Member of the bHLHHighly conservedMotifGenesHelix-loop-Transcription factorsGeneHeterodimerizationDifferentiationRegulateSequencesArabidopsisBindEncodes a proteinForm heterodimersResiduesHomologyEvolutionaryComplexesRegulatesMyoDDifferent proteinsInteractInteractionsPhosphorylationStructuralVertebratesTWIST1NuclearMRNAMesodermTumorNeurogenesisDomainInteractsFunctionalOrganismRegulatorySodium azideTWISTFactorsMolecularLocusSequenceGenomeAminoBiologicalSubcellular
Member of the bHLH1
- also bHLHE76) is a 110 kDa member of the bHLH/PAS transcription factor family. (rndsystems.com)
Highly conserved5
- The 14-3-3 proteins are highly conserved in all eukaryotes. (elifesciences.org)
- Furthermore, two more highly conserved TWIST motifs NSEEE and WR were analyzed individually to find out their interacting proteins and their role in regulating the TWIST1 transcriptional activity. (uni-marburg.de)
- The highly conserved family of Wnt proteins represents important regulators of cell behaviour, tissue development and homeostasis by inducing responses in a concentration-dependent manner. (exeter.ac.uk)
- Their unique hourglass-shaped architecture is highly conserved among different bacterial membrane proteins and other biological channels. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
- The members of this family are designated by a highly conserved domain called the bHLH which are able to bind and form DNA dimers [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Motif9
- Proneural proteins specifically bind DNA sequences that contain a core hexanucleotide motif, CANNTG, known as an E-box. (wikipedia.org)
- The encoded protein recognizes an Ephrussi-box ('E-box') binding site ('CANNTG') - a motif first identified in immunoglobulin enhancers. (nih.gov)
- Canonical Notch signaling activates the transcription of BMI1 proto‑oncogene polycomb ring finger, cyclin D1, CD44, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, hes family bHLH transcription factor 1, hes related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 1, MYC, NOTCH3, RE1 silencing transcription factor and transcription factor 7 in a cellular context‑dependent manner, while non‑canonical Notch signaling activates NF‑κB and Rac family small GTPase 1. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Evolutionary alignment of Twist proteins from different species, indicate TWIST contain 4 additional conserved regions such as NSEEE, NLS1, NLS2, and WR-domain besides the bHLH motif. (uni-marburg.de)
- The second screening of the yeast clones suggested some promising candidates protein as interacting partners with the NSEEE motif such as ETV5, SURF4, Spastin, Metalloproteinase 2, and ALR-like protein mRNA. (uni-marburg.de)
- We demonstrate that two bHLH proteins - HEB and E2A - bind the SCA motif at regions overlapping SMAD2/3 and FOXH1. (ca.gov)
- We have successfully combined two unrelated naturally occurring binding sites, the immunoglobin Fc-binding site of the Z domain and the DNA-binding motif of MyoD bHLH, into a novel stable protein. (hindawi.com)
- A basic region helix-loop-helix leucine zipper motif (bHLH-Zip) protein, designated Max, specifically associates with c-Myc, N-Myc and L-Myc proteins. (ihcworld.com)
- It contains a 10 aa prosegment, plus a 838 aa mature molecule that contains a DNA binding motif (aa 13-40), a bHLH region (aa 41-81), and two PAS domains (aa 111-342). (rndsystems.com)
Genes25
- Proneural genes encode transcription factors of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) class which are responsible for the development of neuroectodermal progenitor cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Proneural genes encode a group of bHLH proteins that play crucial roles in controlling cell fate in a variety of tissue types. (wikipedia.org)
- They are grouped in distinct families on the basis of closer sequence similarities in the bHLH domain: Genes of the ASC and Neurogenin families, and possibly members of the family of ato homologues, have a similar proneural function in vertebrates to that of their Drosophila counterparts, whereas other neural bHLH genes are involved in specifying neuronal fates or in neuronal differentiation, but have no proneural role. (wikipedia.org)
- This implies that each of these proteins is capable of regulating both common target genes for neurogenesis and unique target genes for neuronal subtype characteristics. (wikipedia.org)
- Proneural bHLH transcription factors, not only drive neurogenesis by activating the expression of a cascade of neuronal genes, but they inhibit the expression of glial genes. (wikipedia.org)
- Neural bHLH genes have different functions depending on: the sensitivity to lateral inhibition, which determines if a cell becomes epidermal or neuronal, and whether the gene is expressed in the CNS before or after the terminal mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
- For example, BMPs (Bone Morphogenetic Proteins) promote neurogenesis in progenitors that express high levels of Neurogenin-1 and gliogenesis in progenitors that express low levels of Neurogenin-1.Gliogenesis processes depend on low concentrations or delection of proneural genes and can be accelerated depending on which proneural genes are affected. (wikipedia.org)
- We have learned that genes in mammalian cells are transcribed into messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which are to be translated into polypeptides (proteins). (intechopen.com)
- Extensive evidence has revealed that the core clock machinery involves "clock genes" and "clock proteins" functioning as molecular cogs. (bioone.org)
- Tumor suppressor genes encode proteins that normally provide negative control of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
- All genes in the ANTP-C and BX-C code for homeodomain proteins. (sdbonline.org)
- In Drosophila, the majority of Notch target genes known so far is located in the Enhancer of split complex , encoding small basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins that presumably act as transcriptional repressors. (sdbonline.org)
- The five genes described in this paper are arrayed between mbeta and m7 , both coding for bHLH proteins. (sdbonline.org)
- Two other bHLH genes, m3 and m5 are intermingled with the five. (sdbonline.org)
- None of the other four non-bHLH E(spl)-C genes contains either Brd or GY box. (sdbonline.org)
- malpha and m4 embyonic expression patterns are nearly indistinguishable, and appear very similar to those of E(spl)-C bHLH genes, particularly m5, m7 and m8 . (sdbonline.org)
- The expression patterns suggest that both genes are under the same regulatory control as are the E(spl) bHLH genes and thus, might play a part in Notch mediated cell differentiation. (sdbonline.org)
- Surprisingly, m2 transcripts also accumulate in a pattern reminiscent of the transcript distribution of E(spl) bHLH genes, although there are no structural similarites with either the bHLH or the m4/malpha genes. (sdbonline.org)
- Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) compose a family of transcriptional factors that regulate the expression of various genes required for the synthesis of phospholipids, fatty acids, and cholesterol. (novusbio.com)
- Streamlining Regulon Identification in Bacteria Regulons are a group of genes that can be turned on or off by the same regulatory protein. (doe.gov)
- Dangshansuli') has already been reported, there is still a lack of clarity regarding the bHLH family genes and their evolutionary history. (biomedcentral.com)
- In this work, a genome-wide identification of the bHLH genes in Chinese white pear was performed, and we characterized the functional roles of these PbrbHLH genes in response to abiotic stresses. (biomedcentral.com)
- Based on the phylogenetic analysis and structural characteristics, 197 identified bHLH genes could be well classified into 21 groups. (biomedcentral.com)
- For the first time, a comprehensive analysis identified the bHLH genes in Chinese white pear and demonstrated that PbrbHLH195 is involved in the production of ROS in response to cold stress, suggesting that members of the PbrbHLH family play an essential role in the stress tolerance of pear. (biomedcentral.com)
- Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
Helix-loop-7
- Basic helix-loop-helix proteins are characterized by two alpha helixes separated by a loop. (wikipedia.org)
- Here, TcMYC2a was identified to contain a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-leucine zipper domain, a bHLH-MYC_N domain, and a BIF/ACT-like domain. (frontiersin.org)
- Efficient DNA binding requires dimerization with another basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein. (thermofisher.com)
- MLX belongs to the family of basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLH-Zip) transcription factors. (prosci-inc.com)
- MLX may act to diversify Mad family function by its restricted association with a subset of the Mad family of transcriptional repressors, namely, Mad1 and Mad4.The product of this gene belongs to the family of basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLH-Zip) transcription factors. (prosci-inc.com)
- The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors play important roles in many processes in plant growth, metabolism and responses to abiotic stresses. (biomedcentral.com)
- The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor family is the second largest family in plants. (biomedcentral.com)
Transcription factors3
- TWIST belongs to class B bHLH proteins which are known to form stable heterodimers with members of class A bHLH transcription factors including gene products of E12 and E47, respectively. (uni-marburg.de)
- Using the entire coding sequence of TWIST1 gene, an interesting candidate was found belonging to the class A bHLH transcription factors that includes the SEF2 gene product. (uni-marburg.de)
- Transcription factors (TFs) are protein molecules with special structure and function of regulating gene expression, which plays many crucial roles in plant growth and development [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene9
- Gene ID: 5925, OMIM 614041 ) gene, which encodes a tumor suppressor protein. (molvis.org)
- This gene encodes for a bHLH transcription factor, which inhibits osteogenic differentiation by transc. (uni-marburg.de)
- The present study was thus undertaken to determine how TWIST1 gene mutations affect protein function. (uni-marburg.de)
- RB1 encodes the protein pRB and was the first tumor suppressor gene to be molecularly defined. (medscape.com)
- A) Schematic representation of the FLS gene and the En-1 insertion allele. (uni-bielefeld.de)
- The type II target gene snail contains a series of low-affinity Dl-binding sites, as well as binding sites for the bHLH activator, Twist. (sdbonline.org)
- Mesectoderm differentiation is controlled by the bHLH-PAS gene, sim . (sdbonline.org)
- [ 1 ] His prediction was subsequently supported by the cloning of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene ( RB1 ) and by functional studies of the retinoblastoma protein, Rb. (medscape.com)
- For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)
Heterodimerization1
- The bHLH domain is thought to be responsible for heterodimerization with other bHLH proteins such as E12 protein or SEF2 protein. (uni-marburg.de)
Differentiation3
- Taken together, E proteins are novel Nodal signaling cofactors that associate with SMAD2/3 and FOXH1 and are necessary for mesendoderm differentiation. (ca.gov)
- These factors form heterodimers with Mad proteins and play a role in proliferation, determination and differentiation. (prosci-inc.com)
- c-Myc-, N-Myc- and L-Myc-encoded proteins function in cell proliferation, differentiation and neoplastic disease. (ihcworld.com)
Regulate2
- I wanted to determine if the TWIST protein or its conserved motifs interact with other regulatory proteins to help to regulate the TWIST transcriptional activity. (uni-marburg.de)
- Wnt proteins regulate developmental processes, tissue regeneration and stem cell maintenance. (exeter.ac.uk)
Sequences5
- Although the C-terminal sequences adjacent to the bHLH domain, constitute a protein interaction site essential for TWIST function [4] [5] , we reasoned that a structural model restricted to the bHLH domains should provide additional insights into the TWIST-DNA interface and highlight functional differences between TWIST1 complexes. (proteopedia.org)
- These sequences represent the protein coding region of the ASCL4 cDNA ORF which is encoded by the open reading frame (ORF) sequence. (genscript.com)
- Protein design methods use trial and error or more sophisticated methods like directed evolution or inverse folding to generate novel scaffolds or to find novel protein sequences folding into a defined scaffold, respectively. (hindawi.com)
- Given the intimate relationship between a protein's structure and function, a way to design proteins with targeted properties is to start from a desired structure and find sequences able to fold into it, imposing additional constraints in the process [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
- These stripes are regulated by a 300-bp enhancer (NEE) that contains high-affinity Dl-binding sites, Twist-binding sites, and "generic" E-box sequences that appear to bind ubiquitously distributed bHLH activators (Daughterless and Scute), which are present in the unfertilized egg. (sdbonline.org)
Arabidopsis3
- TcMYC2a was also found to bind with TcJAZ3 in yeast, which was a homolog of Arabidopsis JASMONATE ZIM-domain JAZ proteins, indicating that TcMYC2a had a similar function to AtMYC2 of JA signal transduction. (frontiersin.org)
- Amino acids conserved throughout Arabidopsis thaliana MYB proteins are coloured in dark grey. (uni-bielefeld.de)
- The over-expression of bHLH TF MYC-type ICE1 , ICE2 and CBF enhanced the tolerance of Arabidopsis to low temperature stress [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Bind3
- Proneural proteins bind DNA as heterodimeric complexes that are formed by bHLH proteins or E proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- Direct contacts between bHLH residues and DNA are responsible for the common ability of neural bHLH proteins to bind to the core E-boxsequence. (wikipedia.org)
- BHLH proteins were fused to the GAL4 binding domain (BD) and assayed for their ability to bind TTG1 and the MYB proteins fused to the GAL4 activation domain (AD). (uni-bielefeld.de)
Encodes a protein2
- PTEN encodes a protein kinase of the same name and functions as a tumor suppressor through regulation of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
- This locus, however, also encodes a protein from an alternative reading frame, designated p19ARF. (medscape.com)
Form heterodimers1
- Max can also form heterodimers with at least two additional bHLH-Zip proteins, Mad and Mxi1 and Mad-Max dimers have been shown to repress transcription through interaction with mSin3. (ihcworld.com)
Residues4
- Lateral chains of residues within the T-loop and E-loop of bHLH domains are visualized in orange, while DNA is represented in dark grey. (proteopedia.org)
- By limiting our study to H-bonds with an occupancy exceeding 5% of the total simulation and by excluding H-bonds between residues of different protein partners or involved in α-helix structures, we were led to focus on four TWIST1 residues: Lys145, Ser144, Arg132 and Arg118. (proteopedia.org)
- VH is derived from a single protein domain of 35 residues [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
- The HLH region is located at the C-terminus of the bHLH domain, which consists of two parental α -helixes, mainly composed of hydrophobic residues, connected by a relatively dispersed (length and primary sequence) loop region. (biomedcentral.com)
Homology1
- However, analogous proteins may have structural homology although this is not a prerequisite. (hindawi.com)
Evolutionary1
- In this work, we generated and optimized a new synthetic fusion protein using an evolutionary approach. (hindawi.com)
Complexes3
- Bouard C, Terreux R, Hope J, Chemelle JA, Puisieux A, Ansieau S, Payen L. Interhelical loops within the bHLH domain are determinant in maintaining TWIST1-DNA complexes. (proteopedia.org)
- The HLH domain promotes protein-protein interactions and allows the formation of homo-dimer or hetero-dimer complexes [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)
Regulates2
- bHLH-PAS protein regulates light-dependent diurnal rhythmic processes in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. (szn.it)
- bHLH-PAS protein RITMO1 regulates diel biological rhythms in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum . (bvsalud.org)
MyoD1
- Hey2 mit den bHLH-Proteinen E2-2, E2-5, MyoD und c-hairy1 nachgewiesen werden. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Different proteins2
- Although proneural proteins are responsible for trigger neurogenesis, different proteins are required for different neural and/or glial cell types. (wikipedia.org)
- Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different proteins have been described. (nih.gov)
Interact4
- These studies have revealed that 14-3-3 proteins can interact with the phosphorylated forms of their client proteins in response to certain signals, and that this binding finalizes the signaling event by enabling a change in the subcellular localization, protein stability or intrinsic enzymatic activity of the client, or by promoting an association between the client and other proteins. (elifesciences.org)
- Activation domains influence the way proteins interact with the trancription apparatus of the cell (Dawson, 1995). (sdbonline.org)
- It has been known to interact and form a complex with the SCAP protein at the ER, in turn inhibiting interaction between SCAP and SEC24B. (novusbio.com)
- The BHLH proteins of subgroup IIId and IIIe did not interact with TTG1 (exemplarily the test with AtBHLH013 is shown). (uni-bielefeld.de)
Interactions1
- Hydrophobicity was one of the most important physicochemical properties, due to the fact that it is involved in protein interactions, for example, by forming hydrophobic cores. (hindawi.com)
Phosphorylation2
- Blocking the interaction between PIF7 and 14-3-3 proteins or reducing the expression of 14-3-3 proteins accelerates shade-induced nuclear localization and de-phosphorylation of PIF7, and enhances the shade phenotype. (elifesciences.org)
- no effect on EPAS 1 phosphorylation during hypoxia, suggesting that MAPK targets other proteins. (wikigenes.org)
Structural1
- In conclusion, our data support the view that interhelical loops within the bHLH play a determining role in maintaining TWIST1-DNA complex structures and provide a structural explanation for the loss of function associated with several TWIST1 mutations/insertions observed in SC patients. (proteopedia.org)
Vertebrates1
- This list refers to bHLH proteins found in invertebrates and vertebrates. (wikipedia.org)
TWIST11
- In their bHLH domains, TWIST1 is 48% and 29% identical to the murine NEUROD1 and E47 proteins. (proteopedia.org)
Nuclear2
- This synergistic effect is consistent with the observation that combined K38R (NLS1) and K76R (NLS2) mutants dramatically reduced nuclear localization, further suggesting that both NLS1 and NLS2 work together in regulating nuclear localization of TWIST protein. (uni-marburg.de)
- Myc proteins are nuclear proteins with relatively short half lives. (ihcworld.com)
MRNA2
- Exposure of isolated human adipocytes to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) produced a marked and specific decrease in the mRNA encoding the SREBP1c isoform and completely blocked the insulin-induced cleavage of SREBP1 protein. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Disease relevance of EPAS 1 Exposure of cultured A549 cells to hypoxia increased EPAS 1 mRNA and protein levels. (wikigenes.org)
Mesoderm1
- The Dl and Twist proteins appear to make synergistic contact with the basal transcription complex, so that snail is activated throughout the presumptive mesoderm in response to both peak and high levels of the Dl gradient. (sdbonline.org)
Tumor1
- We will discuss three key proteins that function as tumor suppressors implicated in the development of pediatric (and some adult) cancers: pRB, p53, and PTEN. (medscape.com)
Neurogenesis1
- Whereas AS-C coded proteins are proneural, meaning they initiate neurogenesis or nerve generation, E(spl)-C coded proteins are inhibitory for neurogenesis. (sdbonline.org)
Domain5
- The basic region and helix 1 of the bHLH domain form a long alpha-helix that is connected with the loop region to helix 2. (wikipedia.org)
- Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that the Adcy1 promoter is selectively activated by neuronal PAS-domain protein 2 (NPAS2)/BMAL1. (jneurosci.org)
- pACT K was used in order to check whether the BHLH proteins contain a functional activation domain in yeast. (uni-bielefeld.de)
- a-galactosidase assays of yeast strains expressing combinations of BHLH and MYB proteins fused to the GAL4 binding and activation domain, respectively. (uni-bielefeld.de)
- The conserved bHLH domain consists of about 60 amino acids and has two functional segments, the basic region and the HLH region. (biomedcentral.com)
Interacts2
- The bHLH protein SCL/Tal-l interacts with the co-repressor ETO-2 in erythroid cells and megakaryocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
- PIF7 interacts with 14-3-3 proteins. (elifesciences.org)
Functional1
- The aim of my work is to characterize functional domains in TWIST protein, and to determine the interacting partner for TWIST and its motifs particularly NSEEE and WR. (uni-marburg.de)
Organism1
- In our research, we use the zebrafish embryo to investigate how intercellular Wnt protein transport is regulated and how signals are subsequently delivered to the target cell in a living vertebrate organism. (exeter.ac.uk)
Regulatory1
- Sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1 is a transcription factor with important roles in the control of fatty acid metabolism and adipogenesis. (diabetesjournals.org)
Sodium azide1
- Aqueous buffered solution containing BSA, protein stabilizer, and ≤0.09% sodium azide. (bdbiosciences.com)
TWIST3
- Accordingly, the subcellular localization of NLS1 and NLS2 in TWIST protein was investigated in U2-OS cells following co-transfection with E12. (uni-marburg.de)
- The second aim of my work was to identify the interacting proteins that could influence the functionality of TWIST using yeast-two-hybrid assay. (uni-marburg.de)
- The direct interaction of SEF2 with TWIST was verified in a yeast mating assay and then confirmed in an in vivo NLS-rescue assay using U2-OS cells, showing that SEF2 forms a heterodimer with TWIST protein and co-localized into the nucleus. (uni-marburg.de)
Factors3
- The human genome contains approximately 125 bHLH factors. (wikipedia.org)
- First, the general TFs (GTFs), including preinitiation complex components TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, and THIIH, are the primary protein factors that are required for the initiation of transcription from the TATA box (or TATA element), then elongation is executed by RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II) [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
- Protein expression is influenced by many factors that may vary between experiments or laboratories. (genscript.com)
Molecular1
- However, molecular weight is also important due to potential steric incompatibilities within protein cores. (hindawi.com)
Locus1
- The p19ARF protein, which is encoded by the same locus as p16, also leads to cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the ability of MDM2 to inactivate TP53. (medscape.com)
Sequence3
- The others are the site-specific TFs or the DNA sequence-specific binding proteins. (intechopen.com)
- No protein sequence available. (cornell.edu)
- GenScript guarantees 100% sequence accuracy of all synthetic DNA constructs we deliver, but we do not guarantee protein expression in your experimental system. (genscript.com)
Genome1
- TP53 encodes the protein p53, which is known as the "guardian of the genome. (medscape.com)
Amino1
- Human SREBP2 protein (amino acids 48-403). (novusbio.com)
Biological1
- In convergent evolution, nonhomologous proteins evolve in separate biological contexts to catalyze the same or similar reactions. (hindawi.com)
Subcellular1
- SREBP-2 is expressed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus on a subcellular level, depending on the state of the protein. (novusbio.com)