Basal ganglia lesions. Medical search. Frequent questions

Specific contributions of basal ganglia and cerebellum to the neural tracking of rhythm. (mpg.de)
Various pathways connect Broca area to the frontal lobe, basal ganglia, cerebellum, and contralateral hemisphere. (standardofcare.com)
Caused by lesion of the cerebellum or basal ganglia. (casperdetoledo.com)
Voluntary movement requires complex interaction of the corticospinal (pyramidal) tracts, basal ganglia, and cerebellum (the center for motor coordination) to ensure smooth, purposeful movement without extraneous muscular contractions. (msdmanuals.com)

Brain MRI showed cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and bilateral lentiform nucleus high signal lesions. (unimi.it)
A novel mutation in TTC19 associated with isolated complex III deficiency, cerebellar hypoplasia, and bilateral basal ganglia lesions / L. Melchionda, N.S. Damseh, B.Y. Abu Libdeh, A. Nasca, O. Elpeleg, A. Zanolini, D. Ghezzi. (unimi.it)
Bilateral basal ganglia lesions have been widely reported to be associated with uraemic encephalopathy. (msn.org.my)
There was also extensive overlap between sequential rhythm and sequential order tasks, with both tasks commonly activating bilateral premotor, supplementary motor, and superior/inferior parietal cortical regions, as well as regions of the caudate/putamen of the basal ganglia and the ventro-lateral thalamus. (frontiersin.org)
CT scans showed high-intensity lesions in bilateral basal ganglia ( figure 1A ). (bmj.com)
B) MRI showed increased signal intensity on T1-weighted images in the bilateral basal ganglia. (bmj.com)
Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated small bilateral multifocal hyperintense lesions, with right predilection, involving the periventricular white matter, brain stem and basal ganglia. (nih.gov)
Clinical and imaging evidence suggests that propionic acidemia predisposes patients to bilateral infarcts of the basal ganglia involving the caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus. (medscape.com)

Studies show the importance of the basal ganglia and thalamus in memory, attention, selection and monitoring of information. (bvsalud.org)
It was once believed that the primary function of the basal ganglia was to integrate projections from the cerebral cortex, and project information via the thalamus to the motor cortex. (wikipedia.org)
In the basal ganglia, however, overlapping activation for the sequential rhythm and sequential order tasks, which was found in classic motor circuits of the putamen and ventro-lateral thalamus, could not be accurately differentiated by MVPA. (frontiersin.org)
The basal ganglia, thalamus, and subthalamic region were intact. (eso-stroke.org)
In particular, anterior parietal strokes, without any evidence of involvement of the basal ganglia, thalamus or subthalamic nucleus, have been associated with contralateral hemiballism 5 . (eso-stroke.org)

In this research we analyze four cases with unilateral subcortical lesions after stroke. (bvsalud.org)
We investigated differential characteristic of working memory and learning ability caused by a unilateral basal ganglia lesion (BGL) and a prefrontal lobe lesion (PLL) to provide a strategy for cognitive rehabilitation. (oatext.com)
The patient's ability to recognise facial emotional expressions was intact in spite of unilateral injury of the left insula and basal ganglia. (uniri.hr)
Coggeshall, 1992 ) to estimate the numerical density and absolute numbers of asymmetric synaptic contacts in the neostriatum after unilateral 6-OHDA lesions. (jneurosci.org)
We have investigated the molecular changes that underlie the LDR in rats with a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion. (cun.es)

The memory system of the 'cortex - basal ganglia - thalamic loop' model suggests a need for the participation of the prefrontal lobe (PL) and basal ganglia (BG). (oatext.com)
Through this pathway the basal ganglia is able to initiate voluntary movements by disinhibiting thalamic neurons that drive upper motor neurons. (wikipedia.org)
Proper striatal dopamine release is integral in the suppression of the basal ganglia output, which is needed for increased activity of the thalamic neurons. (wikipedia.org)
however, the two are not mutually exclusive as the phenomenon of anosognosia can occur with temporoparietal, thalamic, or basal ganglia lesions, as well as in psychiatric disorders. (nih.gov)

Neurocomputational models of basal ganglia function has shown us that this model can select the action or make the frontal cortical express a reward or to a correct feedback, reducing the occurrence of errors or negative feedback [7]. (oatext.com)
Research has shown that the basal ganglia can be modeled as a group of components of parallel, re-entrant cortico-subcortical circuits, which originate in cortical areas, traverse the basal ganglia and terminate in specific areas in the frontal lobe. (wikipedia.org)
Increasing research evidence suggests that basal ganglia are an important part of frontal- subcortical circuit which is involved not only in motor control but also in affective, cognitive and executive functions. (uniri.hr)
Brain MRI revealed abnormal lesions in the fornix, corpus callosum, basal ganglia and frontal lobe. (neurology-jp.org)

Research indicates that increased output of the basal ganglia inhibits thalamocortical projection neurons. (wikipedia.org)
If something causes too much basal ganglia output, then the ventral anterior (VA) and ventral lateral (VL) thalamocortical projection neurons become too inhibited, and one cannot initiate voluntary movement. (wikipedia.org)
However, a disorder leading to abnormally low output of the basal ganglia leads to reduced inhibition, and thus excitation, of the thalamocortical projection neurons (VA and VL) which synapse onto the cortex. (wikipedia.org)
This inhibitory effect of dopamine on the indirect pathway serves the same function as its excitatory effects in the direct pathway in that it reduces basal ganglia output, leading to the disinhibition of motor neurons. (wikipedia.org)
This is generally attributed to higher than normal basal ganglia output causing inhibition of thalamocortical motor neurons. (wikipedia.org)
Afterward, we evaluated the degree of damage to hair cells, auditory nerve fibers, and spiral ganglion neurons. (cdc.gov)
Damage to the hair cells, auditory nerve fibers, and spiral ganglion neurons systematically increased in a dose and time-dependent manner. (cdc.gov)
100 microM of Cd for 24 h or 10 microM of Cd for 48 h resulted in considerable damage to auditory nerve fibers and spiral ganglion neurons. (cdc.gov)
These findings are the first to demonstrate that Cd can cause significant lesions to peripheral auditory nerve fibers, spiral ganglion neurons, and sensory hair cells in organotypic cultures from postnatal cochleae. (cdc.gov)

Overall, our results highlight the convergent architecture of the motor system, where complex motor information that is spatially distributed in the cortex converges into a more compact representation in the basal ganglia. (frontiersin.org)
Now we know the cortex and the hippocampus is critical to declarative memory and the basal ganglia are critical to non-declarative memory. (futurelearn.com)
BACKGROUND: Radiological features in patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) are hyperintensity of the cerebral cortex and the basal ganglia displayed by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI). (bvsalud.org)

Dynamic attending and temporal processing in patients with cerebellar or basal ganglia lesions. (mpg.de)
Spontaneous, synchronized, and corrective timing behavior in cerebellar lesion patients. (mpg.de)
Modeling effects of cerebellar and basal ganglia lesions on adaptation and anticipation during sensorimotor synchronization. (mpg.de)

Although various structural lesions have been associated with ballism 5 , damage to the subthalamic nucleus and the pallidosubthalamic pathways appear to play a critical role in its expression. (eso-stroke.org)
Levodopa reversed the lesion-induced increase in the expression of cytochrome oxidase mRNA in the subthalamic nucleus and glutamate decarboxylase mRNA in the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra. (cun.es)
The basal ganglia (caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra) form the extrapyramidal system. (msdmanuals.com)

The sequential rhythm task activated a widespread network centered around the supplementary motor area (SMA) and basal-ganglia regions including the dorsomedial putamen and caudate nucleus, while the sequential order task preferentially activated a fronto-parietal network. (frontiersin.org)

Reasons for abnormal increases or decreases of basal ganglia output are not yet well understood. (wikipedia.org)
abnormal T2 hypointensity of the basal ganglia was more equally distributed with age. (ajnr.org)
Diffusion-weighted imaging did not reveal abnormal restricted diffusion ruling out an acute basal ganglia stroke. (jpgmonline.com)

The consequence of a cingulate lesion is, therefore, distinct to that of a prefrontal lesion. (mit.edu)

The muscle rigidity, tremor at rest, and slowness in initiation and execution of movement that are the cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease are attributed to a reduction in dopaminergic activity in the basal ganglia motor areas, particularly the putamen, due to gradually reduced innervation from the pars compacta of substantia nigra. (wikipedia.org)
Better understanding of the pharmacological actions of dopaminergic drugs in the basal ganglia will lead to better management of patients with levodopa-induced dyskinesia. (bcmj.org)

Where is the culprit cerebral lesion? (eso-stroke.org)
In cases presenting with atypical hemorrhagic MRI lesions, the differential diagnosis of FCCM includes multiple hemorrhagic metastases or hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis. (orpha.net)
Typically cerebral toxoplasmosis manifest as multiple lesions, with a predilection for the basal ganglia and corticomedullary junction. (radiopaedia.org)
The cerebral lesions favor the posterior regions of the hemispheres, with hemianopia and cortical blindness appearing more frequently than hemiparesis. (medscape.com)

The Parkinsonian syndrome found in our patient might be due to involvement of both substantia nigra and basal ganglia. (nih.gov)

Follow-up studies showed cortical hyperintense lesions on T1-weighted MR images, consistent with cortical laminar necrosis. (ajnr.org)

The basal ganglia is a collective group of structures in the brain. (wikipedia.org)
Biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease is a disorder that affects the nervous system, including a group of structures in the brain called the basal ganglia, which help control movement. (medlineplus.gov)

CT hyperintensity and increased signal intensity on T1WI MRI in basal ganglia are characteristic findings observed in 79% and 95% of patients with DS, respectively. (bmj.com)

FCCM patients most often present with multiple lesions, ranging from a few millimeters to a few centimeters in size. (orpha.net)
MRI shows multiple lesions in most FCCM patients in contrast with sporadic cases who harbor only one lesion. (orpha.net)

However, in practice, very few prenatal diagnoses are requested in this disease (mostly in families where several patients have been severely affected with CCMs in the basal ganglia or spinal cord or pons). (orpha.net)

The objective was to analyze and discuss discrepancies in performance on different memory tasks in patients with subcortical lesions. (bvsalud.org)
He showed preserved intellectual function in general, but experienced difficulties on subsets of the executive functions: set- shifting and ability to activate or generate cognitive strategies, commonly found in patients with caudate lesions. (uniri.hr)
The vascular territories of focal brain lesions and the prior medical history of these patients differ substantially from those of typical patients with stroke, can cross vascular territories and show reversibility. (medscape.com)
It is associated with mental illness, dementia, and structural brain lesion, as is seen in right hemisphere stroke patients. (nih.gov)
Among them, similar radiological findings on basal ganglia can be observed in patients with Wilson's disease, hepatic encephalopathy and poisoning (manganese and organic mercury). (bmj.com)
Although basal ganglia involvement is not an uncommon finding on necropsy, there are only single reports on extrapyramidal syndromes-dyskinesia, chorea and Parkinsonism in patients with Behcet's disease. (nih.gov)
This study assessed WMH in patients with migraine using a modified version of the Scheltens visual rating scale, a semiquantitative scale for categorizing WMH in periventricular, lobar, basal ganglia, and infratentorial regions. (frontiersin.org)
The goal of this study was to assess WMHs in patients with migraine using a modified version of the Scheltens visual rating scale ( 13 ), a well-known semi-quantitative rating scale for assessing WMHs in the following brain regions: periventricular, lobar, basal ganglia, and infratentorial (as shown in Figure 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
The clinical and radiologic data indicate that a transient hypoxic-ischemic process could have been responsible for the encephalic lesions in these three patients. (ajnr.org)
In this chapter, ocular lesions of fetal and child FCMD patients are presented, especially focusing on pathological findings of the retina, and functions of fukutin are discussed. (intechopen.com)
Patients with lesions in Broca's area who exhibit agrammatical speech production also show inability to use syntactic information to determine the meaning of sentences. (standardofcare.com)
The relationship between Broca's area and Broca's aphasia is not as consistent as once thought, as lesions to Broca's area alone don't result in a Broca's aphasia, nor do Broca's aphasic patients necessarily have lesions in Broca's area. (standardofcare.com)
When relatively young patients without common risk factors for ischemic stroke present with strokelike episodes and lesions that cross vascular boundaries, MELAS should be considered. (medscape.com)

Without early and lifelong vitamin treatment, people with biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease experience a variety of neurological problems that gradually get worse. (medlineplus.gov)
Many of the neurological problems that can occur in biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease affect movement, and can include involuntary tensing of various muscles (dystonia), muscle rigidity, muscle weakness on one or both sides of the body (hemiparesis or quadriparesis), problems coordinating movements (ataxia), and exaggerated reflexes (hyperreflexia). (medlineplus.gov)

First, I want to talk about the background of how the part of the brain affected by Parkinson's disease -- the basal ganglia -- works. (scienceblogs.com)

After 7 days of levodopa washout, the molecular markers show a decline in the basal ganglia evolving towards the parkinsonian state, being statistically significant for the striatal PDyn mRNA. (cun.es)

Using high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA), we sought to determine the degree to which these complex motor processes are dissociable in basal ganglia and cortical networks. (frontiersin.org)

For radiological quantification, lesions were counted at 10 pre-specified levels. (biomedcentral.com)

Along with other structures, the basal ganglia are part of a neural circuit that is integral to voluntary motor function. (wikipedia.org)

An alternative hypothesis implicates direct basal ganglia damage due to dysfunction of cytochrome-c oxidase. (medscape.com)

thus, lesions involving cortico-striatal fibers may disrupt the balance of basal ganglia circuits. (eso-stroke.org)

Remember that there are two pathways through the basal ganglia. (scienceblogs.com)
suggested that metabolites of the dysfunctional propionic acid and methylmalonic acid pathways may be selectively toxic to the endothelial cells in the basal ganglia. (medscape.com)

Basal ganglia disease is a group of physical problems that occur when the group of nuclei in the brain known as the basal ganglia fail to properly suppress unwanted movements or to properly prime upper motor neuron circuits to initiate motor function. (wikipedia.org)
Understanding these circuits has led to breakthroughs in understanding the disorders of the basal ganglia. (wikipedia.org)

One possible factor could be the natural accumulation of iron in the basal ganglia, causing neurodegeneration due to its involvement in toxic, free-radical reactions. (wikipedia.org)

In this article, we describe the ability of facial emotion recognition and cognitive functioning in a patient with left basal ganglia and insula damage. (uniri.hr)

In the first set of experiments, anterior cingulate lesions did not consistently impair TS or DA performance. (mit.edu)
In the second set of experiments, we confirmed that larger anterior cingulate lesions, which included the sulcus, consistently impaired TS but only led to a mild and equivocal impairment of DA. (mit.edu)

Huntington disease (HD) is an incurable, inherited disorder that occurs from gene mutation and results in the progressive degeneration of nerve cells in the brain [2] .The basal ganglia is the primary location of degeneration, specifically the striatum located within it. (physio-pedia.com)

The major observation considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of retinal lesions is abnormalities in the internal limiting membrane formed by Müller cells, which is corresponding to the glia limitans formed by astrocytes in the brain. (intechopen.com)

Using medical imaging, generalized swelling as well as specific areas of damage (lesions) in the brain can often be seen, including in the basal ganglia. (medlineplus.gov)

The signs and symptoms of biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease usually begin between the ages of 3 and 10, but the disorder can appear at any age. (medlineplus.gov)

The authors confirmed that basal ganglia lesions were not due to hypoxemia, because the hippocampus, which is relatively more sensitive to hypoxemia, was spared. (medscape.com)

Striatal contributions to sensory timing: Voxel-based lesion mapping of electrophysiological markers. (mpg.de)

Ceftriaxone was administrated in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. (edu.hk)

This excess glutamate may be excitotoxic to neuronal cells in the basal ganglia. (medscape.com)

Though motor disorders are the most common associated with the basal ganglia, recent research shows that basal ganglia disorders can lead to other dysfunctions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette syndrome. (wikipedia.org)

They secrete a neurotransmitter called dopamine into a part of the brain called the basal ganglia . (scienceblogs.com)

This study characterizes the concomitant presence of the short-duration response and LDR to levodopa in the 6-OHDA model of parkinsonism and shows that the molecular changes induced by levodopa in the basal ganglia are not permanent and that this reversal after levodopa washout may be responsible for the gradual motor deterioration that characterize the LDR. (cun.es)

The present observations demonstrate that the loss of spines previously reported after 6-hydroxydopamine lesions is accompanied by a loss of asymmetric synapses rather than by the movement of synapses from spines to other postsynaptic targets. (jneurosci.org)
The primary role of the basal ganglia is to coordinate movement so that it is smooth [3] . (physio-pedia.com)

For tremor control in early responders, the Elements Basal Ganglia Atlas autocontour for the VIM provides the optimal SRS target location that is 0.7-0.9 mm lateral to the VIM center. (thejns.org)

Anatomy20

Diseases4

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Cerebellum4

Bilateral8

Thalamus5

Unilateral5

Thalamic4

Frontal4

Neurons9

Cortex3

Cerebellar3

Subthalamic nucleus3

Parietal1

Abnormal3

Prefrontal1

Dopaminergic2

Cerebral4

Substantia nigra1

Hyperintense lesions1

Group of structures in the brain2

Hyperintensity1

Multiple lesions2

Spinal cord1

Patients13

Neurological2

Parkinson's1

Parkinsonian1

Cortical1

Radiological1

Neural1

Cytochrome-c oxida1

Fibers1

Pathways2

Circuits2

Involvement1

Cognitive1

Anterior2

Degeneration1

Abnormalities1

Damage1

Symptoms1

Hippocampus1

Sensory1

Rats1

Glutamate1

Disorders1

Dopamine1

Motor1

Movement2

Lateral1