• The pollutants released include benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX), which are significant due to their high level of toxicity. (who.int)
  • Additionally, there were incidences where individuals were at potential hazard risk of benzene and toluene that may pose non-carcinogenic effects to employees. (who.int)
  • OBJECTIVE: To set up a method for the low concentration of benzene and its homologues (toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene, BTEX) in indoor air monitored simultaneously by portable gas chromatography (GC). (who.int)
  • Ethylbenzene, a significant derivative of benzene, plays a crucial role as a precursor in the synthesis of styrene. (reportsanddata.com)
  • As per the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), benzene finds extensive usage across a wide range of industries and products in the United States, constituting approximately 58% of the total domestic consumption of aromatic hydrocarbons. (reportsanddata.com)
  • Aromatic solvents are benzene derivatives with high vapor pressures and low boiling points that increase with increasing molecular weight. (cdc.gov)
  • Aromatic solvents are derivatives of coal and petroleum refining. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, this method provides a direct approach for the synthesis of fluorinated drug derivatives, which has important application for drug discovery and development. (nature.com)
  • The Project Gutenberg eBook of Synthesis of 2-methyl-4-selenoquinazolone 2-phenylbenzoselenazole, and Its Derivatives, by Y -Gwan Chen, M. A. (gutenberg.org)
  • The Project Gutenberg EBook of Synthesis of 2-methyl-4-selenoquinazolone, 2-phenylbenzoselenazole, and its derivatives, by Y -Gwan Chen This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. (gutenberg.org)
  • Olmesartan, also known as DE-092, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as biphenyls and derivatives. (hmdb.ca)
  • These are organic compounds containing to benzene rings linked together by a C-C bond. (hmdb.ca)
  • Phenol can also be metabolized to catechol and trihydroxy benzene. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, increased demand for benzene in the production of other chemicals such as styrene, phenol, and nylon is a key driver of market revenue growth. (reportsanddata.com)
  • Ionic liquids 1 - 6 were synthesized via a three-step procedure starting from commercially available aniline derivatives (see Scheme 1 ). (beilstein-journals.org)
  • First, the arylimidazole is obtained through a ring closing reaction using an aniline derivative, glyoxal, formaldehyde and ammonium chloride. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • Catechol can also be formed from benzene dihydrodiol via metabolism by cytosolic dehydrogenases (Henderson et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Several cytochrome P-450 isozymes are involved in the metabolism of benzene, although the predominant form is CYP2E1 (Gut et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Metabolism of benzene oxide leads to the formation of benzene dihydrodiol. (cdc.gov)
  • The North American market is expected to increase at a steady rate during the forecast period due to the high demand for Benzene in the production of nylon and polystyrene resins. (reportsanddata.com)
  • 1993). The first metabolic step is the formation of the epoxide benzene oxide. (cdc.gov)
  • The percentage of inhaled benzene that was absorbed and retained during a 6-hour exposure period decreased from 33 to 15% in rats and from 50 to 10% in mice when the exposure concentration was increased from about 10 to 1,000 ppm (Sabourin et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Due to poor ventilation and high exposure duration, the average benzene concentration over the sampling campaign exceeded the US Environmental Protection Agency's chronic inhalation exposure reference concentration. (who.int)
  • Diclofenac, as the sodium salt, is a benzene-acetic acid derivative. (nih.gov)
  • Barbituric acid [ and derivatives ] [ CH2. (nih.gov)
  • The authors point out that further studies are needed to describe exposure pathways of petroleum and its closest derivatives (e.g. benzene), in order to identify the drivers of the observed modifiers of cancer risk. (who.int)
  • 1988). Benzene is initially metabolized by cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed function oxidases primarily in the liver via several toxification and detoxification (via conjugation) pathways. (cdc.gov)
  • Lifetime cancer risk estimation showed that on average there is a 3.78 x 10-4 cancer risk, corresponding to an average chronic daily intake of 1.38 x 10-3 mg/kg/day of benzene exposure. (who.int)
  • Benzene is discussed in a separate chapter. (cdc.gov)
  • In this chapter, electrophilic agents nogenicity from studies of exposed (benzene, 1,3-butadiene, and eth- include direct-acting electrophilic humans. (who.int)
  • Benzene is an important feedstock in the production of these chemicals. (reportsanddata.com)
  • A unique series of sulphonamide derivatives was attempted to be synthesized in this study using a new and effective method. (nottingham.edu.cn)
  • Approximately 0.05% of an applied dose (0.0026 mg/cm2) was determined in one human study (Franz 1984), and another estimated a dermal absorption rate of approximately 0.4 mg/cm2/hour under conditions of complete saturation (35-43 cm2 of skin was exposed to approximately 0.06 g/cm2 of liquid benzene for 1.25-2 hours) (Hanke et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Moreover, the expansion of the automotive industry in the region, where benzene is a crucial raw material for automotive plastics and synthetic rubber, further contributes to the growing demand for benzene. (reportsanddata.com)
  • The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set a maximum allowed content of benzene in drinking water at 0.005 mg/L or 5 parts per billion (ppb). (reportsanddata.com)
  • The intensity anomaly can be explained by intracluster cyclization reaction induced by electron transfer from the metal atom and resulting a stable benzene derivative formation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • 1997) toxicological profile for benzene and therefore do not represent reviews of the primary literature. (cdc.gov)
  • Rising demand for benzene in a variety of end-use industries, including automotive, construction, and packaging, is a primary driver driving market revenue growth. (reportsanddata.com)
  • This appendix summarizes information on the toxicokinetics, health effects, mechanisms of action, and health guidelines for benzene. (cdc.gov)
  • Using Radiello passive samplers, it was found that benzene concentrations were above recommended international standards. (who.int)
  • The increasing demand for benzene in key end-use sectors such as automotive, construction, and electronics is driving the market growth in this region. (reportsanddata.com)
  • For example, polymorphisms of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), an enzyme that metabolizes benzene derivatives, are associated with an increased risk of AML. (medscape.com)
  • New York, 14 June, 2023 - The global benzene market size was USD 40 Billion in 2022 and is expected to register a revenue CAGR of 10% over the forecast period, according to the latest report by Reports and Data. (reportsanddata.com)
  • The variation of functionalities in the benzene moiety was well-tolerated, and only a moderate difference in yield and degree of purity was noticed. (lu.se)
  • The automobile industry is a significant end-use industry for the benzene market. (reportsanddata.com)
  • China, in particular, stands out as a significant producer and consumer of benzene due to the size of its petrochemical industry, which is one of the major users of the substance. (reportsanddata.com)
  • The supply of benzene witnessed some irregularities between 2016 and 2017 amid low crude oil prices across the globe, with no significant profits being made by midstream petrochemical refining firms. (visiongain.com)
  • Benzene detection by absorbance in the range of 20 ppb-100 ppb. (cea.fr)
  • In 2019, the estimated benzene consumption in the U.S. stood at nearly 10 million barrels, with more than 70% of it utilized as a raw material for chemical production. (reportsanddata.com)