Bacteriophage typing. Medical search. Frequent questions

A bacteriophage (/bækˈtɪərioʊfeɪdʒ/), also known informally as a phage (/ˈfeɪdʒ/), is a virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea. (wikipedia.org)
Bacteriophages are ubiquitous viruses, found wherever bacteria exist. (wikipedia.org)
It is estimated there are more than 1031 bacteriophages on the planet, more than every other organism on Earth, including bacteria, combined. (wikipedia.org)
The Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) is a multiprotein device that has emerged as an important fitness and virulence factor for many Gram-negative bacteria through the injection of effector proteins into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells via a contractile mechanism. (frontiersin.org)
In fact, the system is an immune defense bacteria use to fend off invading viruses called bacteriophage. (technologyreview.com)
Van Pijkeren's idea is to use bacteriophage to send a false message to C. difficile , one that instead causes the bacteria to make lethal cuts to its own DNA. (technologyreview.com)
As the probiotic bacteria pass through a person's intestinal tract, the bacteriophage would burst forth and infect any nearby C. difficile , causing them to hack up their own DNA. (technologyreview.com)
However, researchers have previously shown that using bacteriophages to trigger CRISPR can efficiently kill skin bacteria and might also help combat Shigella sonnei , a diarrheal infection common in the developing world. (technologyreview.com)
He says one challenge in deploying the approach against more types of bacteria will be finding suitable bacteriophage. (technologyreview.com)
That's because each type tends to infect only specific bacteria. (technologyreview.com)
Bacteriophages are known to have the ability to infect bacteria specifically so that they can be used as an alternative solution for treating diabetic ulcers. (termedia.pl)
The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of bacteriophages capable of infecting Alcaligenes faecalis bacteria. (termedia.pl)
Meanwhile, bacteriophage isolates AFaV3, AFaV5, and AFaV6 could infect Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria only. (termedia.pl)
At the heart of the approach are bacteriophages, or 'phages' - specialised types of virus that are perfectly evolved to target bacteria. (imperial.ac.uk)
They concentrated their work on a bacteriophage (a type of virus that infects bacteria) called ΦCTP1. (hyfoma.com)
Bacteria may develop a synergistic relationship with bacteriophages and more effectively resist various stresses, enabling them to persist despite disinfection and antimicrobial treatment. (mdpi.com)
Transferring just a bacteriophage (phage)-a type of virus that infect microbiome bacteria-was sufficient to reduce resting metabolic rate and cause weight gain in the control mice. (futurity.org)
The therapeutic use of bacteriophages, viruses that infect and kill bacteria, is well suited to be part of the multidimensional strategies to combat antibiotic resistance. (asm.org)
The bacteriophages invaded the cells of the bacteria and destroyed them. (barfblog.com)
Indeed, our oceans, soils and potentially even our bodies would be overrun with bacteria were it not for bacteria-eating viruses, called bacteriophages, that keep the microbial balance of ecological niches in check. (wustl.edu)
RNA bacteriophages have been shown to infect gram-negative bacteria, which have become increasingly resistant to antibiotics and are the source of many infections in health-care settings. (wustl.edu)
But the researchers also showed for the first time that these bacteriophages also may infect gram-positive bacteria, which are responsible for strep and staph infections as well as MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ). (wustl.edu)
But you can think of bacteriophages and bacteria as having a predator-prey relationship. (wustl.edu)
Now, scientists think that a type of virus with an appetite solely for bacteria - known as a bacteriophage - could overcome these obstacles. (inverse.com)
Later work by scientists working with the dairy industry revealed that these sequences existed in bacteria as well, and that they were similar to those in the genomes of bacteriophages (a type of virus that exclusively infects bacteria and archaea). (acsh.org)
This revelation led to the discovery that the CRISPR sequences were a type of memory-based immune system for archaea and bacteria. (acsh.org)
In 1915 English bacteriologist Frederick William Twort of the University of London discovered discovered bacteriophages, a type of virus that attacks bacteria (the term bacteriophage was coined by Félix d'Herelle, who in 1917 independently confirmed Twort's discovery ). (historyofinformation.com)
They're typically produced by two types of bacteria, known as Shiga toxin- producing E. coli and a specific type of Shigella known as Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1. (cdc.gov)
Katherine Lamba] What was unusual was the type of bacteria that were producing the Shiga toxins, rather than the toxins themselves. (cdc.gov)
The genes that code for Shiga toxins are generally carried by bacteriophages, which are viruses that can infect bacteria. (cdc.gov)
These bacteriophages can transfer the Shiga toxin genes back and forth between different types of bacteria, such as between Shigella and E. coli . (cdc.gov)
The term "gut microbiota" refers to the bacteria, yeast, fungi, viruses, and bacteriophages that inhabit the human colon. (medscape.com)

citation needed] Phages were discovered to be antibacterial agents and were used in the former Soviet Republic of Georgia (pioneered there by Giorgi Eliava with help from the co-discoverer of bacteriophages, Félix d'Hérelle) during the 1920s and 1930s for treating bacterial infections. (wikipedia.org)

Now, an international team led by researchers at Imperial College London has had promising results using specialised viruses called bacteriophages or 'phages' to target cancer cells in the brains of mice. (imperial.ac.uk)
Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses capable of infecting and replicating within bacterial cells. (asm.org)
Felix d'Herelle first coined the term "bacteriophage" ( 4 ), literally meaning "bacterium eater," and began using phages to treat bacterial infections in human patients ( Fig. 1 ). (asm.org)
With billions of phage types yet to be fully explored, scientists can now leverage this newfound structural understanding to delve deeper into the extraordinary world of phages. (thephage.xyz)

Many large viruses, including tailed dsDNA bacteriophages and herpesviruses, assemble their capsids via formation of precursors, called procapsids or proheads. (rcsb.org)

All strains from England & Wales, The Netherlands, Scotland and Germany, and 17 of the outbreak isolates from Iceland, were phage-typed, screened for antimicrobial resistance, and subjected to molecular typing. (itg.be)
[ 2 ] Individual isolates can then be distinguished with serogrouping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and bacteriophage serotyping techniques. (medscape.com)

Bacteriophages are composed of proteins that encapsulate a DNA or RNA genome, and may have structures that are either simple or elaborate. (wikipedia.org)
The advent of large-scale genome sequencing has helped scientists identify DNA bacteriophages in the human gut, skin and blood as well as in the environment, but few researchers have looked for RNA bacteriophages in those samples (doing so requires that RNA be isolated from the samples and then converted back to DNA before sequencing). (wustl.edu)
If one of these organisms survived an infection from a specific bacteriophage (phage for short), they inserted into their genome a sequence from the phage s genome. (acsh.org)
The DNA-packaging motor in tailed bacteriophages requires nuclease activity to ensure that the genome is packaged correctly. (rcsb.org)

With the increase of infections due to multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens and the shortage of antimicrobial molecules with novel targets, interest in bacteriophages as a therapeutic option has regained much attraction. (unige.ch)

No lytic bacteriophages were detected, but S. aureus was isolated from the surroundings of all patients. (mdpi.com)
Mobile genetic elements that are common in S. aureus include bacteriophages, pathogenicity islands , plasmids , transposons , and staphylococcal cassette chromosomes. (mdwiki.org)

Study of bacteriophage types and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococci isolated from dental students and faculty members. (bvsalud.org)

De Mello's research treated meat products infected with four types of salmonella by applying Myoviridae bacteriophages during mixing. (barfblog.com)
Some evidence for a different view has also been reported: it was observed that type III secretion in Yersinia enterocolitica was prevented by the protonophore CCCP 7 , and it was shown that the secretion ATPase InvC of Salmonella functions to dissociate export substrate from the chaperone 8 , a role distinct from transport itself. (nature.com)
OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical, epidemiologic and microbiological features of a large outbreak of infection with a multiresistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium definitive type DT204b infection involving at least 392 people in five European countries. (itg.be)
Widdowson, M A. / A European outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium definitive phage type 204b in 2000 . (itg.be)
Traditionally, Salmonella species were named in accordance with the Kaufmann-White typing system, defined by different combinations of somatic O, surface Vi, and flagellar H antigens. (medscape.com)
In 2005, Salmonella enterica finally gained official approval as the type species of the genus Salmonella . (medscape.com)

The discovery of penicillin in 1928 began the golden age of antibiotics, which pushed aside progress in treating infections with bacteriophages. (virology.ws)
The research, published March 24 in PLOS Biology, has identified 122 new types of RNA bacteriophages in diverse ecological niches, providing an opportunity for scientists to define their contributions to ecology and potentially to exploit them as novel tools to fight bacterial infections, particularly those that are resistant to antibiotics. (wustl.edu)

Bacteriophages occur abundantly in the biosphere, with different genomes and lifestyles. (wikipedia.org)
Wang estimates that of the more than 1,500 bacteriophages that have been identified, 99 percent of them have DNA genomes. (wustl.edu)

presents not only an overview of the global Bacteriophage market in metrics of sales, revenue, growth rate, but also a deeper dive into the segmented market by region, product type and downstream industry, showing the readers a clear and distinct picture of how the market is distributed from different perspectives. (maiaresearch.com)

For decades, researchers have been studying a type of bacteriophage known as lambda to try and find an answer to this question. (phys.org)
The reporter consisted of a C-terminally truncated CD4, incorporating a flexible cytoplasmic linker (CD4tl), fused to the N-terminal DNA-binding domain of the wild type (wt) bacteriophage lambda repressor (CD4tl-lambda) or L57C mutant repressor (CD4tl-lambdaC). (ucsd.edu)

a plastid-encoded bacterial-type RNA polymerase (PEP) and a nuclear-encoded phage-type RNA polymerase (NEP), which recognize distinct types of promoters. (frontiersin.org)

They use this memory, plus a DNA-slicing enzyme known as a Cas to recognize and chop up the genes of invading bacteriophage. (technologyreview.com)

Shown is a micrograph image of RNA bacteriophages attached to part of the bacterium E. coli. (wustl.edu)

Marine bacteriophages play key roles in the community structure of microorganisms, biogeochemical cycles, and the mediation of genetic diversity through horizontal gene transfer. (biomedcentral.com)

1990. Bacteriophage typing of Listeria species. (ulaval.ca)

Combined with the eight environmental viral contigs from metagenomics, this study helps fill the gap in our understanding of the isolation, genomic and evolutionary development of Oceanospirillum bacteriophages and provides new insights into the interactions between hosts and bacteriophages for these important marine hydrocarbon-degrading microbial populations. (biomedcentral.com)

Rao and his team can "mix and match" many types of molecules into bacteriophage T4 based on the specific condition being targeted in each patient and their genetic makeup. (inverse.com)

At the cellular level the virus was able to target and destroy three types of cells within glioblastomas. (imperial.ac.uk)
Rao has studied bacteriophage T4 for over two decades - and now the mighty virus may finally see the limelight. (inverse.com)
Genomic and morphological analyses identified vB_OliS_GJ44 as a siphovirus, however, due to the distant evolutionary relationship with any other known siphovirus, it is proposed that this virus could be classified as the type phage of a new Oceanospirivirus genus within the Siphoviridae family. (biomedcentral.com)
The discovery of bacteriophage began an immensely fruitful line of research that produced, among other things, Avery's demonstration that DNA is the basic material responsible for genetic transformation (1944) and Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase's "Waring Blender" experiment showing that DNA is the carrier of genetic information in virus reproduction (1952). (historyofinformation.com)
The quantification of live viruses (avian influenza virus, swine influenza virus, avian metapneumovirus, human adenovirus type 1, and transmissible gastroenteritis virus) was accomplished by inoculation of appropriate cell culture systems. (cdc.gov)
We found that virus survival in air depended on both virus type and particle size. (cdc.gov)
Aerosols of MS-2, human adenovirus type 1, and avian influenza virus were sampled size-selectively using a non-viable Andersen impactor. (cdc.gov)

Krishnamurthy SR, Janowski AB, Zhao G, Barouch D and Wang D. Hyperexpansion of RNA bacteriophage diversity. (wustl.edu)
Recently, traditional isolation methods, complemented by high-throughput sequencing metagenomics technology, have greatly increased our understanding of the diversity of bacteriophages. (biomedcentral.com)

1985 probably represents the earliest isolate of MR-DT104 in Molecular characterization of S. Typhimurium DT104 R-type the United States. (cdc.gov)
However, until now there has been no isolate of an Oceanospirillum bacteriophage, and so details of their metagenome has remained unknown. (biomedcentral.com)

While some effector proteins specifically target bacterial or eukaryotic cells, others can target both types of cells (trans-kingdom effectors). (frontiersin.org)
We found that gp21 and the herpesvirus proteases have similarity with proteins forming the tubes of phage tails and bacterial type VI secretion systems, suggesting their common evolutionary origin. (rcsb.org)

If it succeeds in trials, bacteriophage T4 could offer some distinct advantages over existing gene therapy methods, Rao says. (inverse.com)

Narulita E, Cahyati V, Febrianti R, Iqbal M. Potential bacteriophages to overcome bacterial infection of Alcaligenes faecalis in diabetic ulcer. (termedia.pl)
Potential bacteriophages to overcome bacterial infection of Alcaligenes faecalis in diabetic ulcer. (termedia.pl)

We conclude that combination of phage and ciprofloxacin efficiently protects wild type and cftr- epithelial cells from infection by P. aeruginosa and emergence of phage resistant mutants without inducing an inflammatory response. (unige.ch)

2017 Science@CornellVet: Oysters and clams and bacteriophages (oh my! (cornell.edu)

The bacteriophage MS-2 was quantified using its Escherichia coli host. (cdc.gov)

As a diligent phage researcher and an enthusiastic science communicator, I've founded 'www.thephage.xyz,' a platform dedicated to unraveling the fascinating universe of bacteriophages - viruses that specifically target microbes. (thephage.xyz)

Title : CDC becomes sole national reference center for bacteriophage typing of staphylococci Corporate Authors(s) : Communicable Disease Center (U.S.). Laboratory Branch. (cdc.gov)

The latest research study on the global Bacteriophage market finds that the global Bacteriophage market reached a value of USD XXX million in 2022. (maiaresearch.com)
A new study at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis suggests that bacteriophages made of RNA - a close chemical cousin of DNA - likely play a much larger role in shaping the bacterial makeup of worldwide habitats than previously recognized. (wustl.edu)
This study puts RNA bacteriophages on the map and opens many new avenues of exploration. (wustl.edu)
One type of bacteriophage, called T4, is one of nature's most efficient viruses and could offer a cheaper, safer, and more efficient gene therapy technique, according to a new study published in the journal Nature Communications . (inverse.com)
While this work remains in the early stages, he thinks the new study could make waves in the research community and even inspire other teams to fast-track similar bacteriophage technologies. (inverse.com)
In this study, we isolated and characterized the first bacteriophage infecting Oceanospirillum , vB_OliS_GJ44. (biomedcentral.com)
The hypothesis serving as base for this study was that the interfacial properties for these three bacteriophages, in terms of electrostatic charge and the degree of hydrophobicity, could induce variations in the removal performances achieved by drinking water treatments. (who.int)
In this study, the choice of MS2 bacteriophage as the best surrogate to be used for assessment of the effectiveness of drinking water treatment in removal of pathogenic waterborne viruses in worst conditions is clearly challenged. (who.int)
Considering GA bacteriophage as the best surrogate in this study, a chlorine disinfection step could guaranteed a complete removal of this model and ensure the safety character of drinking water plants. (who.int)

Homologues of FliI also occur in the type III secretion apparatus of injectisomes and are usually assumed to energize export in those systems as well. (nature.com)

Their efforts have been focused on bacteriophages-viruses that rely on bacterial hosts for replication. (phys.org)

A typing system was devised for these organisms based on their production of and sensitivity to bacteriophage and bacteriocins. (bmj.com)

Bacteriophages are commonly found in our environment. (barfblog.com)

It was d'Hérelle who conducted much research into bacteriophages and introduced the concept of phage therapy. (wikipedia.org)

The removal of MS2, Qbeta and GA, F-specific RNA bacteriophages, potential surrogates for pathogenic waterborne viruses, was investigated during a conventional drinking water treatment at pilot scale by using river water, artificially and independently spiked with these bacteriophages. (who.int)

Weak swarming motility and rare flagella were observed in a mutant deleted for FliI and for the non-flagellar type-III secretion ATPases InvJ and SsaN. (nature.com)
These findings show that the flagellar secretion apparatus functions as a proton-driven protein exporter and that ATP hydrolysis is not essential for type III secretion. (nature.com)
The energy source for type III secretion thus remains uncertain. (nature.com)
To address the energy requirements for type III secretion, we first measured the effect of the uncoupler CCCP on flagellar export in S. enterica , assayed by accumulation of the export substrate FlgM in the medium. (nature.com)

In 1919, in Paris, France, d'Hérelle conducted the first clinical application of a bacteriophage, with the first reported use in the United States being in 1922. (wikipedia.org)

This bar graph shows the efficacy of removing wild-type bacteriophage from Rio Grande water using the all-aluminum coagulant (yellow), the gallium-aluminum coagulant (pink) and a germanium-aluminum coagulant (green). (medgadget.com)

The infectious character of MS2 and Qbeta bacteriophages was mostly removed after clarification followed by sand filtration processes (more than a 4.8-log reduction) while genomic copies were removed at more than a 4.0-log after the complete treatment process. (who.int)

Attachment of bacteriophages to bacterial cells is more diverse. (virology.ws)

Bacteriophage T4 therapy could therefore be engineered to benefit people with rare conditions, who often must seek out very expensive therapies - or may not have any treatment options at all. (inverse.com)
The objective of this work is to develop a standard system for assessing the effectiveness of drinking water plants with respect to the removal of MS2, Qbeta and GA bacteriophages by a conventional pre-treatment process (coagulation-flocculation-settling-sand filtration) followed or not by an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane (complete treatment process). (who.int)
After the complete treatment process achieved, GA bacteriophage was removed with less than 2.2-log and 1.6-log reduction, respectively. (who.int)

To do it , Van Pijkeren lab is developing bacteriophage capable of carrying a customized CRISPR message. (technologyreview.com)

Cre Recombinase ( NEB #M0298 ) is a Type I topoisomerase from bacteriophage P1 that catalyzes the site-specific recombination of DNA between loxP sites (1). (neb.com)
The specific performances of three UF membranes alone were assessed by using (i) pre-treated water and (ii) 0.1 mM sterile phosphate buffer solution (PBS), spiked with bacteriophages. (who.int)

It was shown that GA bacteriophage is potentially a better surrogate as a worst case than MS2. (who.int)

Lots of DNA bacteriophages have been identified, but there's an incredible lack of understanding about RNA bacteriophages," explained senior author David Wang, PhD, associate professor of molecular microbiology. (wustl.edu)

Bacteriophages are among the most common and diverse entities in the biosphere. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, based on sequence analysis it is proposed that Hjc_15-6 has a three-part catalytic motif corresponding to E-SD-EVK, and this motif may be common among other Hj-resolving enzymes originating from thermophilic bacteriophages. (iucr.org)

Here, we report the X-ray structure of the large terminase nuclease domain from bacteriophage SPP1. (rcsb.org)

To our knowledge, this is the first crystal structure of an Hj-resolving enzyme originating from a bacteriophage that can be classified as an archaeal type of Hj-resolving enzyme. (iucr.org)

Oceanospirillum is the type genus of the family Oceanospirillaceae , in the order Oceanospirillales of the class Gammaproteobacteria . (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy7

Organisms57

Chemicals and Drugs92

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Phenomena and Processes76

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science5

Health Care6

Bacteria32

Treating bacterial1

Phages4

DsDNA1

Isolates2

Genome4

Antimicrobial1

Aureus2

Antibiotic1

Salmonella6

Antibiotics2

Genomes2

Metrics1

Lambda2

Polymerase1

Genes1

Bacterium1

Microorganisms1

Species1

Interactions1

Molecules1

Virus7

Diversity2

Isolate2

Proteins2

Distinct1

Overcome2

Infection1

20171

Escherichia1

Microbes1

Staphylococci1

Study9

Occur1

Hosts1

Organisms1

Commonly1

Research1

Independently1

Secretion4

Clinical1

Wild type1

Infectious1

Cells1

Treatment3

Capable1

Specific2

Shown1

Author1

Common2

Domain1

Enzyme1

Genus1