins involved in intracellular regulation of iron homeostasis. (psu.edu)
IRPs regulate expression of ferritin and transferrin receptor at the mRNA level by interacting with a conserved RNA structure termed the iron-responsive element (IRE). (psu.edu)
IRPs bind to IREs when iron levels are depleted, resulting in either 1) inhibition of translation of ferritin mRNA and other transcripts that contain an IRE in the 5′-untranslated regions (UTR) or 2) stabilization of the transferrin receptor mRNA and possibly other transcripts that contain IREs in the 3′ UTR. (nih.gov)
Transferrin receptor tein and by a strong activation of iron responsive element (IRE) binding activity of the iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) which are the typical indices of cellular iron de¢ciency. (healthdrugpdf.com)

The iron-responsive element-binding proteins, also known as IRE-BP, IRBP, IRP and IFR , bind to iron-responsive elements (IREs) in the regulation of human iron metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
Sequences of mRNA called iron-responsive elements (IREs) are contained within the mRNA sequences that code for transferrin receptors and for ferritin. (wikipedia.org)
On its own, the IRE-BP binds to the IREs of ferritin and transferrin receptor mRNA. (wikipedia.org)
IRE-BPs without iron bind to the IREs on transferrin receptor mRNA. (wikipedia.org)
But those IREs have a different effect: When the IRE-BP binds to these sites, the binding not only allows for translation but also stabilizes the mRNA molecule so it can stay intact for longer. (wikipedia.org)
IRP binding stabilizes the mRNA that encodes the transferrin receptor and represses the translation of transcripts that contain IREs near the 5′ end of ferritin H and L chains. (nih.gov)
IRP1 acquires an iron-sulfur cluster in iron-replete cells that prevents it from binding to IREs, and enables it to function as a cytosolic aconite. (nih.gov)
free" iron increases oxidative stress and regulates the expression of many mRNAs by affecting the conformation of iron regulatory protein (IRP)-1 and its binding to iron regulatory elements (IREs) in the 5'- or 3' -UTRs of the mRNAs. (ihcworld.com)
IRP2 also binds to IREs in iron-depleted cells, but, unlike IRP1, is degraded in iron-replete cells. (nih.gov)
Binds to iron-responsive elements (IRES) in target mRNA species when iron levels are low. (jlresearch.com.au)

ACO1, or IRP1, is a bifunctional protein that functions as an iron-responsive element (IRE)-binding protein involved in the control of iron metabolism by binding mRNA to repress translation or degradation. (wikipedia.org)
We aim to understand how mammals regulate intracellular and systemic iron metabolism. (nih.gov)
Iron-regulatory proteins 1 and 2 (IRP1 and IRP2) regulate the expression of numerous proteins of iron metabolism. (nih.gov)
Discovery of iron sulfur proteins in many crucial pathways, from respiration to DNA and RNA metabolism and numerous metabolic pathways, may substantially add to our understanding of cellular homeostasis and function. (nih.gov)
She came to NIH as a human genetics fellow in the NICHD, and was subsequently promoted to head of the Section on Human Iron Metabolism, and then to head of the Metals Biology and Molecular Medicine Branch. (nih.gov)
She was elected to the American Association of Physicians, received a distinguished alumnus award from Duke Medical Center, and has twice received the NIH Director's Award for outstanding accomplishments in iron metabolism. (nih.gov)
Dr. Rouault's laboratory has a long-standing interest in regulation of mammalian iron metabolism. (nih.gov)
To approach questions about the physiology of iron metabolism, we generated loss-of-function mutations of IRP1 and IRP2 in mice through homologous recombination in embryonic cell lines. (nih.gov)
In the absence of provocative stimuli, we observed no abnormalities in iron metabolism associated with loss of IRP1 function. (nih.gov)
In this review, we will discuss iron-mediated α S aggregation, alterations in iron metabolism, and the role of the iron-dopamine couple. (hindawi.com)
Inflammation also alters iron metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
Acyl-CoA-binding domain containing 3 modulates NAD + metabolism through activating poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Biochemical Journal . (neurotree.org)
The pH-dependent association with TfR appears a major in non-transferrin iron incorporation from 55Fe-NTA, evident and important linkage of HFE with cellular iron metabolism, after prolonged, 18 h, incubations. (healthdrugpdf.com)
This perspective focuses on two areas that have yielded new useful information during the last 20 years: (i) structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of contact allergy based on the concept of hapten-protein binding and (ii) mechanistic investigations regarding activation of nonsensitizing compounds to contact allergens by air oxidation or skin metabolism. (cdc.gov)

In human cells, the best-characterized iron-sensing mechanism is the result of post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA (the chemical instructions derived from DNA genes to make proteins). (wikipedia.org)
The tumor suppressor TP53 (also called p53) has been among the most extensively studied genes since its discovery in 1979 [ 1 , 2 ]. (nature.com)
A substantial portion of the regulatory interactions in the higher eukaryotic cell are mediated by simple sequence motifs in the regulatory segments of genes and (pre-)mRNAs, and in the intrinsically disordered regions of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
185 genes in signature reported in the publication with PubMedID mRNA_KAT5_22196727 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset. (maayanlab.cloud)

The regulation and maintenance of iron homeostasis is critical to human health. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Further, there are signaling pathways that participate in regulation, such as Wnt channel, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) channel, bone morphogenetic protein (BMPs) channel, peroxisome proliferator activated-receptors (PPARs) channel, and Notch channel. (frontiersin.org)
This concordant regulation of transferrin receptors and ferritin is designed so a cell can obtain iron when it is needed, and sequester iron when it is in excess. (psu.edu)
As a result, the regulation of iron levels in the body is impaired, resulting in iron overload and damage to tissues and organs in the body that is characteristic of hereditary hemochromatosis. (medlineplus.gov)
Genome-wide association study of iron traits and relation to diabetes in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL): potential genomic intersection of iron and glucose regulation? (escholarship.org)
Predicted to act upstream of or within negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling. (nih.gov)
My work spans two important areas of biochemistry: enzyme catalysis and regulation of gene expression by DNA-binding proteins. (uwm.edu)
What is the downstream regulation mechanism of iron in ferroptosis? (nature.com)
Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 is involved in melanogenesis via regulation of MITF expression in melanocytes. (neurotree.org)
The findings indicate that but its physiological role in the regulation of body iron ab- HFE binding to transferrin receptor reduces cellular iron sorption and tissue distribution is unclear. (healthdrugpdf.com)
Finally, we contrast the regulatory properties of protein motifs and the regulatory elements of DNA and (pre-)mRNAs, advocating that co-regulation, co-operativity, and motif-driven regulatory programs are common mechanisms that emerge from the use of simple, evolutionarily plastic regulatory modules. (biomedcentral.com)
Cysteines are one of the most rarely used amino acids, but when conserved in proteins they often play critical roles in structure, function, or regulation. (hindawi.com)
Reversible cysteine modifications allow for potential redox regulation of proteins. (hindawi.com)
ments for regulation of tobac o tracked so as to maximize health 20 1). (who.int)
As the regulatory landscape The ultimate test of the impact of chine measured yields, but not evolves around the world, it is a regulation intended to protect neces arily on the amounts smo- es ential to evaluate the ef ec- public health is to demonstrate a kers actualy take in (Kozlowski et tivenes of new regulations and reduction in morbidity or mortality al. (who.int)

Zinc helps to enhance the interferon type 1 response to the virus and participates in many regulatory pathways. (frontiersin.org)
Zinc (Zn) is the second most abundant trace metal in the human body after iron. (frontiersin.org)
However, unlike iron, there is no specialized zinc store ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
There are very low levels of free zinc in plasma, since it is mostly bound to proteins such as albumin, alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M), and transferrin. (frontiersin.org)
Plasma zinc levels are therefore only around 1 μg/ml, equal to 0.1% of total body zinc, but are still the most important reservoir for zinc homeostasis, which requires "free" or "labile" zinc mobilization ( 6 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
In cytoplasm, zinc mostly binds zinc-chelating proteins called metallothioneins (MTs). (frontiersin.org)
Internal zinc homeostasis is regulated by the cooperative activities of two metal transporter protein families. (frontiersin.org)
For instance, most labile zinc in the body is absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells via SLC39a4 protein, and excessive zinc is excreted through the kidneys, and the intestine via SLC39a5 ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
Copper, iron, manganese, and zinc are essential transition metal ions for neurotransmission, enzymatic reactions, and mitochondrial functions regulated by the central nervous system (CNS) [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
1990. A review on biochemical roles, toxicity and interactions of zinc, copper and iron: IV. (cdc.gov)
The toxic effects of lead result from its interference with the physiologic actions of calcium, zinc, and iron, through the inhibition of certain enzymes, and through binding to ion channels and regulatory proteins. (cdc.gov)
A dinuclear metal center composed of one iron and one zinc molecule each lies next to a β sandwich on the active site ( Figure 2 ). (pancreapedia.org)
Here, we also provide characterization of a nonheme metal coordination site occupied by zinc in an H-NOX protein. (rcsb.org)
For example, in developing improved food crops, researchers must be able to measure the nutritional metal (iron and zinc) contents of the crops but also concentrations of toxic metals such as cadmium to ensure that increased metal levels are confined only to those of nutritional value. (ukri.org)
The absorption of zinc may be reduced by oral iron, also the absorption of oral iron may be reduced by zinc. (who.int)

Cells have advanced mechanisms for sensing their own need for iron. (wikipedia.org)
The discovery of the iron-sulfur cluster in IRP1 led to extensive studies of mechanisms of iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, which resulted in characterization of a mammalian cysteine desulfurase, NFS1, a primary scaffold known as ISCU, a secondary scaffold known as NFU1, an NFS1 binding partner, ISD11, and a cochaperone known as HSC20. (nih.gov)
For example, elevated iron storage is associated with increased diabetes risk, although mechanisms are still being investigated. (escholarship.org)
Dr. Silvaggi Lab is working on many proteins (like ADC family, RitR) and exploring the mechanisms based on their structure and enzyme kinetics. (uwm.edu)
We are using biophysical tools to determine the regulatory mechanisms of proteins with redox-sensitive ALR domains. (uwm.edu)
She currently studies the underlying mechanisms of viral pathogenesis, viral protein-host protein interactions, and the potential use of humanized scFvs and nanobodies for treatment. (nih.gov)
Klapholz-Brown Z, Walmsley GG, Nusse YM, Nusse R, Brown PO "Transcriptional program induced by wnt protein in human fibroblasts suggests mechanisms for cell cooperativity in defining tissue microenvironments. (openwetware.org)
These cells possess specific regulatory mechanisms, called hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which, under hypoxic conditions, stimulate the production of erythropoietin, which stimulates the production of erythrocytes. (medscape.com)
Mechanisms of plasma non-transferrin bound iron generation: insights from comparing transfused diamond blackfan anaemia with sickle cell and thalassaemia patients. (medscape.com)

Maturation and activity of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 is inhibited by acyl-CoA binding domain containing 3. (neurotree.org)

AMP-activated protein kinase is physiologically regulated by inositol polyphosphate multikinase. (neurotree.org)
Allosterically regulated proteins that require an activator are sometimes based on a thiol exchange interaction involving cysteines, for example, pyruvate kinase uses fructose bisphosphate (FBPs) as a heterotrophic activator and it contains a cysteine in its FBP binding site [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Our data thus suggest that Bruton's tyrosine kinase participates in signaling for iNOS induction via IFN regulatory factor-1 in macrophages and that NO is an inhibitor of IL-12 induction. (lookformedical.com)

Gene expression studies greatly contribute to our understanding of complex relationships in gene regulatory networks. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
analyses of gene expression and iron status at various stages of disease are ongoing. (nih.gov)
In addition to be helpful in order to distinguish between duplicate genome regions and in determining correct gene structures, FLIcs are an important resource for functional genomic studies and for investigation of regulatory elements controlling gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
The SLC40A1 gene provides instructions for making a protein called ferroportin. (medlineplus.gov)
Almost all SLC40A1 gene mutations change a single protein building block (amino acid) in ferroportin. (medlineplus.gov)
Some studies have indicated that a particular variation in the SLC40A1 gene slightly increases the risk of increased iron stores in people of African descent, which may lead to African iron overload. (medlineplus.gov)
The SLC40A1 gene variation associated with increased iron stores replaces the amino acid glutamine with the amino acid histidine at position 248 in the ferroportin protein sequence and is written as Gln248His or Q248H. (medlineplus.gov)
Autosomal dominant reticuloendothelial iron overload associated with a 3-base pair deletion in the ferroportin 1 gene (SLC11A3). (medlineplus.gov)
The hemochromatosis gene encodes the HFE protein (formerly HLA-H) resembling major histocompatibil- 2.1. (healthdrugpdf.com)
Mice deleted for the HFE or the subcloned into vector pET12b for expression in Escherichia coli, fused L2m gene show a fast accumulation of iron in the parenchyma to a polyhistidine tag. (healthdrugpdf.com)
We observe that each gene and its products have a unique set of DNA, RNA or protein motifs that encode a regulatory program to define the logical circuitry that guides the life cycle of these biomolecules, from transcription to degradation. (biomedcentral.com)
The life of a gene product, from transcription to degradation, is controlled by a series of regulatory decisions. (biomedcentral.com)
To determine the possible role of sTfR1 as a signaling mechanism for iron absorption, a hydrodynamic gene transfer technique was established to express transfected plasmid constructs of human sTfR1 (hsTfR1) and murine sTfR1 (msTfR1) from the livers of C57BL/6 mice. (karger.com)
Pigeon C, Ilyin G, Courselaud B, Leroyer P, Turlin B, Brissot P, Loreal O: A new mouse liver-specific gene, encoding a protein homologous to human antimicrobial peptide hepcidin, is overexpressed during iron overload. (karger.com)

Our method allows for the identification of the proteins, identification of redox-sensitive cysteines within proteins, and quantification of the redox status of individual cysteine-containing peptides. (hindawi.com)

It binds 1 iron ion and 1manganese ion per subunit. (exposed-skin-care.net)
CnA also has 3 regulatory domains: a binding domain for its partner subunit CnB, a CaM-binding domain, and an autoinhibitory domain. (pancreapedia.org)
CnB, the regulatory subunit, contains 4 Ca 2+ -binding EF hand motifs that regulate (through a conformational change) the catalytic function of Cn. (pancreapedia.org)
protein_coding" "AAC73960","hcp","Escherichia coli","hybrid-cluster [4Fe-2S-2O] subunit of anaerobic terminal reductases [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)

Mouse monoclonal antibody to Protein Phosphatase 4. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Protein phosphatase 4C may be involved in microtubule organization. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Calcineurin (CN) is a Ca 2+ /calmodulin dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase first identified in brain and also known as protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B). (pancreapedia.org)
PP2A and PP1, but not Cn, are inhibited by the exogenously administered phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid, microcystin, and calyculin, as well as the endogenous inhibitors inhibitor-1 and DARPP-32 (dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa). (pancreapedia.org)

In examining iron variant associations with glucose homeostasis, an iron-raising variant of TMPRSS6 was associated with lower HbA1c levels (P = 8.66 × 10-10). (escholarship.org)
We aimed to study iron homeostasis and inflammation evolution in patients with mild anemia in relation to cART. (infectionlab.it)

In mouse models, loss of IRP2 results in mild anemia, erythropoietic protoporphyria, and adult-onset neurodegeneration-all likely the result of functional iron deficiency. (nih.gov)
Defective iron sulfur biogenesis causes several diseases, including Friedreich ataxia, and four new diseases that our group helped to discover and characterize, including ISCU myopathy, sideroblastic anemia from GLRX5 deficiency, and lactic acidosis caused by mutations in NFU1 and BOLA3. (nih.gov)
The Rouault lab discovered that animals that lacked IRP2 developed adult-onset neurodegeneration with prominent motor neuron disease, and studies demonstrated that functional iron deficiency adversely affected mitochondrial function in neurons. (nih.gov)
As a constituent of hemoglobin, iron is essential for oxygen transport and significant iron deficiency leads to anemia. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Genetic variants contribute to normal variation of iron-related traits and may also cause clinical syndromes of iron deficiency or excess. (escholarship.org)
Iron overload and deficiency can adversely affect human health. (escholarship.org)
Other causes, such as genetic syndromes (alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency) and exposures to pollutants such as dust, irritants, and fumes can also contribute to the disease. (adam.com)
Approximately 30% of the world's population is anemic, of which 50% is iron deficiency anemia (IDA). (ispub.com)
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is an important public health concern that affects every population. (ispub.com)
As one of the primary etiologies of anemia, iron deficiency (ID) and consequent anemia (IDA) may have unique prognostic implications as well. (ispub.com)
These indices of in the endoplasmic reticulum/cis-Golgi compartment soon cellular iron deficiency were reversed by iron supplementation after synthesis, it stabilizes HFE protein from degradation complexes. (healthdrugpdf.com)
Although iron is abundant in the earth's crust, it is highly insoluble and this severely limits its availability to living organisms, including humans, and, as a result, iron deficiency is the most widespread global nutritional deficiency. (ukri.org)
Soluble transferrin receptor-1 (sTfR1) concentrations are increased in the plasma under two conditions that are associated with increased iron absorption, i.e. iron deficiency and increased erythropoiesis. (karger.com)
Iron deficiency anaemia is the most common type and is easily treatable with dietary changes and iron supplements. (who.int)
The prevalence of anaemia, defined by low haemoglobin or haematocrit, is commonly used to assess the severity of iron deficiency in a population. (who.int)
Iron deficiency anaemia is an important public health problem in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. (who.int)
Pregnant women and young children are most at risk: about 50% of pregnant women and 63% of children under-5 have iron deficiency anaemia. (who.int)

To cause sensitization, a chemical must bind to macromolecules (proteins) in the skin. (cdc.gov)

NO-induced scission of the iron-histidine bond triggers structural rearrangements in the heme pocket that permit the heme to relax toward planarity, yielding the signaling-competent NO-bound conformation. (rcsb.org)
In proteins where cysteine is not within the active site, activity can be modulated by changing conformation or by influencing its regulatory role, for example, iron sulfur complexes (ISCs) in aconitase possess cysteines required for its activity [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Both lobes adopt an open conformation upon loss of iron. (lookformedical.com)
In the structure, both empty iron binding clefts are in the open conformation, lending weight to the theory that Fe(3+) binding or release in transferrin proceeds via a mechanism that involves domain opening and closure. (lookformedical.com)

Once inside, the cell transfers the iron to ferritin, the internal iron storage molecule. (wikipedia.org)
molecule 1 (CEACAM1) (9,C12), and Testosterone levels cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing proteins 3 (Tim-3) (4, 12,C14) lead to Testosterone levels cell tiredness, reducing harmful potentially, constant Testosterone levels cell account activation. (exposed-skin-care.net)
The May 2007 RCSB PDB Molecule of the Month feature on Aconitase and Iron Regulatory Protein 1 by David S. Goodsell is 10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2007_5 . (proteopedia.org)
A H2O molecule is also bound, making Fe six-coordinate. (proteopedia.org)
MAM superantigen activates T cells by forming a complex between the major histocompatability complex (MHC) II molecule on antigen presenting cells and the Vβ chain segments of the T cell receptor (TCR) on CD4+T cells [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, our docking simulations showed that the truncated PE species bound at least as good to several of the lantibiotic-identified proteins, as compared to the non-truncated parent molecule, stearoyl-arachidonoyl PE (SAPE), indicating that these oxidatively-truncated species favor/promote the formation of PEox-protein adducts. (cdc.gov)

HO-1 or HSP32, a major heat shock/stress response protein is ubiquitous and its mRNA as well as its activity can be increased several-fold by heme, other metalloporphyrins, transition metals and stimuli that induce cellular stress. (ihcworld.com)
Hepcidin, an iron regulatory protein, is produced by hepatocytes and macrophages in response to proinflammatory stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)

Oxidative pathways and biochemical alterations resulting from aberrant iron-induced chemistry are the principal focus of this review in order to highlight the plethora of research that has uncovered this emerging dichotomy of iron playing both functional and disruptive roles in PD pathology. (hindawi.com)
In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has highlighted the accumulation of iron in the SNpc region of the PD brain, which disrupts iron circulation pathways to create an imbalance of the metal [ 11 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
In this review, we highlight that many of the key regulatory pathways of the cell are recruited by motifs and that the ease of motif acquisition has resulted in large networks of co-regulated biomolecules. (biomedcentral.com)

Aconitases are iron-sulfur proteins that require a 4Fe-4S cluster for their enzymatic activity, in which they catalyze conversion of citrate to isocitrate. (wikipedia.org)
We study mammalian iron sulfur cluster biogenesis, which involves a complex interplay of biogenesis factors and factors that specify recipient proteins. (nih.gov)
The IRE-binding activity of IRP1 depends on the presence of an iron-sulfur cluster (see "Mammalian iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis" below). (nih.gov)
Binds a 4Fe-4S cluster and functions as aconitase when cellular iron levels are high. (jlresearch.com.au)
Binding of a 4Fe-4S cluster precludes RNA binding. (jlresearch.com.au)
Both compounds bind to the unique Fe atom of the [4Fe-4S] cluster via a hydroxyl oxygen and one carboxyl oxygen. (proteopedia.org)
Oxidoreductase FAD-binding domain, Oxidoreductase NAD-binding domain, 2Fe-2S iron-sulfur cluster binding domain [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
policy makers and commercial stakeholders, who are likely to be interested in the anticipated advances in understanding how microorganisms, including pathogens, sense nitric oxide and other oxidative/nitrosative stresses via iron-sulfur cluster regulatory proteins. (ukri.org)

protein_coding" "AAC74319","hns","Escherichia coli","global DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator H-NS [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
At transcriptional level PCSK9 synthesis is regulated by the Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-1α (HNF1α), and by the Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein-2. (infectionlab.it)

Functions as mRNA binding protein that regulates uptake, sequestration and utilization of iron when cellular iron levels are low. (jlresearch.com.au)
IRP1/IRE-RNA complex has a much shorter life-time than the eIF4F/IRE-RNA complex, which suggests that both rate of assembly and stability of the complexes are important, and that allows this regulatory system to respond rapidly to change in cellular iron. (cuny.edu)
The overexpressed HFE immunoprecipitated to- [16], and reduces cellular iron uptake [17,18]. (healthdrugpdf.com)
availability and regulates the balance between transferrin- We describe the production of a HeLa cell clone expressing mediated and non-transferrin-mediated cellular iron incorpora- HFE under the control of a tetracycline-inducible promoter. (healthdrugpdf.com)

7acn is a 1 chain structure with sequence from Pig . (proteopedia.org)
DNA sequencing con¢rmed that the plasmids encoded the correct protein sequence reported in [2]. (healthdrugpdf.com)

This protein has a couple of conformational changes associated with it to explain the alternative functions as either mRNA regulator or as an enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
The second part is focused on a new family of two-component response regulator proteins that lack the catalytic aspartate residue that mimics the phosphorylation mechanism of typical 2-component response regulators. (uwm.edu)

Striatum specific protein, Rhes regulates AKT pathway. (neurotree.org)

IRP1 is an iron-sulfur protein that functions as an aconitase in iron-replete cells. (nih.gov)
The crystal structures of mitochondrial aconitase with isocitrate and nitroisocitrate bound have been solved and refined to R factors of 0.179 and 0.161, respectively, for all observed data in the range 8.0-2.1 A. Porcine heart enzyme was used for determining the structure with isocitrate bound. (proteopedia.org)

Moreover, iron interactions with N-terminally acetylated α S, the physiologically relevant form of the human protein, will be addressed to shed light on the current understanding of protein dynamics and the physiological environment in the disease state. (hindawi.com)
Dr. Eren's research focuses on understanding the structural and mechanistic aspects of Rev-host protein interactions and finding target regions to inhibit Rev activity using antibodies, synthetic peptides, and aptamers. (nih.gov)
Interactions with other proteins or molecules are another feature of cysteines that can affect protein activity. (hindawi.com)

Existing studies have confirmed that ferroptosis involves the metabolisms of the Fe, lipids, amino acid, each mechanism is mutually independent but interrelated, and they are formed a complex regulatory network. (frontiersin.org)
Based on previous studies, this review will summarize the regulatory network mechanism of ferroptosis on bone remodeling and reveal the role of ferroptosis in osteoporosis (OP). (frontiersin.org)
We propose that elevated RNase activity is one mechanism by which the iron regulatory system becomes dysfunctional. (psu.edu)
Structural characterization of the Myxococcus xanthus encapsulin and ferritin-like cargo system gives insight into its iron storage mechanism. (nih.gov)
Conformational changes in tubulin upon binding cryptophycin-52 reveal its mechanism of action. (nih.gov)
Transferrins, the mechanism of iron release by ovotransferrin. (lookformedical.com)

RANK binds to transmembrane protein nuclear factor-κB receptor activating factor ligand (RANKL) to activate RANK/RANKL, TRAF6/RANKL/MAPKs, TRAF6/ RANKL/NF-κB, Wnt/RANKL/RANKL, and JAK2/STAT3/RANKL. (frontiersin.org)
Ten of sixteen variants previously associated with iron traits generalized to HCHS/SOL, including variants at the transferrin (TF), hemochromatosis (HFE), fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2)/myelin regulatory factor (MYRF), transmembrane protease, serine 6 (TMPRSS6), transferrin receptor (TFR2), N-acetyltransferase 2 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) (NAT2), ABO blood group (ABO), and GRB2 associated binding protein 3 (GAB3) loci. (escholarship.org)

Through our discovery of a motif common in iron sulfur proteins, we are pursuing the hypothesis that hundreds of mammalian proteins are iron sulfur proteins that are presently unrecognized as such because iron sulfur cofactors are readily degraded during purification and laboratory studies. (nih.gov)

Zinc's functions can be classified as catalytic, structural, and regulatory ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
CnA ( Figure 1 ) contains the catalytic domain, which is homologous to other serine/threonine protein phosphatases (4). (pancreapedia.org)
Binding of CaM along with Ca 2+ binding to CnB induces displacement of the inhibitory domain, thus exposing the catalytic domain. (pancreapedia.org)

Hereditary hemochromatosis is a disorder that causes the body to absorb too much iron from the diet. (medlineplus.gov)
The cells have a reduced capacity to incorporate 55Fe-transferrin, while they have an increased capacity to accumulate non- Hereditary hemochromatosis (HHC) is a common autoso- mal recessive disorder characterized by an upregulated iron absorption [1]. (healthdrugpdf.com)

RitR from Streptococcus pneumonia R6, plays roles in regulating iron uptake, oxidative stress response, and pathogenicity in a mouse lung model. (uwm.edu)
Upon Fe3+ uptake, transferrins undergo a large scale conformational transition: the apo structure with an opening of the interdomain cleft is transformed into the closed holo structure, implying initial Fe3+ binding in the open form. (lookformedical.com)

Relative to IRP1, IRP2 has a 73-amino acid insertion, and this insertion mediates the IRP2 degradation in iron-replete cells. (wikipedia.org)
Cysteine is the most important redox-responsive amino acid within proteins largely due to the wide range of oxidation states that sulfur can occupy-so called, "sulfur switches" [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that aids in microtubule assembly and stabilization. (biomedcentral.com)

Since iron is tightly bound to transferrin, cells throughout the body have receptors for transferrin-iron complexes on their surfaces. (wikipedia.org)
And more transferrin receptors make it easier for the cell to bring in more iron from transferrin-iron complexes circulating outside the cell. (wikipedia.org)
After translation, where is a protein localised, and what complexes should it join? (biomedcentral.com)

Bovine heart enzyme was used for determining the structure with the reaction intermediate analogue nitroisocitrate bound. (proteopedia.org)
The inhibitor binds to the enzyme in a manner virtually identical to that of isocitrate. (proteopedia.org)
CnB binding to CnA may also facilitate proper folding of the active enzyme (21). (pancreapedia.org)

Ferroptosis was induced the programmed cell death with iron overload Fenton reaction. (frontiersin.org)
Among these unconventional activities, an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death, termed ferroptosis, attracts great interest. (nature.com)
the occurrence of ferroptosis is iron-dependent. (nature.com)
Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death, which occurs with iron dependence. (nature.com)
Ferroptosis plays an important regulatory role in the occurrence and development of many diseases, such as tumors, neurological diseases, acute kidney injury, ischemia/reperfusion, etc. (nature.com)
Is iron necessary to promote the production of lipid peroxides, or can other substances take the place of iron in ferroptosis? (nature.com)
In 2012, Dixon 1 first proposed the concept of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent, non-apoptotic mode of cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). (nature.com)
Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis plays an important regulatory role in the occurrence and development of many diseases and has become the focus and hotspot of research on the treatment and prognosis improvement of related diseases (Fig. 1 ). (nature.com)
Ferroptosis is an iron dependent form of cell death, that is triggered by the discoordination of iron, lipids, and thiols. (cdc.gov)
Our results indicate that several dozens of proteins for each cell type, are PE-lipoxidated in HT-22, MLE, and H9c2 cells and M2 macrophages after they were induced to undergo ferroptosis. (cdc.gov)
The identification of PEox-protein adducts during ferroptosis suggests that they are participants in the ferroptotic process preventable by 2-mercaptoethanol and may contribute to a point of no return in the ferroptotic death process. (cdc.gov)

Iron is part of hemoproteins, iron-sulfur (Fe-S) proteins, and other proteins with functional groups that require iron as a cofactor. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Structural as well as oxidative modifications can result from coordination of α S with redox active iron, which could have functional and/or pathological implications. (hindawi.com)
Indeed, it has been demonstrated that cysteines are characterized by the most extreme conservation pattern, being highly conserved in functional positions of proteins but poorly conserved otherwise [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)

An increase in iron without proper sequestration can increase the vulnerability of cells to oxidative stress. (psu.edu)

Abnormal ferroportin proteins cannot transport and release iron from intestinal or reticuloendothelial cells. (medlineplus.gov)
As the disease progresses, the gradual spread of tau pathology throughout brain regions has been suggested to be caused by the transfer of abnormal types of tau protein from one neuron to another [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Hemochromatosis is the abnormal accumulation of iron in parenchymal organs, leading to organ toxicity. (medscape.com)

But, when iron binds to the IRE-BP, the IRE-BP changes shape with the result that the IRE-BPs can no longer bind the ferritin mRNA. (wikipedia.org)

Iron-responsive element-binding protein (IRE-BP) binds to these mRNA sequences. (wikipedia.org)
Alterations in the interaction between iron regulatory proteins and their iron responsive element in normal and Alzheimer's diseased brains. (psu.edu)
Dive into the research topics of 'Alterations in the interaction between iron regulatory proteins and their iron responsive element in normal and Alzheimer's diseased brains. (psu.edu)
Rapid kinetics of iron responsive element (IRE) RNA/iron regulatory pr" by Mateen A. Khan, Jia Ma et al. (cuny.edu)

A glycoprotein albumin from hen's egg white with strong iron-binding affinity. (lookformedical.com)

But, as iron binds to more and more IRE-BPs, they change shape and unbind the transferrin receptor mRNA. (wikipedia.org)
M-CSF binds to the M-CSF receptor, which is promote the proliferation and differentiation of OC and the continuous expression of RANK. (frontiersin.org)
In previous years, our laboratory identified and characterized the cis and trans elements mediating iron-dependent alterations in the abundance of ferritin and the transferrin receptor. (nih.gov)
Curiously, while LAG-3 losing enhances expansion of the mother or father cell credited to reduction of surface area inhibitory receptor (inbuilt impact), the shed proteins displays no obvious impact on various other cells of the resistant program (extrinsic impact). (exposed-skin-care.net)
In V3^4-fold increase in transferrin receptor, and a V2-fold transfected cells an association between HFE and TfR occurs increase in iron regulatory protein activity. (healthdrugpdf.com)

There is recent data which indicates the ability of peroxynitrite (ONOO-) to modulate the expression of HO-1 and suggests that the heme oxygenase pathway contributes to protection against the cytotoxic action of ONOO- which is a potent oxidizing agent generated by the interaction of nitric oxide (NO) and the superoxide anion. (ihcworld.com)
Heme-nitric oxide/oxygen (H-NOX) binding domains are a recently discovered family of heme-based gas sensor proteins that are conserved across eukaryotes and bacteria. (rcsb.org)

The Q248H variation may affect the way ferroportin helps to regulate iron levels in the body, resulting in an increased risk of African iron overload. (medlineplus.gov)
De Domenico I, Ward DM, Musci G, Kaplan J. Iron overload due to mutations in ferroportin. (medlineplus.gov)
1] It is the most common autosomal recessive genetic disorder[2] and the most common cause of severe iron overload. (medscape.com)
CT scanning is neither sensitive nor specific for the detection of mild hepatic iron overload. (medscape.com)
The goal of therapy in patients with iron overload disorders is to remove the iron before it can produce irreversible parenchymal damage. (medscape.com)

CnA and CnB are tightly bound (k d ≤ 10 -13 M) even in the total absence of Ca 2+ . (pancreapedia.org)
HFE accumulation was accompanied by tightly at neutral (pH 7.5) than at acidic pH (pH 6) and the a large (V10-fold) decrease in H- and L-ferritin levels, by a binding reduces TfR a¤nity for Fe-transferrin [14,15]. (healthdrugpdf.com)

In a separate study, meta-analysis of literature data on blood serum iron levels also pinpointed an increase in this metal [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
Iron absorption, serum iron levels and hepcidin expression were then measured. (karger.com)
Although expression of high levels of sTfR1 significantly increased serum iron levels, repeated experiments showed that neither hsTfR1 nor msTfR1 had any effect on iron absorption or hepcidin mRNA expression levels. (karger.com)
Most patients are asymptomatic and are diagnosed when elevated serum iron levels are noted on a routine chemistry screening panel or when screening is performed because a relative is diagnosed with hemochromatosis. (medscape.com)

Most reversible inhibitors bind in the active site of enzymes. (egfrsignals.com)

IRP2 is homologous to IRP1 but undergoes iron-dependent degradation in iron-replete cells. (nih.gov)

In summary, oxidation of lipids and proteins caused by cooking treatments was the main source of flavor in cooked Tibetan pork. (bvsalud.org)

In other words, when there is high iron in the cell, the iron itself causes the cell to produce more iron storage molecules. (wikipedia.org)
When the cell has obtained more iron than it can bind up with ferritin or heme molecules, more and more iron will bind to the IRE-BPs. (wikipedia.org)
DNA, expression and puri¢cation of HFE protein ity complex class I molecules [2]. (healthdrugpdf.com)

These so-called aspartate-less receiver domain (ALR) proteins are not regulated by phosphorylation, but by other factors such as binding of a ligand. (uwm.edu)
Our structure showed that N53 takes the place of the phosphorylatable aspartate residue of typical response regulators, and the Mg 2+ -binding site required for phosphorylation is disrupted in RitR. (uwm.edu)

PCSK9 is a soluble member of the mammalian proprotein convertase family of serine proteases (1), which is synthesized and secreted mainly by the liver (1). (infectionlab.it)

Induction of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) protein, the transcription factor IFN regulatory factor-1 involved in iNOS expression, and the transcription factor STAT-1 involved in regulating IFN regulatory factor-1 induction are all poorer in X-linked immunodeficient than in wild-type macrophages. (lookformedical.com)

In this study, we evaluated serum hepcidin, transferrin saturation, ferritin, IL-6, IL-1, and hemoglobin levels in M. arthritidis injected C3H/HeJ (TLR2 +/+ , TLR4 -/- ) mice and C3H/HeSnJ (TLR2 +/+ , TLR4 +/+ ) mice over a 21 day period. (biomedcentral.com)

A key molecular event during NO-dependent activation of H-NOX proteins is rupture of the heme-histidine bond and formation of a five-coordinate nitrosyl complex. (rcsb.org)

This protein was harvested from the species Oryctolagus cuniculus, more commonly known as a rabbit. (wikipedia.org)
Proteins which are found in eggs (OVA) from any species. (lookformedical.com)

Anatomy6

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs32

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes13

Information Science3

IRPs7

IREs10

Metabolism14

Genes4

Regulation15

Zinc15

Mechanisms9

Acyl-CoA bindin1

Kinase3

Gene14

Redox-sensitive1

Subunit4

Phosphatase4

Homeostasis2

Deficiency17

Macromolecules1

Conformation4

Molecule6

Stimuli2

Pathways3

Cluster8

Transcriptional2

Cellular iron4

Sequence2

Regulator2

Regulates1

Aconitase2

Interactions3

Mechanism6

Transmembrane2

Motif1

Catalytic3

Hereditary hemochromatosis2

Uptake2

Amino acid2

Microtubule1

Complexes3

Enzyme3

Ferroptosis11

Functional3

Oxidative stress1

Abnormal3

Ferritin mRNA1

Responsive element4

Albumin1

Receptor5

Nitric2

Overload5

Tightly2

Serum iron4

Inhibitors1

Homologous1

Lipids1

Molecules3

Aspartate2

Serine1

Synthase1

Transferrin saturation1

Molecular1

Species2