• Researchers in the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, together with colleagues from across Oxford, have successfully obtained a structure of the surface layer from Gram-negative bacteria, bound to the cell membrane via long sugars called lipopolysaccharide or endotoxin, by applying novel electron tomography techniques. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Due to their copy numbers on prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), S-layer proteins are the most abundant class of proteins on earth. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In addition to the surface layer structure reported, this study reports the native structure and arrangement of endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide, which is a ubiquitous molecule in Gram-negative bacteria, including several human pathogens, as it is found on cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Moreover, although the abundance of most protein groups reflected that of related bacterial populations, we found a specific independent regulation of bacteria-derived cell envelope proteins. (bmj.com)
  • In this review, we intend to summarize the current knowledge on the many functions of autophagy proteins in cell defenses with a focus on bacteria-macrophage interaction. (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, Atgs proteins have non-autophagic functions essential for innate immunity against bacteria (Figure 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • [8] [5] The first colonist bacteria of a biofilm may adhere to the surface initially by the weak van der Waals forces and hydrophobic effects. (wikipedia.org)
  • The surface characteristics of various materials, as well as their chemical and organic origin, when suspended in water, can influence colonization by bacteria [5]. (who.int)
  • To facilitate adhesion to surfaces, bacteria can express carbohydrate-binding proteins, known as lectins. (qub.ac.uk)
  • HomB protein contributes to the colonization and persistence of H. pylori , and the presence of homB genes affects the number of bacteria adhering to the host cells. (nature.com)
  • Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are distinctive features of Gram-negative bacteria. (nature.com)
  • Carbohydrates are ubiquitous on the surface of all cells in mammals where they are involved in interactions with the surroundings (extracellular matrix), other cells (including self and non - self) and microbes (bacteria and virus). (avhandlingar.se)
  • We cultured her blood for bacteria, which, if present, would increase the likelihood of bacterial endocarditis. (discovermagazine.com)
  • In endocarditis, small masses of bacteria form on the surface of a heart valve, and these little infected clumps-septic emboli-can slip off into the bloodstream. (discovermagazine.com)
  • It works by attaching to proteins on the surface of bacteria. (europa.eu)
  • Biofilms form when groups of bacteria cover themselves in a sticky mixture of sugars, protein, and DNA. (the-scientist.com)
  • This extracellular matrix glues bacteria to surfaces and serves as a slimy shield, protecting cells in the interior from predators and antibiotics. (the-scientist.com)
  • Bioengineer Tobias Weidner, leader of the surface protein group at the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research in Mainz, Germany, who authored the new research, happened to hear a talk by a climate scientist about bacteria proteins in the sky that can control precipitation patterns. (insidescience.org)
  • These bacteria are like the fruit flies of the bacterial world," said Weidner. (insidescience.org)
  • Despite the potential importance of ice-nucleating proteins for cloud formation, the actual role of ice-nucleating bacteria in the atmosphere remains a mystery," she said. (insidescience.org)
  • Type IV pili are ubiquitous surface appendages in Gram-negative bacteria that promote diverse activities including attachment, virulence, biofilm formation, horizontal gene transfer, and twitching motility [ 1 - 5 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • Because many species of gut bacteria also have CpxA, it's possible that serotonin could have wide-ranging effects on gut bacterial health, Sperandio says. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • Bacteria pick up eukaryotic sequences encoding different characters, such as nutrition , but the most notable use of "higher" organism DNA is to infect and manipulate eukaryotic cells in the service of bacterial survival and multiplication. (huffpost.com)
  • Bacteria take control of eukaryotic cells by injecting regulatory proteins into their hosts. (huffpost.com)
  • Legionella effector proteins contain functional "domains" (segments) that are not found among other bacteria but rather among eukaryotes. (huffpost.com)
  • For many years scientists have used the characteristic sugar molecules on the surface of bacteria as a component of vaccines. (mpg.de)
  • An alternative is provided by synthetic sugar molecules, which resemble the surface molecules of the bacteria. (mpg.de)
  • Coupled with carrier proteins, these molecules are effective vaccines that are much simpler to prepare in the laboratory than the isolation of conventional vaccines from bacteria. (mpg.de)
  • Bacterial swarming is an important mechanism for flagellated bacteria to effectively cover large distances on soft surfaces, such as tissues. (aps.org)
  • Therefore, knowledge about Lactobacillus surface components and their roles as adhesins is of major importance when developing strategies based on the administration of commensal bacteria to promote piglet health. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We showed that one common strategy is to bind complement inhibitor C4BP, which leads to decreased opsonisation of bacteria with C3b impairing phagocytosis and allowing bacterial survival. (lu.se)
  • These bacteria use the surface protein Usp2 to capture and incapacitate the major complement factor C3. (lu.se)
  • In GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA, multiprotein complexes that function to translocate pathogen protein effector molecules across the bacterial cell envelope, often directly into the host. (bvsalud.org)
  • One way to prevent infection is by modifying the surface of the devices in such a way that no bacterial adhesion can occur. (mdpi.com)
  • These materials are designed to be non-fouling, meaning that protein adsorption and subsequent microbial adhesion are minimized. (mdpi.com)
  • This project aims to develop new carbohydrate-functionalised polymeric surfaces which will inhibit bacterial adhesion. (qub.ac.uk)
  • Forming a tight seal between tissues is considered to be very difficult because water on the surface of the tissues interferes with adhesion. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Combining two innovative concepts, the research team succeeded in adhering quickly and effectively to the wet and soft surface of a tissue, and in maintaining good adhesion and mechanical properties for several days without causing too much inflammatory response," says Costantino Creton, a research director at ESPCI Paris, who was not involved in the research. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Protein coatings can be prepared in order to take advantage of their biological functions such as specific binding properties and the ability to enhance or reduce cellular adhesion. (doria.fi)
  • Pre-adsorbed avidin inhibited bacterial adhesion on two-component latex. (doria.fi)
  • Recent data on cardiovascular device-centered infections suggest that some plasma and extracellular matrix proteins contribute to bacterial adhesion and colonization on biomaterials. (unige.ch)
  • We previously developed an in vitro assay to study the Staphylococcus aureus adhesion-promoting effect of surface-adsorbed fibronectin on flat PMMA coverslips coated with a monolayer amount of fibronectin. (unige.ch)
  • Three CMBD derivatives showing an increasing proportion (5-14%) of benzylamide groups showed inhibition of bacterial adhesion increasing from 33 to 51% at 1 mg/ml. (unige.ch)
  • These effectors are involved in producing surface structures for adhesion, bacterial motility, manipulation of host functions, modulation of host defense responses, and other functions involved in facilitating survival of the pathogen. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our study provides essential structural information of unexplored proteins of the Hom family that can help in a better understanding of H. pylori pathogenesis. (nature.com)
  • Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of H. pylori play a crucial role in the host-pathogen interaction, virulence and pathogenesis. (nature.com)
  • investigated pathogenesis and immunological response caused by HomB protein in clinical patients and 190 H. pylori strain isolated from patients with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) or gastritis were evaluated for the clinical importance of homB . (nature.com)
  • The role of various sugars on the surface glycans in bacterial /fungal pathogenesis of plants and animals is well known. (amrita.edu)
  • The helical-rod shape of Helicobacter pylori, a human stomach pathogen, is important for its pathogenesis and is an ideal model system for studying complex bacterial cell shapes. (aps.org)
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis: Methods and Protocols (2 ed., pp. 251-259). (lu.se)
  • Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered a keystone periodontal pathogen that releases bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) containing virulence factors, such as gingipains, that may contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontitis. (bvsalud.org)
  • These potential complications have been illustrated in a recent article in the CDC's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), Serious Bacterial Infections Acquired During Treatment of Patients Given a Diagnosis of Chronic Lyme Disease . (scienceblogs.com)
  • Autophagy is a well-conserved lysosomal degradation pathway that plays key roles in bacterial infections. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we review the many functions of autophagy in bacterial infections with a focus on macrophages, the first line of host defenses, and the replicative niche of numerous pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
  • It is envisaged that these dual-functional materials will be capable of inhibiting biofilm formation when deployed as a coating on medical devices, protecting patients from bacterial infections, while simultaneously providing visual feedback to healthcare professionals if the material has reached the end of its anti-infective lifespan. (qub.ac.uk)
  • Amoxil is an antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections. (europa.eu)
  • During the past few decades, hemocyte-mediated phagocytosis, as one of the most important innate cellular immune function, has also received great attention in crustacean, and a good progress in elucidating the involvement of hemocyte-mediated phagocytosis, as well as its protective roles and mechanisms, against bacterial and viral infections has been achieved. (frontiersin.org)
  • This may guide the development of new therapies that harness the immune system against bacterial infections, and strategies that repurpose the immune system to act against other rogue cells in the body. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • In the future, she adds, she and her colleagues plan to study the feasibility of manipulating serotonin levels as a way of fighting bacterial infections in the gastrointestinal tract. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • We describe how B. burgdorferi and B. hermsii change their outer surface during their alternating infections in ticks and mammals, which in turn suggests biological functions for a few surface-exposed lipoproteins. (cdc.gov)
  • T chetes for efficient transmission by obligate, blood-feed- change their outer surface during their alternating infections in ing ticks are largely unknown. (cdc.gov)
  • The PCR drugs against bacterial infections recovered from surfaces of the ICU. (who.int)
  • Laboratory Methods in Molecular Epidemiology: Bacterial Infections. (cdc.gov)
  • In this background of suboptimally performing aP vaccines, many countries have noted the emergence and expansion of strains specifically lacking pertactin (PRN), a membrane bound autotransporter, and 1 of up to 5 B. pertussis protein antigens included in the vaccines ( 6 - 11 ). (cdc.gov)
  • This is a false colored mesoscopic image of two strains of E. coli expressing different fluorescent proteins. (the-scientist.com)
  • Plasmids and bacterial strains for expression of surface layer (S-layer) proteins, i.e. (lbl.gov)
  • In a second type of testing, the surface-induced load on the flagellar motor was interpreted from the rates of swarming in two different strains that developed differential hydrodynamic thrust. (aps.org)
  • Moreover, the role of the L. amylovorus surface (S) -layers - symmetric, porous arrays of identical protein subunits present as the outermost layer of the cell envelope - in adherence to IPEC-1 cells was assessed using a novel approach which utilized purified cell wall fragments of the strains as carriers for the recombinantly produced S-layer proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast to expectations, none of the major S-layer proteins of the IPEC-1 -adhering strains mediated bacterial adherence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We demonstrated adhesive and significant pathogen inhibitory efficacies among the swine intestinal L. amylovorus strains studied, pointing to their potential use as probiotic feed supplements, but no independent role could be demonstrated for the major S-layer proteins in adherence to epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • bEVs from three bacterial strains, ATCC 33277, A7A1-28, and W83, were isolated through ultrafiltration and size-exclusion chromatography. (bvsalud.org)
  • Genotyping and Quantifying Lyme Pathogen Strains by Deep Sequencing of the Outer Surface Protein C ( ospC ) Locus. (cdc.gov)
  • A class of small affinity proteins, denoted affibody molecules, has been developed at our department. (kth.se)
  • Affibody molecules are based on a 58-amino acid protein domain, derived from staphylococcal protein A, which has served as scaffold for construction of combinatorial libraries from which affibody binding proteins can be selected to desired target proteins. (kth.se)
  • The systems are presently evaluated for selection of affinity proteins, i.e. affibody molecules and domain antibodies, using surface-displayed libraries. (kth.se)
  • Cell surface recognition and cytosolic sensing of these molecules result in signaling cascades that promote rapid and localized autophagy machinery recruitment. (frontiersin.org)
  • Existing tissue glues diffuse adhesive molecules through the water between two tissue surfaces to bind them together, but this process can take several minutes or even longer. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Now, new research shows how bacterial proteins interact with water molecules to form ice. (insidescience.org)
  • Then they blasted intense laser beams with short pulses of just 40 femtoseconds -- that's the amount of time it takes light to travel just one one-hundredth of a millimeter -- over the sample to examine the atomic motion of the protein and water molecules as they dropped the experiment from balmy room temperature to near-freezing. (insidescience.org)
  • Brent Christner, a microbiologist at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge who also studies ice-nucleators, said that scientists still understand very little about the precise way in which these proteins interact with water molecules and limit supercooling -- the process by which water or another liquid can drop below its freezing point without turning solid. (insidescience.org)
  • This type of microscopy uses an ultrafine needle to feel rather than see molecules on a surface, similar to a blind person reading Braille. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Some of the molecules Legionella injects into a microbial or mammalian eukaryotic host cell are called "effector proteins. (huffpost.com)
  • Clearly, the injected proteins have to be able to interact in very specific ways with molecules in the host cell's control circuitry. (huffpost.com)
  • Moreover, their production is expensive and expensive, since the surface sugar is often contaminated with other sugar molecules. (mpg.de)
  • The researchers at the Max Planck Institute in Potsdam combined a series of experiments to identify the surface molecules of the pneumococcal strain ST8 that are currently a serious threat. (mpg.de)
  • The role of proteins other than lectins as bioactive molecules will also be studied. (amrita.edu)
  • A theoretical description of individual filaments that incorporates information from molecular dynamic simulations has identified that filament curvature, monomer twist, surface attachment and lateral interactions between monomers are enough to describe, using Monte Carlo simulations, some of the structures that we observe experimentally. (cea.fr)
  • The surface is entirely covered in the YadA lollipop structures. (wikipedia.org)
  • While that is common in freezing water, it's not something that happens with protein structures. (insidescience.org)
  • These surface-located structures mediate a variety of functions (motility, signalling and sensing, transport and attachment) and these will be discussed in some detail. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Key online skills in investigating protein structures will also be developed in dedicated sessions. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • The tertiary structures of these proteins are very similar although their amino acid compositions are significantly different. (thermofisher.com)
  • These structures can dynamically extend and retract from the cell surface, which is often critical for their function. (biorxiv.org)
  • S (surface) layers are the outermost cell envelope structures commonly found on the surface of lactobacilli and other bacterial species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • How the prokaryotic cell differs from the eukaryotic cell, focusing on genetics, aspects of surface structures and secreted proteins. (lu.se)
  • The candidate will benefit from broad training in materials science, organic chemistry, microscopic techniques (SEM, AFM, fluorescence microscopy), and surface fouling assay techniques e.g. microbiology, tissue culture, and protein adsorption studies. (qub.ac.uk)
  • The physicochemical surface properties of the substrate have an impact on the protein adsorption and its activity. (doria.fi)
  • The surface properties of the coatings and adsorption of proteins were studied. (doria.fi)
  • Adsorption of proteins to the two-component latex surface resulted in a patterned structure. (doria.fi)
  • [2] [3] The cells within the biofilm produce the EPS components, which are typically a polymeric conglomeration of extracellular polysaccharides , proteins , lipids and DNA . (wikipedia.org)
  • This spider glue includes charged polysaccharides that can absorb water from the surface of an insect almost instantaneously, clearing off a small dry patch that the glue can adhere to. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Some individuals focus on reproduction to expand the colony, while others specialize in construction, oozing polysaccharides and proteins that make up the extracellular matrix. (the-scientist.com)
  • As originally described by Lancefield, beta-hemolytic streptococci can be divided into many groups based on the antigenic differences in group-specific polysaccharides located in the bacterial cell wall. (medscape.com)
  • They correspond to functions allowing opportunistic pathogens to colonise the mucus layers, breach the host barriers and invade the mucosae, which could still be aggravated by decreased host-derived pancreatic zymogen granule membrane protein GP2 in CD patients. (bmj.com)
  • Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of autophagy manipulation in improving therapeutics and vaccines against bacterial pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
  • Phagocytosis currently is described as an endocytic process that endogenous foreign particles or pathogens larger than 0.5 μm were first recognized by phagocyte surface receptor and then uptaken and engulfed into a plasma-membrane device, known as phagosome, following initiation of a signaling cascade to generate phagolysosome by fusion of phagosome with lysosomes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Using cryo electron microscopy, crystallography, and microbial genetics techniques, the MEM and PATBAC groups of IBS, in collaboration with the University of Saskatchewan in Canada, solved the structure (at approximately 3.5 Å resolution) of two secretins from the emerging pathogens Vibrio vulnificus and Aeromonas hydrophila and characterized the mechanism for their assembly on the bacterial membrane. (ibs.fr)
  • First, the protein cleaves several other proteins called cytokine receptors on the surface of cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In this thesis we have produced proteins that are densely decorated with carbohydrate determinants in order to study the glycosylation capacity of cell lines (paper I) and generate efficient binders of antibodies (paper II), bacterial toxins (paper III) and virus receptors such as the influenza hemagglutinin (paper IV). (avhandlingar.se)
  • This study also revealed that gingipains can cleave vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 (VAMP8), a protein involved in lysosomal sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs), at the 47th lysine residue, thereby inhibiting autophagy. (bvsalud.org)
  • Effector proteins alter control of host cell biology by changing control and signaling pathways and thus restructuring the cytoskeleton that organizes the interior of the cell. (huffpost.com)
  • The presence of eukaryotic domains in these effector proteins indicates that Legionella acquired them from eukaryotic hosts, most probably their amoebal and other microbial hosts. (huffpost.com)
  • These proteins can be programmed to form bio-nanomaterials for functional applications. (bilkent.edu.tr)
  • In this review, we assess the potential role of putative gut microbiota products in the etiopathogeny of Parkinson's disease, with a special emphasis on functional bacterial amyloid proteins, bacterial biosurfactants, endotoxins and short-chain fatty acids. (techscience.com)
  • The process is highly regulated by multiple signaling pathways and orchestrated by more than 30 autophagy-related (Atgs) proteins organized in several functional units ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Because the proteins naturally reside in an aqueous environment inside a cell membrane, it took some creative chemistry to keep the approximately 2 billion isolated proteins functional on a solid surface. (sciencenews.org)
  • The surface properties of paper can be modified by various surface treatments and paper is also well suited for printing of functional materials. (doria.fi)
  • It is informative to also be able to assess antibody binding to a bacterial surface where many antigens might be present, including multiple copies of the specific antigen the antibody recognizes, and in a context where the antigen might be in a more natural conformation. (lu.se)
  • Meridian Life Science, Inc. is a supplier of antigens, antibodies - both polyclonal & monoclonal antibodies, serum proteins, immunoglobulins and biologicals. (biosciregister.com)
  • Purified (unconjugated) Thermo Scientific Pierce Recombinant Protein G is useful as the basis for preparing various kinds of probes or affinity media for detection or purification of rabbit and human antibodies, especially IgG isotypes, in immunoassays and antibody purification protocols. (thermofisher.com)
  • The Eib immunoglobulin-binding proteins from Escherichia coli were third, followed by the DsrA proteins of Haemophilus ducreyi, amongst others. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hypothesis: Amyloid-forming biofilm proteins of Escherichia coli, namely CsgA and CsgB, can form self-assembled nanofibers on solid surfaces. (bilkent.edu.tr)
  • Here, we build large, intact carboxysome shells (over 90 nm in diameter) in the industrial microorganism Escherichia coli by expressing a set of carboxysome protein-encoding genes. (nature.com)
  • Attachment further allows more interactions and increase of biofilm formation to aid bacterial colonization. (wikipedia.org)
  • Targeting these proteins with multivalent glycosides can inhibit biofilm-formation by crosslinking these lectins. (qub.ac.uk)
  • Bacterial type IV pili are critical for diverse biological processes including horizontal gene transfer, surface sensing, biofilm formation, adherence, motility, and virulence. (biorxiv.org)
  • If the immune system recognizes the peptides as foreign (such as viral or bacterial peptides), it responds by triggering the infected cell to self-destruct. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It remains to be shown if PSGL - 1/mIgG 2b can competitively inhibit and sterically block toxin and viral attachment to the cell surface. (avhandlingar.se)
  • The Scholars of the Podcast reveal ribosomal proteins encoded in viral genomes, and a protein cell receptor for bat influenza viruses. (virology.ws)
  • Viral Meningitis Viral meningitis tends to be less severe than acute bacterial meningitis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • An important element of many of these machines is secretin, a membrane protein that forms a pore on the bacterial surface allowing toxins to escape. (ibs.fr)
  • Kumra Ahnlide, V & Nordenfelt, P 2023, Measurement of Antibody Binding Affinity on Bacterial Surfaces Using Flow Cytometry . (lu.se)
  • YadA is a collagen-binding outer membrane protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • YadA is a homotrimeric outer membrane protein which forms part of the fibrillar matrix. (wikipedia.org)
  • Simplistically, this means the protein is made of three of the same subunits, on the outer surface of the membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • H. pylori attaches and colonizes to the human epithelium using some of their outer membrane proteins (OMPs). (nature.com)
  • Hom (Helicobacter outer membrane) family of OMPs in H. pylori consists of four members (HomA, B, C and D). In the H. pylori genome jhp 0870 open-reading frame (ORF) that codes for HomB outer membrane protein is associated with many stomach diseases and is a novel co-marker for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) 9 , 10 . (nature.com)
  • Some attach to bacterial outer membrane proteins, while others attach to appendages such as pili or flagella. (virology.ws)
  • Virtually all spirochetes in the midgut of an unfed nymph express outer surface protein (Osp) A. This protein is also the predominant surface antigen expressed by the spirochetes in vitro. (cdc.gov)
  • Our recent measurements that highlight the role of the flagella (otherwise known to be involved in motility) in surface-sensing and signaling will be discussed. (aps.org)
  • A class of proteins called ''lectins" which are widely present in natural sources like plants, marine algae etc. are very specific in their interaction with various sugars/glycoproteins. (amrita.edu)
  • The YadA protein domain adheres to the following substrates: epithelial cells extracellular matrix collagen cellular fibronectin laminin The C-terminal domain consists of 120 amino acids which belong to a family of surface-exposed bacterial proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • If patients have recurrent bacterial meningitis, clinicians should thoroughly check for such defects. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The activity of adsorbed proteins plays a central role in methods based on the biochemical immobilization used in numerous bioanalytical applications. (doria.fi)
  • There are inconsistencies in reported binding properties of IgG to Protein G. Variations in isolation and manufacturing methods for Protein G may affect IgG binding, partially because there are differing numbers of IgG-binding sites on various sources of Protein G. Binding studies have been performed using native Protein G and several different recombinant forms. (thermofisher.com)
  • Antibody binding to bacterial surfaces plays a crucial role in immunity, and a key characteristic of this protein-protein interaction is the binding affinity. (lu.se)
  • Determining the affinity of an antibody binding to its antigen is the first step in predicting the function in a physiological environment where other competing protein interactions may be present. (lu.se)
  • Antibody-antigen affinity is often evaluated with isolated proteins. (lu.se)
  • In this chapter, we present a flow cytometry-based assay to measure and calculate the cell surface binding affinity or avidity of any mono- or polyclonal antibody solution. (lu.se)
  • It is used for the treatment of paraffin embedded tissue sections to expose antigen binding sites for antibody labeling and for digestion of proteins from brain tissue samples for prions in Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE) research. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The antibody responses to the T-independent type 2 antigen, phosphorylcholine (PC) and the T-dependent antigen, pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) were characterized in C57BL/6 mice after heat-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae (HKSP) immunization and single or mixture herbicide exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • The differential effects of propanil and 2,4-D on the antibody response to a bacterial vaccine demonstrate the potential of chemical exposure to augment or suppress immune responses to vaccines and infectious diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • Actively concerned in tumor upkeep, cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) has been proposed as a putative biomarker in most cancers. (molvisindex.org)
  • In vitro analysis revealed that a putative switch-protein kinase regulator, RsbW, is capable of interacting directly with σ 66 , as well as phosphorylating its own antagonist, RsbV1, rendering it inactive. (plos.org)
  • This study provides evidence that a switch-protein kinase regulatory network controls availability of σ 66 , the main sigma subunit for transcription in Chlamydia . (plos.org)
  • The subunits are held together and connected to the underlying cell surface by non-covalent interactions, and they spontaneously reassemble in vitro by an entropy-driven process, i.e. the subunit proteins are very poorly water-soluble [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further, biophysical experiments suggested that HomA and HomB are dimeric and most likely the cysteine residues present on surface-exposed loops participate in protein-protein interactions. (nature.com)
  • These hydrogen bonds and other weak interactions temporarily hold the tape and tissues in place while chemical groups called NHS esters, which the researchers embedded in the polyacrylic acid, form much stronger bonds, called covalent bonds, with proteins in the tissue. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Carbohydrate - protein inte ractions in nature are often mediated via multivalent binding where the combined strength of multiple receptor - ligand interactions results in a binding that is highly specific and strong. (avhandlingar.se)
  • The interactions will be studied by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) and Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR). (amrita.edu)
  • Protease footprinting by Proteinase K digestion can reveal protein-protein surface interactions. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of pertussis (whooping cough), continues to reemerge in countries that have high vaccine coverage, such as the United States, and has accelerated since the switch during the mid-1990s from whole-cell pertussis (wP) formulations comprising many partially characterized bacterial proteins to the less reactogenic 1-5 component acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The mucin - type protein was used as a probe to analyze the O - glycosylation capacity of the se cell lines, which today are used for the commercial production of recombinant proteins and vaccine co mponents. (avhandlingar.se)
  • The present study determined the effect of exposure to these chemicals on the immune response to a bacterial vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • cough (pertussis) organisms, highly purified, non-infectious particles of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Hib component as under consideration. (who.int)
  • Surface antigen of the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is obtained by immunization, and also inquire about the recent health status of the child to be injected. (who.int)
  • Parents of a child with a family history y tétanos, organismos inactivados de tos ferina (pertussis), partículas no-infecciosas, altamente purificadas del antígeno de culturing genetically engineered Hansenula polymorpha yeast cells having the surface antigen gene of the Hepatitis B virus. (who.int)
  • Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) expressed in the cells of Hansenula polymorpha is purified through several chemical steps instructed regarding appropriate medical care in the unlikely event of a seizure. (who.int)
  • Additionally, these materials will be further modified to possess sensing capabilities, such that binding of bacterial lectins to their surface will produce a visual colourimetric change. (qub.ac.uk)
  • Our computational imaging framework allows us to extract 3D shapes of individual bacterial cells from fluorescence microscopy images. (aps.org)
  • P - selectin glycoprotein ligand - 1 (PSGL - 1) is a mucin - type protein that is heavily substituted with O - glycans. (avhandlingar.se)
  • This latter step is mediated by a second Beclin-1 complex, lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), and a fusion machinery including SNARE syntaxin-17. (frontiersin.org)
  • The aim of this work was to develop a paper-based test platform for biochemical and biological assays by modifying the surface properties of the latex or pigment coated paper substrates. (doria.fi)
  • The biological functions of Lactobacillus S-layer proteins (Slp:s) are not well understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the new era of genomics, the ticks and mammals, which in turn suggests biological func- complete DNA sequence of two spirochetes, Borrelia burg- tions for a few surface-exposed lipoproteins. (cdc.gov)
  • This requires modification of the complete surface with, mostly, hydrophilic polymeric surface coatings. (mdpi.com)
  • Aggregate of microorganisms in which cells that are frequently embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) adhere to each other and/or to a surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • Previous work by the team published in Cell Reports showed that the parts of CD59 that interact with bacterial proteins are the same parts responsible for stopping MAC. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Author Summary Almost all bacterial species use thin surface appendages called pili to interact with their environments. (biorxiv.org)
  • A ubiquitous organism, S pyogenes is the most common bacterial cause of acute pharyngitis , accounting for 15-30% of cases in children and 5-10% of cases in adults. (medscape.com)
  • We have used supported lipid bilayers and controlled orientation of FtsZ monomers in vitro to study their GTP-dependent self-assembling on surfaces with atomic force microscopy in solution, providing single molecule information of the dynamic structure of filaments and their aggregates [2-4]. (cea.fr)
  • The implication of this work is that monomer flexibility and surface attachment, additionally to filament curvature, could be important in determining the polymorphism and dynamic behavior of filament aggregates. (cea.fr)
  • Furthermore, we suggest a new mechanism for force generation in which the orientation and type of monomer attachment to the surface could play an important role in modulating the force exerted by filament aggregates on the bacterial membrane during cell division [5,6]. (cea.fr)
  • Macroautophagy, hereafter referred to as autophagy, is a lysosomal degradative process that participates in cellular homeostasis by enabling the removal of defective organelles, protein aggregates, or intracellular microorganisms ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • This protein is an aminopeptidase, which is an enzyme that cuts (cleaves) other proteins into smaller fragments called peptides. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Second, endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 cleaves many types of proteins into small peptides that can be recognized by the immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These peptides are exported to the cell surface, where they attach to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
  • MHC class I proteins display the peptides to the immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In this prototype solar cell, photosynthetic proteins (spheres embedded in yellow peptides) absorb light and pump electrons (e-) into a silver electrode. (sciencenews.org)
  • The naturally designed architecture, semi-permeability, and catalytic improvement of carboxysomes have inspired rational design and engineering of new nanomaterials to incorporate desired enzymes into the protein shell for enhanced catalytic performance. (nature.com)
  • Many proteins, largely derived from Bacteroides species, were over-represented, while under-represented proteins were mostly from Firmicutes and some Prevotella members. (bmj.com)
  • Biofilms can attach to a surface such as a tooth or rock, and may include a single species or a diverse group of microorganisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • In molecular biology, YadA is a protein domain which is short for Yersinia adhesin A. These proteins have strong sequence and structural homology, particularly at their C-terminal end. (wikipedia.org)
  • The possible roles of molecular hydrogen, a common by-product of bacterial fermentation, are also addressed. (techscience.com)
  • Conclusions This study provides the first evidence that quantifiable bacterial protein signals are associated with CD, which can have a profound impact on future molecular diagnosis. (bmj.com)
  • A model is proposed where the relative levels of active antagonist (RsbV1) and switch-protein anti-sigma factor (RsbW) control the availability of σ 66 and subsequently act as a molecular 'throttle' for Chlamydia growth and development. (plos.org)
  • More than half a century ago, Heukelekian and Heller [6] showed that at low nutrient concentrations substrate plays an important role in bacterial multiplication. (who.int)
  • While the protein is involved in the normal functioning of the immune system, it plays a particular role in protecting the body against the development of autoimmune disorders and cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Genetic Variants in ERAP1 and ERAP2 Associated With Immune-Mediated Diseases Influence Protein Expression and the Isoform Profile. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The needle repeatedly scans the surface to produce an image that refreshes fast enough to track how immune proteins get together and cut into the bacterial surface. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Ltd., es un líquido homogéneo que contiene los toxoides purificados de difteria polysaccharide chemically conjugated to a protein (Tetanus Toxoid). (who.int)
  • b) Toxoid: A modified bacterial toxin that has been made nontoxic, but retains the ability to stimulate the formation of antitoxin. (cdc.gov)
  • Findings: CsgA protein polymers and CsgB-added CsgA polymers form densely packed biofilm on gold surfaces, whereas CsgB polymers and CsgA-added CsgB polymers form biofilms with high water-holding capacity according to the dissipation data. (bilkent.edu.tr)
  • Biofilms may form on living (biotic) or non-living (abiotic) surfaces and can be prevalent in natural, industrial, and hospital settings. (wikipedia.org)
  • In water supplies, Legionella can live either as multicellular biofilms on inorganic surfaces or as intracellular endosymbionts or parasites of amoeba and other eukaryotic microbes. (huffpost.com)
  • A biofilm comprises any syntrophic consortium of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • The formation of a biofilm begins with the attachment of free-floating microorganisms to a surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • The albumin and cell surface binding domains have been eliminated from Recombinant Protein G to reduce nonspecific binding and, therefore, can be used to separate IgG from crude samples. (thermofisher.com)
  • Xenophagy requires formation of an autophagosome and depends on ULK1, autophagy-related (Atg)14, Beclin-1, Atg5-12, and autophagy receptor proteins such as p62 (A.1). (frontiersin.org)
  • Further experiments identified the receptor for serotonin on the surfaces of both E. coli and C. rodentium , a protein known as CpxA. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • To carry out their function, pili dynamically extend and retract from the bacterial surface. (biorxiv.org)
  • Here, we show that retraction of pili in some systems is determined by the combined activity of two motor ATPase proteins. (biorxiv.org)
  • Type IV pili are composed almost exclusively of a single protein called the major pilin, which forms a helical fiber that extends from the cell surface [ 6 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • The carboxysome is a specialized bacterial organelle that encapsulates enzymes into a virus-like protein shell and plays essential roles in photosynthetic carbon fixation. (nature.com)
  • The N-terminal propeptide region shows homology with bacterial subtilisin. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • These dynamic appendages extend and retract from the cell surface. (biorxiv.org)
  • Inspired by the efficiency with which plants convert sunlight into sugar, researchers have fabricated a solar cell that uses photosynthetic proteins to convert light into electricity. (sciencenews.org)
  • To make the solar cell, a team of biologists and engineers led by Marc Baldo of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) harvested photosynthetic proteins from spinach and the bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides and deposited the proteins onto a glass support. (sciencenews.org)
  • Because Protein G has greater affinity than Protein A for most mammalian IgGs, it may be used for the purification of mammalian IgGs that do not bind well to Protein A. Protein G binds with significantly greater capacity than Protein A to several IgG subclasses such as human IgG3, mouse IgG1 and rat IgG2a. (thermofisher.com)
  • Bacterial genetics and evolution are discussed in relation to infection and interaction with the host. (lu.se)
  • The Philadelphia infection was traced back to bacterial populations in the air-conditioning system at the hotel where the convention was held. (huffpost.com)
  • Microbes form a biofilm in response to a number of different factors, [9] which may include cellular recognition of specific or non-specific attachment sites on a surface, nutritional cues, or in some cases, by exposure of planktonic cells to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics . (wikipedia.org)
  • Attachment of bacteriophages to bacterial cells is more diverse. (virology.ws)
  • The resulting nano/microstructures were found to have strong fluorescence signals in aqueous environments and in chloroform while conserving the protein nanowire network. (bilkent.edu.tr)
  • Genome-based prediction of bacterial antibiotic resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • Liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC - MS) revealed that the O - glycosylation was more abundant and complex than previously reported which may limit their use for the production of therapeutic proteins. (avhandlingar.se)