Beings transplants clone humans for reproductive. Medical search. Frequent questions

5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
Two commonly discussed types of human cloning are therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning. (wikipedia.org)
Therapeutic cloning would involve cloning cells from a human for use in medicine and transplants. (wikipedia.org)
Two common methods of therapeutic cloning that are being researched are somatic-cell nuclear transfer and (more recently) pluripotent stem cell induction. (wikipedia.org)
these are the "holy grail" that would be useful for therapeutic or reproductive cloning. (wikipedia.org)
As explained in Chapter 2 , human neural organoids, transplants, and chimeras provide new models for such conditions and may lead to new knowledge about brain development and function, the discovery of disease mechanisms, new therapeutic targets, and better screening of potential new treatments. (nationalacademies.org)
The heated debate in our society over reproductive cloning, as well as therapeutic cloning to obtain embryonic stem cells, has been fueled by misconceptions and hyperbole on both sides. (flfamily.org)
In therapeutic cloning, the blastocyst is not transferred to a womb. (eurostemcell.org)
Another long-term hope for therapeutic cloning is that it could be used to generate cells that are genetically identical to a patient. (eurostemcell.org)
To date, no human embryonic stem cell lines have been derived using therapeutic cloning, so both these possibilities remain very much in the future. (eurostemcell.org)
What deserves greater attention, however, is therapeutic cloning, a (potential) cloning application considered far more important to the biomedical and scientific communities and one far more ethically challenging. (reasons.org)
1] Therapeutic cloning, on the other hand, creates human embryos merely as a source of embryonic stem cells. (reasons.org)
Crudely put, therapeutic cloning looks to generate human embryos solely for the body parts they can provide. (reasons.org)
Otherwise, such a treaty would not recognize the inherent human nature of the early human embryo or fetus until after birth , and thus cloning them and using them for research - both "therapeutic" and "reproductive" -- would not be banned, and women undergoing "infertility treatments" could surely be put in danger. (lifeissues.net)
DNA cloning, reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. (mystudywriters.com)
Therapeutic cloning, sometimes referred to as embryo cloning, is the production of human stem cells for use in research. (mystudywriters.com)
Therapeutic cloning can be used for parts of the body containing the same set of cells. (mystudywriters.com)
While use of therapeutic cloning to produce "replacement" body parts is possible, the grand opening of "Body Parts 'R Us" is years and probably decades away. (wtnnews.com)
But cloning for therapeutic reasons - meaning, carefully regulated research into disease using human embryonic embryos - is an entirely different matter. (wtnnews.com)
What's new is therapeutic cloning of human stem cells. (wtnnews.com)
Therapeutic cloning isn't being done in Wisconsin today, but Doyle wisely refused to cut off the possibility it might someday happen. (wtnnews.com)
Certainly, it's being done in South Korea and the United Kingdom, where therapeutic cloning was protected four years ago. (wtnnews.com)
One of the next preclinical steps, according to the authors, is to evaluate, in the lab, differentiated patient-specific human embryonic stem cell lines for immune-system tolerance, therapeutic efficacy and safety. (scienceblog.com)
Robert P. Lanza of Advanced Cell Technology claimed his project is "proof of the principle that 'therapeutic cloning' can work. (wnd.com)
Therapeutic cloning, known as "clone and kill" because the embryo is not transplanted into a surrogate mother for development, is favored by many scientists. (wnd.com)
Therapeutic cloning, as distinct from reproductive cloning, will lead to unprecedented medical advances, say researchers. (wnd.com)
The human embryo is cloned, then used only for research or therapeutic treatments. (wnd.com)
Sen. Sam Brownback, R-Kan., is the sponsor of a bill, S. 1899, that provides a comprehensive ban on human cloning, both "therapeutic" cloning and reproductive cloning. (wnd.com)
Medical practices and research involving human subjects are aimed at improving the prophylactic, diagnosis and the therapeutic index alongside understanding the pathogenesis of the disease. (assignology.com)
Finally, and inexorably, a true professional scientist poses clearly challenging questions to his research colleagues, and to the scientific enterprise in general, about the dubious "scientific" justification for the current rush to clone human beings - for both "therapeutic" and for "reproductive" purposes. (lifeissues.net)
But he is equally concerned about the unethical aspects inherent in the rush to perform " therapeutic " human cloning research, including the abuses to all vulnerable human patients who would be required to participate in clinical trials. (lifeissues.net)

In 2004 and 2005, Hwang Woo-suk, a professor at Seoul National University, published two separate articles in the journal Science claiming to have successfully harvested pluripotent, embryonic stem cells from a cloned human blastocyst using SCNT techniques. (wikipedia.org)
A blastocyst (cloned or not), because it lacks any trace of a nervous system, has no capacity for suffering or conscious experience in any form - the special properties that, in our view, spell the difference between biological tissue and a human life worthy of respect and rights. (wikiquote.org)
After many divisions in culture, this single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with almost identical DNA to the original donor who provided the adult cell - a genetic clone. (eurostemcell.org)
To produce Dolly, the cloned blastocyst was transferred into the womb of a recipient ewe, where it developed and when born quickly became the world's most famous lamb. (eurostemcell.org)
Instead, embryonic stem cells are isolated from the cloned blastocyst. (eurostemcell.org)
The Korean researchers who performed this stem cell research improved upon their protocols that yielded the first embryonic stem cell line from a cloned human blastocyst. (scienceblog.com)
In SCNT they take the nucleolus out of an egg cell, replace it with the nucleolus of a somatic cell (body cell with two complete sets of chromosomes), and make the egg cell divide into a blastocyst ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)

With the cloning of a sheep known as Dolly in 1996 by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), the idea of human cloning became a hot debate topic. (wikipedia.org)
Cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), is the technique used to produce Dolly the sheep, the first animal to be produced as a genetic copy of another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
Although many species produce clonal offspring in this fashion, Dolly, the lamb born in 1996 at a research institute in Scotland, was the first asexually produced mammalian clone. (who.int)
Reproductive cloning was how Dolly came to earth: the nucleus of a donor adult cell is placed in an egg cell without nucleus. (mystudywriters.com)
There were hundreds of failed clones, several dead fetuses and horribly deformed animals before the scientists had Dolly. (mystudywriters.com)
Those were side effects during the process that led to the cloning of Dolly the sheep. (wtnnews.com)
From a cell in adult ewe's mammary gland, Wilmot and his colleagues managed to create a frisky lamb named Dolly, scoring an advance in reproductive technology as unsettling as it was startling (Anibeze 2007).Unlike offspring produced in the usual fashion, Dolly does not merely take after her biological mother, she is indeed a carbon copy, a laboratory counterfeit so exact that she is indeed her mother/s identical twin. (er-journal.com)
Long before the birth of Dolly the sheep, clones had been observed in both nature and in the laboratory. (cshl.edu)
The cloning method used by the lab in Hawaii was different in two ways from the method used to clone Dolly. (cshl.edu)
Since the world said hello to Dolly, several other animals have also been cloned. (cshl.edu)
cows have also been cloned using ovary and cumulus cells with the same method that was used to clone Dolly. (cshl.edu)
Animals - most notably Dolly the sheep in 1996 - have already been cloned as part of scientific experiments to develop genetically modified livestock. (ndriromaric.com)

Pro-cloning forces have been working hard to convince state governments to pass constitutional amendments enshrining a "right" to clone and to destroy embryos for research. (flfamily.org)
Some prohibit only cloning for reproductive purposes and allow the creation of cloned human embryos for research, whereas others prohibit the creation of cloned embryos for any purpose. (who.int)
In the ongoing debate about cloning human embryos for research, and about destroying them in order to harvest their stem cells, it is important to keep some basic facts in mind. (actionlife.org)

Given the complexity of the human brain and the particularly human nature of many key symptoms of these disorders, especially psychiatric disorders, animal and cell culture models of the types currently used to investigate diseases of other organs and tissues are valuable but inadequate. (nationalacademies.org)
Recent and ongoing research suggests an alternative approach that can achieve the same goal (repair of damaged or diseased organs) without destroying human embryos. (reasons.org)
One such approach, called "xenotransplantation" (the transplantation of living cells, tissues, and organs from one species to another species), turns to pigs as a source of organs for human transplants. (reasons.org)
The chief one is hyper-acute rejection (HAR)-the rejection of pig organs by the human recipient. (reasons.org)
The researchers then used these cells as the source of genetic material to clone pigs with organs that lacked the sugar groups responsible for HAR. (reasons.org)
In fact, the research team oversaw the birth of four normal, healthy piglets with organs suitable for human transplants. (reasons.org)
Contrary to popular belief, stem cells are present in the human body throughout life and are found in many adult organs. (jcpa.org)
The benefits of cloning (parts of) humans being that we wouldn't need any more donors, or we could do research on organs without having to use humans themselves. (mystudywriters.com)
Not that everyone would think producing human organs in a lab is evil, by the way, given that thousands of people die for lack of transplantable organs every year. (wtnnews.com)
The increasing life expectancy of humans has led to growing number of people with diseased organs. (er-journal.com)
Xenotransplantation is any procedure that involves the use of live cells, tissues or organs from a nonhuman source for transplantation, implantation or infusion into a human recipient. (er-journal.com)
The success of this research marks a significant step to the quest for the use of animal organs for live-saving transplants. (er-journal.com)
The dream of transferring bodily organs from animals to humans goes back to antiquity, as articulated in the myth of Daedalus and Icarus in Greek mythology. (er-journal.com)
By the 17th century the possibility of transferring animal organs to humans came into practice with stumbling attempts to use animal blood for transfusions. (er-journal.com)
Similarly, clinical use of animal organs such as the transplantation of a rabbit kidney to humans was documented in 1905 (Nagarian 2003). (er-journal.com)
Advancing to the 20th century researchers were already attempting transplants of organs from baboons to humans. (er-journal.com)
Pigs have large litters, short gestation periods and organs comparable to humans. (er-journal.com)
This exotic biological engineering seems to have opened a vista of possibilities both for propagating endangered species and producing replacement organs for transplant patients. (er-journal.com)
Scientists hope to use cloned pigs to grow organs that can be transplanted into humans. (cshl.edu)
The ICM continues to differentiate into three germ layers-ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, each of which follows a specific developmental destiny that takes them along an ever-specifying path at which end the daughter cells will make up the different organs of the human body. (thefutureofthings.com)

Although the possibility of cloning humans had been the subject of speculation for much of the 20th century, scientists and policymakers began to take the prospect seriously in 1969. (wikipedia.org)
Many nations outlawed it, while a few scientists promised to make a clone within the next few years. (wikipedia.org)
In 2011, scientists at the New York Stem Cell Foundation announced that they had succeeded in generating embryonic stem cell lines, but their process involved leaving the oocyte's nucleus in place, resulting in triploid cells, which would not be useful for cloning. (wikipedia.org)
My question regarding genetic engineering deregulation was then: What would happen if scientists who are provided with unlimited money and resources have no legal liability to realize their experiments cloning humans and literally engineering new species? (real-agenda.com)
During one recent meeting, scientists disagreed on such basic issues as whether it would be unethical for a human embryo to begin its development in an animal's womb, and whether a mouse would be better or worse off with a brain made of human neurons. (real-agenda.com)
Most scientists do not feel that this is good for cloning as it is far to risky and also we do not know a lot about this technique either. (mystudywriters.com)
So most scientists agree that it is not possible yet to clone entire human beings. (mystudywriters.com)
Most of these scientists highly doubt that it would be possible in the near future to clone entire human beings, but there are always the "what if" questions. (mystudywriters.com)
just a few stories about scientists around the world who claim - falsely, of course - to have cloned babies. (wtnnews.com)
Other than a tiny number of weird scientists, it's hard to find anyone who likes the idea of implanting a cloned embryo into a woman's womb, risking not only the health of the "mother" but almost certainly producing babies with birth defects. (wtnnews.com)
First or all, scientists have been cloning human cells or their components for years. (wtnnews.com)
Since then, the South Korean scientists have reported creating nearly a dozen new lines of human embryonic stem cells that for the first time carry the genetic signature of diseased or injured patients. (wtnnews.com)
Not even the South Korean scientists claim they're close to transplanting cells into a human, however. (wtnnews.com)
Scientists have isolated the first human embryonic stem cell lines specifically tailored to match the nuclear DNA of patients, both males and females of various ages, suffering from disease or spinal cord injury. (scienceblog.com)
The work also moves scientists one step closer to the goal of transplanting healthy cells into humans to replace cells damaged by diseases such as Parkinson's and diabetes. (scienceblog.com)
Long before the controversy emerged over human embryonic stem cells, scientists and doctors began using first-generation stem cells from adult bone marrow. (eppc.org)
In July 2005, for example, scientists announced that they had engineered adult mouse stem cells into usable mouse eggs, a technique that might one day allow for the creation of human eggs from ordinary human cells. (eppc.org)
Scientists have made some major achievements with cloning, including the asexual reproduction of sheep and cows. (listverse.com)
Scientists have used cloning technology to transform human skin cells into embryonic stem cells, an experiment that may revive the controversy over human cloning. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
The method described on Wednesday by Oregon State University scientists in the journal Cell, would not likely be able to create human clones, said Shoukhrat Mitalipov, senior scientist at the Oregon National Primate Research Center. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
The scientists have taken cells from Cumulina to make more clones. (cshl.edu)
Scientists hope the findings will lead to a similar treatment being rolled out to people within the next 20 years. (ndriromaric.com)
These scientists experimented eagerly in aims of learning how to clone human. (benjaminbarber.org)
Shannon Brownlee of U. S. News & World Report writes, "Hall and other scientists split single humans embryos into identical copies, a technology that opens a Pandora's box of ethical questions and has sparked a storm of controversy around the world" (24). (benjaminbarber.org)
Common answers to the puzzling questions about humans and cloning are still trying to be answered today, and scientists and the public are eager to learn all they can about cloning. (benjaminbarber.org)

DNA cloning or recombinant DNA technology is to transfer one piece of DNA into something that can duplicate himself. (mystudywriters.com)
tissue healing, growth, and development, organ transplants, gene therapy, recombinant DNA technology in drug discovery and food manufacture, invitro fertilization, gene cloning alongside all medical undertakings that entail an artificial modification of the natural make of an animal or plant. (assignology.com)

Doctors have been performing stem cell transplants, also known as bone marrow transplants, for decades using hematopoietic stem cells in order to treat certain types of cancer. (healthline.com)
The dramatic increase in efficiency - more than one cell line for every 20 attempts - could pave the way for treating conditions such as diabetes and spinal cord injury with stem cell transplants. (wtnnews.com)

The object of reproductive cloning is to implant the cloned embryo into a surrogate mother and permit the human child to develop. (wnd.com)

In January 2008, Dr. Andrew French and Samuel Wood of the biotechnology company Stemagen announced that they successfully created the first five mature human embryos using SCNT. (wikipedia.org)
In this experiment, the researchers developed a protocol for using SCNT in human cells, which differs slightly from the one used in other organisms. (wikipedia.org)
Again, Saunders is referring to SCNT as "THE" cloning procedure, when there are many other ways to clone a human being as well, and he is scientifically mis-defining the product of SCNT (i.e., the cloned human embryo). (lifeissues.net)
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a type of cloning that has to be done in a lab. (bartleby.com)
Once the SCNT is done, the cloning is over. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
Activation of embryonic genes and transcription from the transplanted somatic cell nucleus are required for development of SCNT embryos beyond the eight-cell stage…Therefore, these results are consistent with the premise that our modified SCNT protocol supports reprogramming of human somatic cells to the embryonic state. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
Repeat after me: Human SCNT creates a human embryo through asexual means. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
The cloning is completed when the SCNT is accomplished. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)

Pigs have been added to the cloned animal menagerie. (cshl.edu)

In biology , cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria , insects or plants reproduce asexually . (wikiquote.org)
Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)
First of all: how exactly can you clone living organisms? (mystudywriters.com)
Most of the research concerning human health is best done in animal models that can not be replaced by micro-organisms and invitro testing. (assignology.com)
Simply put, clones are organisms that have identical genetic material. (cshl.edu)
In addition to this normal process, we have developed laboratory techniques with which to manipulate the procreation of new human organisms. (actionlife.org)
Sir John Bertrand Gurdon further developed nuclear transplantation, the technique used to clone organisms and to create stem cells, while working in Britain in the second half of the twentieth century. (asu.edu)

WHA50.37 of 1997 argues that human cloning is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
WHA50.37, which states "the use of cloning for the replication of human individuals is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
Those two factors make attempts to clone humans for reproductive purposes ethically troubling. (reasons.org)
Ethically, since eventually all such "research" will be applied to people, he cautions against the abuse of women "egg" donors, and against the premature use of vulnerable sick human patients for testing supposedly "patient-specific" stem cells in supposed "therapies", pointing to the obvious violations of standard international research ethics guidelines such clinical trials would necessarily entail. (lifeissues.net)

From the 185 donated oocytes, endowed with the genetic material from a different person (or in one case, the same person), the researchers report development of 31 hollow balls of cells called "human nuclear-transfer blastocysts. (scienceblog.com)
The pig had been genetically edited to avoid the human intolerable sugar and immune system attack.For this procedure, the researchers had kept a diseased woman's body on a ventilator after her family had agreed to the experiment. (er-journal.com)
Medical researchers are constantly being threatened by animal protection agencies like Animal Liberation Front and the People for Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). (assignology.com)
About human health, the world medical declaration of Helsinki serves as a statement of ethical principles providing guidelines to physicians and researchers involved with human subjects. (assignology.com)
The researchers stopped well short of creating a human clone. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
US researchers have reported a breakthrough in stem cell research, describing how they have turned human skin cells into embryonic stem cells for the first time. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
Researchers there are working on technology that induces human skin cells to change into the kind of stem cells that have been created by embryos. (cbc.ca)
So, hepatitis E got its official name in the 1980s, but it wasn't until the early 1990s that researchers had actually cloned and sequenced this virus. (cdc.gov)

Stem cells may be derived from adult tissues but the most potent are extracted from developing human embryos. (edu.au)

The term is generally used to refer to artificial human cloning, which is the reproduction of human cells and tissue. (wikipedia.org)
It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
When I set out to write this article my first challenge was how to present the information in a concise, yet shocking enough to wake up people who still believe that cloning humans for organ harvesting, splicing animal and human genes and making food out of human DNA or tissue is just science fiction. (real-agenda.com)
In a study published in the online journal Nature on March 1, 2009, Canadian researches described a new method for generating stem cells from adult human tissue. (cbc.ca)
Seven had a fresh cortical tissue transplant, one of whom received a second frozen-thawed transplant after the first ceased functioning at three years. (infertile.com)

Although the simple use of the word 'clone' may have negative connotations, many people have resigned themselves to the idea of cloning cows that produce more milk or using a cloned mouse for use in controlled experimentation. (bartleby.com)

Perhaps Ramsey would give other extraordinarily powerful arguments as to why human cloning is unethical, but he obviously would not be able to base it on his unscientific "pre-embryo" position. (lifeissues.net)
Many nations oppose human reproductive cloning as "inherently unethical. (wnd.com)
As he has questioned the HFEA before, would not the use of vulnerable human patients in clinical trials be premature, dangerous, and unethical given the already acquired knowledge in the research community that such supposed "patient-specific" stem cells would most probably cause serious immune rejection reactions in these patients? (lifeissues.net)

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) and embryo research have posed many challenges to the different timeframes of science, ethics and law. (edu.au)
The report arose out of a recommendation for the Committee to review the report of the Australian Health Ethics Committee (AHEC) of the NHMRC entitled Scientific, Ethical and Regulatory Considerations Relevant to Cloning of Human Beings (hereafter the AHEC Report ). (edu.au)
Essay on cloning and ethical issues that immediatly Subject : cloning and ethics come up when talking about it. (mystudywriters.com)
The right to have children is understood in very different ways and people's ethics and values are put to the test each and everyday when they find out they not only must take care of themselves but the lives of another human being. (bartleby.com)

The Los Angeles Times has waded in to the junk biology game, assuring us that no embryos are threatened in human cloning-WHEN THE WHOLE POINT OF HUMAN CLONING IS TO CREATE AN EMBRYO! (nationalrighttolifenews.org)

Reproductive cloning would involve making an entire cloned human, instead of just specific cells or tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Four embryonic stem cell lines from human fetal somatic cells were derived from those blastocysts. (wikipedia.org)
The unique properties of human stem cells have aroused considerable optimism about their potential as new pathways for alleviating human suffering caused by disease and injury. (edu.au)
Given that we have an efficiency of 1% cloning for livestock species and if only one in a thousand cells are viable then around 100,000 cells would need to be transferred. (wikiquote.org)
A patient transplanted with these cells would not suffer the problems associated with rejection. (eurostemcell.org)
Tragically, however, in order to harvest stem cells from human embryos, the embryos must be destroyed. (reasons.org)
HAR occurs because the sugar groups on the surface of pig and human cells differ. (reasons.org)
Similarly, when the fertilized egg divides from two cells into four cells, each of these four cells has the potential to individually form a human fetus. (jcpa.org)
This isn't used at all to create cloned human beings, it's just for the research because Stem cells are quite important. (mystudywriters.com)
Embryonic stem cells come from human embryos that are three to five days old. (healthline.com)
However, in recent years, there has been controversy surrounding the way human embryonic stem cells are obtained. (healthline.com)
After Gov. Jim Doyle vetoed a bill that would have banned cloning of human embryonic stem cells for research purposes, the legislative director of Wisconsin's Right to Life movement made a remark that seemed straight out of a science fiction movie. (wtnnews.com)
Still, the prospect of being able to study the root causes of a disease in an immortal, cloned line of stem cells is exciting enough. (wtnnews.com)
These cell lines will enable the study of human disease in cells in the laboratory. (scienceblog.com)
Oocyte donors and patients who donated non-reproductive cells were all unpaid volunteers. (scienceblog.com)
For underage donors of non-reproductive cells, both parents signed informed-consent agreements. (scienceblog.com)
Currently, the procedure for isolating non-reproductive cells for the nuclear transfer method involves animal enzymes and serum. (scienceblog.com)
Over the past few years, the debate over stem cells and cloning has grown both more complex and more profound. (eppc.org)
Citizens disagree about whether we should destroy human embryos for their stem cells-and if so, which embryos, with whose money, under what regulatory guidelines. (eppc.org)
Already, non-embryonic stem cells are being used to treat a variety of diseases-most notably certain cancers of the blood. (eppc.org)
That is to say, we risk turning developed cells into developing embryos, and thus risk engaging in the very activities of embryo destruction and human cloning that we seek to avoid. (eppc.org)
Far more controversial-and for good reason-are stem cells derived from destroyed human embryos. (eppc.org)
In January, the company revealed that a promising bovine study confirmed their expectations that cloned embryo cells could be directed to grow a functioning organ. (wnd.com)
For instance, some sugar in pig cells foreign to the human body is reported to cause immediate organ rejection. (er-journal.com)
If the enzyme is reawakened in these dying cells, normal human aging could be slowed, stopped or even reversed. (listverse.com)
But they showed, for the first time, that it is possible to create cloned embryonic stem cells that are genetically identical to the person from whom they are derived. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
The cloning breakthrough is instead being spun as skin cells into stem cells! (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
The team at OHSU [Oregon Health and Science University], which disclosed its work in a paper published online by Cell, created embryonic stem cells by replacing the nucleus in an unfertilized human egg with the nucleus from a skin cell, then harvesting the resulting stem cells. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
Prior to 1996, it was thought that cloning an entire animal could only be done with embryonic cells - cells present in the early stages of an organism's development. (cshl.edu)
She is a clone of these udder cells. (cshl.edu)
They cloned mice using cumulus cells, a cell type found in the ovaries. (cshl.edu)
First, the cells used to clone the mice were not grown in culture, but instead were used immediately. (cshl.edu)
On October 3, 1997, the host mouse gave birth to Cumulina, named after the cumulus cells she was cloned from. (cshl.edu)
The first clinical trials involving a patient receiving human embryonic stem cells began in October 2010 at the Shepard Center, a spinal cord injury hospital in Atlanta. (cbc.ca)
In rodents, and even in some preliminary trials in humans, human embryonic stem cells have been shown to bridge gaps in spinal cord injuries , allowing restoration of motor functions. (thefutureofthings.com)
The second method of cloning a human involves taking cells from an already existing human being and cloning them, in turn creating other individuals that are identical to that particular person. (benjaminbarber.org)
They attempted to create seventeen human embryos in a laboratory dish and when it had grown enough, separated them into forty-eight individual cells. (benjaminbarber.org)
Two of the separated cells survived for a few days in the lab developed into new human embryos smaller than the head of a pin and consisting of thirty-two cells each (Brownlee 24). (benjaminbarber.org)
This study provides a comprehensive network model of IAV infection in human cells, identifying functional host targets for pan-viral HDT. (cdc.gov)
A closeup of a microscope slide taken in 2000 at the Reproductive Genetics Institute's Chicago laboratory shows transplanted stem cells taken from the umbilical cord blood of a baby named Adam Nash. (cnn.com)
Molly received a stem cell transplant from stem cells from Adam's umbilical cord. (cnn.com)
Above, a human stem cell colony, which is no more than 1 millimeter wide and comprises thousands of individual stem cells, grows on mouse embryonic fibroblast in a research laboratory in September 2001. (cnn.com)
In November 2010, William Caldwell, CEO of Advanced Cell Technology, said the FDA had granted approval for his company to start a clinical trial using cells grown from human embryonic stem cells. (cnn.com)
Above, dozens of packages containing frozen embryonic stem cells remain in liquid nitrogen in a laboratory at the University of Sao Paulo's human genome research center in Sao Paulo, Brazil, in March 2008. (cnn.com)

After being inserted into the egg, the adult cell nucleus is reprogrammed by the host cell. (eurostemcell.org)
It will be recalled that in 1998, a British embryologist became the first living proof to show that an adult cell can revert to embryonic stage and produce a full new being. (er-journal.com)
A laboratory in Hawaii run by Dr. Ryuzo Yanagimachi was the second group to successfully clone an animal from an adult cell. (cshl.edu)
It proceeds, unless death intervenes, through every stage of human development until one day it reaches the adult stage. (actionlife.org)
RESULTS: We identified eight pediatric and 13 adult publications describing long-term follow-up in 570 pediatric and 2076 adult hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. (bvsalud.org)

A clone is an organism that is a genetic copy of an existing one. (who.int)
… "embryo" means a human organism during the first 56 days of its development following fertilization or creation, excluding any time during which its development has been suspended, and includes any cell derived from such an organism that is used for the purpose of creating a human being. (hinxtongroup.org)
Stem cell research is, in part, a quest to understand cellular differentiation, the process by which a human being develops from one fertilized cell into a multicellular organism composed of over 200 different cell types - for example muscle, nerve, blood cell, or kidney. (jcpa.org)
Through reproductive cloning, a new multicellular organism is created, genetically identical to another. (listverse.com)
A cloned embryo-like a natural embryo-is an individual organism, a member of its (in this case, human) species. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
The new organism thus produced is genetically distinct from all other human beings and has embarked upon its own distinctive development. (actionlife.org)
This is cloning, a process in which the body cell that donated the replacement nucleus supplies the chromosomes of the new human organism. (actionlife.org)
Whether the new organism is produced by fertilization or by cloning, each new human organism is a distinct entity. (actionlife.org)
The organism T cruzi and infection in humans were first described in 1909 by the Brazilian physician Carlos R. J. Chagas. (medscape.com)

2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
If you cannot or do not want to get into the heavy research, I am about to give you a detailed report on the state of genetic engineering, human-animal cloning and gene splicing. (real-agenda.com)
Imagine that there will be clones, it would surely narrow down the gene diversity which we have created over the years. (mystudywriters.com)
The process known as "DNA cloning," "molecular cloning" or "gene cloning" has been used widely since the 1970s. (wtnnews.com)
Attempts to improve the quality of the human gene pool, or "positive eugenics," have generally been viewed with disfavor, especially after the policies in Nazi Germany promoting racial hygiene (Proctor 1988). (encyclopedia.com)
We also reviewed long-term results from eight publications evaluating lentiviral- and human promotor-based HSC-targeted gene therapy in 215 patients with nonmalignant conditions, in which busulfan/treosulfan monotherapy or busulfan/fludarabine was the only conditioning. (bvsalud.org)

Another Nobel Laureate, James D. Watson, publicized the potential and the perils of cloning in his Atlantic Monthly essay, "Moving Toward the Clonal Man", in 1971. (wikipedia.org)

However, the idea of cloning humans is a highly charged topic. (bartleby.com)
There is no doubt that many problems involving the technological and ethical sides of this issue will arise and will be virtually impossible to avoid, but the overall idea of cloning humans is one that we should accept as a possible reality for the future. (benjaminbarber.org)

She was special as she was the first sheep to be cloned entirely by humans. (mystudywriters.com)
The cloning of this sheep raised a lot of questions. (mystudywriters.com)

Research involving human neural organoids, transplants, and chimeras has an ultimate goal of preventing and treating the great suffering caused by serious neurological and psychiatric conditions for which no effective treatment is available. (nationalacademies.org)
Some of these concerns, such as ensuring the welfare of research animals and obtaining appropriate consent for the use of human tissues, also apply to many other areas of research, but may require special consideration for research with human neural organoids, cell transplants, and chimeras. (nationalacademies.org)
One such concern is the possibility of altering the capacities or consciousness of a research animal in ways that may blur the lines between human beings and nonhuman animals. (nationalacademies.org)
A main justification for carrying out research, both basic and translational, with human neural organoids, transplants, and chimeras is that it will help in the discovery of new ways to understand and treat neurological and psychiatric disorders, which, as discussed previously, cause immense suffering and for which treatments are ineffective or lacking. (nationalacademies.org)
This issue was considered by the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs in its report entitled Human Cloning: Scientific, Ethical and Regulatory Aspects of Human Cloning and Stem Cell Research (hereafter the Andrews Report , after the Chair of the Committee, Mr Kevin Andrews, MP) released in September 2001. (edu.au)
What is cloning, and what does it have to do with stem cell research? (eurostemcell.org)
This form of cloning is unrelated to stem cell research. (eurostemcell.org)
In order to better appreciate the role of stem cell research in reproductive medicine, there is a need to understand the critical biological principles of stem cell research and its potential applications to medicine. (jcpa.org)
While there is a great deal published on the potential medical applications of stem cell research to treat or cure diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cancer, and heart disease, much less has been published on the future impact of stem cell research in reproductive medicine. (jcpa.org)
I knew and had great respect for the famous Protestant theologian and bioethicist Paul Ramsey, and used much of his work concerning the use of human subjects in research in my own. (lifeissues.net)
In 15 years of research I have not been able to get a significant grasp on what genetically engineering humans, fish, soy, corn, milk and other products could mean for humankind. (real-agenda.com)
The research is being released by the journal Science, which is published by AAAS, the non-profit science society, on the Science Express website on 19 May, 2005. (scienceblog.com)
Research advocates attack President Bush for "banning stem cell research," while pro-life advocates lament a Republican administration and Congress that have banned nothing-not embryo destruction, not human cloning, not fetal farming, not genetic engineering. (eppc.org)
The first day of debate provoked strong arguments both in favor of freedom of research and in favor of a ban on human cloning. (wnd.com)
Medical research implies that any involvement of human subjects should be based on valid and adequate information with laboratory and prior animal experimentation that has confirmed the tests as well as any subsequent procedures to be safe. (assignology.com)
A case is implicated where Ashkensai Jews are known to have a high genetic predisposition to conditions like Tay Sachs, Gaucher, and BRCs.If an arkensai Jew is asked to consent on this for a medical research undertaking there is a possibility that he/she will refuse for the fear of being termed as genetically defective. (assignology.com)
The recent desperation to clone human embryos may be seriously undermining accepted ethical principles of medical research, with potentially profound wider consequences. (lifeissues.net)
And he also agrees that if we don't find global agreement on human cloning, "we can probably expect dire consequences for the future of biomedical research and its impact on society at large. (lifeissues.net)
This could conflict with long-standing religious and societal values about human dignity and infringe on the principles of individual freedom, identity and autonomy, according to the US National Human Genome Research Institute. (ndriromaric.com)

In his speech on "Biological Possibilities for the Human Species of the Next Ten Thousand Years" at the Ciba Foundation Symposium on Man and his Future in 1963, he said: It is extremely hopeful that some human cell lines can be grown on a medium of precisely known chemical composition. (wikipedia.org)
Most natural cloning occurs in those species that produce their descendants asexually, that is, without combining the male and female genetic material. (who.int)
When many species of plants evolve from a common ancestor their above-ground growing parts--stems and leaves--often diverge widely in appearance, but their reproductive parts tend to remain remarkably similar. (desertmuseum.org)

Each of the 11 new human embryonic stem cell lines was created by transferring the nuclear genetic material from a non-reproductive cell of a patient into a donated egg, or "oocyte," whose nucleus had been removed. (scienceblog.com)

But we can only wonder about the ethical propriety of producing the first human child with this technique, knowing that the hoped-for newborn would be a reproductive experiment, one that may end initially in numerous fetal failures. (eppc.org)
Embryo-fetal improvement studies in animals indicated that REVLIMID and POMALYST produced malformations within the offspring when given the drug throughout being pregnant, similar to start defects observed in humans following exposure to thalidomide during being pregnant. (page.tl)
Every human being begins as a single-cell zygote, grows through the embryonic stage, then the fetal stage, is born and develops through infancy, through childhood, and through adulthood, until death. (actionlife.org)

Unlike some movies, cloning in real life doesn't produce a full grown exact replica of someone. (bartleby.com)

6. " ... any living human embryo has the inherent 'potential' to develop into a healthy baby . (lifeissues.net)
Originally the relevant philosophical term was "potency" (or inherent power or capacity conveyed by a specific nature) was used to apply to an already existing substance - such as a new living human embryo. (lifeissues.net)
The only question is what you do with the living human embryo you have manufactured. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)

A third view says that cloning will provide for the possibility of improvement by giving birth to children who are free of birth defects, because when any two people create a child through sex there is the possibility for genetic defects. (bartleby.com)
The Human Genome Initiative, a "big science" project launched by the U.S. government to map and sequence the entire human genome, has heightened concerns about the privacy and confidentiality of genetic information, the uses to which such information might be put, and the possibility of stigmatizing individuals or groups because of their genetic constitution. (encyclopedia.com)
Yet merely being susceptible opens the possibility of harm to the interests of such individuals, making them vulnerable to actions by others such as insurance companies who seek to deny insurance on grounds of a preexisting condition or employers who refuse to hire workers with a known propensity for illness. (encyclopedia.com)
Cloning humans has recently become a possibility that seems much more feasible in today's society than it was twenty years ago. (benjaminbarber.org)
It is not known when or how cloning humans really became a possibility, but it is known that there are two possible ways that we can clone humans. (benjaminbarber.org)
The main issue as to whether or not human cloning is possible through the splitting of embryos began in 1993 when experimentation was done at George Washington University Medical Center in Washington D. C. There Dr. Jerry Hall experimented with the possibility of human cloning and began this moral and ethical debate. (benjaminbarber.org)
There it was concluded that cloning is not something that can be done as of now, but it is quite a possibility for the future. (benjaminbarber.org)

A type of cloning that occurs naturally is when identical twins are born ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)
Its regulation leaves a lot to be desired, as almost everyone agrees, and that is partly why some people see an expansion of its product range as naturally including human genetic modification. (wordsontheweb.com)

… "human clone" means an embryo that, as a result of the manipulation of human reproductive material or an in vitro embryo, contains a diploid set of chromosomes obtained from a single - living or deceased - human being, fetus, or embryo. (hinxtongroup.org)
Rorvik wrote magazine articles and books in which he discussed emerging methods and technologies that contributed to the progression of reproductive health, including sex determination, in vitro fertilization, and human cloning. (asu.edu)
Many sources state that cloning is just simply an extension of in vitro fertilization, but the root of cloning goes further than that. (benjaminbarber.org)
Cloning embryos is different from the genetic process of in vitro fertilization, but still holds many similarities with it. (benjaminbarber.org)

There are also ethical concerns about creating a human genetically identical to another person who currently exists, or has previously. (ndriromaric.com)

a) Note, again, the reference to only sexual human reproduction - "the moment of conception" - i.e., fertilization. (lifeissues.net)
Thus, while Ramsey agreed that there is a human being present immediately at fertilization, he did not agree that it was also a human embryo or a human person - the classic "pre-embryo" argument. (lifeissues.net)

Developments in biotechnology have raised new concerns about animal welfare, as farm animals now have their genomes modified (genetically engineered) or copied (cloned) to propagate certain traits useful to agribusiness, such as meat yield or feed conversion. (wikiquote.org)
In addition to low success rates, cloned animals tend to have more compromised immune function and higher rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders. (wikiquote.org)
Beyond this scientific interest, the commercial concern in animal cloning focuses on replicating large numbers of genetically identical animals, especially those derived from a progenitor that has been modified genetically. (who.int)
It is obvious that the experiences of humans and animals are linked, having a common origin in the same system of production and exchange. (libcom.org)
But we want to go further and assert that the development and maintenance of capitalism as a system that exploits humans is in some ways dependent upon the abuse of animals. (libcom.org)
Furthermore the movement that abolishes capitalism by changing the relations between humans - communism - also involves a fundamental transformation of the relations between humans and animals. (libcom.org)
When we talk of the relationship between humans and animals, it is important not to lose sight of the fact that humans are animals too. (libcom.org)
Although early humans, like other hominids may have sometimes scavenged meat killed by other animals, diet was probably based almost entirely on plant foods. (libcom.org)
The hunting of larger animals for food, with the increased importance of meat in the diet, may have become more significant when humans encountered colder conditions in which plant foods were harder to come by, particularly in the last Ice Age. (libcom.org)
Reproductive cloning in animals has a 3-8 percent success rate. (wnd.com)
This is due to the scientific difficulties, such as a high rate of death and bodily deformities among cloned animals. (ndriromaric.com)
It's a place where plants, animals, and human beings have adapted to--even thrive in--an environment where water is usually scarce and its arrival almost always unpredictable. (desertmuseum.org)
Infected insects take blood meals from humans and their domestic animals and deposit parasite-laden feces. (medscape.com)

Dr. Condic discusses the beginning of human life and the moral status of the human being. (flfamily.org)
Considered contrary to the moral law, since (it is in) opposition to the dignity both of human procreation and of the conjugal union. (wikiquote.org)
Now you may ask what this has to do with the whole "can we clone humans" and the ethical and moral issues. (mystudywriters.com)
But if we are to make wise policy the stem cell/cloning arena, we need to step back, sort out the various scientific alternatives and moral issues, and search for a way forward that all citizens can embrace. (eppc.org)
To this end, we offer a detailed analysis of the stem cell/cloning question-where is the science, what are the political alternatives, and what moral obligations should guide us? (eppc.org)
Human dignity is a frequent and very important theme in religious moral perspectives and one of the most emphasized themes in the Holy Qur'ān. (freeislamicwill.com)

The first hybrid human clone was created in November 1998, by Advanced Cell Technology. (wikipedia.org)
In this case, each embryo was created by taking a nucleus from a skin cell (donated by Wood and a colleague) and inserting it into a human egg from which the nucleus had been removed. (wikipedia.org)
Stem cell technology in humans derives from earlier and complementary work in animal studies. (edu.au)
However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)
All humans start out as only one cell. (healthline.com)
The single cell line generated in the 2004 Science paper resulted from nuclear transfer in which the oocyte and non-reproductive ("somatic") cell came from the same healthy female. (scienceblog.com)
Action by various states, nations and international organizations was spurred by the November announcement by Massachusetts-based Advanced Cell Technology that it had successfully cloned human embryos. (wnd.com)
Similar situation has plagued the stem cell cloning technology. (er-journal.com)
The REVLIMID knowledge exhibits that response following autologous stem cell transplant is significantly longer with REVLIMID upkeep therapy. (page.tl)
Normally, the embryo comes into being through sexual conception, in which the female egg cell is fertilized by a male sperm cell. (actionlife.org)
Using affinity purification-mass spectrometry and global phosphoproteomic and protein abundance analyses using three IAV strains (pH1N1, H3N2, H5N1) in three human cell types (A549, NHBE, THP-1), we map 332 IAV-human protein-protein interactions and identify 13 IAV-modulated kinases. (cdc.gov)

This would have been the first major breakthrough in human cloning. (wikipedia.org)
Maybe a reputable scientist somewhere had announced a breakthrough and her lab was filled with human livers, kidneys and hearts, all ready to be shipped to willing donors. (wtnnews.com)
A story in News.Com.Au-which runs stories from several Australian newspapers celebrates the cloning breakthrough because it means no embryos are used in the process! (nationalrighttolifenews.org)

The use of the technique of nuclear transfer for reproduction of human beings is surrounded by strong ethical concerns and controversies and is considered a threat to human dignity. (who.int)
General Assembly the adoption of a declaration on human cloning by which Member States were called upon to prohibit all forms of human cloning inasmuch as they are incompatible with human dignity and the protection of human life. (who.int)
This technique is surrounded by strong ethical concerns and is considered a threat to human dignity. (who.int)
According to the Ashʿari theological school the concept of goodness, badness and human dignity is based on the understanding of religious Scriptures and not discovered by human reasoning. (freeislamicwill.com)

Pig heart valves have been used successfully for decades in humans. (er-journal.com)
They have successfully made several generations of clones and all mice seem normal. (cshl.edu)

The possibilities of human cloning have raised controversies. (wikipedia.org)

What is the legal status of a cloned person who has no parents, guardians or advocates? (wnd.com)
Some of the advocates of human GE say it's no more than a logical outcome of our consumerist economic system. (wordsontheweb.com)
He presents what he calls 'Germinal Choice Technologies' as consumer issues, which is the common line among advocates of Human GE. (wordsontheweb.com)
Why do advocates of Human GE think this is plausible? (wordsontheweb.com)

T cruzi infection in humans occurs in a spotty distribution throughout the range of the sylvatic cycle. (medscape.com)

Ethical issues common to human neural organoids, transplants, and chimeras include (1) the ethical value of relieving human suffering and disease, (2) concerns about encroachment on divine roles, and (3) ethical issues related to human donors of biological materials. (nationalacademies.org)

When the cloning process is used in this way, to produce a living duplicate of an existing animal, it is commonly called reproductive cloning. (eurostemcell.org)
This process allows people to clone living things of any sort. (bartleby.com)
After that, the question becomes not whether to clone, but what to do with the embryo that was created through the cloning process. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
Based on all the discussion, it may sound like cloning, human or otherwise, is an easy process. (cshl.edu)
Find out what is actually involved in the cloning process by viewing our short animation. (cshl.edu)
The process has been rife with delay, people caught within human rights complaints usually feel like they're lost in some kind of Kafkaesque nightmare. (lifesitenews.com)

In sexual reproduction, clones are created when a fertilized egg splits to produce identical (monozygous) twins with identical genomes. (who.int)

Chapter 2 presents the science behind these models and describes the challenges of measuring and monitoring such characteristics and capacities in human neural organoids, transplants, and chimeras. (nationalacademies.org)
What happens when the latest and greatest in medical science comes at the expense of another human life? (flfamily.org)
Though the science of cloning presents opportunity to exploit and devalue human life, it may, on the other hand, provide the means to alleviate significant human suffering in a way that upholds the sanctity of human life. (reasons.org)
Modern genetics and technological aids to human reproduction, like other advances in science and technology, have created ethical problems heretofore unencountered. (encyclopedia.com)
The ability to create a clone used to be science fiction. (cshl.edu)
Dr. Irving, whose Ph.D. included a doctoral concentration in secular bioethics at the world's foremost bioethics institute, noted that the bill was poorly prepared using faulty science and lacking basic definitions necessary to have the law actually ban cloning as it claims it does. (lifesitenews.com)
David Michael Rorvik is a science journalist who publicized advancements in the field of reproductive medicine during the late twentieth century. (asu.edu)
Cloning humans is an idea that has always been thought of as something that could be found in science fiction novels, but never as a concept that society could actually experience. (benjaminbarber.org)
Bizarre ideas about cloning lie in many science fiction books and scare the public with their unbelievable possibilities. (benjaminbarber.org)

7. "[footnote 16]: The cloning procedure supplies the oocyte with a complete set of chromosomes, all of which are contained in the nucleus which is transferred into the denucleated oocyte. (lifeissues.net)

More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring. (wikiquote.org)

3. Creating awareness among ministries of health in the African Region will provide them with critical and relevant information on the reproductive cloning of human beings and its implications to the health status of the general population. (who.int)
The Ethical Debate Concerning Cloning In the year that has elapsed since the announcement of Dolly's birth, there has been much discussion of the ethical implications of cloning humans. (bartleby.com)
This entry addresses these philosophical concerns as well as the more widely discussed ethical implications of contemporary genetics and reproductive technologies. (encyclopedia.com)

1. Cloning is an umbrella term traditionally used to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. (who.int)
But one researcher in the anti-ageing field believe we could get there - or at least extend human lives beyond the current biological boundaries - without any miracle pill or injection. (ndriromaric.com)

Human adenovirus type 4 (HAdV-4) is most commonly isolated in military settings. (cdc.gov)

When a couple has identical twins (or identical triplets, etc.), the children are clones of one another. (cshl.edu)

Rates of HCV acute and chronic infections (referred hereinafter as HCV infections) have been steadily increasing in the United States since 2010, with rates of acute infections more than tripling among reproductive-aged persons as of 2021, from 0.8 to 2.5 per 100,000 population among persons aged 20-29 years and from 0.6 to 3.5 among persons aged 30-39 years ( 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)

3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)
More than 100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone. (wikiquote.org)

CONCLUSION: The incidence of busulfan-related secondary malignancies is low, and likely to be substantially less than 1% in pediatric transplant recipients, especially those receiving busulfan monotherapy for nonmalignant conditions other than SCD. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy21

Organisms21

Diseases38

Chemicals and Drugs41

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment87

Phenomena and Processes42

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Information Science8

Named Groups2

Health Care31

Geographicals2

Therapeutic31

Blastocyst7

Dolly12

Embryos for research3

Organs20

Scientists25

Recombinant DNA techno2

Stem cell transplants2

Surrogate mother1

SCNT8

Pigs1

Organisms7

Ethically4

Researchers8

Developing human embryos1

Tissue5

Cows1

Unethical3

Ethics4

Create an embryo1

Cells44

Adult5

Organism9

Gene6

Essay1

Idea of clonin2

Sheep2

Research19

Species3

Embryonic stem cell1

Fetal3

Grown1

Living human embryo3

Possibility7

Naturally2

Vitro4

Genetically identical to another1

Fertilization2

Animals13

Moral6

Cell11

Breakthrough3

Dignity4

Successfully2

Controversies1

Advocates4

Occurs1

Donors1

Process6

Genomes1

Science9

Oocyte1

Attempts fail1

Implications3

Biological2

Commonly1

Identical twins1

20211

Nuclear2

Recipients1