Bases in dna dna repair. Medical search. Frequent questions

The scaffold protein XRCC1, DNA polymerase beta, and DNA ligase IIIalpha play pivotal roles in BER. (ox.ac.uk)
I have also investigated a possible role of a major 3' exonuclease activity, DNase III, as a candidate DNA-editing activity for DNA polymerase β (which lacks an intrinsic 3' exonuclease function) during BER. (ucl.ac.uk)
The enzymes remove the damaged base forming an AP site which is repaired by AP endonuclease before the nucleotide gap in the DNA strand is filled by DNA polymerase. (news-medical.net)
The process involves the recognition of damage which is then cleaved on both sides by endonucleases before resynthesis by DNA polymerase. (news-medical.net)
The third excision mechanism is called mismatch repair and occurs when mismatched bases are incorporated into the DNA strand during replication and are not removed by proofreading DNA polymerase. (news-medical.net)
Both immunohistochemical staining (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based MSI testing show high sensitivity and specificity in detecting MSI. (wjgnet.com)
DNA polymerase β (Pol β), an error-prone DNA-synthesizing enzyme tightly down-regulated in healthy somatic cells, has been shown to be overexpressed in many human tumors. (aspetjournals.org)
This repair work is performed by DNA Polymerase, the enzyme that helps catalyze construction of new DNA from single strands. (speakerdeck.com)
2022. Probing the mechanisms of two exonuclease domain mutators of DNA polymerase ε. (nih.gov)

Mismatch repair. (news-medical.net)
In mismatch repair, the missed errors are later corrected by enzymes which recognize and excise the mismatched base to restore the original sequence. (news-medical.net)
We demonstrate that relatively short single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides, 25-61 bases homologous to the target sequence except for a single mismatch to the targeted base, are capable of correcting a single point mutation (G to A) in the mutant beta-galactosidase gene, in nuclear extracts, episome, and chromosome of mammalian cells, with correction rates of approximately 0.05%, 1% and 0.1%, respectively. (nih.gov)
It is a multifunctional nuclease and plays crucial roles in DNA mismatch repair (MMR), double-stranded break repair (DSBR), nucleotide excision repair (NER), immunoglobulin maturation, and telomere maintenance [ 18 - 21 ]. (hindawi.com)
It is inherited as an autosomal dominant syndrome as a result of defective mismatch repair (MMR) proteins. (medscape.com)
In hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), an inherited mutation in one of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes appears to be a critical factor. (medscape.com)
The reconstruction of a continuous two-stranded DNA molecule without mismatch from a molecule which contained damaged regions. (bvsalud.org)
Prevalence and molecular characteristics of DNA mismatch repair deficient endometrial cancer in a Japanese hospital-based population. (cdc.gov)

Base excision repair (BER) is the major pathway for processing of simple lesions in DNA, including single-strand breaks, base damage, and base loss. (ox.ac.uk)
Here we report that BER enzyme levels are linked to and controlled by the level of DNA lesions. (ox.ac.uk)
Under this situation the cellular response to the lesion cluster might depend on the order of repair processes because the configuration of the lesions will be modified by the reaction of initial repair protein, affecting the DNA-binding or lesion-excision activities of latter repair proteins. (go.jp)
ion is treated with two base excision repair enzymes, Nth and Fpg, which convert pyrimidine and purine lesions to a SSB, respectively. (go.jp)
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes are under continuous assault by a combination of environmentally and endogenously derived reactive oxygen species, inducing the formation and accumulation of mutagenic, toxic, and/or genome-destabilizing DNA lesions. (uky.edu)
Failure to resolve these lesions through one or more DNA-repair processes is associated with genome instability, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurodegeneration, inflammation, aging, and cancer, emphasizing the importance of characterizing the pathways and proteins involved in the repair of oxidative DNA damage. (uky.edu)
This review focuses on the repair of oxidative damage-induced lesions in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA mediated by the base excision repair (BER) pathway in mammalian cells. (uky.edu)
The published original articles or reviews will open new paths toward the understanding of the generation and repair of DNA lesions, thus making it possible to advance knowledge of the processes that are at the origin of tumorigenesis. (mdpi.com)
Dr. Karen Vasquez, Smithville, TX - Processing of site-specific DNA lesions by DNA repair and recombination pathways 1.1.2 VIDEOARCHIVES: INTERNET ACCESS (WORLDWIDE): To date 54 of these videoconferences have been archived and are available for viewing at your leisure on the internet. (bio.net)
Here we show that NAT10 plays a critical role in the repair of UVB-induced DNA damage lesions through regulating the expression of the key GG-NER gene DDB2. (bvsalud.org)
We found that knockdown of NAT10 enhanced the repair of UVB-induced DNA damage lesions by promoting the mRNA stability of DDB2. (bvsalud.org)
and post-replication repair, in which the primary lesions are not repaired, but the gaps in one daughter duplex are filled in by incorporation of portions of the other (undamaged) daughter duplex. (bvsalud.org)

Repair of topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) DNA protein crosslinks (DPC) limits the efficacy of the TOP1 inhibitor irinotecan in cancer therapy. (nature.com)
New data show that the HMCES protein suppresses DNA double-strand break formation by cross-linking to and thereby stabilizing an abasic site generated during replication-coupled repair of a DNA interstrand cross-link, thus demonstrating a physiological role of HMCES in DNA repair. (nature.com)
The major pathway that corrects endogenous DNA damage is base-excision repair (BER), which is mediated by sequential pair-wise protein interactions. (ucl.ac.uk)
The interaction of DNA ligase III with its protein partner, XRCC1, in BER was the first example of a functional interaction between BRCT modules, and the 3D structure of this XRCC1 BRCT domain has been solved. (ucl.ac.uk)
Through the process of convergent evolution, there are at least two unrelated protein folds that share the same DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase activity. (wikipedia.org)
The members of the DNA Repair Interest Group perform research in areas including DNA repair enzymology and fine structure, mutagenesis, gene and cell cycle regulation, protein structure, and human disease. (nih.gov)
Buildup of a DNA-repair protein in brain cells spurs shut-eye in the fish, a study finds, and similar results in mice suggest the mechanism is widespread in animals. (the-scientist.com)
The TFIIH complex has two major functions: it is involved in the process of gene transcription, which is the first step in protein production, and it helps repair damaged DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
CRISPR-Cas9, which stands for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9, gives scientists the ability to target precise locations of genetic code to change DNA, providing opportunities to create new diagnostic tools and potentially correct mutations to treat genetic causes of disease. (eurekalert.org)
Base editing can knock out genes or correct mutations in the genome by using a protein to change a single nucleotide instead of cutting both strands, like CRISPR does. (eurekalert.org)
We transfected stem cells with either a plasmid-based or a modRNA-based base editing protein," Lian said. (eurekalert.org)
Author Manuscript and RNA repair protein AlkB-derived enzyme mixture was first used to remove methylations at the Watson-Crick face. (cdc.gov)
Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body or the code for functional ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
DNA contains the code, or blueprint, used to synthesize a protein or a ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecule. (msdmanuals.com)
A gene is a segment of DNA that provides the code to construct a protein or RNA molecule. (msdmanuals.com)

In each category, studies related to growth control genes, cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA repair genes, antioxidant and drug detoxification genes, genes of drug metabolizing enzymes, tissue remodeling genes and genes of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity were discussed separately. (researchsquare.com)
Based on DDR-related genes for ovarian cancer typing and studying the prognostic relevance of differential genes between typing on ovarian cancer, 16 genes were screened for predicting poor prognosis of OC. (researchsquare.com)
Based on the potential value of DDR as an independent prognostic indicator for OC, we predict that DNA damage-repair-related genes play an important role in the malignant progression of OC, it can be used as an independent prognostic indicator to predict poor prognosis in OC patients. (researchsquare.com)
In this study, 379 OC tissue data from the TCGA database were screened for multiple typing using DDR damage-repair-related genes (DDR-Gene). (researchsquare.com)
Genomic alterations in DNA repair genes also play a substantial role in response to chemotherapeutics underlying the genetics of multiple cancers, including breast, colorectal, ovarian, and lung cancer [ 11 - 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, based on differentially expressed genes and WGCNA analyses, we found that the hypoxia signaling pathway was enriched under heat shock conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
MMR genes normally produce proteins that identify and correct sequence mismatches that may occur during DNA replication. (medscape.com)
Genes consist of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (msdmanuals.com)
Sequence variations in a number of genes for DNA repair in occupational toxicology for a more accurate risk and phase I/phase II metabolising enzymes have recently assessment of groups of workers. (cdc.gov)

In a living cell, a multiply damaged site in DNA is thought to be processed by several different pathways simultaneously or sequentially. (go.jp)
Eukaryotic cells repair the DSBs by the fast but potentially mutagenic Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ), and by the accurate Homology Directed Repair (HDR) pathways. (europa.eu)
Recent studies by our group and others have uncovered novel DNA repair based DNA demethylation pathways. (stanford.edu)
Our recent studies have uncovered a dysregulation of the DNA demethylation pathways in the widely prevalent age-associated disorder, Osteoarthritis. (stanford.edu)
These outcomes correlated with nFe2O3 dissolution, increased intracellular iron, and genotoxicity, as well as significant changes in pathways related to DNA damage repair and autophagic processes. (cdc.gov)
Overall, our results indicated potential carcinogenic risk of nFe2O3 associated with particle dissolution, iron homeostasis disruption, and changes in autophagy and DNA damage repair pathways, which were reduced with an amorphous silica surface coating. (cdc.gov)

We demonstrate that stability of BER enzymes increases after formation of a repair complex on damaged DNA and that proteins not involved in a repair complex are ubiquitylated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP and subsequently rapidly degraded. (ox.ac.uk)
The NEBNext FFPE DNA Repair Mix is a cocktail of enzymes formulated to repair DNA, and specifically optimized and validated for repair of FFPE DNA samples. (neb.com)
The NEBNext FFPE DNA Repair Mix contains enzymes and buffers that are optimized to repair FFPE DNA in next generation sequencing workflow. (neb.com)
Enzymes that modify the bases often "flip out" the target into an extrahelical position before the chemistry step is carried out. (elsevierpure.com)
The question arises about the mechanism of substrate recognition for these enzymes and how closely it is linked to the base flipping step. (elsevierpure.com)
Enzymes, proteins that induce chemical reactions, actually do the repair work. (sciencedaily.com)
Their research into the mechanisms the human body uses to deal with mutations looked at the microscopic properties and behavior of DNA bases and mutated bases, and at the enzymes that target these bases for repair. (sciencedaily.com)
We wanted to understand what kinds of changes took place in the mutated DNA bases that enabled the enzymes to pinpoint them. (sciencedaily.com)
The next step for the researchers will be to investigate the actual mechanisms the enzymes use to identify bases that have been mutated. (sciencedaily.com)
Some of these enzymes are highly specific, focusing on only one kind of alkylated base, while other enzymes are not so picky. (sciencedaily.com)
Some enzymes will just take care of lots of different kinds of bases, and scientists don't understand why some are so specific and some are not," said Lee. (sciencedaily.com)
DNA demethylation has received scant attention over the years mainly due to the inability to identify enzymes that could mediate the removal of the methylation marks. (stanford.edu)
Another exciting discovery is that of the 'sixth base' in DNA i.e. hydroxylation of methylated cytosines (5mC) by enzymes leading to '5hmC' that is present in many tissues. (stanford.edu)

Nucleotide excision repair. (news-medical.net)
Nucleotide excision repair is a widespread mechanism for repairing damage to DNA and recognizes multiple damaged bases. (news-medical.net)
One of the major mechanisms that cells use to fix DNA is known as nucleotide excision repair (NER). (medlineplus.gov)
Giglia-Mari G, Miquel C, Theil AF, Mari PO, Hoogstraten D, Ng JM, Dinant C, Hoeijmakers JH, Vermeulen W. Dynamic interaction of TTDA with TFIIH is stabilized by nucleotide excision repair in living cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Previous study found that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nucleotide excision repair (NER) are associated with progression-free survival, including ERCC1, ERCC6, POLD2, POLE, and XPA [ 15 , 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
Recently we have shown that N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant mRNA modification, promotes the repair of UVB-induced DNA damage by regulating global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER). (bvsalud.org)

DNA repair can be divided into a set of mechanisms that identify and correct damage in DNA molecules. (news-medical.net)
There are two main mechanisms for repairing double strand breaks: homologous recombination and classical nonhomologous end joining. (news-medical.net)
Studies have also found that double strand breaks can be repaired through alternative mechanisms such as single-stranded annealing and alternative joining during certain conditions. (news-medical.net)
Oxidative DNA damage and its repair: Mechanisms, measurement and biological consequences. (nist.gov)
This is achieved, inter alia, by means of specific repair mechanisms that ensure an efficient and prompt correction of the DNA defects. (mdpi.com)

Reciprocal mutations in DNA ligase III were made to test the validity of using the XRCC1 BRCT domain structure to model other BRCT modules. (ucl.ac.uk)
Changes to the structure of DNA can cause mutations and genomic instability, leading to cancer. (news-medical.net)
A byproduct of alcohol consumption causes mutations in the DNA of mouse blood stem cells, and some of the breaks are not repaired. (the-scientist.com)
Researchers develop a CRISPR-based technique that efficiently corrects point mutations without cleaving DNA. (the-scientist.com)
The increased cancer risk is due to inherited mutations that degrade the self-repair capability of DNA. (medscape.com)

Amino acid changes in the BRCT domain of XRCC1 have been introduced by site-specific in vitro mutagenesis of the cDNA sequence, and the interaction with DNA ligase III has been tested by co-affinity precipitation assays. (ucl.ac.uk)
These results show that a relatively short ODN can make a sequence-specific change in the target sequence in mammalian cells, at a similar frequency as the chimeric RNA-DNA oligonucleotide. (nih.gov)
Gene editing techniques exploit the HDR to modify the DNA to the desired sequence. (europa.eu)

Mammalian MutY homologue (MUTYH) is an adenine DNA glycosylase that excises adenine inserted opposite 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG). (elsevierpure.com)
Apr 15, 2003 - Dr. Qingyi Wei, M.D. Anderson, Houston, Tx - DNA Repair Function, Polymorphisms and Cancer Risk in the General Population Mar 11, 2003 - Dr. Sankar Mitra, Univ of Texas, Galveston - Oxidative Damage Repair and Its Co-ordination in the Mammalian Genome. (bio.net)

CHIP-mediated degradation and DNA damage-dependent stabilization regulate base excision repair proteins. (ox.ac.uk)

It is likely that this pathway utilized a flap endonuclease to process the single-stranded DNA that occurs during repair synthesis. (jefferson.edu)
Escherichia coli endonuclease III (EndoIII) and MutY are DNA glycosylases that contain [4Fe4S] clusters and that serve to maintain the integrity of the genome after oxidative stress. (caltech.edu)
DNA damage during chromothripsis is caused by deoxyinosine formation on accumulated RNA-DNA hybrids in micronuclei that are then recognized by N -methyl-purine DNA glycosylase and cleaved by apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease. (nature.com)
It is also reported that MUTYH has a Zn-binding motif in a unique interdomain connector (IDC) region, which interacts with Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 complex (9-1-1) in DNA damage response, and with apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) in BER. (elsevierpure.com)

The investigation reported in Chapter Three characterized the repair of uracil mismatches and apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites in DNA by a total cell lysate from P. falciparum. (jefferson.edu)

In this study, I have used various techniques to investigate interactions mediating the DNA synthesis/ligation steps of BER, to better understand the way in which DNA repair processes are co-ordinated. (ucl.ac.uk)
The non-defective strand is used as a template with the damaged DNA on the other strand removed and replaced by the synthesis of new nucleotides. (news-medical.net)
1990. Cell replication and unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) activity of low molecular weight chlorinated paraffins in the rat liver in vivo. (cdc.gov)
Using in vitro single- and double-stranded DNA synthesis assays, we demonstrated that excess Pol β perturbs the replicative machinery, favors ddC-TP incorporation into DNA, and consequently promotes chain termination. (aspetjournals.org)

The investigations described in this thesis report two novel findings: (1) the identification of a new class of adenine specific single-stranded DNA glycosylases and (2) the first description of DNA repair activities in Plasmodium falciparum, the protozoan parasite that causes human malaria. (jefferson.edu)
Additionally, it was found that the removal of adenine by a single-strand DNA glycosylase activity was the first step in the cleavage of DNA. (jefferson.edu)
After the removal of adenine, the DNA was then cleaved, possibly by an associated lyase activity. (jefferson.edu)

Because the mitochondrial DNA of P. falciparum appeared to be the target of gelonin's cytotoxic activity and contained single-stranded regions, we investigated the activity of gelonin on single stranded DNA. (jefferson.edu)
Additionally, we briefly summarize alternate repair events mediated by BER proteins and the role of BER in the repair of mitochondrial DNA damage induced by ROS. (uky.edu)
Long-term screening for primary mitochondrial DNA variants associated with Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy: incidence, penetrance and clinical features. (cdc.gov)

DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase II (EC 3.2.2.21) is an enzyme that catalyses the following chemical reaction: Hydrolysis of alkylated DNA, releasing 3-methyladenine, 3-methylguanine, 7-methylguanine, and 7-methyladenine Involved in the removal of alkylated bases from DNA in Escherichia coli. (wikipedia.org)
Examples of this mechanism are the base excision repair glycosylases and the restriction enzyme methylases. (elsevierpure.com)
The results predict that the FPG enzyme should flip out the cytosine base paired with the scissile 8OG, not the target base itself. (elsevierpure.com)
Combining a modified Cas9 enzyme with an unrelated one derived from the immune system of the sea lamprey, researchers demonstrate yet another way to edit a single DNA nucleotide. (the-scientist.com)
The more reactive a particular base is, the more easily it might be found and removed by an enzyme. (sciencedaily.com)
The acidity of other mutated DNA bases was also measured to see how the acidity relates back to the enzyme activity. (sciencedaily.com)
CRISPR uses a disc of genetic material, known as plasmid DNA, to deliver guided ribonucleic acid (RNA) that positions the Cas9 enzyme at the precise location of the target gene. (eurekalert.org)

Both the native and recombinant forms of gelonin were found to cause the degradation of single stranded DNA. (jefferson.edu)
This activity was unique, as there is no other report of a DNA glycosylase/AP lyase that acts on single stranded DNA. (jefferson.edu)
Surprisingly, these short single-stranded oligonucleotides (ODN) showed a similar gene correction frequency to chimeric RNA-DNA oligonucleotide, measured using the same system. (nih.gov)
RNA is a single stranded molecule, generally, with a single base. (speakerdeck.com)

Oxidative DNA damage and repair, and applications in environmental toxicology. (nist.gov)
Genetic and Environmental Toxicology Association of Northern California (GETA) 2018 Spring Symposium on DNA Damage, Repair and Replication, Sacramento, CA, April 23, 2018. (nist.gov)
Inhibition of DNA glycosylases in development of cancer therapeutics," 52nd Congress of the European Societies of Toxicology (EUROTOX2016), Seville, Spain, September 5, 2016. (nist.gov)
DNA damage and its repair in cancer," 9th Congress of the Turkish Society of Toxicology and the Hellenic Society of Toxicology of Greece, Cesme, Izmir, Turkey, October 23, 2015. (nist.gov)

The 'BRCT' domain, first noted in the C-terminus of the product of the BRCA1 breast cancer suppressor gene (BRCA1 Carboxy Terminal), has been identified in~50 proteins involved in DNA repair/recombination/cell cycle control. (ucl.ac.uk)
Homologous recombination involves the exchange of nucleotide sequences to repair damaged bases on both strands of DNA through the utilization of a sister chromatid. (news-medical.net)

Finally, we discuss the relation of BER and oxidative DNA damage in the onset of human disease. (uky.edu)

2022. Ribonucleotide incorporation by eukaryotic B-family DNA replicases and its consequences. (nih.gov)

I have used DNA ligase III-XRCC1 as a model system to study BRCT domains. (ucl.ac.uk)

Methylation of guanine bases produces a change in the structure of DNA by forming a product that is complimentary to thymine rather than cytosine. (news-medical.net)

The structures elucidated the repair mechanism for the A:8-oxoG mispair including DNA replication-coupled repair process involving MUTYH and PCNA. (elsevierpure.com)

Small molecule inhibitors of DNA glycosylases as potential drugs in cancer therapy," 2nd International Conference on Molecular Biology, Nucleic Acids & Molecular Medicine (Keynote Speaker), Philadelphia, PA, September 1, 2017. (nist.gov)
Application of mass spectrometry in the discovery of small molecule inhibitors of DNA repair proteins as potential anticancer drugs," 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Mass Spectrometry, Chicago, IL, July 20, 2016. (nist.gov)
Small molecule inhibitors of DNA glycosylases as potential drugs in chemo- and radiotherapies," 14th International Workshop on Radiation Damage to DNA, Melbourne, Australia, March 21, 2016. (nist.gov)
DNA is a molecule of paramount importance due to its fundamental biological role in carrying and storing genetic information. (mdpi.com)
Each DNA molecule is a long double helix that resembles a spiral staircase containing millions of steps. (msdmanuals.com)
The DNA molecule is a long, coiled double helix that resembles a spiral staircase. (msdmanuals.com)

The second, methylpurine-DNA glycosylase (MPG) Pfam PF02245 is found in vertebrates including humans. (wikipedia.org)
This mechanism is used to repair the formation of pyrimidine dimers from UV light within humans. (news-medical.net)
As a major defense against environmental damage to cells DNA repair is present in all organisms examined including bacteria, yeast, drosophila, fish, amphibians, rodents and humans. (nih.gov)
After thoroughly reviewing the available scientific literature, the Working Group classified acrolein as probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A) on the basis of sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals and strong mechanistic evidence. (who.int)
Crotonaldehyde and arecoline were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) on the basis of strong mechanistic evidence. (who.int)
Acrolein was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A) on the basis of sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals and strong mechanistic evidence. (who.int)
The strong evidence was primarily from studies in human primary cells and studies in experimental systems, supported by studies on DNA adducts in humans. (who.int)

DNA repair processes employ numerous proteins whose efficient function depends on interactions with each other. (ucl.ac.uk)

Repair of damaged DNA is required to maintain the integrity of genetic information. (ucl.ac.uk)
The repair of damage to both DNA strands is particularly important in maintaining genomic integrity. (news-medical.net)
Alternative joining has an undefined mechanism for repairing double strand breaks but is known to risk genomic integrity by joining end breaks on different chromosomes. (news-medical.net)
As such, its stability is key for safeguarding DNA integrity from external stress. (mdpi.com)

The dynamics trajectories were analyzed to identify those properties of the DNA structure in the vicinity of the altered base, or its dynamics, that could contribute to molecular discrimination between substrate and non-substrate DNA sites. (elsevierpure.com)
Dodson, ML & Lloyd, RS 2001, ' Backbone dynamics of DNA containing 8-oxoguanine: Importance for substrate recognition by base excision repair glycosylases ', Mutation Research - DNA Repair , vol. 487, no. 3-4, pp. 93-108. (elsevierpure.com)
Analysis of double-strand break synapses with Pol λ reveals basis for unique substrate specificity. (nih.gov)

When the DNA changes, so do the genetic messages it carries. (sciencedaily.com)
Recent rapid declines in CRC incidence rates have largely been attributed to increases in screening that can detect and remove precancerous polyps, and the decrease in death rates for CRC largely reflects improvements in early detection, treatment and the understanding of molecular/genetic basis of CRC. (wjgnet.com)
In parallel, much progress has been made in the understanding of the molecular and genetic basis of CRC[ 2 - 4 ]. (wjgnet.com)
Before molecular genetic diagnostics became available in the 1990s, a comprehensive family history was the only basis from which to estimate the familial risk of colorectal cancer. (medscape.com)
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the cell's genetic material, contained in chromosomes within the cell nucleus and mitochondria. (msdmanuals.com)

The steps of the staircase consist of pairs of four types of molecules called bases (nucleotides). (msdmanuals.com)

Base-excision repair involves the recognition and removal of a single damaged base. (news-medical.net)

Direct reversal of DNA damage is a mechanism of repair that does not require a template and is applied to two main types of damage. (news-medical.net)
Excision is the general mechanism by which repairs are made when one of the double helix strands is damaged. (news-medical.net)
As part of this repair mechanism, the TFIIH complex opens up the section of double-stranded DNA that surrounds the damage. (medlineplus.gov)

Relating in vitro to in vivo exposures with physiologically based tissue dosimetry and tissue response models. (cdc.gov)

A web-based search of all original articles about the impact of gene polymorphisms on toxicity and response to therapy in HNSCCs was done until September 2021 using international English language databases including Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed and Web of science. (researchsquare.com)
Jan 21, 2003 - Tues 12:30PM - Dr. Jack Taylor, NIEHS - Epidemiologic studies of DNA repair gene polymorphisms and cancer risk Dec 17, 2002 - Dr. John Tainer, UC Berkeley - Conformational Controls and DNA Repair Coordination - [Note: The posting of this talk will be delayed at the request of the speaker. (bio.net)
In this study, we focus on evaluating association between DNA repair polymorphisms of EXO1, RPA1, and prognosis in lung cancer patients whom received platinum-based chemotherapy. (hindawi.com)

Bac- disease and to study the clinical and biological features of terial DNA can be detected during the same period and also as far as dead microorganisms remain in tissues. (cdc.gov)
individual DNA repair capacity in lym- but to explain biological variance. (cdc.gov)

DNA repair and damage response contribute to genomic instability that accompanies tumor progression. (hindawi.com)

Mice homozygous for a targeted null mutation are viable and fertile but exhibit increased sensitivity to the DNA interstrand cross-linking agent mitomycin C. (jax.org)

The investigation showed that the lysate was capable of removing uracil from DNA, generating AP sites. (jefferson.edu)
It appears that the cell-free lysate from P. falciparum possesses a complete pathway for the repair of uracil damage and AP sites. (jefferson.edu)

Classical nonhomologous end joining connects the break ends without a homologous template through the use of short DNA sequences called microhomologies. (news-medical.net)

Damage to DNA is caused by the incorporation of incorrect nucleotide bases during DNA replication and the chemical changes caused by spontaneous mutation or exposure to environmental factors such as radiation. (news-medical.net)
MUTYH is involved in base excision repair (BER) with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in DNA replication, which is unique and critical for effective mutation-avoidance. (elsevierpure.com)
Mutation Research - DNA Repair , 487 (3-4), 93-108. (elsevierpure.com)
So the rate of mutation in most DNA viruses is relatively low. (speakerdeck.com)
The ones that fix themselves can pass the repair, or "mutation," to their progeny. (eurekalert.org)

DNA adducts are a form of DNA damage caused by covalent attachment of a chemical moiety to DNA. (nature.com)

The first step in a targeted genome modification requires the CRISPR-Cas nuclease to generate a specific DNA double-strand break (DSB). (europa.eu)

In it, two strands, composed of sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate molecules, are connected by pairs of four molecules called bases, which form the steps of the staircase. (msdmanuals.com)

The DNA damage repair response (DDR) is a signaling cascade. (researchsquare.com)
It has a preference for cancer cells, it has a preference for cells that have a significant amount of DNA damage repair. (dallasnews.com)
By targeting DNA damage repair, LP-184 shows promise toward treating several different types of solid tumor cancers. (dallasnews.com)

DNA damage occurs frequently, but normal cells are usually able to fix it before it can cause problems. (medlineplus.gov)
Without enough of the TFIIH complex, cells cannot effectively repair DNA damage caused by UV rays. (medlineplus.gov)
[2] In medicine, alkylation of DNA is used in chemotherapy to damage the DNA of cancer cells. (wikipedia.org)
Only 20% to 30% of the targeted cells will receive gene-editing DNA when using CRISPR. (eurekalert.org)
The issue, Lian said, is that most cells with this break identify it as a major problem with the genome and will self-destruct instead of trying to repair themselves. (eurekalert.org)

Anatomy14

Organisms7

Diseases21

Chemicals and Drugs113

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Phenomena and Processes83

Information Science3

Health Care5

Polymerase9

Mismatch8

Lesions12

Protein15

Genes9

Pathways6

Enzymes13

Nucleotide excisi6

Mechanisms5

Mutations5

Sequence3

Mammalian2

Excision Repair Proteins1

Endonuclease4

Apurinic1

Synthesis4

Adenine3

Mitochondrial3

Enzyme7

Single-stranded4

Toxicology4

Recombination2

Oxidative1

20221

Ligase1

Cytosine1

Replication-coupled repair1

Molecule6

Humans7

Processes1

Integrity4

SUBSTRATE3

Genetic5

Nucleotides1

RECOGNITION1

Mechanism3

Vitro1

Polymorphisms3

Biological2

Instability1

Interstrand1

Uracil2

Homologous1

Mutation5

Adducts1

CRISPR-Cas1

Strands1

Damage repair3

Cells5