• Their pathogenicity partly results from their ability to produce capsular polysaccharide, which is protective against phagocytosis and stimulates abscess formation. (wikipedia.org)
  • This organism has a polysaccharide capsule that apparently stimulates abscess formation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • [ 1 ] group and other anaerobic gram-negative bacilli (AGNB) that were previously included in the Bacteroides genus but are now included in the Prevotella and Porphyromonas genera. (medscape.com)
  • Prevotella bivia and Prevotella disiens (previously called Bacteroides ) are important in obstetric and gynecologic infections. (medscape.com)
  • Two of the candidate families, "Flandersviridae" and "Quimbyviridae", include some of the most common and abundant members of the human gut virome that infect Bacteroides , Parabacteroides , and Prevotella . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Member of the genus Bacteroides are characterized with having the highest numbers of antibiotic resistance mechanisms accompanied by the highest resistance rates amongst anaerobic bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • This allows the genetic transfer of these genes to other Bacteroides species and possibly other more virulent bacteria leading to an overall increase in multi-drug resistance. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Although the B. fragilis group is the most common species found in clinical specimens, it is the least common Bacteroides present in fecal microbiota, comprising only 0.5% of the bacteria present in stool. (wikipedia.org)
  • Infections with bacteria of the genus BACTEROIDES . (lookformedical.com)
  • A species of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria originally classified within the BACTEROIDES genus. (lookformedical.com)
  • Some bacteria protect themselves from their environment by forming a capsule. (bioengineer.org)
  • While most bacteria equip their capsule with only one polysaccharide, B. fragilis can produce eight different ones and combine them into ever new patterns. (bioengineer.org)
  • Now, taking a closer look to this bacteria, E. Coli is encapsulated, meaning it's covered by a polysaccharide layer called a capsule. (osmosis.org)
  • Gram positive - thick peptidoglycan cell wall which may contain antigens (Lancefield) surrounded by a capsule. (abcmedicalnotes.com)
  • Resistance Reservoirs: Bacteroides species accumulate a variety of antibiotic/antimicrobial resistance genes as they reside in the gastrointestinal tract. (wikipedia.org)
  • Organisms of this genus had originally been classified as members of the BACTEROIDES genus but overwhelming biochemical and chemical findings in 1990 indicated the need to separate them from other Bacteroides species, and hence, this new genus was established. (lookformedical.com)
  • Bacteroides ( Bacteroidetes ) decreases may be a reflection of reduced anti-inflammatory commensal species such as B. fragilis . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The virulence factors of B. fragilis probably account for its frequent isolation from clinical specimens despite its relative rarity in normal flora compared with other Bacteroides species. (msdmanuals.com)
  • An experimental model of intra-abdominal sepsis has shown that B. fragilis alone can cause abscesses, whereas other Bacteroides species require the synergistic effect of another organism. (msdmanuals.com)
  • B. fragilis is a bacterial species that colonizes our intestines particularly early and in large numbers after birth. (bioengineer.org)
  • Additional organisms, such as L monocytogenes, Chlamydia pneumoniae, H influenzae, Enterobacter aerogenes, and species of Bacteroides and Clostridium have also been identified in neonatal sepsis. (medscape.com)
  • Inactivity and hypoxia resulted in a significant increase in the genus Bacteroides in HBR, in genes coding for proteins involved in iron acquisition and metabolism, cell wall, capsule, virulence, defense and mucin degradation, such as beta-galactosidase (EC3.2.1.23), α-L-fucosidase (EC3.2.1.51), Sialidase (EC3.2.1.18), and α-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC3.2.1.50). (frontiersin.org)
  • The fact that the genus Bacteroides and proteins involved in iron acquisition and metabolism, cell wall, capsule, virulence and mucin degradation were enriched at the end of HBR suggest that both constipation and EC decreased intestinal metal availability leading to modified expression of co-regulated genes in Bacteroides genomes. (frontiersin.org)
  • There are a number of polysaccharide vaccine formulations. (ncccam.com)
  • antibody response to the 14-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine was measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (eia) in 17 renal allograft recipients, 29 azotemic, 11 hemodialysis, and 33 control patients. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Bacteroides spp possess important immunomodulatory effects and the body's energy balance. (medscape.com)
  • The gut commensal Bacteroides fragilis or its capsular polysaccharide A (PSA) can prevent various peripheral and CNS sterile inflammatory disorders. (nature.com)
  • Bacteroides fragilis is an anaerobic, Gram-negative, pleomorphic to rod-shaped bacterium. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cells of B. fragilis are rod-shaped to pleomorphic with a cell size range of 0.5-1.5 x 1.0-6.0 μm.B. fragilis is a Gram-negative bacterium and does not possess flagella or cilia making it immotile. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dennis Kasper has solved it using the bacterium Bacteroides fragilis as a model organism. (bioengineer.org)
  • The B. fragilis group is the most commonly isolated Bacteroidaceae in anaerobic infections, especially those that originate from the gastrointestinal microbiota. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bacteroides fragilis is involved in 90% of anaerobic peritoneal infections. (wikipedia.org)
  • The B. fragilis group is part of the normal bowel flora and includes the anaerobic pathogens most frequently isolated from intra-abdominal and pelvic infections. (msdmanuals.com)
  • B. fragilis also utilizes a complex series of surface proteins, lipopolysaccharide chains, and outer membrane vesicles to help survive the volatile intestinal micro-environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • This system is composed of/designed to effectively handle: Bacteriocins: B. fragilis intestinal isolates secrete high levels of bacteriocin proteins and are resistant to other bacteriocins secreted by other closely related isolates. (wikipedia.org)
  • The E. coli O123 O-antigenic polysaccharide and its repeating unit were characterized, and the chemical structure for E. coli O123 was entirely consistent with the O antigen gene cluster sequences of E. coli O123 and the Salmonella O58 isolates. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Charland N , Jacques M , Lacouture S , Gottschalk M . Characterization and protective activity of a monoclonal antibody against a capsular epitope shared by Streptococcus suis serotypes 1, 2 and 1/2. (cdc.gov)
  • Capsule recovery of Streptococcus suis strain NL119 in vivo. (cdc.gov)
  • Lakkitjaroen N , Takamatsu D , Okura M , Sato M , Osaki M , Sekizaki T . Loss of capsule among Streptococcus suis isolates from porcine endocarditis and its biological significance. (cdc.gov)
  • B. fragilis is the most prevalent organism in the B. fragilis group, accounting for 41% to 78% of the isolates of the group. (wikipedia.org)
  • polysaccharide of the 23 most prevalent serotypes. (ncccam.com)
  • B. fragilis can also catabolize a variety of biopolymers, polysaccharides, and glycoproteins into smaller molecules which can then be used and further broken down by other microbes. (wikipedia.org)
  • For this purpose, B. fragilis primarily uses the most commonly expressed of these capsule sugars, which Kasper named PSA. (bioengineer.org)
  • This group was formerly classified as subspecies of B. fragilis (i.e. (wikipedia.org)
  • The high resistance to antibiotics of B.fragilis is mainly attributed to genetic plasticity. (wikipedia.org)
  • NL119 lost the ability to synthesize the capsule because of a missense mutation at nt 490 (T490C, Cys164Arg) of cps2F ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Bacteroides fragilis resides in the human gastrointestinal tract and is essential to healthy gastrointestinal function such as mucosal immunity and host nutrition. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytochrome bd oxidase is essential for oxygen consumption in B. fragilis and can allow other obligate anaerobes to survive in the now oxygen-reduced microenvironment. (wikipedia.org)
  • B. fragilis is an aerotolerant, anaerobic chemoorganotroph capable of fermenting a wide variety of glycans available in the human gut microenvironment including glucose, sucrose, & fructose. (wikipedia.org)
  • The complex environmental-sensory system allows B. fragilis to survive/adapt in the ever-changing human gut microbiome. (wikipedia.org)
  • B fragilis' polysaccharide A enhances homeostatic immune function both in the gut and systemically and balances T-cell subset population size and function. (medscape.com)
  • In NL119 P3 and P4 retrieved after the third and fourth passages, a further missense mutation at nt 491 (G491C, Arg164Pro) of cps2F restored the function of the gene, resulting in capsule recovery of the strains. (cdc.gov)
  • The genome of NCTC 9343 encodes multiple gene clusters potentially involved in the biosynthesis of EPS, eight of which are implicated in production of the antigenically variable micro-capsule. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Bacteroides fragilis NCTC9343 produces at least three distinct capsular polysaccharides: cloning, characterization, and reassignment of polysaccharide B and C biosynthesis loci. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • wcfI in Bacteroides fragilis has been shown to be involved in the capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis. (unl.edu)
  • K1 capsule biosynthesis could be restored by in trans expression of an intact epsC gene. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bacteroides fragilis is an anaerobic, Gram-negative, pleomorphic to rod-shaped bacterium. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cells of B. fragilis are rod-shaped to pleomorphic with a cell size range of 0.5-1.5 x 1.0-6.0 μm.B. fragilis is a Gram-negative bacterium and does not possess flagella or cilia making it immotile. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bacteroides fragilis (BF) is a gram-negative anaerobe and an integral component of the human gut symbiotic microflora. (nih.gov)
  • This article describes infections caused by the Bacteroides fragilis[1] group and other anaerobic gram-negative bacilli (AGNB) that were previously included in the Bacteroides genus but are now included in the Prevotella and Porphyromonas genera. (medscape.com)
  • Bacteroides are gram-negative pleomorphic rods with round ends, usually encapsulated . (wikilectures.eu)
  • Member of the genus Bacteroides are characterized with having the highest numbers of antibiotic resistance mechanisms accompanied by the highest resistance rates amongst anaerobic bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bacteria of the genus Bacteroides are common members of the human intestinal microbiota and important degraders of polysaccharides in the gut. (nature.com)
  • Another notable species in the Bacteroides genus are B. ovatus , B. vulgatus , and B. gracilis . (wikilectures.eu)
  • The obligate anaerobe Bacteroides fragilis is a normal resident of the human gastrointestinal tract. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Cytochrome bd oxidase is essential for oxygen consumption in B. fragilis and can allow other obligate anaerobes to survive in the now oxygen-reduced microenvironment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Detection of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate in endotoxins isolated from six reference strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Small differences in virulence have been found between capsular serotypes and strong variation in virulence has been described between strains of the same capsular serotype [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In NL119 P3 and P4 retrieved after the third and fourth passages, a further missense mutation at nt 491 (G491C, Arg164Pro) of cps2F restored the function of the gene, resulting in capsule recovery of the strains. (cdc.gov)
  • Dot-ELISA of NL119 and strains retrieved from NL119-infected mice after each in vivo passage (NL119 P1-P4) using monoclonal antibody Z3 (B) and polyclonal anti- S. suis serotype 2 serum adsorbed with NL119 (C). Monoclonal antibody Z3 specifically recognizes the sialic acid moiety of the S. suis serotype 2 capsule. (cdc.gov)
  • To investigate whether nonencapsulated S. suis can restore the ability to express the capsule and become virulent again, we repeated in vitro or in vivo passages of nonencapsulated S. suis and attempted to retrieve capsule-recovered strains. (cdc.gov)
  • B. fragilis is among the most significant pathogens, with a polysaccharide capsule as its virulence factor. (wikilectures.eu)
  • The capsule of S. suis is a major virulence factor ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Extensive DNA inversions in the Bacteroides fragilis genome control variable gene expression. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The extensive metabolic potential encoded in the B . thetaiotaomicron genome, including 88 defined polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) 2 , 3 , forms the prerequisite for gut colonization. (nature.com)
  • These isolates had the cps gene cluster of serotype 2 but had lost their capsule because of mutations in the cps genes ( Table ). (cdc.gov)
  • Because encapsulated cells show lower density than nonencapsulated cells ( 6 , 7 ), we investigated capsular expression of S. suis cells with low density by coagglutination tests using serotype 2 antiserum ( Technical Appendix ). (cdc.gov)
  • A) The genetic organization of the S. suis serotype 2 capsular polysaccharide synthesis ( cps ) gene cluster and mutations observed in isolate NL119. (cdc.gov)
  • This system is composed of/designed to effectively handle: Bacteriocins: B. fragilis intestinal isolates secrete high levels of bacteriocin proteins and are resistant to other bacteriocins secreted by other closely related isolates. (wikipedia.org)
  • B. fragilis is the most prevalent organism in the B. fragilis group, accounting for 41% to 78% of the isolates of the group. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lakkitjaroen N , Takamatsu D , Okura M , Sato M , Osaki M , Sekizaki T . Loss of capsule among Streptococcus suis isolates from porcine endocarditis and its biological significance. (cdc.gov)
  • Many Streptococcus suis isolates from porcine endocarditis in slaughterhouses have lost their capsule and are considered avirulent. (cdc.gov)
  • While in B . fragilis the sequence motif recognized by the oxidative stress-related alternative ECF sigma-factor EcfO was recently identified 9 , no such motif is currently known for any of the B . thetaiotaomicron alternative ECFs. (nature.com)
  • B. fragilis also utilizes a complex series of surface proteins, lipopolysaccharide chains, and outer membrane vesicles to help survive the volatile intestinal micro-environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1. The yin yang of bacterial polysaccharides: lessons learned from B. fragilis PSA. (nih.gov)
  • Although loss of the capsule gives S. suis some benefit in causing endocarditis by enhancing the ability of bacterial cells to adhere to porcine and human platelets, a major virulence determinant for infective endocarditis ( 3 ), nonencapsulated S. suis are generally considered avirulent ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The clinically derived B. fragilis strain NCTC 9343 produces an extensive array of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), including antigenically distinct large, small and micro- capsules. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • 2. Beneficial effects of Bacteroides fragilis polysaccharides on the immune system. (nih.gov)
  • Using experimental models, studies have demonstrated many beneficial effects of BF and its major capsular component, polysaccharide A (PSA) including enhancement of gut and systemic immune regulation through activating regulatory T cells under normal circumstances. (nih.gov)
  • Capsule recovery of Streptococcus suis strain NL119 in vivo. (cdc.gov)
  • Charland N , Jacques M , Lacouture S , Gottschalk M . Characterization and protective activity of a monoclonal antibody against a capsular epitope shared by Streptococcus suis serotypes 1, 2 and 1/2. (cdc.gov)
  • However, we retrieved capsule- and virulence-recovered S. suis after in vivo passages of a nonencapsulated strain in mice, suggesting that nonencapsulated S. suis are still potentially hazardous for persons in the swine industry. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, the proposed supplemental research will determine the potential of oral consumption of these complex natural polysaccharide dietary supplements in promoting protection from leaky-gut and enhancing BF mediated gut immune regulation, and suppression of autoimmunity. (nih.gov)
  • B fragilis' polysaccharide A enhances homeostatic immune function both in the gut and systemically and balances T-cell subset population size and function. (medscape.com)
  • NL119 lost the ability to synthesize the capsule because of a missense mutation at nt 490 (T490C, Cys164Arg) of cps2F ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • We investigated capsular expression of the retrieved NL119 by coagglutination tests and used the colony giving the strongest reaction within 30 s for the subsequent in vivo passage. (cdc.gov)
  • Bacteroides spp possess important immunomodulatory effects and the body's energy balance. (medscape.com)
  • instead of lysing, the rods burgeoned out into osmotically fragile spheres, considered to be protoplasts. (nih.gov)
  • 17. Zwitterionic polysaccharides stimulate T cells with no preferential V beta usage and promote anergy, resulting in protection against experimental abscess formation. (nih.gov)
  • Bacteroides fragilis resides in the human gastrointestinal tract and is essential to healthy gastrointestinal function such as mucosal immunity and host nutrition. (wikipedia.org)
  • B. fragilis is an aerotolerant, anaerobic chemoorganotroph capable of fermenting a wide variety of glycans available in the human gut microenvironment including glucose, sucrose, & fructose. (wikipedia.org)
  • The complex environmental-sensory system allows B. fragilis to survive/adapt in the ever-changing human gut microbiome. (wikipedia.org)
  • The high resistance to antibiotics of B.fragilis is mainly attributed to genetic plasticity. (wikipedia.org)
  • We also demonstrate that deletion of a putative wbaP homologue prevents expression of the phase-variable large capsule and that expression can be restored by complementation. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • An online browser, called 'Theta-Base' ( www.helmholtz-hiri.de/en/datasets/bacteroides ), is launched to interrogate the obtained gene expression data and annotations of ~4500 transcription start sites, untranslated regions, operon structures, and 269 noncoding RNA elements. (nature.com)
  • One of the virulence factors of P. gingivalis is capsular polysaccharide (CPS). (biomedcentral.com)