• Organic aerosols -- such as those released in cooking -- may stay in the atmosphere for several days, because of nanostructures formed by fatty acids as they are released into the air. (sciencedaily.com)
  • By identifying the nanostructure of molecules emitted during cooking that slows down the break-up of organic aerosols, it becomes possible to model how they are transported and dispersed into the atmosphere. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We show that the presence of NO x alone should not much affect the mass yields of secondary organic aerosols. (copernicus.org)
  • Improving the understanding of the gas/particle partitioning behaviour of organic aerosols in different environmental conditions Theme: Basic processes Start date: Cohort 1: 2019 Supervisors: Prof Jonathan Reid (Bristol) and Dr David Topping (Manchester). (aerosol-cdt.ac.uk)
  • These include during aerosol generating procedures in clinical settings … Certain behaviours, such as singing and shouting, could also increase the force and range of spread of both large and small particles,' the guidance states. (racgp.org.au)
  • The growth behaviour of TiO2 particles which has significant influence on their crystallinity and surface area, has been controlled by varying the process parameters and selecting suitable flame configurations. (cuvillier.de)
  • By combining laboratory and computational studies the researchers established that harmful, reactive materials may be shielded inside aerosol particles and underneath highly viscous (honey-like) shells, potentially extending the atmospheric residence times and thus their reach from the emission source of the otherwise short-lived species. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • in contrast, an aerosol is a suspension of fine particles of liquid, solid or both in a gas. (bmj.com)
  • Increasing awareness that structures and attributes on a nanometre scale within aerosol particles may play a significant role in determining their behaviour has highlighted the need for suitable single ultrafine particle analysis methods. (cdc.gov)
  • By adopting technologies developed within complementary disciplines, together with the development of aerosol-specific methods, a basis for characterizing single sub-100 nm ( ultrafine ) particles and features in terms of size, morphology, topology, composition, structure and physicochemical properties is established. (cdc.gov)
  • Developments in aerosol mass spectrometry are providing the means for chemically characterizing size-segregated ultrafine particles down to 10 nm in diameter on-line. (cdc.gov)
  • Imaging methods such as atomic force microscopy and near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) offer novel and exciting possibilities for the characterization of specific aerosols. (cdc.gov)
  • We are at the forefront when it comes to exposure/emission characterization with advanced state-of-the-art online and offline instrumentation, such as time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry and electron microscopy. (lu.se)
  • The first attempt at producing the photocatalysts involved the synthesis of pure TiO2 nanoparticles by a flame aerosol process. (cuvillier.de)
  • Change text from 2019 to 2023: we know more about masks, and one priority for the game would be to look at Aerosol pandemic/Needs and Systems , and UV. (appropedia.org)
  • Professor Christian Pfrang from the University of Birmingham who led the work said: "Aerosols are commonly created by everyday activities such as cooking and cleaning, and with modern life seeing people spending on average 90% of their time indoors there is an urgent need to understand how indoor aerosols are processed. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Lead author Dr Christian Pfrang, of the University of Birmingham's School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, said: "Cooking aerosols account for up to 10 per cent of particulate matter (PM) emissions in the UK. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We show in a more general framework that the physical manifestations of the aerial trails are inconsistent with ice-crystal contrails, but entirely consistent with aerosol particulate trails. (nyhetsspeilet.no)
  • Both the particulate and gas phases are mixtures of chemical substances in e-cigarette aerosols. (bmj.com)
  • New modelling approaches including models with fully coupled atmosphere, vegetation and soil matrices led to improved interpretations of the spectral and spatio-temporal variability of RS signals including those of atmospheric aerosols and water vapour. (copernicus.org)
  • In the study, published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, they were able to analyse the particular molecular properties that control how rapidly aerosol emissions can be broken down in the atmosphere. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We exploit powerful light sources such as infrared, visible and ultraviolet lasers, or the Australian Synchrotron's infrared beamline, to study molecules relevant to pharmaceutics, atmospheric and aerosol chemistry and even the interstellar medium. (edu.au)
  • Research led by the University of Birmingham has found that hazardous chemicals commonly encountered in aerosols, such as those produced by cooking and cleaning, can be 'protected' in 3D structures formed by surfactants, causing them to last longer in the air. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Our complex multi-scale experimental studies intimately linked to tailored computational modelling indicate that these surfactant structures may offer an effective shield for harmful chemicals common in aerosols which could persist in the atmosphere for longer and travel much further. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • We know that aerosols contribute to air pollution and can have a negative impact on human health, and these findings indicate that we are breathing in more harmful chemicals for longer than we have previously thought, especially after cooking and cleaning. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Objective To review the available evidence evaluating the chemicals in refill solutions, cartridges, aerosols and environmental emissions of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). (bmj.com)
  • Heated tobacco products, also known as 'heat-not-burn' products, produce aerosols containing nicotine and other chemicals, which are inhaled by users. (tobaccoinaustralia.org.au)
  • The behaviour of aerosol tile flushing effects sildenafil side toxic chemicals and radionucleotides. (stonecottagegardens.com)
  • A particle formation mechanism of SnO2/TiO2 composites is proposed based on the single component aerosol formation. (cuvillier.de)
  • Aerosol spectra can reveal diagnostic information about particle size, temperature and the physical phase as well as provide fundamental optical constants needed to quantify scattering and absorption of radiation. (edu.au)
  • He studies the mathematics of collective animal behaviour, social dynamics and mathematical biology. (lu.se)
  • David is the author of S occermatics and Outnumbered, which have been translated into ten languages, and Collective Animal Behaviour , the leading text in the academic field he helped create. (lu.se)
  • Population balance model (PBM) has been widely used to describe the processes involving dynamical behaviour of population properties. (hindawi.com)
  • By identifying the processes which control how these aerosols are transformed in the atmosphere, scientists will be able to better understand and predict their impact on the environment and the climate. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Including the modification of aerosol fields by cloud microphysical processes in the simulations improves the match to observed cloud-base CDNC, increases the CDNC variability and leads to a larger decrease of CDNC with height above cloud base. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • However, the precipitation response of the deeper mixed-phase clouds along well established convergence lines suggest that when clouds begin to interact with the pre-existing thermodynamic environment and modifications to the cloud field structure occur, i.e., processes other than microphysics effect the cloud evolution, and the precipitation behaviour can be opposite to predictions from parcel models. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • Results The levels of nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), aldehydes, metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), flavours, solvent carriers and tobacco alkaloids in e-cigarette refill solutions, cartridges, aerosols and environmental emissions vary considerably. (bmj.com)
  • In our aerosol lab facilities we can study mechanisms of emissions and dispersion in a highly controlled environment. (lu.se)
  • Co-author Dr Adam Squires, of the University of Bath, said: "We're increasingly finding out how molecules like these fatty acids from cooking can organise themselves into bilayers and other regular shapes and stacks within aerosol droplets that float in the air, and how this completely changes how fast they degrade, how long they persist in the atmosphere, and how they affect pollution and weather. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In low- and middle-income countries in particular, more than half of the countries offered only urgent or emergency care, as well as avoiding aerosol generating procedures (AGPs). (who.int)
  • Secondary infection of the lungs results in generation of infectious aerosols, which pose a significant hazard to close contacts. (mdpi.com)
  • The hood provides a physical barrier to droplet spread, and the ventilation system is designed to induce negative-pressure within the hood to reduce aerosol spread of COVID-19 or other infectious diseases. (who.int)
  • Colloids include a variety of complex materials, eg liquids in liquids (emulsions), solids in liquids (dispersions), liquids in gases (aerosols or foams), solid dispersions and biosystems, where the interactions between phases and at interfaces are dominant aspects of the system's behaviour. (rsc.org)
  • That's because of the diverse range of molecules found within aerosols, and their varying interactions with the environment. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Aerosol-cloud interactions in mixed-phase convective clouds. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • Aerosol-cloud interactions in mixed-phase convective clouds - Part 1: Aerosol perturbations. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • Experts at the Universities of Birmingham and Bath have used instruments at the Diamond Light Source and the Central Laser Facility, both based at the Harwell Campus in Oxford, to probe the behaviour of thin films of oleic acid -- an unsaturated fatty acid commonly released when cooking. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Oleic acid is known to self-organise into a range of 3D nanostructures, some of which are highly viscous and can delay the ageing and thus the breakdown of key chemical components in aerosols. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Highly oxygenated organic molecules are important contributors to secondary organic aerosol. (copernicus.org)
  • Laser-based gas phase spectroscopy, combined with ab initio calculations, generates precise molecular structural information on molecules such as neurotransmitters that provide a rigorous platform for understanding their behaviour and, ultimately, rationalising drug design. (edu.au)
  • Not all atoms or molecules have this kind of behaviour when irradiated. (lu.se)
  • an airflow sensor or a physical power button activates a battery that powers an atomizer to produce an aerosol from liquid containing nicotine and flavourings. (bmj.com)
  • 2 Following a puff, the aerosol is delivered into the user's mouth and lungs by inhalation, after which the remaining aerosol is exhaled into the environment. (bmj.com)
  • Transmission to humans occurs primarily through inhalation of aerosols from contaminated soil or animal waste. (medscape.com)
  • After the sea breeze convergence zone is established, accumulated precipitation from the on average deeper and wider clouds increases with aerosol concentrations as long as cloud top heights are not limited by an upper level stable layer. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • There is debate whether the presence of nitrogen oxides reduces or increases secondary aerosol formation. (copernicus.org)
  • This risk was also raised at some stage in Germany, because of the fear that this technique would generate bio-aerosol drops, which could promote virus spread. (springer.com)
  • HTPs typically heat tobacco to generate an aerosol that is inhaled. (drugsandalcohol.ie)
  • The charged aerosol detector (CAD) is the latest representative of aerosol-based detectors that generate a response independent of the analytes' chemical structure. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Considering both experimental conditions and molecular descriptors, a mixed quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) The charged aerosol detector (CAD) is the latest representative of aerosol-based detectors that generate a response independent of the analytes' chemical structure. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Results: Radiometric solar irradiance spectra data that included the transit of a typical tropospheric aerosol trail between radiometer-sensor and the solar disc showed significant absorption during the transit period. (nyhetsspeilet.no)
  • Aerosols impact earth's climate both directly through absorption and reflection of light, and indirectly by hosting chemical reactions and influencing cloud formation. (edu.au)
  • 11th Oct 2007, Derbyshire UK - Following the submission of a report, backed by over 20 signatories from diverse backgrounds, detailing widespread illegal and unacknowledged aerosol spraying from aircraft, new FOI requests to UK agencies concerning significant air traffic pollution on 10th June 2005 and 4th Feb 2007 have yielded no answers. (checktheevidence.com)
  • Deliberate air pollution in the form of undisclosed tropospheric aerosol geoengineering(TAG)has extremely damaging effects throughout the biosphere. (nyhetsspeilet.no)
  • Aerosol generated from an e-cigarette is commonly but inaccurately referred to as 'vapour. (bmj.com)
  • Aerosol size distribution measurements from 0.03 µm to 25 µm diameter were taken at ambient humidity aboard the German research vessel, FS-Polarstern, during a transect from Bremerhaven in northern Germany, to Cape Town in South Africa across latitudes 53°32' N to 33°55' S, denoted cruise number ANT XXI/1. (copernicus.org)
  • A new technique to determine the errors associated with aerosol size distribution measurements using Poisson statistics has been applied to the dataset, providing a tool to determine the necessary sample or averaging times for correct interpretation of such data. (copernicus.org)
  • We therefore investigated the mechanisms by which saline nasal spray/irrigation or aerosol may limit SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and spread. (springer.com)
  • Participants also manipulated language to suit their circumstances and manage their identity, whereas some IQOS users embraced the terms smoking and smoker, most were eager to distinguish between using IQOS and being labelled a smoker because of the associated negative connotations and to align with perceptions of IQOS use as a better, less harmful behaviour. (drugsandalcohol.ie)
  • E-cigarette aerosol can contain harmful and potentially harmful substances (8). (cdc.gov)
  • Its use as aerosol reduces hospitalization rates for bronchiolitis in children. (springer.com)
  • Recently, a new generation of collisional cooling cell designed by one of our collaborators (Sigurd Bauerecker) has created possibilities for studying aerosols generated by pulsed sequences of injections. (edu.au)
  • Associate Professor Jane Munro, member of the Victorian Healthcare Infection Prevention and Wellbeing Taskforce, told newsGP the ICEG's recognition of aerosol transmission is a step in the right direction, but pointed out it is not always possible to assess aerosol risk accurately. (racgp.org.au)
  • Adult patients of at least 18 years, presenting to the ED, who are suspected or a respiratory infection that warrants the use of droplet and/or aerosol precautions. (who.int)
  • Conclusions Additional studies based on knowledge of e-cigarette user behaviours and scientifically validated aerosol generation and chemical analysis methods would be helpful in generating reliable measures of chemical quantities. (bmj.com)
  • These types of aerosols have long been associated with poor air quality in urban areas, but their impact on human-made climate change is hard to gauge. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Recent experiments explored increasingly complex mixtures of surfactants to establish the impact of a broad range of aerosol components encountered in the air. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • We believe that direct monitoring of the wild mosquito populations gives a realistic assessment of the impact of treatments and suggest that the lack of efficacy is due to lack of interaction between the target mosquitoes and the ULV aerosol. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is not always possible to assess aerosol risk accurately. (racgp.org.au)
  • Finding accurate ways to predict their behaviour will give us much more precise ways to also assess their contribution to climate change. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In this cross-sectional study we used unique methods to assess Tehran dentists' knowledge, attitude and behaviour regarding HBV. (who.int)
  • In the present study, we report the first comparison between the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Ångström exponent (AE) of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments on the Terra (AOD t ) and Aqua (AOD a ) satellites and those measured using a sun photometer (AOD SP ) at Camagüey, Cuba, for the period 2008 to 2014. (copernicus.org)
  • The tribo‐electric effect of insulator‐metal contacts is a complex phenomenon that still lacks sufficient scientific understanding Therefore, this study aimed to examine the charging behaviour of two different capsule materials, which are lubricated with three different substances, during capsule filling at two different relative humidities (RH) and filling speeds. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Changes induced by perturbed aerosol conditions in moderately deep (cloud top at about 5 km) mixed-phase convective clouds developing along sea-breeze convergence lines are investigated with high-resolution numerical model simulations (grid spacing of 250 m). (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • Deputy Chief Medical Officer Dr Nick Coatsworth also recently came under fire on Twitter after suggesting health authorities had recognised aerosol transmission since July, with a number of people calling on the ICEG to update its guidance for healthcare workers to reflect the threat posed by aerosols. (racgp.org.au)
  • Above 0.5 µm, there is indication of a limit to the mechanical generation of marine aerosol over the range of wind speeds observed (~1.7-14.7 m s −1 ). (copernicus.org)
  • Methods applied for the generation and chemical analyses of aerosols differ across studies. (bmj.com)
  • This is important as secondary aerosols have cooling effects in the climate system but also constitute a health risk in populated areas. (copernicus.org)
  • A comparison between broadband aerosol optical depth (BAOD), derived from broadband pyrheliometer observations at the Camagüey site and three other meteorological stations in Cuba, and AOD observations from MODIS on board Terra and Aqua show a poor correlation with slopes below 0.4 for both algorithms. (copernicus.org)
  • They found that surfactants can organise themselves into different kinds of 3D structures when mixed with other aerosol components found in the atmosphere. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • The simulations utilise the newly developed Cloud-AeroSol Interacting Microphysics module (CASIM) for the Unified Model, which allows for the representation of the two-way interaction between cloud and aerosol fields. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • This would allow comparisons of e-cigarette aerosol and traditional smoke constituent levels and would inform an evaluation of the toxicity potential of e-cigarettes. (bmj.com)
  • Dans un deuxième temps, les dentistes ont été interrogés sur leurs connaissances en matière d'hépatite B et leur attitude vis-à-vis des patients infectés par le virus. (who.int)
  • PR Leap) 11th Oct 2007 - An independent lay researcher, with a background in Software Engineering, from Derbyshire, UK, has continued to try and draw attention to the issue of ongoing illegal aerosol spraying activities which could be affecting our climate, our health or both. (checktheevidence.com)
  • In many countries, ultra-low volume (ULV) insecticidal aerosols dispensed from vehicle-mounted cold-foggers, widely used to combat nuisance species, are considered the method of choice during public health emergencies [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • But drug use quickly can become a habit and start to affect your general health, work, behaviour, and relationships. (alberta.ca)
  • Aerosols can be carried over long distances of tens or even hundreds of kilometres by wind before they settle on the ground or water surface. (springer.com)