Basaltic rises volcanoes magma and volcanic eruptions. Medical search. Frequent questions

Volcanic eruptions come in all sorts of styles from lava flows pouring out the top, to brief events from large bubbles bursting, to continuous fountains of drops of magma, to highly explosive eruptions with fragments traveling upwards in columns many kilometres high. (ukri.org)
This shape is a result of the lava flows that are emitted during their eruptions. (hawaiistar.com)
During these eruptions, the lava flows steadily from the volcanic vent, slowly building up the shield-shaped cone over time. (hawaiistar.com)
Another characteristic feature of shield volcanoes is their layered lava flows. (hawaiistar.com)
When magma rises to the surface and erupts, it can take the form of lava flows, ash, and pyroclastic materials such as pumice and tephra. (oneyoungindia.com)
Shield volcanoes, on the other hand, are relatively flat volcanoes that are formed by the eruption of relatively fluid lava flows. (oneyoungindia.com)
Submarine eruptions at mid-ocean ridges produce fresh lava flows like these pillow lavas, that form as lava slowly oozes out of a fissure on the seafloor. (noaa.gov)
Twentieth-century eruptions were mildly explosive until 1967, but after 1970 several larger eruptions produced lava flows and basaltic pyroclastic flows, greatly modifying the summit crater. (morewoodbikes.com)
Digital surface model of the Cumbre Vieja new volcano edifice and lava flows (La Palma, Spain) as of 27 September 2021, produced from 915 UAS derived aerial photographs using the Structure-from-Motion method. (researchgate.net)
Formation of the northern volcanic edifice began ca. 10,000 y.B.P. Five pyroclastic cones were built up successively, and subordinate lava flows or pyroclastic flows accompanied with them. (ne.jp)
Repeated eruptions from the vents have built up Medake and Kodake cones and their associated lava flows. (ne.jp)
During the shield-building stage, lava flows from numerous vents built up to form a broad shield-shaped volcano. (teagantravels.com)
They are typically steep-sided, symmetrical cones of large dimension built of alternating layers of lava flows, volcanic ash, cinders, blocks, and bombs and may rise as much as 8,000 feet above their bases. (solarviews.com)
Shield volcanoes, the third type of volcano, are built almost entirely of fluid lava flows. (solarviews.com)
Although a "boiling lava lake" eruption has been in the volcanological literature since 1925, a translation of the original source of that report by Wetzstein (1860) clearly shows that he was describing solidified crater floor surface features and lava flows. (si.edu)
On to news: To go with the news that lava flows from Kilauea creep ever closer to structures in Kalapana, the NASA Earth Observatory posts its first volcano image in a bit. (scienceblogs.com)
Basaltic lava flows can be of two different kinds. (blogspot.com)
Hundreds of cinder cone volcanoes and lava flows are scattered across a distinctive gray landscape of their own creation. (stonecherubs.org)
Hawaiiâ s Mount Kilauea is a shield volcano, a type of volcano usually composed almost entirely of fluid lava flows. (ecowebsupport.org)
Eruptions of Hualalai Volcano in 1800-01 occurred from 5 vents with two lava flows reaching the sea. (ecowebsupport.org)
Basaltic lava could flow quite fast and the gentle slopes of the volcano may lead to unexpected turns of lava flows. (wondermondo.com)
These volcanoes are mostly made up of fluid lava flows. (outforia.com)
Composite volcanoes are made of pyroclastic deposits , lava flows, and volcanic domes. (outforia.com)

2001) of Etna changing from a hot-spot to a subduction type volcano and thus becoming more explosive There hasn't been any further research into this area to my knowledge - but certainly Etna has demonstrated that it has more explosive potential than was believed previously, both in the form of new eruptions - in particular, the very ash-rich 2002-2003 eruption - and in evidence coming from research on Etna's eruptive history. (scienceblogs.com)
Unlike some other types of volcanoes that have explosive eruptions, shield volcanoes are known for their relatively calm and non-explosive activity. (hawaiistar.com)
The low viscosity allows the lava to flow easily and smoothly, rather than building up pressure and causing explosive eruptions. (hawaiistar.com)
Instead of explosive eruptions, shield volcanoes often have what is known as effusive eruptions. (hawaiistar.com)
This continuous, non-explosive activity is one of the reasons why shield volcanoes can grow to such large sizes. (hawaiistar.com)
Explosive eruptions are characterized by the explosive release of gases from magma, which produces a plume of ash, pumice, and other pyroclastic materials. (oneyoungindia.com)
Stratovolcanoes are tall, cone-shaped volcanoes that are formed by explosive eruptions of viscous magma. (oneyoungindia.com)
Subduction zone volcanic belts are typically associated with explosive andesitic volcanoes, which are formed by the eruption of intermediate-silica magma. (oneyoungindia.com)
This difference in compositions is reflected in the fact that mid-ocean ridge eruptions are generally non-explosive, whereas arc eruptions often are explosive. (noaa.gov)
The explosive activity of the 2021 Tajogaite eruption eludes pigeonholing into well‐defined eruption styles, with a variety of pyroclast ejection modes occurring both alternately and simultaneously at multiple vents. (researchgate.net)
Compared to explosive eruptions, limited studies have been conducted on the products of low explosivity events (e.g., lava fountains, strombolian eruptions) as they generally generate rather coarsegrained deposits. (researchgate.net)
The evolution of the KVC started with interaction of water-saturated Late Miocene (Pannonian) mud, sand, sandstone with rising basaltic magma triggering phreatomagmatic explosive maar-diatreme forming eruptions. (geologicacarpathica.com)
These explosive eruptions in the northern part of the volcanic complex took place in a N-S aligned paleovalley. (geologicacarpathica.com)
As groundwater supply was depleted during volcanic activity the eruption style became dominated by more magmatic explosive-fragmentation leading to the formation of a mostly spatter-dominated scoria cone that is capping the basal maar-diatreme deposits. (geologicacarpathica.com)
Deception Island (South Shetland Islands) is one of the most active volcanoes in Antarctica, with more than 20 explosive eruptive events registered over the past two centuries. (nature.com)
These eruptions produced more explosive magma types such as andesite and dacite which are more viscous than basaltic lava. (teagantravels.com)
The characteristics of the supervolcano include non-explosive magma eruptions and relatively shallow slopes. (heymondo.com)
Explosive eruptions caused by gas rapidly expanding and escaping from molten lava formed cinders that fell back around the vent, building up the cone to a height of 1,200 feet. (solarviews.com)
The last explosive eruption left a funnel-shaped crater at the top of the cone. (solarviews.com)

Unlike other types of volcanoes, such as stratovolcanoes with steep sides, shield volcanoes have a broad, low-angle profile. (hawaiistar.com)
There are 3 major types of volcanoes: Cinder Cone Volcanoes These are the simplest type of volcano. (studyres.com)
What are the four primary types of volcanoes? (studyres.com)
Three main types of volcanoes are cinder cones, composite volcanoes, and shield volcanoes. (outforia.com)
There are different types of volcanoes , which experience different processes of magma production and eruption. (outforia.com)

An active volcano is one that is currently erupting or has erupted recently. (oneyoungindia.com)
Mount Etna, located in Italy, holds the title of Europe's most active volcano and ranks among the world's largest. (civilsdaily.com)
Teide is an active volcano whose last eruption occurred in 1909. (heymondo.com)
Kilauea Volcano is the world's most active volcano, with the most recent eruption beginning in 1983 and continuing through today. (ecowebsupport.org)
Still considered an active volcano, the 8,271-foot Hualalai is showing no signs of unrest, said Frank Trusdell, a geologist with the U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. (ecowebsupport.org)
Kilauea, the worldâ s most active volcanic mass, situated on the southeastern part of the island of Hawaii, Hawaii state, U.S. HualÄ lai is the third most active volcano on the Island of Hawaii! (ecowebsupport.org)
It is the most active volcano in the Philippines. (merithub.com)
Mammoth Mountain is an active volcano that is sleeping at present time. (greatdreams.com)
Erta Ale - the most active volcano in Ethiopia - has formed over the East African Rift system. (wondermondo.com)

Sierra Negra is an 1100 m high shield volcano on Isabela Island, Galápagos (Fig. 1A ). (nature.com)
Shield volcanoes are some of the largest volcanoes on Earth, known for their enormous size and relatively gentle slope. (hawaiistar.com)
The Hawaiian Islands were formed by a chain of shield volcanoes that erupted from a hot spot deep beneath the Pacific Ocean floor. (hawaiistar.com)
Shield volcanoes in Hawaii are characterized by their enormous size, low slope, steady lava flow, and caldera at the summit that forms when the top collapses. (hawaiistar.com)
In this approximately 3000 word article, we will explore what makes Hawaiian shield volcanoes unique, how they erupt and build the islands over time, and examine the most famous and active shield volcanoes in Hawaii like Mauna Loa and Kilauea. (hawaiistar.com)
What Are Shield Volcanoes? (hawaiistar.com)
These iconic landforms are known as shield volcanoes, named for their resemblance to a warrior's shield lying on the ground. (hawaiistar.com)
Shield volcanoes are a unique type of volcano characterized by their shape, eruption style, and composition. (hawaiistar.com)
One of the defining features of shield volcanoes is their gentle slope. (hawaiistar.com)
Shield volcanoes are also known for their impressive size. (hawaiistar.com)
Mauna Loa, located in Hawaii, is the largest shield volcano in the world, with a volume of approximately 18,000 cubic kilometers. (hawaiistar.com)
This is because the lava that erupts from shield volcanoes is typically low in silica content, which results in low viscosity. (hawaiistar.com)
For more information about shield volcanoes, you can visit the United States Geological Survey (USGS) website . (hawaiistar.com)
It provides detailed information about shield volcanoes and their unique characteristics. (hawaiistar.com)
During that time, magma slowly trickled out of the ground from a subsurface shield volcano , which has since become dormant. (livescience.com)
The most significant peak the road passes is Mauna Ulu, which is a shield volcano that has built up since 1968. (depositsmag.com)
The island is primarily composed of Kauai shield lavas, which are part of the Honolulu Volcanics volcanic series. (teagantravels.com)
The shield-building stage was characterized by low-viscosity basaltic lava that flowed easily across the surface, creating gently sloping landscapes. (teagantravels.com)
During this time period, volcanic activity shifted to smaller vents on the flanks of the shield volcano. (teagantravels.com)
Geologists generally group volcanoes into four main kinds--cinder cones, composite volcanoes, shield volcanoes, and lava domes. (solarviews.com)
But, remarkably, these traits also describe Masaya volcano, a broad basaltic shield just outside the city of Managua in Nicaragua. (hawaiipulse.com)
Kino's "Santa Clara" was resurrected as a geologic name when it was discovered that the trachyte shield volcano is neither "To'ak" (black) nor is it "Pinacate" (alkali basalt), but something quite different. (stonecherubs.org)
i think it is a shield volcano. (ecowebsupport.org)
Hualalai is the westermost shield volcano on the island of Hawaii. (ecowebsupport.org)
Another type of volcano is the shield volcano. (ecowebsupport.org)
3. Many of the Hawaiian Volcanoes are shield volcanoes. (ecowebsupport.org)
Hualalai is a Shield volcano. (ecowebsupport.org)
It is 8271 feet high and is the third largest and third most active shield volcano on â ¦ It's most recent eruption was in 1801. (ecowebsupport.org)
Hualalai volcano, at the western end of the island, is the third youngest shield volcano on Hawaii. (ecowebsupport.org)
The Hualalai volcano is a dormant, quiet erupting, shield volcano. (ecowebsupport.org)
Examples of shield volcanoes: Hualalai, Mauna Loa, Kohala Volcano. (ecowebsupport.org)
Erta Ale is a typical basaltic shield volcano with very gentle slopes. (wondermondo.com)
Shield volcanoes - Massive volcanoes that can be miles wide and up to 33,000 ft (10,058 m) tall with gentle slopes. (outforia.com)

Recent large basaltic eruptions began after only minor surface uplift and seismicity, and resulted in caldera subsidence. (nature.com)
Here we combine a unique multiparametric dataset to show how the 2018 eruption of Sierra Negra contributed to caldera resurgence. (nature.com)
Although co-eruptive magma withdrawal resulted in 8.5 m of subsidence, net uplift of the inner-caldera on a trapdoor fault resulted in 1.5 m of permanent resurgence. (nature.com)
These observations reveal the importance of intra-caldera faulting in affecting resurgence, and the mechanisms of eruption in the absence of well-developed rift systems. (nature.com)
Galápagos Island volcanoes have generally not developed subaerial rift zones, like systems in Hawaii or the Canary Islands, which exert a first-order control on shallow magma migration and emplacement, and subsequent caldera formation. (nature.com)
Integration of geodetic, seismic, and geochemical observations through the eruption cycle of a Galápagos caldera offers the possibility of new insights into critical processes, thus starting to fill a major gap in our understanding of basaltic volcanism. (nature.com)
A caldera is a large, circular depression that is formed by the collapse of a volcano into a magma chamber. (oneyoungindia.com)
main strato cone, syn-caldera formation, and post-caldera eruption stages, in descending order. (ne.jp)
In order to reveal the comprehensive eruption history in the post-caldera stage of the volcano, correlation between eruptives constituting the volcanic edifices and dispersed air-fall tephra are investigated, along with re-examining geology of the volcanic edifices formed in the concurring stage. (ne.jp)
The revealed outline of eruption history is as follows : Tholeiitic magmatism has been dominant through the stage, with episodic calc-alkalic magmatism at the final activitiy in the northern region (ca. 4,000-3,100 y.B.P.). Relatively large eruptions occurred at the beginning of the stage (ca. 13,000 to 10,000 y.B.P.), resulting in caldera and probably large horse-shoe shaped crater as well, rather than forming volcanic edifices. (ne.jp)
After ceasing the magmatism in the northern area, volcanism in the southern area was initiated by phreato-magmatic explosion in the floor of the south caldera about 2,500 y.B.P., followed by vulcanian eruptions, lasting until ca. 1,600 y.B.P. About 1,500 y.B.P., eruption center was localized to two major vents at northern part of the caldera. (ne.jp)
The depth varies, however: lava rose and overflowed onto the caldera floor several times in 2018 and 2019 because of varying pressure in Kilauea's magma chamber. (depositsmag.com)
Below the caldera, there rests a massive ''summit reservoir'' magma chamber that primarily feeds the active fire pit, directly above it. (depositsmag.com)
The eruption left a huge caldera 43 miles by 18 miles (70 by 30 kilometers) sitting over a huge magma chamber. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The formation of monogenic scoria cones nearly 300 m high, lava tubes and basalt sheets up to 80 m thick and more than 40 km2 in area and subsidence of the Plosky Tolbachik summit caldera to a depth of more than 400 m were observed during the eruption. (kscnet.ru)
Maguskin M.A., Dvigalo V.N., Grib E.N., Ivanov V.V. The 1996-2003 eruptions in the Akademii Nauk Caldera and at the Karymsky volcano, Kamchatka // IUGG-2003 Abstract. (kscnet.ru)
The elevation of the caldera walls reach 9,800-11,500 feet (3,000-3,500 m), except in the east, where the wall rises only 500 feet (150 m) to an elevation of 7,550 feet (2,300 m). (greatdreams.com)

Volcanoes are geological features characterized by openings or vents through which lava, tephra (small rocks), and steam erupt onto the Earth's surface. (civilsdaily.com)
Cinder cones are made of volcanic ash, cinders, and rocks called tephra . (outforia.com)

Magma is produced by the partial melting of the Earth's mantle and crust, and it is the source of the materials that make up a volcano. (oneyoungindia.com)
The type of volcanism that occurs at a particular volcano is influenced by the type of magma that is present, the structure of the Earth's crust, and the tectonic setting in which the volcano is located. (oneyoungindia.com)
Fissure eruptions occur along a crack or fissure in the Earth's surface, while central vent eruptions occur at a single point on the volcano. (oneyoungindia.com)
There are several different types of volcanic belts, which are regions of the Earth's crust where volcanism is more common. (oneyoungindia.com)
Mid-ocean ridge volcanoes also have more primitive lava compositions because the lava comes more or less directly from the Earth's interior without changing much. (noaa.gov)
Large volcanic eruptions blast mercury gas into the upper atmosphere, where today it circulates for a year or two before raining out onto Earth's surface. (scitechdaily.com)
Volcanic eruptions are essentially the result of magma, or molten rock, beneath the Earth's surface rising, bubbling, and ultimately overflowing, much like boiling milk spilling out of a pot on a stove. (civilsdaily.com)
The vent sits in the middle of a zone of crustal weakness, known as the Capitan lineament, where magma easily rises through Earth's crust and erupts on the surface, according to USGS. (livescience.com)
As magma rose up from deep within the earth's mantle, it created fissures in the ocean floor through which lava flowed out and solidified into rock formations. (teagantravels.com)
Some of the Earth's grandest mountains are composite volcanoes--sometimes called stratovolcanoes . (solarviews.com)
The essential feature of a composite volcano is a conduit system through which magma from a reservoir deep in the Earth's crust rises to the surface. (solarviews.com)
magma (molten rock) emerging as a liquid onto the Earth's surface. (blogspot.com)
Some of the Earth's most visually spectacular mountains are composite volcanoes-sometimes called stratovolcanoes. (askageologist.com)
Volcano: an opening in Earth's crust through which molten rock, rock fragments, and hot gases erupt. (merithub.com)
In some cases, at least 1% of Earth's surface has been directly covered in volcanic rock, being equivalent to the size of small continents with comparable crustal thicknesses. (geoscienceworld.org)
Volcanoes are openings in the Earth's surface that allow magma to reach the surface, where it becomes lava. (outforia.com)
The movement of Earth's tectonic plates and hot spots can create volcanoes. (outforia.com)
Volcanic eruptions occur due to processes within the Earth's layers, including the rising of magma and its interaction with water or groundwater. (outforia.com)
Volcanoes are defined as an opening in the Earth's surface , or a vent, that allows hot magma to travel up to the surface. (outforia.com)
Vents need to be present to allow magma to escape above the Earth's surface. (outforia.com)
Magma isn't permanently present in the Earth's mantle or crust. (outforia.com)
All other things (including the water table) being equal, an inflating volcano will show up as a decrease in the gravity field - the gravimeter is being moved farther away from the Earth's center, and the pull of gravity falls off as (1/radius distance squared). (ldsscientist.com)

The melting of the mantle wedge above the subducting plate produced magma that rose to the surface and formed Hawaiian volcanoes. (teagantravels.com)

Consequently, there are no multidisciplinary studies of the volcanic processes underpinning Galápagos Island volcanism. (nature.com)
Volcanism is the process by which magma, molten rock, and ash are erupted from a volcano. (oneyoungindia.com)
This paper describes how change in eruption styles together with lateral migration of the volcanism forms an amalgamated vent complex. (geologicacarpathica.com)
Composition of magma was abruptly changed from andesitic to basaltic around 8,000 y.B.P., and the basaltic volcanism lasted to 7,000 y.B.P. After ca. 3,000 years of dormancy, phreatic explosions occurred successively, probably giving rise to horse-shoe shaped crater at the center of the northern area. (ne.jp)
During this time period, new volcanism occurred along fractures within the existing volcanic edifice or along newly formed fissure zones. (teagantravels.com)
Geologists from many parts of the world studied Parícutin during its lifetime and learned a great deal about volcanism, its products, and the modification of a volcanic landform by erosion. (solarviews.com)
Recent basaltic volcanism of Jordan and its implications on the geodynamic history of the Dead Sea shear zone. (si.edu)
Climatologists may disagree on how much the recent global warming is natural or manmade but there is general agreement that volcanism constitutes a wildcard in climate, producing significant global scale cooling for at least a few years following a major eruption. (wattsupwiththat.com)

Where tectonic plates are moving apart, molten rock or magma rises up from deep within the Earth to fill the gap, and in doing so, creates new ocean floor. (noaa.gov)
This molten rock rises back up to the surface to feed chains of active volcanoes called volcanic arcs. (noaa.gov)
Hot-spot: A pool of molten magma in the upper mantle. (studyres.com)
Magma is molten rock . (outforia.com)
The landscape is dotted with thousands of features born from magma, lava, and the ever-churning molten interior of the Earth. (canyonsandchefs.com)

2001) call a "mantle window", and which is held responsible for significant decompression in the underlying mantle, generating magma - in fact, THE magma that feeds Etna. (scienceblogs.com)
So to my knowledge that's the currently preferred hypothesis concerning the question why Etna is there, and so Etna would actually be a type of volcano unlike all others, which certainly fits with its extremely complicated and versatile dynamics. (scienceblogs.com)
Mt Etna Volcano Laboratory. (scienceblogs.com)
Finally, we will use the results of the experiments and theoretical work to interpret infrasounds produced by basalt eruptions at Stromboli and Etna volcanoes in Italy. (ukri.org)
Large and powerful low pressure system in the Central U.S. This was the case in 2010 when despite 20,000 people being evacuated the death toll … The great eruption of Mt Etna in 1669 destroyed the city of Catania but no one was killed. (morewoodbikes.com)
Volcanic eruptions often make headlines only when iconic volcanoes like Etna, Kilauea, or Eyjafjallajokull erupt. (civilsdaily.com)
Valerio claims that "the fact that Etna is continuously active allows us to capture many evolutionary processes, within a decade or less, which, at any other volcano would (only) be seen over much larger spans of decades or centuries. (sciencedaily.com)
As a consequence, "Etna is probably one of the best monitored and studied volcanoes in the world. (sciencedaily.com)

Cinder cones are the simplest type of volcano. (solarviews.com)
This type of volcano includes most of the tallest and largest volcanoes on earth. (ecowebsupport.org)
The two main features present in every type of volcano include vents and conduits. (outforia.com)

Where submarine volcanoes bring hot magma near the seafloor or erupt lava at the surface, seafloor hot springs called hydrothermal vents are common. (noaa.gov)
Because the DNA of organisms living at seafloor hot springs is very primitive, some scientists believe that life on Earth may have originated at deep sea hydrothermal vents on submarine volcanoes. (noaa.gov)
The magma seeks pathways to vents within the volcano, where it erupts and is expelled across the land and into the atmosphere, a phenomenon referred to as lava. (civilsdaily.com)
However, along a complex series of ground fractures, it also feeds several subsidiary volcanoes and volcanic vents. (depositsmag.com)
Most composite volcanoes have a crater at the summit which contains a central vent or a clustered group of vents. (solarviews.com)
They are usually large, steep-walled, basin-shaped depressions formed by the collapse of a large area over, and around, a volcanic vent or vents. (solarviews.com)
Volcanoes and vents where the lava first surfaces can be spectacular. (blogspot.com)
Interestingly enough, submarine volcanos vents and fissures are estimated to account for 75% of the annual magma output. (blogspot.com)
Valerio and his fellow researchers have been using data collected over the past ten years from thermal imaging satellites, ground measurements and onsite monitoring of the volcano to document its unruly behavior and try and work out why it has more vents than most volcanoes. (sciencedaily.com)
Why Does a Mature Volcano Need New Vents? (sciencedaily.com)
If enough pressure builds up, the magma emerges from vents. (outforia.com)
Once the magma exits the vents of a volcano, it becomes lava. (outforia.com)
Conduits are the reservoirs that magma travels through to reach the vents. (outforia.com)

Magma supply to a shallow reservoir drove 6.5 m of pre-eruptive uplift and seismicity over thirteen years, including an Mw5.4 earthquake that triggered the eruption. (nature.com)
However, the minor pre-eruptive uplift and seismicity preceding these eruptions provided little warning of the scale of these forthcoming events. (nature.com)
Plain Language Summary Volcanoes are amongst the most fascinating and mysterious subjects of science, for they allow no direct observation of what is happening within the conduit during eruptive activity. (researchgate.net)
Volcanic explosions are inherently dynamic events, modulated by the vent from which they erupt, yet their eruptive activity modulates vent geometry. (researchgate.net)
Identifying accurate topographic variations associated with volcanic eruptions plays a key role in obtaining information on eruptive parameters, volcano structure, input data for volcano processes modelling, and civil protection and recovery actions. (researchgate.net)
The 2021 eruption of Cumbre Vieja volcano is the largest eruptive event in the recorded history for. (researchgate.net)
In this study, we carried out volcanic facies analysis of the eruptive products of the KVC in order to determine the possible role of changing magma fragmentation styles and/or vent migration responsible for the formation of this volcano. (geologicacarpathica.com)

As the Pacific plate moves slowly over the hot spot, magma rises to the surface, creating volcanic activity. (hawaiistar.com)

The term is mainly used where a continental crust is drifting across a stationary hot spot, which periodically erupts to form a chain of volcanoes with progressively younger ages. (studyres.com)

Basaltic volcanoes produce some of the most interesting infrasounds because bubble merging (coalescence), bubble rise, and gas separation from the surrounding liquid (segregation) are all easy because basalt has a low viscosity compared to other types of magma. (ukri.org)
The sand is a recent addition: the rock itself is older, and volcanic: thick tufa, topped by a layer of basalt. (volcanocafe.org)
These rocks are trachytes, rich in feldspar, whose magmas evolved from a basaltic parent as crystals of dark minerals grew in the liquid and removed the elements that make basalt black. (stonecherubs.org)
It was the largest basalt eruption which has taken place in the Kurile-Kamchatka volcanic belt in historic time. (kscnet.ru)
Due to shrinking during the cooling of magma, the basalt joints form a systematic pattern. (gov.tw)

I had a chance to watch a new NOVA special that airs May 5 (PBS) on the 1980-1986 and 2004-2008 eruption cycles at Mt. Saint Helens, along with the recovery of the blast zone from the 1980 eruption. (scienceblogs.com)
a great example is seen inside the crater formed by the eruption in 1980 of Mount St Helens. (askageologist.com)
Fedotov S.A., Ivanov B.V. The Main Eruptions of Volcanoes in Kamchatka and Kurile Islands in the 1980 // Comptes rendus of the XIX General Assembly of the I.U.G.G.: Vancouver, August 9-22, 1987. (kscnet.ru)

The big island of Hawaii is the largest of the current Hawaiian Islands and is made of five volcanoes (Kohala, Mauna Kea, Hualalai, Mauna Loa and Kilauea). (ecowebsupport.org)
The Hualalai Volcano is one of five volcanos on the Big Island of Hawai'i -- Kohala, Mauna Kea, Hualalai, Mauna Loa, and Kilauea. (ecowebsupport.org)

Villarrica is one of a small number in the world, known to have an active magma lake within its crater with its lava of basaltic-andesitic composition. (heymondo.com)
Most cinder cones have a bowl-shaped crater at the summit and rarely rise more than a thousand feet or so above their surroundings. (solarviews.com)
This order of events--eruption, formation of cone and crater, lava flow--is a common sequence in the formation of cinder cones. (solarviews.com)
An interesting variation of a composite volcano can be seen at Crater Lake in Oregon. (solarviews.com)
Depressions such as Crater Lake, formed by collapse of volcanoes, are known as calderas . (solarviews.com)
To most Volcano Watch readers, these descriptions would rouse thoughts of Halema`uma`u Crater, at KilaueaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s summit. (hawaiipulse.com)
The team observed how over the past few decades eruptions have moved from a central crater to a new one developed to its south, before that too was soon abandoned and another cone, to the southeast, quickly formed and rose to dominance. (sciencedaily.com)
Located in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, it is an elongated dome built of lava eruptions from a central crater and from lines of craters extending along â ¦ Swarms of earthquakes in 1929 were probably the result of magma movement within the volcano but there was not an eruption. (ecowebsupport.org)
Cinder cones generally feature steep slopes that form a conical mountain, with a noticeable crater that gives the volcano a flat shape at its top. (ecowebsupport.org)
T he longest living lava lake in the world is found in the crater of Erta Ale - a very remote volcano in Ethiopia. (wondermondo.com)

The volcano is built up by the accumulation of material erupted through the conduit and increases in size as lava, cinders, ash, etc., are added to its slopes. (solarviews.com)
They are typically large, steep-sided cones built of alternating layers of lava, volcanic ash, cinders, lava blocks and airborne bombs. (askageologist.com)

Mid-ocean ridge volcanic belts are typically associated with basaltic volcanoes, which are formed by the eruption of low-silica magma. (oneyoungindia.com)
Intraplate volcanic belts are typically associated with basaltic volcanoes, and they are thought to be caused by the upwelling of hot, mantle-derived magma. (oneyoungindia.com)
Seamounts are typically formed from extinct volcanoes that rise abruptly and are usually found rising from the seafloor to 1,000-4,000 m (3,300-13,100 ft) in height. (zinctrapshoo313.sbs)
Types of Magma Basaltic magma When rock in the upper mantle melts, basaltic magma typically forms. (studyres.com)
Aerosols from tropical volcanic eruptions like the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption spread over the entire globe, whereas high-latitude eruptions typically have aerosols which remain in the hemisphere in which they where injected. (wattsupwiththat.com)
This is why areas located at the plate boundaries typically have volcanoes. (outforia.com)
Cinder cone - Small volcanoes typically less than 1,000 ft (305 m) tall. (outforia.com)
These features, which dot the landscape of the San Francisco Volcanic Field, typically lie along fault lines, or fractures in the crust. (canyonsandchefs.com)

Yasur in Vanuatu first erupted around 1270 and has maintained its volcanic activity, continuing as of June 9, 2023. (civilsdaily.com)

The resulting volcano is characterized by quiet eruptions. (studyres.com)

We will, for instance, evaluate whether small volcanic explosions result from the bursting of large individual bubbles or whether the explosions are the bursting of clouds of bubbles. (ukri.org)
Following a series of tremendous explosions about 6,800 years ago, the volcano lost its top. (solarviews.com)
Mount ErebusÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ lava lake is notable, in part, because of the frequent small explosions in which large gas bubbles can be seen rising to the surface and bursting in spectacular fashion. (hawaiipulse.com)
Vulcanian eruptions create powerful explosions in which material can travel faster than 350 meters per second (800 mph) and rise several kilometers into the air. (ecowebsupport.org)

Almost all the volcanoes on Earth occur where tectonic plates are either moving apart or are moving together. (noaa.gov)
Such processes are known to occur during phreatomagmatic eruptions at various depths, lateral locations, and energies. (researchgate.net)
They occur when particles and blobs of lava are ejected from a volcanic vent. (studyres.com)
An extreme carbon-releasing mechanism can occur when magma invades a sedimentary basin containing extensive deposits of fossil fuels. (skepticalscience.com)
4. Where do volcanoes occur? (merithub.com)
Authorities are saying that the odds of more volcanic activity at Mt. Popocatepetl are "immediate to high", and if a full-blown Plinian eruption were to occur it would be the worst natural disaster in the modern history of North America. (theeconomiccollapseblog.com)

1984). Al Harrah, a large basaltic volcanic field in northwestern Saudi Arabia, covers an area of 15,200 km 2 and forms the southern third of the harrat across a 210-km-long, roughly 75-km-wide area. (si.edu)

The Kopasz-hegy Volcanic Complex (KVC) is inferred to be a vent complex, which evolved in a relatively complex way as compared to a classical "sensu stricto" monogenetic volcano. (geologicacarpathica.com)
The latest news from the EyjafjallajÃ¶kull eruption has the volcano erupting more explosively again (see above), possibly due to an increased influx of water into the vent area - in any case, the ash has become denser (by volume in the air) and the plume is higher (see below) than in the last couple of weeks. (scienceblogs.com)
Some domes appear as craggy knobs, sometimes as spines over the source volcanic vent. (askageologist.com)
Meanwhile, a volcano in Washington state is starting to vent steam and gas. (theeconomiccollapseblog.com)

Yellowstone has registered three major volcanic eruption events in the last 2.2 million years with the last event occurring 640,000 years ago. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The result is a classic descriptive work of a major volcanic eruption. (kscnet.ru)

They result from both their own eruptions and the broader processes of tectonic plate movement. (civilsdaily.com)
Volcanoes are formed when one tectonic plate moves over another. (merithub.com)

If an eruption occurs, the cycle then returns the volatiles into the oceans and atmosphere The surface expression of subduction zones are arc-trench complexes. (wikipedia.org)
To the east, in the Ionian Sea, oceanic lithosphere making up the northern margin of the African plate is subducted beneath the southern margin of the Eurasian plate (the Calabrian Arc), the volcanoes of the Aeolian Islands being the result of the subduction-related melting processes. (scienceblogs.com)
Examples of subduction zone volcanic belts include the Andes in South America and the Cascades in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. (oneyoungindia.com)

Fedotov S.A., Chirkov A.M. The large fissure eruption in the region of Plosky Tolbachik volcano in Kamchatka, 1975-1976 // Bulletin Volcanologique. (kscnet.ru)
The paper describes the course of the Large Tolbachik fissure eruption taking place in Kamchatka from July 6, 1975 to December 10, 1976. (kscnet.ru)
Fedotov S.A., Gorelchik V.I., Stepanov V.V. Seismological Studies on the Mechanism of the Large Tolbachik Fissure Eruption, 1975-1976 // Bulletin Volcanologique. (kscnet.ru)
Seismological observations provided consistent information on the course and mechanism of the complicated large fissure eruption at Tolbachik volcano in Kamchatka from July 6, 1975 to December 10, 1976. (kscnet.ru)
Fedotov S.A., Kovalev G.N., Markhinin Y.K., Slezin Y.B., Tsyurupa A.I., Gusev N.A., Andreyev V.I., Leonov V.L., Ovsyannikov A.A. Chronology and features of the Southern Breakthrough of the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption, 1975-1976 / The Great Tolbachik Eruption. (kscnet.ru)
Fedotov S.A., Markhinin E.K. The Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption: Geological and Geophysical Data 1975-1976. (kscnet.ru)
Fissure Eruptions on Erta Ale , NASA Earth Observatory. (wondermondo.com)

The rheology of crystallizing basaltic lavas from Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira volcanoes, D.R.C . Volcanica 3(1):1-28, 10.30909/vol.03.01.0128. (nih.gov)
The campus is located at 74 - 4966 Hualalai The reef occurs on the flanks of two active volcanoes, Mauna Loa and Hualalai, and the lavas from both volcanoes both underlie and overlie the submerged reef. (ecowebsupport.org)

Kauai, the oldest of Hawaii's main islands, boasts a diverse range of geological formations that are a result of its formation from Hawaiian volcanoes. (teagantravels.com)
Today it is estimated by the U.S. Geological Survey that the world's volcanoes release between 180 and 440 million tonnes of carbon dioxide per year - as opposed to the ~35 billion tonnes we release. (skepticalscience.com)
The results of geological and geophysical studies, including recent ones, which make it possible to verify the existence of a liquid magma chamber below the Avachinsky volcano on Kamchatka, and to estimate the chamber depth and approximate dimensions, are analyzed. (kscnet.ru)
When you think of a volcano, a steep mountain-shaped geological feature may come to mind. (outforia.com)

This was when the summit magma chamber partly drained, perhaps associated with the extensive outflowing of lava towards Pahoa. (depositsmag.com)
Whether lava ever reached the surface is not known: what we see is the solidified conduit feeding the (or fed from) the magma chamber. (volcanocafe.org)
Fedotov S.A., Sugrobov V.M., Utkin I.S., Utkina L.I. On the possibility of using heat stored in the magma chamber of the Avachinsky volcano and the surrounding rock for heat and power supply // Journal of Volcanology and Seismology. (kscnet.ru)
A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface. (merithub.com)
The eruption was so colossal that the magma chamber under the now destroyed volcano was emptied to the point of collapse. (greatdreams.com)
Afterwards, we headed to the highest part of the island to visit a pair of pit craters formed long ago by a magma chamber. (expeditions.com)

By studying these layers, scientists can gain valuable insights into the volcano's eruption history and the processes that have shaped the landscape over time. (hawaiistar.com)
Persistent lava lakes are invaluable to scientists because they offer a Ã¢â‚¬Å"natural laboratoryÃ¢â‚¬Â for volcanic processes. (hawaiipulse.com)
Intergration of K-Ar geochronology and remote sensing: Mapping volcanic rocks and constraining the timing of alternation processes (Al-Lajat Plateau, Syria). (si.edu)
Valerio and his colleagues warn that the new zones of weakness recently formed on the volcano summit may result from these processes and may an increase the chance of volcanic eruptions and landslide hazards. (sciencedaily.com)
That combination of volcano tectonic processes and weathering by wind and ocean waves forms attractive diversity in landforms and landscapes of Penghu. (gov.tw)
Magma emerged at the surface of the crust and the rocks then became eroded by exogenous processes such as weathering and coastal erosion. (gov.tw)
There are a lot of complex processes that magma goes through to produce a volcanic eruption. (outforia.com)

A dormant volcano is one that has not erupted for a long time, but it is still considered to be potentially active. (oneyoungindia.com)
When a composite volcano becomes dormant, erosion begins to destroy the cone. (solarviews.com)
From Dormant to Deadly - What Causes a Volcano to Erupt? (outforia.com)
Volcanoes are classified as active, dormant, or extinct, depending on their activity level and history. (outforia.com)

During the early days of eruption and after several small-scale landslides, the west flank of the edifice partially collapsed on 25 Septemb. (researchgate.net)
The geomorphology of the volcanoes in these regions may be compared to the volcanoes on Mars to assess possible tectonic control on edifice evolution. (studyres.com)
Deformation is used in volcanology to look for - and then track - inflation in a volcanic edifice. (ldsscientist.com)

A last gasp of eruptions produced a small cinder cone, which rises above the water surface as Wizard Island near the rim of the lake. (solarviews.com)
quarter km 3 volume of the largest "cinder cone" volcano), it managed to avoid attracting attention during the early explorations of the field. (stonecherubs.org)
Cinder cone" is the common name for monogenetic volcanoes like these more-or-less conical hills on the Santa Clara summit platform. (stonecherubs.org)
Parícutin Volcano in Mexico is a great example of a cinder cone volcano. (merithub.com)
Red Mountain is what is known as a "cinder cone", which is essentially a dwarf volcano. (canyonsandchefs.com)

Many of the world's most active volcanoes are concentrated in the Pacific Ring of Fire , encompassing regions like New Zealand, Southeast Asia, Japan, and the western coast of the Americas. (civilsdaily.com)
Probably one of the world's most active volcanoes. (merithub.com)

In the Pacific Northwest there are roughly 3,500 different volcanic features, ranging from small spatter-cones to visually arresting, conical-shaped composite "stratovolcanoes" like Mount Hood and Mount Shasta. (askageologist.com)

However, the work by engineers has been motivated by industrial flows with liquids that have a much lower viscosity than magma (that is, the liquids flow much more easily) and they have run experiments in tubes that are much smaller than conduits in volcanoes. (ukri.org)
So it is difficult to properly apply the engineering results to volcanic flows. (ukri.org)
People drive around the summit when there are no active magma flows. (heymondo.com)
Enormous volumes of volcanic ash and dust were expelled and swept down the slopes as ash flows and avalanches. (solarviews.com)
Thin basaltic flows "generally contain many holes, or vesicles, left by bubbles of gas frozen into the congealing liquid. (blogspot.com)

Oct. 30, 2020 Specially-adapted drones have been gathering data from never-before-explored volcanoes that will enable local communities to better forecast future eruptions. (sciencedaily.com)
This flow is the youngest on Hualalai Volcano and future eruptions of a similar type would pose considerable hazard to life as well as property. (ecowebsupport.org)

created by numerous eruptions over more than a million years, from the same, evolving magma body. (stonecherubs.org)
These volcanoes can have numerous eruptions that take place over the course of hundreds of thousands of years. (outforia.com)

The proposed project takes this approach to study how gases escape from volcanoes, and how the abundance of gas and flow patterns inside the volcano can be assessed from acoustic signals (sounds) measured with microphones. (ukri.org)
Gases provide the main driving force for volcanic eruptions and the various types of eruptions have been explained using the framework of gas-liquid flow patterns observed in laboratory experiments by engineers. (ukri.org)
In particular, we will use air and syrup as analogues for volcanic gases and melt, and will observe flow patterns and bubble geometries for a variety gas flow rates, tube sizes and syrup viscosities. (ukri.org)
This is important because gases drive volcanic eruptions and play a key role in controlling eruption style and intensity. (ukri.org)
As the magma approaches the surface, the gases bubble out and escape. (hawaiipulse.com)
At late stages of unrest, we will start seeing "VT's" - short-period volcanic tremor that is indicative of shallow rock-breaking - and increases in CO2 and H2S gases. (ldsscientist.com)

Our results reveal the existence of a complex plumbing system composed of several shallow magma chambers (≤10 km depth) fed by magmas raised directly from the mantle, or from a magma accumulation zone located at the crust-mantle boundary (15-20 km depth). (nature.com)

These layers can be seen in the exposed sides of the volcano, revealing the history of past eruptions. (hawaiistar.com)

Volcanic pyroclastic materials can come in the form of crystals, volcanic glass, ash, and pyroclastic rocks. (outforia.com)

A level three yellow alert has been issued meaning the chance of volcanic activity is immediate to high. (theeconomiccollapseblog.com)

This change in magma composition led to steeper slopes and more rugged terrain on Kauai. (teagantravels.com)
People use Pico de Fogo slopes to grow coffee and its magma as a building material. (heymondo.com)
Venture onto private land behind 3 locked gates to explore the upper slopes of Konaâ s very own volcano â Hualalai. (ecowebsupport.org)

As these magmas rise into the crust and begin to crystallize, they will reach volatile saturation, and a hydrous, saline, S-rich, moderately oxidized fluid is released, into which chalcophile and any remaining siderophile metals (as well as many other water-soluble elements) will strongly partition. (eurekalert.org)
Most seamounts are volcanic in origin, and thus tend to be found on oceanic crust near mid-ocean ridges , mantle plumes , and island arcs . (zinctrapshoo313.sbs)
Gray crystalline rock mountains of the Basin & Range Geologic Province project through the sand all around the field, proof that the volcanoes are on continental crust. (stonecherubs.org)
The seismological data indicate that the main source of the different erupted basalts (2 km) was a vast system (diameter ca. 80 km) of hydraulically connected magma chambers located in the lower crustal layers or in the crust-mantle transition layer. (kscnet.ru)
Here the crust of Earth is spreading: literally, the Earth is opening here and magma is close to the surface. (wondermondo.com)
As the crust stretches, magma from the subsurface is able to penetrate upwards, leaving its signatures behind. (canyonsandchefs.com)

Volcanoes of Kurile-Kamchatka Island Arc. (kscnet.ru)
Huayu is the only islet composed of andesite lava flow (Volcanic Island Arc type). (gov.tw)

Its low silica content produces low-viscosity magma. (studyres.com)

The KVC is located in the central part of the BBHVF and is one of the youngest (2.8-2.5 Ma) volcanic erosion remnants of the field. (geologicacarpathica.com)
The island formed through a series of volcanic eruptions and subsequent erosion. (teagantravels.com)
As the cone is stripped away, the hardened magma filling the conduit (the volcanic plug) and fissures (the dikes) becomes exposed, and it too is slowly reduced by erosion. (solarviews.com)
It is a volcanic plug, dug out by erosion of the surrounding land. (volcanocafe.org)
Seamounts and guyots are most abundant in the North Pacific Ocean, and follow a distinctive evolutionary pattern of eruption, build-up, subsidence and erosion. (zinctrapshoo313.sbs)
An issue with describing volcanoes is that they change in shape as they evolve, and then subsequent erosion further erases key features over time. (askageologist.com)
The volcanic domes of the archipelago had experienced serious weather ing and erosion. (gov.tw)

Ulawun is a tall conical stratovolcano built up by many layers of basaltic and andesitic rocks, and it is located on the island of New England, which is part of the Province of West New Britain in the northeastern part of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea. (morewoodbikes.com)
They are defined by oceanographers as independent features that rise to at least 1,000 m (3,281 ft) above the seafloor, characteristically of conical form. (zinctrapshoo313.sbs)
A seamount is technically defined as an isolated rise in elevation of 1,000 m (3,281 ft) or more from the surrounding seafloor, and with a limited summit area, [5] of conical form. (zinctrapshoo313.sbs)

Featured image: Eruption at Ulawun volcano at 11:20 UTC on August 3, 2019. (morewoodbikes.com)
https://watchers.news/2019/08/03/ulawun-volcano-eruption-august-3-2019 This photo shows an eruption in January 1970. (morewoodbikes.com)
https://watchers.news/2019/06/26/ulawun-volcano-eruption-june-26-2019 And the estimated death toll is near 5000 to 6000. (morewoodbikes.com)

Ulawun is a basaltic and andesitic stratovolcano in West New Britain Province, on the island of New Britain in Papua New Guinea. (morewoodbikes.com)
The symmetrical basaltic-to-andesitic Ulawun stratovolcano is the highest volcano of the Bismarck arc, and one of Papua New Guinea's most frequently active. (morewoodbikes.com)
Calc-alkali andesitic magma e#used to build up a small pyroclastic cone immediately after the major explosion event. (ne.jp)

The uneven, textured appearance of the frozen lava is the result of light scattering off fissures, collapses and depressions in the volcanic rock, according to Earth Observatory. (livescience.com)

The latest eruption occurred at the summit of Medake in 1970 AD. (ne.jp)
Its summit rises to 12,188 ft., the highest point in Spain , and above sea level in the islands of the Atlantic. (heymondo.com)

The Kilauea volcano in Hawaii captivated the world with a nearly nonstop eruption that began in 1983 and continued for an astonishing 35 years until 2018. (civilsdaily.com)
Kilauea volcano dominates the southeast of Hawaii's Big Island. (depositsmag.com)

Arc volcanoes are cone-shaped, centralized and isolated. (noaa.gov)
The volcanoes here are not cone-shaped giant mountains that from time to time explode, killing all around them. (wondermondo.com)

Isotopic compositions of rocks on Kauai provide insight into the island's formation process and fractionation during magma generation. (teagantravels.com)
How the formation of Volcanoes takes place? (merithub.com)
3) Mineral and energy resources, with major platinum group elements (PGEs) and precious metal resources, are hosted in these provinces, as well as magmatism impacting on the hydrocarbon potential of volcanic basins and rifted margins through enhancing source-rock maturation, providing fluid migration pathways, and initiating trap formation. (geoscienceworld.org)
The formation of Penghu basalts represents the event that crustal deformation occurred in the East China Sea and the South China Sea between 17.4 million and 8.2 million years ago with successive volcanic eruptions. (gov.tw)
It is known for its distinctive Pinnacle Rock, a towering volcanic formation that rises out of the sea. (expeditions.com)

Recent eruptions (1967, 1969, and 1970) and the volcanic unrest episodes that happened in 1992, 1999, and 2014-2015 demonstrate that the occurrence of future volcanic activity is a valid and pressing concern for scientists, technical and logistic personnel, and tourists, that are visiting or working on or near the island. (nature.com)
Erta Ale volcano, in a remote part of Ethiopia, has hosted a lava lake since at least 1967. (hawaiipulse.com)
The current eruption started in 1967 and has not stopped since then. (wondermondo.com)

Some of the most conspicuous and beautiful mountains in the world are composite volcanoes, including Mount Fuji in Japan, Mount Cotopaxi in Ecuador, Mount Shasta in California, Mount Hood in Oregon, and Mount St. Helens and Mount Rainier in Washington. (solarviews.com)
Some of the most conspicuous and beautiful mountains in the world are composite volcanoes, and these include Mount Fuji in Japan, Mount Cotopaxi in Ecuador, Mount Shasta in California, Mount Hood in Oregon, and Mount Rainier in Washington. (askageologist.com)
Composite volcanoes - Mid-sized volcanoes that can reach up to 20,000 ft (6,096 m) above sea level or more. (outforia.com)

These types of monogenetic volcanoes are usually evolved in a slightly different way than their "simple" counterparts. (geologicacarpathica.com)

Sounds, mostly at frequencies below what we can hear (infrasounds), are produced by all styles of volcanic activity and are thought to be related to gas bubbles and gas flow. (ukri.org)
Its massive size is a testament to the long periods of volcanic activity that have built up the volcano over thousands of years. (hawaiistar.com)
Each layer represents a different period of volcanic activity, with older layers at the bottom and younger layers towards the top. (hawaiistar.com)
The Hawaiian Islands are a remarkable result of volcanic activity that has been ongoing for millions of years. (hawaiistar.com)
This volcanic activity is attributed to a deep mantle plume, or a column of hot, buoyant material rising from deep within the Earth. (hawaiistar.com)
This classification is based on the current level of activity at a volcano. (oneyoungindia.com)
Therefore, the occurrence of future volcanic activity would become a serious cause for concern for scientists (see for instance the destruction of the recent Chilean and British scientific bases), technical and logistic personnel, and tourists, staying on the island or nearby. (nature.com)
Its recorded volcanic activity dates back to 1500 B.C., with over 200 eruptions documented since then. (civilsdaily.com)
Erupting since August 1933, Dukono volcano in Indonesia stands as a testament to long-term volcanic activity, defying the passage of time. (civilsdaily.com)
The island was formed by volcanic activity that began over five million years ago. (teagantravels.com)
Section 2: Volcanic Activity - SS. (studyres.com)
Lets look at volcanic activity in Alaska, Iceland and Kamchatka in eastern Russia. (wattsupwiththat.com)
Fedotov S.A., Gorelchik V.I., Zharinov N.A. Deformations and earthquakes of Kliuchevskoi Volcano: a model of its activity // Comptes rendus of the XIX General Assembly of the I.U.G.G.: Vancouver, August 9-22, 1987. (kscnet.ru)
Due to its remote location, Erta Ale has been seldom visited by scientists and we know little about its activity in the past, but there are reports about eruptions in 1873, 1903, 1904, 1906, 1940, and 1960. (wondermondo.com)
Beginning about 4 million years ago, widespread volcanic activity started in earnest in this region that is now known as the southern portion of the Colorado Plateau. (canyonsandchefs.com)
On the most intense scales, volcanic activity created the massive mountain that ultimately erupted catastrophically, blowing its top and collapsing in on itself. (canyonsandchefs.com)
Roughly 740,000 years ago, myriad pulses of volcanic activity produced basaltic lava that extruded, or flowed, out onto the surface. (canyonsandchefs.com)

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs2

Phenomena and Processes8

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Health Care1

Lava flows23

Explosive19

Types of volcanoes5

Active volcano9

Shield33

Caldera17

Tephra2

Earth's22

Formed Hawaiian volcanoes1

Volcanism8

Molten5

Etna8

Type of volcano3

Vents13

Eruptive7

Creating volcanic activity1

Erupts1

Basalt5

19803

Mauna Loa and Kilauea2

Crater10

Cinders2

Typically8

20231

Quiet eruptions1

Explosions4

Occur6

Large basaltic1

Vent4

Major volcanic eruption2

Tectonic plate2

Subduction3

Fissure7

Lavas2

Geological4

Chamber6

Processes7

Dormant4

Edifice3

Cinder cone5

World's most active2

Stratovolcanoes1

Flows5

Future eruptions2

Numerous eruptions2

Gases6

Shallow1

Past eruptions1

Pyroclastic materials1

Chance of volcanic1

Slopes3

Crust6

Island arc2

Silica content1

Erosion7

Conical3

20193

Andesitic3

Fissures1

Summit2

Kilauea Volcano2

Cone-shaped2

Formation5

19673

Composite3

Monogenetic volcanoes1

Activity17