• They are major constituents of the basement membrane, namely the basal lamina (the protein network foundation for most cells and organs). (wikipedia.org)
  • Abnormal laminin-332, which is essential for epithelial cell adhesion to the basement membrane, leads to a condition called junctional epidermolysis bullosa, characterized by generalized blisters, exuberant granulation tissue of skin and mucosa, and pitted teeth. (wikipedia.org)
  • A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. (lookformedical.com)
  • Laminins are heterotrimeric proteins with a high molecular mass (~400 to ~900 kDa) and possess three different chains (α, β and γ) encoded by five, four, and three paralogous genes in humans, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
  • The trimeric proteins intersect, composing a cruciform structure that is able to bind to other molecules of the extracellular matrix and cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • To confirm the immunohistochemical results, three proteins, fascin, CK14 and laminin-5γ2, which were overexpressed in ESCC on tissue microarray, were detected in 12 ESCC cell lines by Western blot assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Laminins are integral to the structural scaffolding of almost every tissue of an organism-secreted and incorporated into cell-associated extracellular matrices. (wikipedia.org)
  • Type IV collagen is the major structural component of glomerular basement membranes (GBM), forming a 'chicken-wire' meshwork together with laminins, proteoglycans and entactin/nidogen. (cusabio.com)
  • Some of these biological functions of laminin have been associated with specific amino-acid sequences or fragments of laminin. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, the peptide sequence [GTFALRGDNGDNGQ], which is located on the alpha-chain of laminin, promotes the adhesion of endothelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Laminins are enriched at the lesion site after peripheral nerve injury and are secreted by Schwann cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • defective laminins can cause muscles to form improperly, leading to a form of muscular dystrophy, lethal skin blistering disease (junctional epidermolysis bullosa), and/or defects of the kidney filter (nephrotic syndrome). (wikipedia.org)
  • Epidermolysis bullosa is classified into four major categories: (1) epidermolysis bullosa simplex (intraepidermal skin separation), (2) junctional epidermolysis bullosa (skin separation in lamina lucida or central BMZ), (3) dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (sublamina densa BMZ separation, as in the images below), and (4) Kindler syndrome (extremely rare, blistering at any level). (medscape.com)
  • The laminins are combinations of different alpha-, beta-, and gamma-chains. (wikipedia.org)
  • Laminins form independent networks and are associated with type IV collagen networks via entactin, fibronectin, and perlecan. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, growth cones are repelled by netrin when grown on laminin-111 but are attracted to netrin when grown on fibronectin. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] This effect of laminin-111 probably occurs through a lowering of intracellular cyclic AMP. (wikipedia.org)
  • Neurons of the peripheral nervous system express integrin receptors that attach to laminins and promote neuroregeneration after injury. (wikipedia.org)
  • In muscle, it binds to alpha-dystroglycan and integrin alpha7-beta1 via the G domain, and via the other end, it binds to the extracellular matrix. (wikipedia.org)
  • Collagen XVII is a transmembrane collagenous protein that interacts with alpha-4 integrin and BP230 intracellularly and with laminin-332 extracellularly. (medscape.com)
  • These structures contain the extracellular portions of collagen XVII (BP180) and alpha-6-beta-4 integrin. (medscape.com)
  • These neurons are hence dependent upon RG extensions to support their migration from apical to basal regions. (frontiersin.org)
  • This review will focus on extracellular factors which influence RG morphology and pyramidal neuronal migration during normal development and their perturbations in pathology. (frontiersin.org)
  • Changes in one or several of these components influencing the RG extracellular environment can disrupt the development or maintenance of RG architecture on which neuronal migration relies, leading to a range of cortical malformations. (frontiersin.org)
  • At the superior aspect of the BMZ, keratin-containing intermediate filaments of the basal cell cytoskeleton insert on basal cell plasma membrane condensations termed hemidesmosomes. (medscape.com)
  • Keratins 5 and 14 combine to form intermediate filaments in basal keratinocytes. (medscape.com)
  • In both rodent and primate, aRGs generate further basal intermediate neurogenic progenitors (IPs) residing in the subventricular zone (SVZ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Anchoring filaments extend from the basal cell plasma membrane into the extracellular environment and span the lamina lucida, connecting hemidesmosomes with the lamina densa. (medscape.com)
  • At the most inferior aspect of the BMZ, type VII collagen‒containing anchoring fibrils extend from the lamina densa into the papillary dermis, connecting the lamina densa to anchoring plaques, trapping interstitial collagen fibrils. (medscape.com)
  • aRGs have a particular morphology as they grow processes that extend from the apical to the basal side of the cortex. (frontiersin.org)
  • Laminins are heterotrimeric proteins with a high molecular mass (~400 to ~900 kDa) and possess three different chains (α, β and γ) encoded by five, four, and three paralogous genes in humans, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
  • The laminins are combinations of different alpha-, beta-, and gamma-chains. (wikipedia.org)
  • Laminin-211 is composed of an α2, β1 and γ1 chains. (wikipedia.org)
  • Similar to all members of the family of laminin proteins, laminin-332 is a large heterotrimeric molecule containing alpha-3, beta-3, and gamma-2 chains. (medscape.com)
  • Each laminin is a heterodimer composed of a heavy chain (α) and two light chains (β and γ). (medscape.com)
  • defective laminins can cause muscles to form improperly, leading to a form of muscular dystrophy, lethal skin blistering disease (junctional epidermolysis bullosa), and/or defects of the kidney filter (nephrotic syndrome). (wikipedia.org)
  • Dysfunctional structure of one particular laminin, laminin-211, is the cause of one form of congenital muscular dystrophy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fewer studies have identified the influence of the extracellular environment on this architecture. (frontiersin.org)
  • Laminins are integral to the structural scaffolding of almost every tissue of an organism-secreted and incorporated into cell-associated extracellular matrices. (wikipedia.org)
  • Through these interactions, laminins critically contribute to cell attachment and differentiation, cell shape and movement, maintenance of tissue phenotype, and promotion of tissue survival. (wikipedia.org)
  • Abnormal laminin-332, which is essential for epithelial cell adhesion to the basement membrane, leads to a condition called junctional epidermolysis bullosa, characterized by generalized blisters, exuberant granulation tissue of skin and mucosa, and pitted teeth. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, the cutaneous BMZ connects the extensive basal cell cytoskeletal network with the abundant network of interstitial collagen fibrils in the dermis. (medscape.com)
  • During cortical development, RGs are present in different strategic positions: apical RGs (aRGs) have their cell bodies located in the ventricular zone with an apical process contacting the ventricle, while they also have a basal process extending radially to reach the pial surface of the cortex. (frontiersin.org)
  • The presence of laminin-1 can influence how the growth cone responds to other cues. (wikipedia.org)
  • White-matter changes are not correlated with the amount of laminin-α2, the patient's intelligence, or the presence of seizures. (medscape.com)
  • Clues to the presence of laminin-α2 deficiency include MRI abnormalities, seizures, and demyelinating neuropathy. (medscape.com)
  • They are major constituents of the basement membrane, namely the basal lamina (the protein network foundation for most cells and organs). (wikipedia.org)
  • Laminin-111 is a major substrate along which nerve axons will grow, both in vivo and in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
  • Epidermolysis bullosa is classified into four major categories: (1) epidermolysis bullosa simplex (intraepidermal skin separation), (2) junctional epidermolysis bullosa (skin separation in lamina lucida or central BMZ), (3) dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (sublamina densa BMZ separation, as in the images below), and (4) Kindler syndrome (extremely rare, blistering at any level). (medscape.com)
  • In addition, many laminins had common names before either laminin nomenclature was in place. (wikipedia.org)
  • Clinical variants of MDC1A occur with some mutations when only partial laminin-α2 deficiency is present. (medscape.com)