• Thus, VDAC2 acts as a crucial component in mitochondrial apoptosis by allowing the mitochondrial recruitment of BAK, thereby controlling tBID-induced OMM permeabilization and cell death. (nih.gov)
  • We discuss here the contribution of glycan-lectin interactions to the initiation, execution and resolution of apoptosis and their emerging roles in other cell death programs including autophagy. (nature.com)
  • Several MYC-induced pathways, such as activation of the p53/ARF pathway, changes in expression, and activity of BCL2 proteins or alterations in death receptor signaling have been linked to apoptosis. (ashpublications.org)
  • Apoptosis is defined as programmed cell death, characterized by fragmentation of inter-nucleosomal DNA [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Two major mechanisms of apoptosis are an extrinsic, death-receptor mediated mechanism, and an intrinsic, mitochondria-mediated mechanism [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Membrane proteins encoded by the BCL-2 GENES and serving as potent inhibitors of cell death by APOPTOSIS. (bvsalud.org)
  • A Mtd mutant with glutamine substitutions of highly conserved amino acids in the BH3 domain retained its ability to promote apoptosis, further indicating that Mtd does not promote apoptosis by heterodimerizing with Bcl-2 or Bcl-XL. (deathbase.org)
  • Bak BH3 peptides antagonize Bcl-xL function and induce apoptosis through cytochrome c-independent activation of caspases. (lookformedical.com)
  • BID is a death agonist that heterodimerizes with either agonist BAX or antagonist BCL2. (thermofisher.com)
  • A0A8C0N2N7_BAD-01 BCL2-associated agonist of cell death protein OS=[Eukaryota] Canis lupus familiaris GN=BAD (length=167 residues). (inserm.fr)
  • In response to apoptotic signaling, BID interacts with another Bcl-2 family protein, Bax, leading to the insertion of Bax into organelle membranes, primarily the outer mitochondrial membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bax is believed to interact with, and induce the opening of the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel, VDAC. (wikipedia.org)
  • In particular, p53 interacts with Bax, promoting Bax activation and the insertion of Bax into the mitochondrial membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • BID serves as a direct molecular link between caspase 8 activation and mitochondrial death machinery. (thermofisher.com)
  • This defines BID as a direct activator of Bax, a role common to some of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins containing only the BH3 domain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glycans, either alone or complexed with glycan-binding proteins, can deliver intracellular signals or control extracellular processes that promote initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs. (nature.com)
  • Herein, we review the role of glycans and glycan-binding proteins as essential components of the cell death machinery during physiologic and pathologic settings. (nature.com)
  • At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
  • Bid contains only the BH3 domain, which is required for its interaction with the Bcl-2 family proteins and for its pro-death activity. (kactusbio.com)
  • initiator caspases (caspases 2, 8, 9 and 10), which are able to hydrolyse and activate a second family of effector caspases (caspases 3, 6 and 7), which themselves are able to hydrolyse further cellular proteins to bring about programmed cell death. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • Sequence analysis revealed that Mtd is a member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins containing conserved BH1, BH2, BH3, and BH4 regions and a carboxyl-terminal hydrophobic domain. (deathbase.org)
  • Unlike all other known death agonists of the Bcl-2 family, Mtd did not bind significantly to the survival-promoting proteins Bcl-2 or Bcl-XL. (deathbase.org)
  • ApoL1 failed to induce ACD in autophagy-deficient Atg5(-/-) and Atg7(-/-) MEF cells, suggesting that ApoL1-induced cell death is indeed autophagy-dependent. (unm.edu)
  • Bcl-2 family members share one or more of the four characteristic domains of homology entitled the Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains (named BH1, BH2, BH3 and BH4), and can form hetero- or homodimers. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain is crucial for the death-inducing and dimerization properties of pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 protein family, including Bak, Bax, and Bad. (lookformedical.com)
  • The BH3 interacting-domain death agonist, or BID, gene is a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 protein family. (wikipedia.org)
  • BID is a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein containing only the BH3 domain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Several reports have demonstrated that caspase-8, and its substrate BID, are frequently activated in response to certain apoptotic stimuli in a death receptor-independent manner. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two decades later, pioneering studies suggested that lectin-like molecules constitutively expressed on the surface of macrophages can selectively recognize changes on glycans decorating the surface of apoptotic thymocytes, 4 , 5 although these studies likewise did not provide substantial insight into the mechanisms by which lectin-glycan interactions regulate cell death. (nature.com)
  • Cell Death Differ. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although one typically thinks of carbohydrates as associated with cell growth and viability, glycosylation also has an integral role in many processes leading to cell death. (nature.com)
  • Glycosylation of classical death receptors fine-tunes cell death programs. (nature.com)
  • Endogenous lectins and glycans are critical signals in the resolution of cell death. (nature.com)
  • Is there a hallmark 'glycosylation signature' that characterizes the initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs in physiologic and pathologic settings? (nature.com)
  • What is the precise role of intracellular and extracellular galectins in the control of cell death programs? (nature.com)
  • The emergence of functional studies on animal lectins during the 1990s has provided the appropriate framework to better understand their roles in cell death. (nature.com)
  • Understanding the function of lectin-glycan recognition systems in cell death will facilitate the implementation of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling unbalanced cell proliferation and survival in several pathologic conditions. (nature.com)
  • Bid is a member of the BCL-2 family of cell death regulators. (thermofisher.com)
  • The Camp Assay For Dual Glp-1R And Gcrr Agonists reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (mytaq.net)
  • Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist from Rat in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (mytaq.net)
  • NF-κB up-regulates Fas and predisposes to Fas-induced cell death, which is caspase-8 mediated and can be prevented by CFLAR overexpression. (ashpublications.org)
  • MYC induces proliferation, but at the same time it can induce cell death. (ashpublications.org)
  • ApoL1, a BH3-only lipid-binding protein, induces autophagic cell death. (unm.edu)
  • We recently reported the identification and characterization of a novel BH3-only pro-death protein, apolipoprotein L1 (ApoL1), that, when overexpressed, induces autophagic cell death (ACD) in a variety of cells, including those originated from normal and cancerous tissues. (unm.edu)
  • Molecular mechanisms that mediate cell death and proliferation exist in balance in functional physiological systems. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Proliferation is involved in structural development and renewal, while programmed cell death is necessary to eliminate defective cells and prevent uncontrolled growth. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Cancer cells exhibit a number of common traits that differentiate themselves from normal cells, including sustained proliferative signaling, resisting cell death, and evading growth suppressors [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bid is important to cell death mediated by these proteases and thus is the sentinel to protease-mediated death signals. (kactusbio.com)
  • Antibodies against cleaved caspase-3 p-Akt and Bet (BH3 interacting domains TG 100801 death agonist) had been bought from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly MA). (tech-strategy.org)
  • Targeted therapies exploit molecular vulnerabilities unique to cancer cells and typically alter cellular signaling pathways to inhibit tumorigenic growth and promote cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ISR (Fig. 1 ) is a complex signaling pathway that regulates cellular responses to stress stimuli and enables either adaptation or the instigation of cell death mechanisms [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Expression of Mtd promoted the death of primary sensory neurons, 293T cells and HeLa cells, indicating that Mtd is a proapoptotic protein. (deathbase.org)
  • Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 16 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 16 h. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • An unspecified isoform of Fas interacts with FADD. (uth.edu)
  • CASP8 (caspase-8) interacts with FADD. (uth.edu)
  • MRIT-beta-1 interacts with FADD. (uth.edu)
  • c-FLIP interacts with FADD. (uth.edu)
  • Fas interacts with FADD. (uth.edu)
  • We showed here that human Bok is the only member of the Bcl-2 family to have a leucine-rich sequence indicative of a nuclear export signal within its BH3 domain. (deathbase.org)
  • Boosani CS, Mannam AP, Cosgrove D, Silva R, Hodivala-Dilke KM, Keshamouni VG, Sudhakar A. Regulation of COX-2 mediated signaling by alpha3 type IV noncollagenous domain in tumor angiogenesis. (famri.org)
  • sequence of domain gangliosides is identified by vertebrate TAR and removal remaining to the chemiosmotic transporters of the elongation( thought in Percipalle and Farrants 2006, McStay and Grummt 2008, Goodfellow and Zomerdijk 2012, Grummt and Langst 2013). (erik-mill.de)
  • Bid, BH3-interacting domain death agonist, was initially cloned based in its ability to interact with both Bcl-2 and Bax. (kactusbio.com)
  • We also found that Crm1 interacted with wild-type Bok but not with the mutated form. (deathbase.org)
  • Description: ODN 1585, murine TLR9 agonist, Oligodeoxy Nucleotide vaccine adjuvant. (mytaq.net)
  • In response to apoptotic signaling, BID interacts with another Bcl-2 family protein, Bax, leading to the insertion of Bax into organelle membranes, primarily the outer mitochondrial membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bid has also been shown to interact with with Bax, another Bcl-2 family protein, to trigger a conformational change in Bax leading to the dimerization and integration of Bax into the outer mitochondrial membrane and activating the release of cytochrome c. (southernbiotech.com)
  • In particular, p53 interacts with Bax, promoting Bax activation and the insertion of Bax into the mitochondrial membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Several reports have demonstrated that caspase-8, and its substrate BID, are frequently activated in response to certain apoptotic stimuli in a death receptor-independent manner. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and crista junction opening (CJO) were caspase independent and required a functional BH3 domain and Bax/Bak. (nih.gov)
  • A long pro-domain caspase that contains a caspase recruitment domain in its pro-domain region. (lookformedical.com)
  • Specifically caspase 8 can counteract necroptosis, an inflammatory mode of cell death induced by receptor-interacting protein (RIP)3, and may be involved in IL-1β maturation during fungal and mycobacterial infections [ 8 ]. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • Cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (cFLIP) is a crucial regulator of cell death and a substrate of Caspase-8. (sfb1530.de)
  • Bid is a proapoptotic, BH3-domain-only member or BH3-only protein (BOP) of the Bcl-2 family. (southernbiotech.com)
  • Fas cell surface death receptor [Sou. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • In the cardiovascular tissue, the endothelin system-consisting of the receptor subtypes A (ETA R) and B (ETB R) and the mixed agonist endothelin 1 (ET-1)-is a major key player in the regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure. (lscwarsaw.com)
  • Focusing on retinoblastoma and cerebellar granule cells, we prospected for PEDF receptors and found evidence for 1) a saturable, specific, and high-affinity class of receptors on the surface of both cells, with characteristics of an 80-kDa plasma membrane protein, and 2) the amino-terminal region in PEDF that interacts with the receptor. (nih.gov)
  • The mature protein is divided into three domains: an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain. (frontiersin.org)
  • The transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains have 17 and 145 amino acids, respectively. (frontiersin.org)
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the BH3 interacting domain death agonist (BID) gene as a risk factor in Korean patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). (nih.gov)
  • Association of BH3 interacting domain death agonist (BID) gene polymorphisms with proteinuria of immunoglobulin A nephropathy. (cdc.gov)
  • rs2277831 is located within intron 32 of the MICAL3 gene, which codes for the microtubule-associated monoxygenase, calponin and LIM domain containing 3 protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This mechanism, known as activation-induced cell death (AICD), deletes overactivated or autoreactive T cells in the periphery ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • These traveling cells subsist within the circulation by attaching to the endothelium of distant organs, crossing the endothelial barrier, and establishing new tumor colonies, which are the main cause of death ( 2 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • Loss of BIM in T cells results in BCL-2 family BH3-member compensation but incomplete cell death sensitivity normalization. (uchicago.edu)
  • Overexpression of Bcl-xL in wild-type HeLa cells suppressed STS-induced Ca 2+ signals and cell death, while Bcl-xL K87D was much less effective in doing so. (nature.com)
  • A family of cell surface receptors that signal via a conserved domain that extends into the cell CYTOPLASM. (lookformedical.com)
  • Bax is believed to interact with, and induce the opening of the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel, VDAC. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, aberrant cell death can interfere with such programs and cause organ failure. (sfb1530.de)
  • This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. (lookformedical.com)
  • Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. (lookformedical.com)
  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) like hypertension are a major cause for death worldwide. (lscwarsaw.com)
  • Pulmonary ischaemia-reperfusion can cause cellular breakdown and death of lung epithelial tissue, which may contribute to the magnitude and duration of pulmonary dysfunction seen after cardiopulmonary bypass and lung transplantation 2 , 4 . (ersjournals.com)
  • Defective mitochondrial function disrupts cellular redox potential and can cause cell death. (krcp-ksn.org)
  • One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). (lookformedical.com)
  • At the molecular level, inhibition of channel activity prominently occurs through the BH4 domain of Bcl-2 (BH4-Bcl-2) that targets several regions of the IP 3 R channel. (nature.com)
  • Disruption of this balance leads to mitochondrial fragmentation, loss of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) integrity, and cell death [ 3 , 7 ]. (krcp-ksn.org)
  • Second only to lung cancer, it is estimated that 27540 deaths will be attributed to PCa in 2015 [ 1 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Cell death coordinates repair programs following pathogen attack and tissue injury. (sfb1530.de)
  • These results reveal a crucial role for cFLIP cleavage in controlling the amplitude of cell death responses occurring upon tissue stress to ensure the execution of repair programs. (sfb1530.de)
  • Here, we found an essential role for cFLIP cleavage in restraining cell death in different pathophysiological scenarios. (sfb1530.de)
  • The interaction of Fas with its ligand FasL (FasL/CD95L) regulates numerous physiological and pathological processes that are mediated through programmed cell death ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • After Aurangzeb's death and during the war of succession, Qamaruddin and his father remained neutral thus escaping the risk of god mode script modern warfare 2 on the losing side they remained marginal players in the Mughal court during the reigns of Bahadur Shah I -12 and Jahandar Shah - Such a list, of course, has to begin with the state bird of Texas. (curitibaacrilico.com.br)
  • Conceptual response of the person to the various aspects of death , which are based on individual psychosocial and cultural experience. (lookformedical.com)
  • Reversible conditions which mimic this clinical state (e.g., sedative overdose, hypothermia, etc.) are excluded prior to making the determination of brain death . (lookformedical.com)
  • The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death . (lookformedical.com)