Behavior larval fish. Medical search. Frequent questions

Lastly, no other fish species or banded pygmy sunfish larvae were found in the stomach contents. (wikipedia.org)
During embryonic development, abalones undergo a series of distinct larval stages, including swimming veliger larvae, juveniles, and mature individuals, and their biomolecular composition varies depending on the developmental stage. (hindawi.com)
Imaging freely moving or semi-restrained model organisms like C. elegans, drosophila larvae, and larval zebra fish is useful for many studies. (asiimaging.com)
Populations have been introduced into southern Arizona through the human use of larvae as fish bait. (amphibiaweb.org)
Often larvae are used as fish bait, thus commercial bait collectors have introduced non-native subspecies into some western regions of the US. (amphibiaweb.org)
To understand where significant sources of rockfish larvae are most likely to help increase explored larval dispersal patterns. (noaa.gov)
Green BS, Fisher R (2004) Temperature influences swimming speed, growth and larval duration in coral reef fish larvae. (springer.com)
Houde ED (1989) Comparative growth, mortality, and energetics of marine fish larvae-temperature and implied latitudinal effects. (springer.com)
The model was verified by converting particle ages to larval lengths and comparing these lengths to lengths of larvae in net catches. (usgs.gov)
Locomotor behavior in zebrafish larvae is controlled by neuronal circuits that are established through genetic interactions during development. (nih.gov)
Insights into the function of brainstem circuits in health and disease have come from genetic manipulation of neurons in zebrafish larvae, in combination with computational analysis of behavior. (nih.gov)
Behavior in larvae is innate and therefore exhibits minimal variability between fish. (nih.gov)
Larvae in freshwater are eaten by tiny crustaceans (also known as copepods, tiny crustaceans of the genus Cyclops ), which are in turn eaten by other animals, such as freshwater fish, eels, frogs, birds, and reptiles. (medscape.com)
Larvae penetrate the gastric wall of the copepods, migrate through the body cavity, and mature into second stage and early third stage larval forms. (medscape.com)
The copepods are then ingested by second-intermediate hosts (fish, frogs, snakes, eels, chicken, pigs), in which the larvae again penetrate the gastric wall, migrate into muscle tissue, and mature into advanced third-stage larvae before encysting there. (medscape.com)
Humans become infected when they ingest third-stage larvae in raw or undercooked flesh of freshwater fish or other definitive hosts or when they drink, work in, or bathe in freshwater contaminated with larvae or infected copepods. (medscape.com)

The study confirms laboratory experiments showing that the behavior of reef fishes can be seriously affected by increased carbon dioxide concentrations in the ocean. (wattsupwiththat.com)
Carr MH, Hixon MA (1995) Predation effects on early postsettlement survivorship of coral reef fishes. (springer.com)
Doherty PJ, Sale PF (1986) Predation on juvenile coral reef fishes-an exclusion experiment. (springer.com)
These results suggest that changes in foraging behaviors caused by the interactive effects of increased SST and CO₂ could have significant effects on the growth and survival of juvenile reef fishes by late century. (edu.au)

However, researchers Hay, Jordan, and Gilbert thought that the banded pygmy sunfish was actually an intermediate species of fish between the pirate perch and the centrarchid family of fishes. (wikipedia.org)
Very few fish species can survive in this hypoxic condition. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, the human development of wetland habitat not only affects Elassomatidae, but several other species of fish and insects, as well. (wikipedia.org)
Treasurer, J.W. Cleaner fish species nutrition and feeding practices. (crossref.org)
Impacts of subchronic exposure to a commercial 2,4-D herbicide on developmental stages of multiple freshwater fish species. (wisc.edu)
2016). Furthermore, determining the sex in many reef fish species is difficult, although apparent morphological features such as colour, size and body shape can be used for identifying the gender of some species (Baensch & Tamaru 2009b;Leu et al. (researchgate.net)
In teleosts, studies of isotocin (IT), a homolog of OT, have been primarily focused on social behaviors, including social decision-making and anxiety behaviors in mosquitofish ( Gambusia affinis ) ( 6 ), paternal care and social class in cichlid fish species ( 7 - 9 ) and territory defense, egg care and courtship behaviors in three-spined stickleback ( Gasterosteus aculeatus ) ( 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
Welcome to our comprehensive guide on sheepshead, a unique and intriguing fish species found in various parts of the world. (euark.com)
Sheepshead, scientifically known as Archosargus probatocephalus, is a popular saltwater fish species belonging to the family Sparidae. (euark.com)
Sheepshead exhibit distinct physical features that set them apart from other fish species. (euark.com)
To test whether larval dispersal patterns explained the differences in population structure between the two species. (noaa.gov)
Understanding the potential larval dispersal pathways within and across management boundaries informs spatial management and recovery of important and protected species. (noaa.gov)
We then establish the laterality of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs, allowing comparison of vestibulospinal circuit architecture in larval zebrafish to other vertebrate species. (eneuro.org)
Decoding the signals behind this process may illuminate how biological sex and internal states influence behavior in other species of animals. (elifesciences.org)
Under its land grant mission, the UA is tasked with research aimed to learn how the fish might be propagated in captivity and what factors may threaten their survival as a species. (scienceblog.com)
CoML's analytical methods include mining records that show how many fish have been caught, developing Internet-based databases and maps of ocean species and their distributions, and designing computer models that can predict species populations based on ocean conditions. (dtmag.com)
In addition, Gnathostoma species commonly cause a parasitic eosinophilic meningitis, due to larval migration into the CNS. (medscape.com)

Instead, they transport these fish back to the the mobile lab (on a boat), perform experiments, and assume there is no difference in the environment that may contribute to behavioral differences. (wattsupwiththat.com)
Example applications include behavioral genetics, linking neuronal activities with behaviors, and probing responsive to stimuli. (asiimaging.com)
Our research involves gathering large behavioral and neural activity data sets in behaving larval zebrafish. (osu.edu)
We exposed larval newts, Triturus pygmaeus, to chemical cues from predator larval beetles or to alarm cues from conspecific larval newts and examined the behavioral changes of larval newts. (sagepub.com)
We then construct probabilistic models-specifically, marked renewal processes-to evaluate how bout types and interbout intervals are selected by the fish as a function of its internal hunger state, behavioral history, and the locations and properties of nearby prey. (janelia.org)
Sibling fish were reared for 21 days from the end of their larval phase in each of the nine treatments, at which time behavioral observations were conducted. (edu.au)
We use two major behavioral paradigms to investigate the neuronal basis of vertebrate behavior: modulation of the acoustic startle response by prepulse inhibition and modulation of the locomotor repertoire during a phototaxis-based navigational task. (nih.gov)
In addition, we are developing a suite of genetic tools and behavioral assays to probe the nexus between neuronal function and behavior at single-cell resolution. (nih.gov)

OT injection in killifish ( Fundulus heteroclitus ) and seurukan fish ( Osteochilus vittatus ) induces the spawning reflex ( 11 , 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
University of Arizona researchers were able to catch the event on cameras installed above and below the water's surface to monitor the fish's spawning behavior. (scienceblog.com)
Captive Reproductive Behavior, Spawning, and Early Development of White-Barred Goby Amblygobius phalaena (Valenciennes, 1837) and Examined Larval Survival and Viability at Different Water Temperatures and Salinities. (organismnames.com)

2019. "Predation strategies of larval clownfish capturing evasive copepod prey. (uwm.edu)
Several recently discovered examples reveal how lunar light influences lion prey behavior, dung beetle navigation, fish growth, mass migrations and even birdsong. (sciencenews.org)
The Wedge-tailed Shearwater's most frequent feeding behavior is 'contact dipping,' when a flying bird thrusts its head and neck into the water, grabbing live prey, including larval forms of goatfish, flying fish, mackerel scad, squirrelfish, and flying squid. (abcbirds.org)
However, because antipredatory behavior can be costly, prey responses should depend on the current level of risk that each predator poses, which may depend on the type of chemical cues detected. (sagepub.com)
Vision is linked to survival in many marine animals, particularly among the crustaceans, cephalopods and fish, and early life stages of these groups rely on vision for prey capture, predator detection and their distribution in the water column. (biologists.com)
Mysid shrimps, larval fish, small crustaceans, and other invertebrates constitute the prey of these marine fishes. (worldatlas.com)
Many fish, sea birds, and marine mammals regularly prey on krill. (encyclopedia.com)

Could Larval Dispersal Explain Population Structure? (noaa.gov)
In this project, we wanted to quantify the relative connectivity, pathways and settlement locations of Yelloweye and Canary rockfish larval dispersal among basins in the Puget Sound region (Fig. 1). (noaa.gov)
These results suggest larval dispersal may explain the lack of population structure observed in Canary Rockfish. (noaa.gov)
A hydrodynamic model with particle tracking was used to create individual-based simulations to describe larval fish dispersal through the restored Williamson River Delta and into Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. (usgs.gov)
Once particles entered the lake, transport was a function of current speed and whether behavior enhanced transport (swimming aligned with currents) or countered transport through greater dispersal (faster random swimming). (usgs.gov)
The simulations also highlight additional biological questions, such as the extent to which spatially heterogeneous mortality or fish behavior and environmental cues could interact with wind-driven currents and contribute to patterns of dispersal. (usgs.gov)

Polychaetes are highly vulnerable to predators including fish and other invertebrates. (hindawi.com)
1980. Toxicity and bioaccumulation of endrin and methoxychlor in aquatic invertebrates and fish. (cdc.gov)

AVT functions in various adaptive behaviors are similar to those of IT. (frontiersin.org)
Our lab is interested in how brains represent the environment and how they use computational strategies to transform sensation into adaptive behaviors. (osu.edu)

Oxytocin, the 'love' hormone commonly associated with mother-child bonding and romance, has long been studied in association with social behaviors. (utah.edu)

The cycle also depends upon the abundance of suitable fish hosts to complete the mussel's larval development. (encyclopedia.com)
We will know better how changes in the abundance of ocean life are shifting among major groups: Are jellies replacing fishes? (dtmag.com)

This PR claim from the Georgia Institute of Technology Fish from acidic ocean waters less able to smell predators smells fishy to me. (wattsupwiththat.com)
Then there's the most obvious question they didn't ask: if CO2 affects the fish behavior so poorly, making them more susceptible to predators how is it that they observe "Contrary to expectations, fish diversity and community structure differed little between CO 2 seeps and nearby control reefs. (wattsupwiththat.com)
Wouldn't that mean the fish were conditioned by their lower predator environment to be less afraid of predators to start with and CO2 may not play a role at all? (wattsupwiththat.com)
Flushed by tuna, dolphinfish, or other predators looming below, small fish and squid pop to the surface, only to succumb to surface-feeding seabirds. (abcbirds.org)
To avoid costs of unnecessary antipredatory behaviors, larval newts may benefit by avoiding only predators that represent a current high level of threat, showing only antipredatory responses when they detect conspecific alarm cues indicating that an actual predatory attack has occurred. (sagepub.com)
Tadpoles exhibited innate responses to fish predators, but not non-fish predators, even though two non-fish predators (newt and crayfish) consumed the most tadpoles. (peerj.com)
At 4 d postfertilization (dpf), larval zebrafish maintain a dorsal-up stable roll posture to navigate in the water column, find food, and avoid predators. (eneuro.org)

His savvy use of laser beams, animated GIFs files and high-magnification equipment has allowed him to track and compare the behavior of copepods, the main constituent of zooplankton. (uwm.edu)
2019. "Predatory posture and performance in a precocious larval fish targeting evasive copepods. (uwm.edu)
Among the echinoderms, sea urchins have physical defenses (i.e., test, spines) and that makes them suitable to harbour and protect marine organisms such as molluscs, shrimps, crabs, polychaetes, copepods, and fish [ 7 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)

Poor handling practices, disease and stress during shipment further lead to high post-harvest mortality of marine ornamental fish (Rubec 1986;Rubec et al. (researchgate.net)
Caselle JE (1999) Early post-settlement mortality in a coral reef fish and its effect on local population size. (springer.com)
Gagliano M, McCormick MI, Meekan MG (2007a) Survival against the odds: ontogenetic changes in selective pressure mediate growth-mortality trade-offs in a marine fish. (springer.com)

Neuroendocrine regulation of diverse behaviors of Caenorhabditis elegans is under the control of the DAF-7/TGF-β ligand that is secreted from sensory neurons. (elifesciences.org)
Here, we show that C. elegans males exhibit an altered, male-specific expression pattern of daf-7 in the ASJ sensory neuron pair with the onset of reproductive maturity, which functions to promote male-specific mate-searching behavior. (elifesciences.org)
Our results suggest that regulation of gene expression in sensory neurons can function in the integration of a wide array of sensory information and facilitate decision-making behaviors in C. elegans . (elifesciences.org)
It is also possible to analyze the underlying factors that contribute to behavior in C. elegans , because it has a relatively simple and well-defined nervous system. (elifesciences.org)

Larval pelagic phase is long (Ref. 71843 ). (mnhn.fr)
Otolith analysis was used to quantify mean larval and juvenile growth rates, pelagic larval duration (PLD), and settlement size and condition of different age classes to identify the traits most important for survival. (springer.com)

In this study, two passive sampling methods were compared for use in collecting larval freshwater and estuarine fishes in two tropical streams. (bioone.org)
Angie Hoover wants to know how large freshwater pulses and other environmental stressors affect the diet, growth, and condition of larval fishes. (gulfresearchinitiative.org)

Motivated by recent work, we set out to verify and extend the characterization of vestibulospinal neurons in the larval zebrafish. (eneuro.org)
Using current-clamp recordings together with stimulation, we observed that larval zebrafish vestibulospinal neurons are silent at rest, yet capable of sustained spiking following depolarization. (eneuro.org)
We conclude that imbalance sensed by the utricular otolith shapes the responses of larval zebrafish vestibulospinal neurons through both excitatory and inhibitory inputs. (eneuro.org)
characterized the synaptic inputs and spiking outputs of larval zebrafish vestibulospinal neurons, and proposed a model for this transformation. (eneuro.org)
Defining the properties of synaptic inputs to vestibulospinal neurons is critical to understand how sensed imbalance is transformed into corrective behaviors. (eneuro.org)
These inputs all converge onto a single pair of sensory neurons, which integrate the inputs and enable the worm to assess its current and past experiences and alter its behavior accordingly. (elifesciences.org)
Using calcium imaging, they watched in real-time as the oxytocin neurons of the fish fired. (utah.edu)
The neurons fired before the fish responded with high-angle tail bends and thrashing behavior characteristic of a fleeing response. (utah.edu)
We aim to identify genes and neurons that are required for the construction and function of the brainstem circuits underlying specific behaviors. (nih.gov)
Subtle alterations in behavior can therefore be robustly scored, making it possible to assess quickly the contribution of identified neurons to a variety of motor behaviors. (nih.gov)
Prepontine non-giant neurons drive flexible escape behavior in zebrafish. (nih.gov)

Through machine learning techniques, we use these data to constrain models that try to explain how somatosensory stimuli affect larval zebrafish behavior in a state-dependent manner. (osu.edu)

Pain is a very relatable stimulus, and here we show that the brain circuits involved in controlling pain responses might be more similar between fish and mammals than previously imagined," said Caroline Wee, Ph.D., a research fellow at the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore and first author on the paper. (utah.edu)
We study how neuronal circuits in larval zebrafish produce appropriate motor responses under diverse environmental contexts. (nih.gov)

This stage is followed by larval stages that have thoracic limbs used for swimming. (encyclopedia.com)

Oxytocin (OT) is a crucial regulator of reproductive behaviors, including parturition in mammals. (frontiersin.org)
Other studies suggested that AVT may also regulate sex-related reproductive behaviors. (frontiersin.org)
AVT is important for osmoregulation ( 15 ), and increasing number of neuroanatomical studies reported that AVT is involved in the regulation of sex-related reproductive behavior ( 16 - 18 ). (frontiersin.org)

Courtship behaviour, captive breeding, embryonic and larval developments of Nemateleotris decora and its rearing with suitable live feed were described. (researchgate.net)

Organisms are adept at altering behaviors to balance the tradeoff between foraging and predation risk in spatially and temporally shifting predator environments. (peerj.com)

The new study is the first to analyze the sensory impairment of fish from CO2 seeps, where pH is similar to what climate models forecast for surface waters by the turn of the century. (wattsupwiththat.com)
Animal behavior is directed by the integration of sensory information from internal states and the environment. (elifesciences.org)
Intelligent behavior involves associations between high-dimensional sensory representations and behaviorally relevant qualities such as valence. (janelia.org)
His laboratory now combines genetic and imaging techniques to study neural circuits required for sensory guided behavior in zebrafish. (nih.gov)

The early life history of fishes is a critical period for effective conservation and management, as many processes during this period influence survival and subsequent recruitment to larger size-classes ( Chambers and Trippel 1997 ). (bioone.org)
Bergenius MAJ, Meekan MG, Robertson DR, McCormick MI (2002) Larval growth predicts the recruitment success of a coral reef fish. (springer.com)

Grorud-Colvert K, Sponaugle S (2006) Influence of condition on behavior and survival potential of newly-settled coral reef fish. (springer.com)
Hamilton SL, Regetz J, Warner RR (2008) Postsettlement survival linked to larval life in a marine fish. (springer.com)

To better understand these computations and their implementation in neural circuits, natural behavior must be carefully measured and quantified. (janelia.org)

This is the first book to provide a detailed treatment of the field of larval ecology. (routledge.com)
Written by the leading new scientists in the field, chapters define the current state of larval ecology and outline the important questions for future research. (routledge.com)
Both the individual authors and the editor deserve credit for providing a well-balanced general treatise on larval ecology. (routledge.com)

One problem with ocean acidification research is that it's all laboratory based, or you're testing something that's going to happen in a 100 years with fish that are from the present day, which is not actually accurate. (wattsupwiththat.com)

In teleosts, exogenous administration of AVT to peacock blenny ( Solaria pavo ) induced female courtship behavior and the expression of nuptial coloration ( 19 ). (frontiersin.org)

Here, we could previously show through circuit and artificial neural network modeling how larval zebrafish sense temperature and transform this sensation into behavior to avoid hot waters. (osu.edu)
Water temperature contributed to among-cohort variability in traits as warmer water led to faster larval and juvenile growth and shorter PLDs. (springer.com)
Recent evidence suggests that both increased water temperature and elevated levels of dissolved CO₂ can change the behaviors of fishes in ways that reduce individual fitness, however the interacting effects of these variables are unknown. (edu.au)
While rearing at high temperature (31.5 °C) and control (420 μatm) or moderate (530 μatm) CO₂ resulted in a reduction of food consumption and foraging activity, rearing at high temperature and high CO₂ (960 μatm) resulted in an elevation in these behaviors. (edu.au)

We are interested in reconciling these two functions of oxytocin [pleasure and pain] to explore if there is some overlap between these behaviors and cognitive processes. (utah.edu)
Thus, the oxytocin neural circuit can directly induce pain behavior in larval zebrafish. (utah.edu)

Chambers RC, Miller TJ (1995) Evaluating fish growth by means of otolith increment analysis: special properties of individual-level longitudinal data. (springer.com)
In: Secor DH, Dean JM, Campana SE (eds) Recent developments in fish otolith research. (springer.com)

Our simulations capture multiple timescales of structure in larval zebrafish behavior and expose many ways in which hunger state influences their action selection to promote food seeking during hunger and safety during satiety. (janelia.org)

Results showed that larval newts reduced activity levels when conspecific alarm cues were present but not when the predator cues alone were present. (sagepub.com)

As the waves grew stronger, the fish likely moved into deeper waters," Chaudoin said. (scienceblog.com)

Molecular genetic analysis of the switch-like regulation of daf-7 expression in the ASJ neuron pair reveals a hierarchy of regulation among multiple inputs-sex, age, nutritional status, and microbial environment-which function in the modulation of behavior. (elifesciences.org)

Rimstad, E., Basic, D., Gulla, S., Hjeltnes, B., and Mortensen, S. Report from the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM) 2017:32 Risk Assessment of Fish Health Associated with the Use of Cleaner Fish in Aquaculture Opinion of the Panel on Animal Health and Welfare of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. (crossref.org)

Adult Yelloweye Rockfish prepared for release using descending device attached to weighted fishing line and clipped on fish's lower lip. (noaa.gov)

Frequent loss of low settlement condition individuals and occasional loss of the very highest condition fish suggest that particularly high settlement condition during the warmest temperatures may be detrimental. (springer.com)

Seahorses are small marine fishes from the family Syngnathidae and genus Hippocampus. (worldatlas.com)

Emily Chancellor is applying her engineering and computer science background to a field that inspires her - marine science - focusing on how the oil spill may have impacted larval fish populations. (gulfresearchinitiative.org)
Teams of historians, anthropologists, paleo-oceanographers, and biologists are working together on the History of Marine Animal Populations (HMAP) project to extract population numbers from fishing records, tax and tithe records, ships' logs, and ocean sediment cores, then putting them into a form biologists can use. (dtmag.com)

For example, cyanide is used by collectors in South-East Asian countries to stun fish before capture, but it kills nontargeted marine organisms and remains a threat to the coral reef ecosystem and local food sources (Barber & Pratt 1998;Olivotto et al. (researchgate.net)
Fish living on coral reefs where carbon dioxide seeps from the ocean floor were less able to detect predator odor than fish from normal coral reefs, according to a new study. (wattsupwiththat.com)
Hoey AS, McCormick MI (2004) Selective predation for low body condition at the larval-juvenile transition of a coral reef fish. (springer.com)

0.05) explanatory variables for total larval catch were stream, sampling method, week of summer, time of day, and moon phase. (bioone.org)

Worse, there's no mention of transporting fish caught at a non-bubbling reef back to the mobile lab so that they can perform the same test on them and compare differences if any. (wattsupwiththat.com)
This means that these animals offer the opportunity to explore and understand sex-specific differences in behavior. (elifesciences.org)
Gene editing, followed by phenotyping, for complex traits such as BMD, is beneficial, but the major physiological differences between the fish and mammals must be considered. (bvsalud.org)

Assessment of early life history characteristics requires effective sampling methods for larval fishes. (bioone.org)

Overall, small fish toolkit can provide unmatched opportunities for genetic modifications and morphological investigation as a follow-up to human-first discovery. (bvsalud.org)

Introduction of predatory fish is not well-investigated but could potentially be an important cause of declines. (amphibiaweb.org)
Many predatory fish stretch their jaws every so often, and catching this behavior is somewhat of an obsession for me! (gugunderwater.com)

Cleaner Fish Biology and Aquaculture Applications, 2018. (crossref.org)

Lampreys spend their larval stage within fine sand fluvial sediments, where they burrow and act as filter feeders. (mdpi.com)
These are followed by a larval stage in which the antennae are no longer used for swimming. (encyclopedia.com)
While in their larval stage, larval flounder resemble most other fish in the sense that they have one eye on each side of their head. (gugunderwater.com)
Several distantly-related fish have conspicuous fin "flags" in their larval stage. (gugunderwater.com)

These bony fish lack scales but have a thin skin layer stretching over a series of bony plates. (worldatlas.com)

How would the fishes near CO2 bubbling reefs survive if their predator response was adversely affected. (wattsupwiththat.com)
These results might suggest that larval newts are unable to recognize predator chemicals. (sagepub.com)

He did postdoctoral training with Dr. Michael Granato at the University of Pennsylvania, where he developed computational tools for high throughput analysis of behavior in larval zebrafish. (nih.gov)

As the female fish dig their tails into the sand and release eggs, males wrap around females and release sperm to fertilize those eggs. (sciencenews.org)

Anatomy2

Organisms16

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Psychiatry and Psychology39

Phenomena and Processes7

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science1

Health Care4

Larvae16

Reef fishes4

Species17

Behavioral8

Spawning3

Prey7

Dispersal6

Invertebrates2

Adaptive behaviors2

Social behaviors1

Abundance2

Predators7

Copepods3

Mortality3

Elegans4

Pelagic2

Freshwater2

Neurons11

Stimuli1

Responses2

Stages1

Reproductive3

Embryonic1

Predation risk1

Sensory4

Recruitment2

Survival2

Neural circuits1

Ecology3

Ocean acidification1

Teleosts1

Temperature4

Oxytocin2

Otolith2

Simulations1

Cues1

Waters1

Modulation1

20171

Fish's1

Settlement1

Genus1

Populations2

Coral3

Phase1

Differences3

Life1

Genetic1

Predatory fish2

Aquaculture1

Stage4

Scales1

Predator2

Computational1

Eggs1