AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsHealth CareGeographicals
Wuchereria bancroftiWuchereriaFilariasisMicrofilariaElephantiasis, FilarialDiethylcarbamazineFilarioideaOnchocercaFilaricidesOnchocerciasisBrugia malayiIvermectinDirofilaria immitisBrugiaMansonellaOnchocerca volvulusBrugia pahangiMansonelliasisDirofilariasisAntigens, HelminthLoaLoiasisSetaria NematodeDipetalonemaAlbendazoleAnthelminticsAntibodies, HelminthSkin Diseases, ParasiticOnchocerciasis, OcularCulexSimuliidaeDNA, HelminthDipetalonema InfectionsDirofilariaTogoElephantiasisInsect VectorsDirofilaria repensAntinematodal AgentsWolbachiaPolynesiaTesticular HydrocelePapua New GuineaChorioretinitisPleural CavityCulicidaeAntiparasitic AgentsParasitemiaHelminth ProteinsAcanthocheilonemiasisAcanthocheilonemaEndemic DiseasesSterculiaceaeHaitiAfrica, WesternSpermatic CordCameroonGerbillinaeAmerican SamoaLiberiaDog Diseases
WuchereriaLarvaeFilariasisInfectionElephantiasisAntigenOnchocercaMosquitoesNematodesFine Needle AWormsDiethylcarbamazineEndemicParasiteParasiticPeripheralParasitesCarriersInfectiveFilarial diseaseManifestationsDetectionImmunochromatographic testCirculateVolvulusRarerBloodAntigensInfectionsIncidentalFemalesWolbachiaRiver blindnessExaminationLesionsCytologicalDecreasePatientsAssociated symptoms
Wuchereria45
Larvae4
  • Filarial nematodes Onchocerca volvulus is spread by Simulium flies, which deposit larvae and collect microfilariae in the skin. (pediagenosis.com)
  • These adult worms reside in the lymphatic system, where they produce millions of larvae known as microfilariae. (healthida.com)
  • The worms can live for approximately 6-8 years and, during their life time, produce millions of microfilariae (immature larvae) that circulate in the blood. (askdrmakkar.com)
  • Microfilariae mature into infective larvae within the mosquito. (askdrmakkar.com)
Filariasis8
  • quinquefasciatus merupakan vektor filariasis bancrofti di daerah urban. (archive.org)
  • W. bancrofti is responsible for 90.0% of cases of filariasis and is found throughout the tropics and in some sub-tropical areas world-wide. (annexpublishers.co)
  • Understanding the relationship between prevalence of microfilariae and antigenaemia using a model of lymphatic filariasis infection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Lymphatic filariasis mapping by immunochromatographic test cards and baseline microfilaria survey prior to mass drug administration in Sierra Leone. (cellmolbiol.org)
  • Transforming growth factor-ß1 variant Leu10Pro is associated with both lack of microfilariae and differential microfilarial loads in the blood of persons infected with lymphatic filariasis. (cdc.gov)
  • Perhitungan microfilaria rate, didapatkan hasil positif 1.6% dari pemeriksaan apus darah tebal yang berarti pelaksanaan kegiatan POPM filariasis telah menurunkan angka infeksi namun belum mencapai target yang ditentukan/Filariasis is a chronic infectious disease that occurs as a result of the transmission of microfilariae with a mosquito intermediary that sucks blood as vectors. (uki.ac.id)
  • Several crucial indicators help assess the burden of lymphatic filariasis, such as the prevalence rate of infection, the number of microfilaria carriers, and the clinical manifestations of the disease. (healthida.com)
  • Global programmes for control and elimination, such as APOC and OEPA for onchocerciasis and GPELF for lymphatic filariasis have been developed and made significant progress, but existing approaches principally target only the early larval stage of filarial worms known as microfilaria. (biomedcentral.com)
Infection6
  • The aim of the present work was to study W. bancrofti infection in selected endemic areas in Egypt by performing parasitological examination and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antigen detection test, and to analyze the demographic, clinical, and MDA data of the study population in relation to W. bancrofti infection. (eg.net)
  • Parasitological examination and Og4C3 ELISA test were performed to identify W. bancrofti infection. (eg.net)
  • One group of individuals in the endemic community shows no clinical manifestations or microfilariae (Mf), which may be due to insufficient exposure, prepatent infection or adult worm infection without Mf, or clearance of infection. (eg.net)
  • Once detected, infection with Loa loa (loiasis) can be treated with the drug diethylcarbamazine, which kills the immature microfilaria in the bloodstream, and/or surgical removal of adult worms from the eye. (broadinstitute.org)
  • The standard method for diagnosing active infection is the identification of microfilariae in a blood smear by microscopic examination. (askdrmakkar.com)
  • AAWZ1066S showed far superior efficacy (depletion of Wolbachia and sterilisation of microfilaria production) than the 'Gold-standard' anti- Wolbachia drug, doxycycline, at 7-day treatment regimens in two independent filarial infection animal models. (biomedcentral.com)
Elephantiasis1
  • Elephantiasis is easily identified by a physical exam but, definitive diagnosis is done by examining the presence of microfilariae in a blood (blood is always collected at night) smear by microscopic examination. (targetwoman.com)
Antigen2
  • A population from a W. bancrofti - endemic area was evaluated by use of microfilaria(Mf) and adult worm circulating antigen(CAg) enzyme linked immunosorbent assay to demonstrate the relation of these two parameters to age , gender and the clinical status (symptomatic or asymptomatic) of the examined individuals. (egyptianjournal.xyz)
  • The antigen prevalence rate was consistently higher than the microfilaria prevalence rate in all age groups. (egyptianjournal.xyz)
Onchocerca1
Mosquitoes2
  • These microfilariae circulate in the bloodstream, allowing them to be taken up by feeding mosquitoes, completing the transmission cycle. (healthida.com)
  • Mosquitoes are infected with microfilariae by ingesting blood when biting an infected host. (askdrmakkar.com)
Nematodes2
  • Microfilariae of these nematodes show nocturnal periodicity. (microbesinfo.com)
  • Utilizing adults and microfilariae of the human lymphatic filarial parasite Brugia malayi, this project will investigate the biochemical pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism in these filarial nematodes. (grantome.com)
Fine Needle A1
  • Here, we report a case of a 47-year-old male who presented with midline neck swelling, for which he underwent fine needle aspiration cytology which showed microfilaria coexisting with anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid gland. (atpjournal.org)
Worms5
  • Each fertile female can produce millions of microfilariae during her lifetime, and the worms can live for 10-15 years. (medscape.com)
  • A PCR assay targeting cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 confirmed that adult worms from the peritoneal cavity and testicular microfilariae were of the same filarial species. (frontiersin.org)
  • Albendazole is effective against adult worms but not against the immature microfilariae. (wikipedia.org)
  • Note the fibrous tissue surrounding the coils of the adult worms, and the microfilariae within the classic 'double uterus' and in the surrounding tissue. (blogspot.com)
  • Diagnosis is by detection of microfilariae in blood or lymphatic tissue biopsy specimens, ultrasound visualization of adult worms in lymphatics, or serologic testing. (msdmanuals.com)
Diethylcarbamazine1
  • Diethylcarbamazine or DEC is a common drug that is administered to erase the microfilariae from blood. (targetwoman.com)
Endemic1
  • Although the Og4C3 ELISA test is a useful research tool for the study of W. bancrofti infections, its cost and format hinder its wide use in endemic areas. (eg.net)
Parasite1
  • The ability of adults or microfilariae to incorporate 3H-arachidonic acid in vitro into parasite neutral and phospholipids has been assessed utilizing thin layer chromatography and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). (grantome.com)
Parasitic1
  • It is postulated to be caused by microfilariae or by diffusible products from yet undefined parasitic stages. (biomedcentral.com)
Peripheral2
  • On the other hand, the larval stage of the worm - the microfilariae - is found in the peripheral blood of parasitized individuals - since their behavior is not periodical (Nathan et al. (bvsalud.org)
  • His pericardial fluid showed microfilaria, however there was no microfilariae in peripheral blood smear. (ijoimr.com)
Parasites1
  • Although current anthelmintics are effective at killing microfilariae in the bloodstream, they have little to no effect against adult parasites found in the lymphatic system. (bvsalud.org)
Carriers4
  • A concanavalin-A-induced suppressor cell assay was carried out in 10 patients with chronic filarial disease, 13 asymptomatic microfilaria carriers and 7 healthy subjects. (karger.com)
  • Both the chronic filarial patients and the asymptomatic microfilaria carriers showed statistically significant reduced suppression indices when compared with the control subjects. (karger.com)
  • The reduction in suppression indices was greater in the microfilaria carriers than in the chronic filarial patients. (karger.com)
  • It is estimated that currently (after 13 years of the MDA programme) there are an estimated 67.88 million LF cases that include 36.45 million microfilaria carriers, 19.43 million hydrocele cases, and 16.68 million lymphedema cases. (arizona.edu)
Infective1
  • Within the fly, the microfilariae pass through two molts to the third infective stage (L3) over a period of 1-3 weeks. (medscape.com)
Filarial disease1
  • In India alone, 25 million people harbor microfilaria (mf) and 19 million people suffer from filarial disease manifestations [12] . (ophrp.org)
Manifestations1
  • Concurrent administration of corticosteroids should be considered with DEC treatment to minimize the allergic manifestations secondary to the disintegration of microfilariae, particularly in O volvulus and L loa infections. (medscape.com)
Detection1
  • A review of literature reveals detection of microfilaria in most of the commonly performed cytological specimens and mostly they are incidental. (annexpublishers.co)
Immunochromatographic test1
  • The diagnosis of filarial origin was confirmed by the demonstration of microfilaria in the cyst wall and immunochromatographic test (ICT) which was positive. (biomedcentral.com)
Circulate1
  • Gravid adult females produce microfilariae that circulate in blood. (msdmanuals.com)
Volvulus1
  • The lifecycle begins when a black fly ingests larva or microfilariae of O volvulus from the skin of an infected human host. (medscape.com)
Rarer2
Blood3
  • While the standard filarial life cycle pattern involves a vertebrate definitive host and an invertebrate vector, represented by a blood-sucking ectoparasite, our finding suggests that microfilariae of this nematode species may also be semen-borne, with transmission intensity promoted by the polygynous mating system of vespertilionid bats in which an infected male mates with many females during the autumn swarming. (frontiersin.org)
  • Right: Microfilaria of Brugia malayi in a thick blood smear, stained with Giemsa. (cdc.gov)
  • Subsequently, studies on morphological features in blood samples revealed the presence of atypical forms of the microfilariae in Brazil (Adami et al. (bvsalud.org)
Antigens1
  • Microfilariae were identified in one individual while circulating filarial antigens (CFAs) were detected in 10 individuals. (eg.net)
Infections1
  • It is based on the premise that repeated mass drug administration will reduce the microfilaria density in the community and thus halt transmission and new infections. (bmj.com)
Incidental1
  • As an incidental finding, however, microfilariae were observed in the bat semen examined. (frontiersin.org)
Females2
  • Females then release thousands of microfilariae, which move into the surrounding tissues or eyes (causing blindness) where they can be ingested by feeding black flies to complete the life cycle (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • Presence of microfilariae may be expected to decrease semen quality and transmission via this route may challenge the success of reproductive events in females after mating. (frontiersin.org)
Wolbachia2
  • Inflammatory reactions follow the death of microfilariae and are caused by the secretion of toxic products by granulocytes, the deposition of immune complexes in the tissues, and by inflammatory mechanisms induced by release of Wolbachia (bacteria infecting the filariae)‒derived products. (medscape.com)
  • Dead microfilariae in the eyes release Wolbachia that cause inflammation and can lead to interstitial keratitis, band keratopathy, faint iritis or iridocyclitis, posterior synechiae, distortion of the pupil, chorioretinal scarring of the fundus (Hissette-Ridley fundus), and other eye damage-leading to the expression river blindness. (medscape.com)
River blindness1
  • Microfilariae also inhabit the eye, causing 'river blindness', which may be largely due to immune responses. (pediagenosis.com)
Examination1
Lesions1
  • Microfilariae are most abundant in the skin but also invade the eyes, lymph nodes, and other deep organs, where they may produce severe and progressive inflammatory lesions. (medscape.com)
Cytological1
  • It is common to detect microfilariae in various cytological preparations, however there are very few case reports describing microfilariae in bone marrow aspirates. (annexpublishers.co)
Decrease1
  • Its precise mechanism of action is not understood, but it has been shown to induce immobilization of microfilariae by using hyperpolarization effects to decrease muscle activity. (medscape.com)
Patients1
Associated symptoms1
  • The microfilariae are released into the lymphatics, and cause little associated symptoms. (blogspot.com)