• Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), encoded in humans by the BCL2 gene, is the founding member of the Bcl-2 family of regulator proteins that regulate cell death (apoptosis), by either inhibiting (anti-apoptotic) or inducing (pro-apoptotic) apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The pro-apoptotic proteins in the BCL-2 family, including Bax and Bak, normally act on the mitochondrial membrane to promote permeabilization and release of cytochrome c and ROS, that are important signals in the apoptosis cascade. (wikipedia.org)
  • This decreases the propensity of these cells for apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes can be caused by defective apoptosis, which leads to aberrant T cell AICD and defective peripheral tolerance. (wikipedia.org)
  • Due to the fact that dendritic cells are the immune system's most important antigen-presenting cells, their activity must be tightly regulated by mechanisms such as apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Researchers have found that mice containing dendritic cells that are Bim -/-, thus unable to induce effective apoptosis, have autoimmune diseases more so than those that have normal dendritic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bcl-2 deficient mice complete embryonic development but undergo fulminant lymphoid apoptosis of thymus and spleen. (umn.edu)
  • Limiting apoptosis could aid scaling efforts, whereas triggering selective apoptosis in hESCs could eliminate unwanted teratoma-forming cells. (ca.gov)
  • We focus here on the BCL-2 family of proteins, which regulate mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis. (ca.gov)
  • However, compensatory expression of pro-survival BCL-2 family members in hESCs was not observed, suggesting a possible explanation for the elevated rates of apoptosis observed in proliferating hESC cultures, as well as a mechanism that could be exploited to limit hESC-derived neoplasms. (ca.gov)
  • 2 Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2) family of antiapoptotic (bcl-2, bcl-xl, bcl-w and mcl-1) and proapoptotic (bax, bak and bok) proteins are critical regulators of apoptosis in CLL. (haematologica.org)
  • 3 In particular, bcl-2 has emerged as the most important protein in predicting survival in CLL between 11 proteins that are implicated in the control of apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. (haematologica.org)
  • Many of the pro-inflammatory pathways activated during cell death occur upon mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), the pivotal commitment point to cell death during mitochondrial apoptosis. (nature.com)
  • Caspases, while dispensable for cell death during mitochondrial apoptosis, inhibit activation of pro-inflammatory pathways after MOMP. (nature.com)
  • In the complete absence of oxygen, cells undergo cell death through apoptosis, and not necrosis. (nih.gov)
  • This led us to investigate a cell-suicide process called Apoptosis-which has important roles in normal physiology as well as in disease. (gene.com)
  • We have discovered that the key UPR enzyme IRE1 is hijacked by certain cancer cells to avert apoptosis and resist proteotoxic stress. (gene.com)
  • Real-time cell analyzer and flow cytometry data reveal that tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis were impacted by FO. (hindawi.com)
  • KEGG enrichment analysis showed that FO mainly regulates PI3K-AKT- and apoptosis-related signals, in which BBC3, DDIT3, NOXA, and CDKN1A on the surface serve as the novel targets of FO inducing HCC cell apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • The result implied that FO might exacerbate HCC cell apoptosis by regulating BBC3, DDIT3, CDKN1A, and NOXA signals. (hindawi.com)
  • N- trans -Feruloyloctopamine (FO) is the extract of garlic skin, which possesses high antioxidant activity and selectively induces cell apoptosis in leukemia tumors [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • We hypothesized that FO might regulate related genes in apoptosis and PI3K-AKT pathways to mediate the proliferation and apoptosis of liver cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
  • New anticancer therapy strategies refer to the inhibition of CDK-cyclin complexes as an important target to prevent uncontrolled proliferation and induce apoptosis in cancer cells ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Although purvalanol-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death were demonstrated in prostate ( 5 ), breast ( 6 ) and colon cancer cells ( 7 ), the exact molecular mechanism of purvanol-induced apoptosis has not been elucidated yet. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • E4 may protect retinal cells from diabetic attacks by activating GLP-1R, decreasing retinal cell apoptosis, and reducing retinal reactive gliosis. (molvis.org)
  • Because apoptosis and mitochondrial function play an important role in physiology and a number of diseases, intensive investigation over the past two decades has been invested to understand in detail the structure and function of the BCL-2 proteins. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Structural biology investigations of BCL-2 proteins have provided tremendous insights into our understanding of their structure-function relationships and models have been proposed to explain how the BCL-2 family members form a network of interactions to control apoptosis signaling. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Furthermore, we will discuss the structural details of the interactions between BCL-2 family members and the various structural paradigms that ultimately regulate the activation of apoptosis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Once BID is cleaved, the C-terminal 15 kDa fragment of BID (p15) translocates onto mitochondria and is sufficient to trigger cytochrome c release, resulting in cell apoptosis. (thermofisher.com)
  • Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology provides a comprehensive update on the cell signaling that underlies the main cell death programs (apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis) and how this knowledge is driving the development of therapeutic drugs to treat some human diseases. (cshlpress.com)
  • Potential synergistic effects of various combinations including these compounds were tested by measuring cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • A successful therapy must therefore eliminate these cells known to be highly resistant to apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
  • Interestingly, rbf1 -induced apoptosis leads to a debcl - and drp1 -dependent Reactive Oxygen Species production, which in turn activates the Jun Kinase pathway to trigger cell death. (sdbonline.org)
  • These results provide a mechanism by which Drosophila Bcl-2 family proteins can control apoptosis and shed light on a link between Rbf1 and mitochondrial dynamics, in vivo. (sdbonline.org)
  • BCL-2 is a key regulator of apoptosis that functions to either inhibit or promote cell death. (thermofisher.com)
  • The BCL-2 family members are also characterized by dimerizing to further modulate apoptosis. (thermofisher.com)
  • Extensive lymphocyte severe infections is a massive loss of lymphocytes, den- apoptosis has also occurred in humans and animals infect- dritic cells, gastrointestial epithelial cells, and other cell ed with several exotic agents, including Bacillus anthracis , types through apoptosis, or programmed cell death. (cdc.gov)
  • Prevention of lymphocyte apoptosis, same process by which these cell populations are regulat- through either genetic modification of the host or treatment ed during normal health ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • acquired defects in the control of apoptosis may lead to a Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is the method variety of disease states. (cdc.gov)
  • For example, excessive inhibition by which tissue remodeling takes place during normal of apoptosis is an underlying mechanism of cancer, while growth and development and the physiologic mechanism an inappropriate increase is seen in some neurodegenera- by which labile cell populations such as gastrointestinal tive diseases and other conditions. (cdc.gov)
  • The ability of the host to trigger apoptosis in infected cells is perhaps the most powerful tool by which viruses can be cleared from the host organism. (mdpi.com)
  • To avoid elimination by this mechanism, human papillomaviruses (HPV) have developed several mechanisms that enable the cells they infect to elude both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
  • In this manuscript, we review the current literature regarding how HPV-infected cells avoid apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms involved in these events. (mdpi.com)
  • Many of the current efforts regarding anti-cancer drug development are focused on directing tumor cells to undergo apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
  • Apoptosis (programmed cell death) is essential for development and tissue maintenance in many organisms. (biologists.com)
  • In mammals and C. elegans , Bcl-2 family proteins facilitate apoptosis by regulating mitochondrial dynamics but do they play a similar role during apoptosis in Drosophila ? (biologists.com)
  • He helped show that the abnormal cells in a specific type of blood cancer, B-cell lymphoma, contained a genetic mutation that allowed them to survive the body's normal process for eliminating cells, termed "apoptosis. (harvard.edu)
  • Apoptosis is a mechanism of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. (abcam.com)
  • Our resources and products to study apoptosis include apoptosis kits and antibodies to key proteins such as caspases and the Bcl-2 family. (abcam.com)
  • Discover pathways on apoptosis induction, caspase activation and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. (abcam.com)
  • An introductionto the mechanisms of apoptotic cell death and apoptosis assays and markers. (abcam.com)
  • The anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL prevent apoptosis, whereas pro-apoptotic members like Bax and Bak, elicit the release of caspases from death antagonists inducing apoptosis. (eurekaselect.com)
  • The authors have developed and tested successfully, several series of indole pharmacore containing inhibitors for Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins based on the homology modeling, docking and suitable biochemical and apoptosis assays. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Therapeutics that kill cancer commonly engage the "programmed cell death" or apoptosis pathway in the cancer cell to induce cell death. (lls.org)
  • Cancer cells frequently develop resistance to a drug, often by dysregulation of a family of apoptosis regulators called the BCL-2 family, which enables the cell to evade apoptosis. (lls.org)
  • A recent study provides the first direct, biophysical measurement of a potentially apoptosis-specific mitochondrial channel, which is regulated by Bcl-2 family members and may play a primary role in the release of the proapoptotic factors. (rupress.org)
  • Apoptosis is a highly regulated cellular suicide program present in every metazoan cell. (rupress.org)
  • Diverse toxic signals (e.g., genotoxic drugs, UV and gamma irradiation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, etc.) trigger the activation of a universal apoptosis response, which eliminates damaged cells from the organism in a highly ordered and controlled fashion. (rupress.org)
  • Suppresses apoptosis in a variety of cell systs including factor-dependent lymphohatopoietic and neural cells. (joplink.net)
  • Apoptosis factor EI24/PIG8 is a novel endoplasmic reticulum-localized Bcl-2-binding protein which is associated with suppression of breast cancer invasiveness.Zhao X., Ayer R.E., Davis S.L., Ames S.J., Florence B., Torchinsky C., Liou J.S., Shen L., Spanjaard R.A.Cancer Res. (joplink.net)
  • Suppresses apoptosis in a variety of cell systems including factor-dependent lymphohematopoietic and neural cells. (joplink.net)
  • In this study, we examined the cytoprotective effects of cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) isolated from mulberry fruit against pancreatic β-cell apoptosis caused by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The MIN6 pancreatic β-cells were used to investigate the cytoprotective effects of C3G on the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Taken together, our results suggest that C3G isolated from mulberry fruit has potential for use as a phytotherapeutic agent for the prevention of diabetes by preventing oxidative stress-induced β-cell apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of C3G isolated from mulberry fruit against the H 2 O 2 -induced apoptosis of MIN6N pancreatic β-cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In bax − / − bak − / − cells, introduction of Bak mutants selectively targeted to either mitochondria or the ER can induce apoptosis. (rupress.org)
  • However, the role of C1QBP in metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells have not yet been explored. (medsci.org)
  • C1QBP knockdown and overexpression cells were established via lentiviral infection and subjected to apoptosis and ROS assay in vitro . (medsci.org)
  • C1QBP promotes the catabolism of hypoxanthine and elevates the apoptosis of RCC cells by modulating XDH-mediated ROS generation. (medsci.org)
  • Res effectively suppress the cardiomyocytes hypertrophy and apoptosis induced by ISO, characterized by the reduction of the myocardial cell surface area, the ANP gene expression, the LDH and MDA leakage amount and the rate of cell apoptosis, while decrease of the protein expression of GRP78, GRP94 and CHOP, and reverse the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax. (karger.com)
  • Multi-walled carbon nanotube s induce apoptosis in normal human small airway epithelial cells through proteasome-mediated McI-1 protein degradation. (cdc.gov)
  • It was further observed that the proaporpotic activities of WMCNT were reduced by caspase specific inhibitors, demonstrating that MWCNT, but not SWCNT, can induce a caspase-dependent apoptosis in SAEC cells. (cdc.gov)
  • To understand regulation of the WMCNT-induced apoptosis, we then examined expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins and found that only Mcl-1 was significantly reduced in protein level by MWCNT, but not SWCNT, and such reduction was blocked by proteasome inhibitor MG132. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, it was found that reduction of Mcl-1 protein expression through Mcl-1 siRNA enhanced sensitivity of SAEC cells to MWCNT-induced apoptosis, suggesting that proteasome-mediated Mcl-1 protein degradation contributes to MWCNT-induced apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Proteínas de la membrana codificadas por los GENES BCL-2 y que sirven como potentes inhibidores de la muerte celular por APOPTOSIS. (bvsalud.org)
  • Membrane proteins encoded by the BCL-2 GENES and serving as potent inhibitors of cell death by APOPTOSIS. (bvsalud.org)
  • Lead-induced apoptosis in PC 12 cells: involvement of p53, Bcl-2 family and caspase-3. (who.int)
  • BCL-2 proteins are a family of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins that regulate a critical step in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, the permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane. (elsevierpure.com)
  • It has been previously shown that rbf1 pro-apoptotic activity depends on its ability to decrease the level of anti-apoptotic proteins such as the Bcl-2 family protein Buffy. (sdbonline.org)
  • Finally, the recently proposed new therapies employing bcl-2 inhibitors prompted the potential use of bax/bcl-2 ratio to identify patients putatively resistant to these molecules. (haematologica.org)
  • Olomoucine, roscovitine and purvalanol are examples of CDK inhibitors (CDKIs) designed and investigated for their apoptotic potential on cancer cells ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Bcl-2 is antiapoptotic), and other inhibitors (Figure 1). (cdc.gov)
  • The present appraisal also focuses on the role of computational algorithms in developing potential drug molecules,with more emphasis on the role of homology modeling and docking studies in developing inhibitors for Bcl- 2, and Bcl-xL proteins in cancer therapy. (eurekaselect.com)
  • These mitochondrial dynamics, they report, are dependent on caspases, the Bcl-2 family, the mitochondrial fission and fusion machinery and the autophagic machinery. (biologists.com)
  • The cell death was accompanied by DNA damage, as indicated by the appearance of sub G0/G1 cells in a flow cytomtery assay, and protein cleavages for PARP, caspases 3, 7 and 9, as revealed by Western blotting. (cdc.gov)
  • The maintenance of homeostasis in normal tissues reflects a balance between cell proliferation and cell death. (umn.edu)
  • Bcl-2 proved unique by blocking programmed cell death rather than promoting proliferation. (umn.edu)
  • Natural polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, play essential roles in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Cell proliferation involves the replication of all cellular contents with the required energy for this to happen. (hindawi.com)
  • To prevent aberrant cell proliferation, these pathways are tightly regulated. (hindawi.com)
  • This activation is necessary for both cell proliferation as well as glucose uptake and use. (hindawi.com)
  • The extracellular matrix (ECM) interacts with tumor and stromal cells to promote cancer cells proliferation, migration, invasion, a. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A tumor is a any abnormal proliferation of cells. (powershow.com)
  • Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) signaling regulates many cellular functions, including cell proliferation and migration, in both normal cells and cancer cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Загальні відомості про плазмоклітинні захворювання Plasma cell disorders are a diverse group of disorders of unknown etiology characterized by Disproportionate proliferation of a single clone of B cells Presence of a structurally and electrophoretically. (msdmanuals.com)
  • ABSTRACT This study examined haematopoietic stem cells of 19 high-risk cases of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) for apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals and cellular proliferation and correlated these with clinical and cytogenetic subtypes, particularly trisomy 8. (who.int)
  • Over-expression of anti-apoptotic genes, and under-expression of pro-apoptotic genes, can result in the lack of cell death that is characteristic of cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • A family of Bcl-2 related genes is emerging that includes Bax, a conserved homolog that heterodimerizes in vivo with Bcl-2 and promotes cell death. (umn.edu)
  • Screening with RNA-Seq in Huh7 cells treated with FO revealed that 317 genes were modulated, of which 188 genes were upregulated and 129 genes were downregulated. (hindawi.com)
  • Herein, genome-wide transcriptome profiling (RNA-Seq) was used to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in FO-treated Huh7 cells, with the aim of uncovering the pharmacologic pattern. (hindawi.com)
  • Only two Bcl-2 family genes have been found in Drosophila melanogaster including the pro-cell survival, human Bok-related orthologue, Buffy. (sdbonline.org)
  • BCL-2 is known to regulate mitochondrial dynamics, and is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial fusion and fission. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, we discuss the roles of mitochondrial inflammation during cell death and how these processes may potentially be harnessed therapeutically, for instance to improve cancer treatment. (nature.com)
  • Mitochondrial-driven inflammation can enhance the immunogenicity of cell death. (nature.com)
  • Is mitochondrial-driven inflammation during cell death driven by bacterial-like DAMPs? (nature.com)
  • What physiological functions has mitochondrial inflammation during cell death? (nature.com)
  • We will discuss the structural insights for each structural domain of BCL-2 proteins that determine their function in the cytosol and the outer mitochondrial membrane. (elsevierpure.com)
  • BID serves as a direct molecular link between caspase 8 activation and mitochondrial death machinery. (thermofisher.com)
  • In contrast to normal cells, most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, even in the presence of oxygen, a less efficient metabolism compared to a low rate of glycolysis followed by mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Mitochondrial porin , also known as the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), is a multi-functional channel protein that shuttles metabolites between the mitochondria and the cytosol and implicated in cellular life and death decisions. (sdbonline.org)
  • The researchers show that, during this event, the mitochondrial networks of ovarian nurse cells undergo extensive remodelling, cluster formation and cluster engulfment by somatic follicle cells. (biologists.com)
  • Thus, the researchers conclude, Bcl-2 family proteins do play a major role in controlling both mitochondrial dynamics and cell death in the Drosophila ovary. (biologists.com)
  • Regulates cell death by controlling the mitochondrial mbrane permeability. (joplink.net)
  • The proteins are found on mitochondrial, microsomal, and NUCLEAR MEMBRANE sites within many cell types. (bvsalud.org)
  • BCL-2 is localized to the outer membrane of mitochondria, where it plays an important role in promoting cellular survival and inhibiting the actions of pro-apoptotic proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transgenic mice that overexpress Bcl-2 demonstrate extended cell survival, and progress to high grade lymphomas. (umn.edu)
  • The ratio of family members, such as Bcl-2/Bax, determines the survival or death of cells following an apoptotic stimulus. (umn.edu)
  • In multivariate analysis of progression-free survival and overall survival, bax/bcl-2 was an independent prognostic factor ( P =0.0002 and P =0.002). (haematologica.org)
  • however, purvalanol triggered autophagy, which functions as a cell survival mechanism at early time-points. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • We are especially interested how interstitial cells facilitate tubular epithelial cell survival and prevent CKD. (yale.edu)
  • However, the precise role of lcn2 in the cell survival and death has yet to be determined. (jneurosci.org)
  • Taken all together this demonstrates a role for Buffy, a Bcl-2 pro-cell survival gene, in neuroprotection. (sdbonline.org)
  • Our laboratory uses biochemical, genetic, and cell biology approaches to investigate the molecular mechanisms of cell death and survival in cancer cells. (unmc.edu)
  • We aim to understand how these proteins function as major regulators of cell death and survival, and hope to contribute to the design of more powerful and selective cancer therapeutic drugs. (unmc.edu)
  • In short, he made crucial contributions to the elucidation of the molecular-genetic pathways that control the normal processes governing cell survival and cell death and to the discovery that the dysregulation of cell death plays a major role in human disease. (harvard.edu)
  • Cancer cells hijack the survival arm of the BCL-2 family pathway to suppress the cell killing proteins and thereby enforce an immortal state. (alexslemonade.org)
  • This is accomplished at the molecular level by a specialized surface on survival proteins, called the "anti-apoptotic groove," which neutralizes a helically-shaped motif, called "the BH3 domain," essential to the killing activity of the death proteins. (alexslemonade.org)
  • MCL-1 is a pro-survival BCL-2 family member that has emerged as a ubiquitous chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance factor in pediatric cancer. (alexslemonade.org)
  • Bcl-2 has been localized to mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear membranes, also the sites of reactive oxygen species generation. (umn.edu)
  • Mitochondria have recently emerged as key drivers of inflammation associated with cell death. (nature.com)
  • In this review, we discuss how mitochondria can initiate inflammation during cell death highlighting parallels with bacterial activation of inflammation. (nature.com)
  • Mitochondria, with rare exceptions, are found in all eukaryotic cells. (nature.com)
  • Amongst their many roles, mitochondria play a crucial function in energy production, iron homeostasis, and the biosynthesis of lipids, amino acids and nucleic acids [ 1 , 2 ]. (nature.com)
  • Approximately 1.5 billion years ago endosymbiosis between archaebacteria and a prokaryotic cell, driven by increased oxygen levels, led to the formation of mitochondria that we know nowadays [ 4 ]. (nature.com)
  • The proapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family have been proposed to participate in the formation of a channel that releases these apoptogenic factors when mitochondria receive apoptotic signals. (rupress.org)
  • However, the excessive generation of ROS, such as super oxide anions (O 2 − ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) due to environmental stress results in significant oxidative damage to cell structures, such as DNA, the mitochondria and cell membranes ( 3 , 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Bcl-2 derives its name from B-cell lymphoma 2, as it is the second member of a range of proteins initially described in chromosomal translocations involving chromosomes 14 and 18 in follicular lymphomas. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Bcl-2 gene was identified at the chromosomal breakpoint of t(14;18) bearing B cell lymphomas. (umn.edu)
  • In most follicular lymphomas, neoplastic germinal centers express high levels of BCL-2 alpha protein, whereas the normal or hyperplastic germinal centers are negative. (thermofisher.com)
  • T cell lymphomas (TCL) comprise a heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) that often present at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis and that most commonly have an aggressive clinical course. (biomedcentral.com)
  • But simultaneous over-expression of Bcl-2 and the proto-oncogene myc may produce aggressive B-cell malignancies including lymphoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • In follicular lymphoma, a chromosomal translocation commonly occurs between the fourteenth and the eighteenth chromosomes - t(14;18) - which places the Bcl-2 gene from chromosome 18 next to the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus on chromosome 14. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, positive cells increase considerably in follicular lymphoma, as well as many other forms of cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • The overexpression of BCL-2 has been linked to human cancers such as B-cell lymphoma and prostate cancer. (thermofisher.com)
  • As a widely recognized standard regimen, R-CHOP (rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) is able to cure two-thirds patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and t. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The LLS mission: Cure leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin disease and myeloma, and improve the quality of life of patients and their families. (lls.org)
  • Burkitt lymphoma, or small noncleaved cell lymphoma, is a highly aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) characterized by the translocation and deregulation of the c-myc gene on chromosome 8. (medscape.com)
  • Biopsy findings were consistent with small noncleaved cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. (medscape.com)
  • Overexpression of bcl-2 proteins, due to a translocation of the gene, is associated with follicular lymphoma. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is suggested that curcumin can selectively kill tumor cells through its multifaceted metabolic effects, that culminate in its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities ( Hewlings and Kalman, 2017 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Typically, rapidly proliferating tumor cells have glycolytic rates up to 200 times higher than those of their normal tissue of origin, even in the presence of oxygen [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Shown here strong cytoplamic tumor cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • Possible mechanisms for overcoming the resistance of HPV-infected tumor cells to anticancer drugs will be discussed. (mdpi.com)
  • Cell death escape is one of the most prominent features of tumor cells and closely linked to the dysregulation of members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The over-expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein in lymphocytes alone does not cause cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a clinically heterogeneous disease characterized by the accumulation of CD5CD23 B-cell lymphocytes. (haematologica.org)
  • These findings suggest that inter- the apoptotic destruction of lymphocytes and dendritic ventions aimed at reducing the extent of immune cell apop- tosis could improve outcomes for a variety of severe cells could have a particularly adverse effect on disease human infections, including those caused by emerging outcome. (cdc.gov)
  • Morphologically, in the peripheral blood, these cells resemble mature lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
  • The upstream regulators of cytochrome c release are the Bcl-2 family members. (nih.gov)
  • Pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members such as bax or bak are clearly required to initiate cytochrome c/apaf-1/caspase-9 mediated cell death during oxygen deprivation. (nih.gov)
  • Furthermore, C3G regulated the intrinsic apoptotic pathway-associated proteins, such as proteins belonging to the Bcl-2 family, cytochrome c and caspase-3. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • BID is a death agonist that heterodimerizes with either agonist BAX or antagonist BCL2. (thermofisher.com)
  • Full length human recombinant protein of human BCL2 produced in HEK293T cell. (thermofisher.com)
  • Our findings revealed that different genetic backgrounds of HCT116 and HT29 cell lines resulted in divergent responses to the combination treatments. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
  • We found that inhibition of this enzyme sensitizes resistant MM to ABT-199, affording a potent strategy to cause cell death. (lls.org)
  • A specialized group of proteins, called the BCL-2 family, regulates the natural balance between cellular life and death, ensuring that essential cells are preserved and damaged cells eliminated. (alexslemonade.org)
  • Here we review what is currently known oxygen deprivation induced cell death and speculate about initiating mechanisms resulting in the activation of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members. (nih.gov)
  • We are currently developing strategies that aim to kill cancer cells by directly disrupting their inherent stress-adaptation mechanisms or by augmenting the anti-tumor immune response. (gene.com)
  • The mechanisms by which cell death occurs are genetically encoded and carefully controlled. (cshlpress.com)
  • Chapters are additionally devoted to cell death signaling mechanisms in plants and lower organisms, as well as the evolution of those mechanisms and the influence of pathogens that seek to evade them. (cshlpress.com)
  • However, murine models, including knockout and transgenic mice, have been useful in understanding the mechanisms of B lymphopoiesis, B-cell differentiation, and antibody formation. (medscape.com)
  • Renal cell carcinoma is one of the most common cancers in the urinary system, causing over 140,000 deaths worldwide each year[ 1 ]. (medsci.org)
  • The Morrow Laboratory focuses our studies on understanding the principles of cell membrane biogenesis and order. (yale.edu)
  • Bcl-2 expression is frequent in small cell lung cancer, accounting for 76% cases in one study. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some evidence suggests that this may result from abnormal expression of Bcl-2 and increased expression of caspase-3. (wikipedia.org)
  • We used quantitative PCR to compare the steady-state expression profile of all human BCL-2 family members in hESCs with that of human primary cells from various origins and two cancer lines. (ca.gov)
  • HCT 116 colon cancer cells were exposed to purvalanol, which activated ER stress via upregulation of PERK, IRE1α gene expression, eIF-2α phosphorylation and ATF-6 cleavage at early time-points in the HCT 116 colon cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The Huh lab in the Department of Pathology at Yale School of Medicine studies Ménétrier's disease, cell plasticity, and sex-differential expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene. (yale.edu)
  • Administration of the doenjang using probiotic mixed starter cultures ameliorated the symptoms of colon cancer, and reduced the incidence of neoplasia, and reduced the levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase and cycloooxygenase-2 expression levels in colonic tissue. (carcinogenesis.com)
  • In addition, it increased Bax and reduced Bcl-2 expression levels and increased p21 and p53 expression in the colonic tissues. (carcinogenesis.com)
  • In zebrafishes, forced expression of rat lcn2 gene increased the number and thickness of cellular processes in GFAP-expressing radial glia cells, suggesting that lcn2 expression in glia cells plays an important role in vivo . (jneurosci.org)
  • Over expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins are often directly associated with various kinds of cancer. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Hypertrophy was estimated by measuring the cell surface area and the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) gene expression. (karger.com)
  • Orai and TRPC family members expression was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we have characterized the expression of Orai family members and several TRPC channels at the transcript level in breast stem cells (BSC) derived from the non-tumoral breast epithelial cell line MCF10A and breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) derived from the well-known estrogen receptor positive (ER+), HER2 and triple negative cell lines MCF7, SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our results suggest that although trisomy 8 cells are in a pro-apoptotic state, they are checked by the enhanced expression of anti-apoptotic signals which provide them with their proliferative advantage. (who.int)
  • Human Embryonic Stem Cells Express Elevated Levels of Multiple Pro-Apoptotic BCL-2 Family Members. (ca.gov)
  • Our findings indicate that hESCs express elevated levels of the pro-apoptotic BH3-only BCL-2 family members NOXA, BIK, BIM, BMF and PUMA when compared with differentiated cells and cancer cells. (ca.gov)
  • In chronic lymphocytic leukemia the balance between the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic members of the bcl-2 family is involved in the pathogenesis, chemorefractoriness and clinical outcome. (haematologica.org)
  • In the 1990's, the Human Genome Project inspired my team to discover several novel members of the TNF cytokine superfamily, most notably, Apo2L/TRAIL and its "death" and "decoy" receptors. (gene.com)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), are members of the serine-threonine protein kinase family and are responsible for taking control of cell cycle regulation in eukaryotic cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Using a computer modeling approach that they developed, MIT biologists identified three different proteins that can bind selectively to each of three similar targets, all members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins. (mit.edu)
  • In a paper appearing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences the week of Oct. 15, Keating and her colleagues used this approach to generate several peptides that can target different members of a protein family called Bcl-2, which help to drive cancer growth. (mit.edu)
  • To create this model, the researchers first chose about 10,000 peptides, each 23 amino acids in length and helical in structure, and tested their binding to three different members of the Bcl-2 family. (mit.edu)
  • These include members of the Bcl-2 protein family, course, and extent of programmed cell death will aid man- which have both proapoptotic and antiapoptotic activity agement of patients with severe infections. (cdc.gov)
  • He also discovered other members of the Bcl-2 gene family and found that they too regulated cell death. (harvard.edu)
  • The therapeutic potential of human embryonic stem cells is extraordinary. (ca.gov)
  • The goal of the Katz Laboratory is to selectively control the cell death machinery for therapeutic benefit. (yale.edu)
  • They also examine the involvement of cell death programs in various pathologies and the therapeutic potential of inhibiting key pathway components. (cshlpress.com)
  • In this study, we investigated a plausible therapeutic synergism of a triple combination of CBD/CBG, curcumin, and piperine in the colon adenocarcinoma using HCT116 and HT29 cell lines. (frontiersin.org)
  • Ultimately, if therapies based on stem cells are to be realized, these cells will have to be grown in massive quantities, with an unprecedented level of quality control to ensure that only one cell type can be found in the lot. (ca.gov)
  • Furthermore, the fate of stem cells is crucial to their use in new therapies - in other words, these cells must be kept alive and functional to have benefit to human patients. (ca.gov)
  • Moreover, the recently proposed anti-bcl-2 molecules, such as ABT-199, have emphasized the potential role of of bcl-2 family proteins in the context of target therapies. (haematologica.org)
  • However, the ability of HPV-infected cells to resist apoptotic signals renders such therapies ineffective. (mdpi.com)
  • Natural killer (NK) cell is a specialized immune effector cell type that plays a critical role in immune activation against abnormal cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • it is the only member of the family Asfaviridae , although it shares similarities with other virus families in the superfamily of nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA viruses ( 2 - 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Damage to the Bcl-2 gene has been identified as a cause of a number of cancers, including melanoma, breast, prostate, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and lung cancer, and a possible cause of schizophrenia and autoimmunity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cancer can be seen as a disturbance in the homeostatic balance between cell growth and cell death. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our research further revealed that inhibiting IRE1 activity in cancer-surveilling dendritic cells augments anti-tumor immunity. (gene.com)
  • Purvalanol, a novel cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, is referred to as a strong apoptotic inducer which causes cell cycle arrest in various cancer cells such as prostate, breast and colon cancer cell lines. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In the present study, our aim was to determine the time-dependent, ER-mediated apoptotic and autophagy induction of purvalanol in HCT 116 colon cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Increased levels of polyamines in cells are considered to be involved in cancer progression. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Scientists working in basic, translational, and clinical cancer metabolism research are invited to join the Academy in New York on April 17th to discuss the intersection between cell signaling and metabolism. (nyas.org)
  • Perturbations that enhance or suppress cell death may lead to cancer, neurodegeneration, and inflammatory diseases. (cshlpress.com)
  • This volume is therefore an essential reference for cell and developmental biologists, cancer biologists, and all who wish to explore recent progress in our understanding of cell death programs. (cshlpress.com)
  • Accumulating evidence shows that cancer stem cells are key drivers of tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. (hindawi.com)
  • Metabolic adaptations of cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Glucose and glutamine are the 2 major substrates used by cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
  • We used this unique reagent to discover a prototype small molecule drug named MCL-1 inhibitor molecule 1 (MIM1), which effectively targeted MCL-1 and blocked its cancer-causing activities in genetically-engineered cells. (alexslemonade.org)
  • Specifically, we aim to apply medicinal chemistry methods to optimize the molecular structure of MIM1 so that it is an ideally potent and selective inhibitor of MCL-1, capable of reactivating the death pathway in the diversity of resistant pediatric cancer cells. (alexslemonade.org)
  • Venetoclax (ABT-199) is a potent BCL-2 inhibitor that is FDA-approved for the treatment of CLL based on its remarkable single agent efficacy in this cancer type. (lls.org)
  • This study aimed to estimate the medical cost of cancer in the first five years of diagnosis and in the final six months before death in people who developed cancer. (koreamed.org)
  • Cancer - Cancer When good cells go bad What is cancer? (powershow.com)
  • Stem cells were isolated from non-tumoral breast epithelial cells of the MCF10A cell line, and the most representative ER+ , HER2 or triple negative breast cancer cell lines MCF7, SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
  • These findings provide evidence of the functional role of Orai1α and Orai1ß in spheroid forming efficiency and self-renewal in breast cancer stem cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells that produce monoclonal immunoglobulin and invade and destroy adjacent bone tissue. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Triple treatment showed synergism in terms of exhibiting anti-tumorigenic effects by activating the Hippo YAP signaling pathway in the HCT116 cell line. (frontiersin.org)
  • The cells of origin in most patients with CLL are clonal B cells arrested in the B-cell differentiation pathway, intermediate between pre-B cells and mature B cells. (medscape.com)
  • We investigated bax/bcl-2 ratio by flow cytometry in 502 patients and identified a cut off of 1.50 to correlate bax/bcl-2 ratio with well-established clinical and biological prognosticators. (haematologica.org)
  • In Cell Death: Mechanism and Disease (Vol. 9781461493020, pp. 229-251). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Cell Death: Mechanism and Disease. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The Kyriakides Laboratory is focused on elucidating the mechanism through which the endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis TSP-2 limits angiogenesis and arteriogenesis. (yale.edu)
  • Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a major mechanism by which Ca2+ is imported from the extracellular space to the intracellular space, especially in nonexcitable cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Bcl-2 does not appear to influence the generation of oxygen free radicals but does prevent oxidative damage to cellular constituents including lipid membranes. (umn.edu)
  • Instead, once given a "go" signal, cells utilize their own energy and cellular machinery to dismantle themselves, a process known as programmed cell death. (ca.gov)
  • In normal cells, glucose participates in cellular energy production through glycolysis as well as through its complete catabolism via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
  • Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry (2016) 39 (2): 780-789. (karger.com)
  • rbf1 , the Drosophila homolog of Rb , also displays a pro- apoptotic activity in proliferative cells. (sdbonline.org)
  • Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell type in the brain, provide metabolic and trophic support to neurons and modulate synaptic activity. (jneurosci.org)
  • The BCL-2 antagonist venetoclax is highly cytotoxic in a subset of t(11;14) multiple myeloma (MM). In investigating the metabolic basis for the sensitivity of t(11;14) MM to venetoclax, we determined that sensitive cells exhibit significantly reduced succinate ubiquinone reductase (SQR) activity. (lls.org)
  • We have previously found that blocking specific pathways inside a cell involved in energy metabolism can sensitize resistant MM cells to ABT-199. (lls.org)
  • This review provides a summary of potential inhibitor molecules developed for Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins, as well as the the key residues of these proteins interacting with potential drug molecules. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Cell viability was examined by MTT assay and lipid peroxidation was assayed by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Our results suggest that lcn2 acts in an autocrine manner to induce cell death sensitization and morphological changes in astrocytes under inflammatory conditions and that these phenotypic changes may be the basis of reactive astrocytosis in vivo . (jneurosci.org)
  • Recent studies have demonstrated that antioxidants present in natural products protect cells by reducing H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo ( 5 - 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • that all workers in the global semiconductor industry have been exposed to indium compounds and these workers may be exposed to a variety of other Group 1 or 2 human carcinogens]. (who.int)
  • For instance, mtDNA and bacterial DNA are highly similar thereby activating similar cell autonomous immune signalling pathways. (nature.com)
  • Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)
  • View our webinar focusing on the pathways of necroptotic cell death. (abcam.com)
  • Receptor-interacting protein (RIP) kinases promote the induction of necrotic cell death pathways. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • To better understand CNT-related pulmonary toxicities, the present in vitro study used normal human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC), which constitute a primary target of respiratory exposure to CNTs, as a model to investigate cell death effects of either SWCNTs or MWCNTs. (cdc.gov)
  • Synovial sarcomas encompass both biphasic (epithelial and spindle cell components) and monophasic (purely spindle cell) variants. (medscape.com)
  • We linked actively working, in-person K-12 educators in Wisconsin to COVID-19 cases with onset from September 2 to November 24, 2021. (cdc.gov)
  • We propose that lcn2 is an autocrine mediator of reactive astrocytosis based on the multiple roles of lcn2 in the regulation of cell death, morphology, and migration of astrocytes. (jneurosci.org)
  • LCN2 protein induced upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), cell migration, and morphological changes similar to characteristic phenotypic changes termed reactive astrocytosis. (jneurosci.org)
  • Our results indicated that lcn2 is critical for cell death sensitization, stimulation of cell migration, and morphological changes of reactive astrocytes. (jneurosci.org)
  • Activation of Btk results in a cascade of signaling events resulting in calcium mobilization and fluxes, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and transcriptional regulation involving nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). (medscape.com)
  • Mostly because CRC patients receive their diagnosis at the later stages of the disease, CRC accounts for one of the highest mortality rate, corresponding to 883,200 deaths worldwide ( WCRF/AICR, 2018 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Bax/bcl-2 was 1.50 or over in 263 patients (52%) with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (haematologica.org)
  • In conclusion, we defined the prognostic power of bax/bcl-2 ratio, as determined by a flow cytometric approach, and highlighted a correlation with chemoresistance and outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (haematologica.org)
  • Lead induces oxidative stress, DNA damage and alteration of p53, Bax and Bcl-2 expressions in mice. (who.int)
  • The essence of MDS is damage of In the current work we examined All our patients were of the high-risk colony-forming units [4], but the defect haematopoietic stem cells of high-risk group and none of them was eligible of the haematopoietic stem cells is not MDS cases for apoptotic and anti-apop- for stem cell transplantation. (who.int)
  • Keep up with the Node 'Lab meeting' posts as the platform regularly highlights development and stem cell biology labs from across the globe and showcases research and researchers from the community. (biologists.com)
  • Address correspondence to J. Yuan Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115. (rupress.org)