Bacterial rna polymerase i. Medical search. Frequent questions

IMPORTANCE RNA synthesis is the first step of gene expression. (nih.gov)
The multisubunit RNA polymerase (RNAP) is the central enzyme responsible for RNA synthesis in bacteria. (nih.gov)
Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole work together to inhibit bacterial synthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid. (medscape.com)
Sulfamethoxazole inhibits bacterial synthesis of dihydrofolic acid by competing with para-aminobenzoic acid, inhibiting folic acid synthesis. (medscape.com)
Tetracyclines inhibit protein synthesis and, therefore, bacterial growth by binding with 30S and possibly 50S ribosomal subunits of susceptible bacteria. (medscape.com)
Carbapenems inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins. (medscape.com)
Fluoroquinolones inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis and, consequently, growth by inhibiting DNA gyrase and topoisomerases, which are required for replication, transcription, and translation of genetic material. (medscape.com)
Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of TNP-2198, a Dual-Targeted Rifamycin-Nitroimidazole Conjugate with Potent Activity against Microaerophilic and Anaerobic Bacterial Pathogens. (academictree.org)
Rifaximin binds to the beta-subunit of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and prevents catalysis of polymerization of deoxyribonucleotides into a DNA strand, thereby inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis. (hindawi.com)
Second, another modification actually allows kanglemycin A to stop the synthesis of RNA even earlier than rifampicin. (scienceblog.com)
they inhibit bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, suppressing RNA synthesis. (msdmanuals.com)
by binding to the 50S subunit of the ribosome, they inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. (msdmanuals.com)
Localizing messenger RNAs at specific subcellular sites is a conserved mechanism for targeting the synthesis of cytoplasmic proteins to distinct subcellular domains, thereby generating the asymmetric protein distributions necessary for cellular and developmental polarity. (bvsalud.org)
It is a fantastic recognition of the work that people in our lab have been doing for many years: first on protein synthesis, antibiotics targeting it and antibiotic resistance mechanisms that counter the antibiotics - and more recently, on bacterial viruses, bacteriophages. (lu.se)

All organisms-bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes-have a transcription initiation factor that contains a structural module that binds within the RNA polymerase (RNAP) active-center cleft and interacts with template-strand single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in the immediate vicinity of the RNAP active center. (osti.gov)
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is effective against many aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, but its use in bacterial meningitis is limited to patients with Listeria monocytogenes meningitis who have a penicillin allergy. (medscape.com)
Cheng A, Wan D, Ghatak A, Wang C , Feng D, Fondell JD, Ebright RH , Fan H. Identification and Structural Modeling of the RNA Polymerase Omega Subunits in Chlamydiae and Other Obligate Intracellular Bacteria. (academictree.org)
In vitro studies of rifaximin have demonstrated broad-spectrum coverage including gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria as well as a limited risk of bacterial resistance [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
It works by blocking the bacterial enzyme RNA polymerase, which is used to produce the genetic material that the bacteria need to make proteins. (europa.eu)
The researchers screened a library of naturally occurring compounds from U.K. biotech company Demuris Ltd. for their ability to inhibit bacterial cell growth or prevent the production of RNA - an essential process in all living organisms - in bacteria. (scienceblog.com)
They discovered that a compound named kanglemycin A was effective at inhibiting RNA production even in rifampicin-resistant bacteria. (scienceblog.com)
Understanding how kanglemycin A manages to maintain its affinity to rifampicin-resistant RNA polymerase and stay active against the drug-resistant bacteria will help to accelerate its approval for use in patients with tuberculosis. (scienceblog.com)
First, one of the modifications allows it to bind just outside of the rifampicin binding pocket, increasing the strength of its affinity to the RNA polymerase in rifampicin-resistant bacteria. (scienceblog.com)
Xifaxan is an antibacterial medication that works by binding to bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, preventing bacteria from replicating their DNA and preventing bacterial growth. (canadapharmacy.com)
Bacterial carriage prevents the recurrence of infection as the bacteria turn off the inflammatory response by lowering the expression of genes in the host cells. (selectimmune.com)
The bacteria acheive this by suppressing RNA polymerase II activity in inoculated patients and in various human cells after infection. (selectimmune.com)
The first step of gene expression, called transcription, is done by the RNA polymerase II enzyme.A majority of bacteria isolated from individuals with asymptomatic bacteriuria are also able to suppress the RNA polymerase II in the cells. (selectimmune.com)
Conjugation of dyes but also drugs against Gram-negative bacteria is an opportunity to improve the detection and the treatment of bacterial infection. (helmholtz-hzi.de)

Figure 9: NSR-b:GFP binds RNA in N. benthamiana leaves. (nature.com)
It was known that rifampicin binds to a groove in the RNA polymerase molecule and that mutations that change the amino-acid sequence of the RNA polymerase can prevent this binding, while maintaining the ability to produce RNA. (scienceblog.com)
Kanglemycin A binds to the same groove, but its structure revealed extensions that also bind just outside the groove allowing it to inhibit activity of rifampicin-resistant RNA polymerase. (scienceblog.com)
Bacillus subtilis 6S-1 RNA binds to the housekeeping RNA polymerase (σ A -RNAP) and directs transcription of short 'product' RNAs (pRNAs). (uni-luebeck.de)

A structure activity relationship study identified the key structural components necessary for inhibition of both bacterial growth and transcription. (edu.au)
This results in inhibition of bacterial replication. (medscape.com)

The current study suggests that DksA is the glue that holds together two key components of bacterial gene expression -- a molecule called ppGpp and an enzyme called RNA polymerase. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
DksA uses something scientists call the 'back door of gene expression,' a cavity on the RNA polymerase molecule called the secondary channel. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
region on a DNA molecule involved in RNA polymerase binding to initiate transcription. (insdc.org)

A series of hybrid compounds that incorporated anthranilic acid with activated 1H-indoles through a glyoxylamide linker were designed to target bacterial RNA polymerase holoenzyme formation using computational docking. (edu.au)
Within the RNAP holoenzyme, sigma factors provide promoter recognition specificity to the polymerase and contribute to DNA strand separation, then they dissociate from RNAP core enzyme and transcription initiation follows [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)

Recombinant COMT was produced in Escherichia coli up to 10% of total bacterial protein after the induction of the T7 RNA polymerase gene with isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside. (lu.se)

DNA-binding proteins (DNA-BPs) and RNA-binding proteins (RNA-BPs) have critical roles in living cells in all kingdoms of life. (nature.com)
Hudson, W.H. & Ortlund, E.A. The structure, function and evolution of proteins that bind DNA and RNA. (nature.com)
Sigma factors are a class of proteins constituting essential dissociable subunits that confer sequence-specific DNA binding properties to RNA polymerase (RNAP). (hindawi.com)
At its upper end, the λN protein is in contact with RNA (orange) and various regulatory proteins (yellow, blue and green). (phys.org)
RNA codon misreading [formation of toxic, non functional proteins]. (mindmeister.com)
In the cells, the genetic program, carried by the DNA, is read and transcribed into message RNA, which is later, translated into proteins. (selectimmune.com)

The canonical function of a bacterial sigma (σ) factor is to determine the gene specificity of the RNA polymerase (RNAP). (nih.gov)
In several diverse bacterial species, the σ 54 factor uniquely confers distinct functional and regulatory properties on the RNAP. (nih.gov)
The rearrangement decreases 6S-1 RNA affinity for σ A - RNAP. (uni-luebeck.de)
Among the pRNA length variants synthesized by σ A -RNAP (up to ∼14 nt), only the longer ones, such as 12-14-mers, form a duplex with 6S-1 RNA that is sufficiently long-lived to induce the rearrangement. (uni-luebeck.de)
We propose that an interplay of rate constants for polymerization (k(pol)), for pRNA:6S-1 RNA hybrid duplex dissociation (k(off)) and for the rearrangement (k(conf)) determines whether pRNAs dissociate or rearrange 6S-1 structure to trigger 6S-1 RNA release from σ A -RNAP. (uni-luebeck.de)

30 minutes sample-to-result in vitro diagnostic test, based on isothermal LAMP technology, intended for the extraction and qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA as a single target and combined with the extraction and detection of Influenza A virus, Influenza B virus, human respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus in a multiplex panel from a nasopharyngeal, nasal, throat, and buccal samples. (pharmiweb.com)
Understanding, verifying and implementing Emergency Use Authorization molecular diagnostics for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. (cdc.gov)

Transcription initiation at a consensus bacterial promoter proceeds via a 'bind-unwind-load-and-lock' mechanism. (academictree.org)
A perennial favorite is BBa_R0010, the promoter from the bacterial lac operon, and you're already familiar with BBa_R0085 from your protein engineering work since this part is the promoter recognized by the T7 RNA polymerase. (openwetware.org)
Activation of the catBCA promoter: probing the interaction of CatR and RNA polymerase through in vitro transcription. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Both DNA samples were subjected to unbiased to detect bacterial pathogens, we used it on DNA from a high-throughput DNA sequencing with a GS20 sequencer patient's feces during and after diarrheal illness. (cdc.gov)
Most viruses and other pathogens contain DNA or RNA. (medlineplus.gov)

inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase. (adooq.com)

It encodes an extremely large virion-associated RNA polymerase unique for bacterial viruses that became characteristic for this group. (mdpi.com)
Their efforts have been focused on bacteriophages-viruses that rely on bacterial hosts for replication. (phys.org)
Noroviruses are non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses, recognized as a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. (who.int)
Certain viruses, including COVID-19 , are made up of RNA rather than DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
For these viruses, the RNA must be changed into DNA before copying. (medlineplus.gov)

Antibiotic resistance typically induces a fitness cost that shapes the fate of antibiotic-resistant bacterial populations. (elifesciences.org)
Such strategies implicitly presume that resistance leads to reduced bacterial fitness in an antibiotic-free environment, and therefore these resistant populations should be rapidly outcompeted by antibiotic-sensitive variants. (elifesciences.org)
Hassan HM, Degen D , Jang KH, Ebright RH , Fenical W. Correction to: Salinamide F, new depsipeptide antibiotic and inhibitor of bacterial RNA polymerase from a marine-derived Streptomyces sp. (academictree.org)
OPTR ) announced today that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Anti-Infective Drugs Advisory Committee (AIDAC) recommended that the FDA approve Optimer's investigational antibiotic DIFICID™ (fidaxomicin) for the treatment of patients with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), a bacterial infection in the lining of the gut that can cause severe diarrhea, colitis and in some cases death. (prnewswire.com)
Kanglemycin A is related to rifampicin, an antibiotic that functions by binding to bacterial RNA polymerase, the enzyme responsible for RNA production, and preventing it from making more RNA," said Murakami. (scienceblog.com)

Ribosomal RNA analyses demonstrated presence of additional bacterial and fungal species not identified with culture. (cdc.gov)
ribosomal RNA identification of the isolates showed high score similarity with Pseudomonas spp. (lu.se)
Some of the enzymes which generate aromatic radicals that break down most prominent bacterial strains found were isolated and tax- the complex linkages present in lignin to compounds of lower onomically identified using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) se- molecular weight. (lu.se)

To determine the mechanism of kanglemycin A action against rifampicin-resistant RNA polymerase, the Murakami group used X-ray crystallography to determine the three-dimensional structure of the complex of kanglemycin A bound to bacterial RNA polymerase. (scienceblog.com)
The previously unknown interactions of the unique chemical groups of kanglemycin A with RNA polymerase will direct the development of antibiotics against rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis. (scienceblog.com)
By blocking the bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase with rifampicin phagosomal escape is determined to start approximately 2.5 hours post infection. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Durch die Hemmung der bakteriellen DNA-abhängigen RNA Polymerase mit Rifampicin wurde der Zeitpunkt für den Ausbruch auf etwa 2,5 Stunden nach der Infektion eingegrenzt. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons. (yeastgenome.org)

Inhibitors of bacterial RNA polymerase transcription complex" by Daniel S. Wenholz, Michael Miller et al. (edu.au)

3D structure of the complex consisting of the bacterial RNA polymerase (light and dark gray) and the viral λN protein (red). (phys.org)
RNA polymerase, a protein complex responsible for transcribing genetic information, would normally stop reading this information at the end of the bacterial gene and would ignore any viral genes inserted behind it. (phys.org)
The virus uses a trick that prevents the RNA polymerase from terminating the transcription process: It introduces 'lambda-N' (λN), a tiny protein that attaches itself to the host 's RNA polymerase and forces it to continue transcription of the viral genes . (phys.org)
Until now, and despite intensive efforts, researchers had failed to identify how this tiny protein can achieve such a feat. A Berlin-based team of researchers has now been able to visualize the 3-D structure of the RNA polymerase-λN-complex using high-resolution imaging, enabling them to provide a detailed explanation of this viral exploitation. (phys.org)
The nature of this structure told us that the small viral λN protein seals together the two halves of the RNA polymerase, thus preventing it from falling apart once it reaches the stop signal at the end of the bacterial gene," explains one of the study's first authors, Ferdinand Krupp, who is a doctoral student at Charité's Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics. (phys.org)
Because of this, the RNA polymerase continues transcribing even once it reaches the viral genes. (phys.org)
The new test extracts and analyzes DNA and RNA strands to detect sequences associated with viral and bacterial infections, Alere said. (medscape.com)

An enzyme called polymerase is added to the sample. (medlineplus.gov)

Strains which are not able to escape cannot replicate in the acidic vacuole, whereas, the host cytoplasm offers a rich milieu for bacterial replication. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Additionally, phagosomal escape, with intracellular bacterial replication induces the subsequent host cell death. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

The Dragonfly diagnostic system incorporates the proprietary SmartLid™ sample preparation system to yield high purity DNA and RNA, enabling highly sensitive and accurate pathogen detection. (pharmiweb.com)
This makes them fantastic as a precision tool when you want to specifically eradicate a bacterial pathogen. (lu.se)
The tests work by finding the DNA or RNA of a pathogen (disease-causing organism) or abnormal cells in a sample. (medlineplus.gov)

Trimethoprim prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolic acid by binding to bacterial dihydrofolate reductase. (medscape.com)

However, this transcription initiation-factor structural module occupies the path of nascent RNA and thus presumably must be displaced before or during initial transcription. (osti.gov)
In this paper, we report four sets of crystal structures of bacterial initially transcribing complexes that demonstrate and define details of stepwise, RNA-extension-driven displacement of the "σ-finger" of the bacterial transcription initiation factor σ. (osti.gov)

Here we develop a quantitative theory connecting bacterial growth and division rates to proteome allocation in time-varying nutrient environments. (nature.com)

ABSTRACT We evaluated the COBAS AMPLICOR polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based test for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in 866 respiratory and non-respiratory samples. (who.int)
An early-morning sputum sam- encoding the B-subunit of RNA of droplet particles aerosolized from ple was collected from 170 patients polymerase ( rpoB DNA, 342-360 persons infected with Mycobacterium into wide-mouthed plastic contain- base pairs) was the target region for tuberculosis or by consumption of milk ers. (who.int)

Bacterial strains and plasmids are described in Table 1 . (hindawi.com)

TcdR, BotR, TetR and UviA are now known to be related alternative RNA polymerase sigma factors that drive transcription of toxin A and toxin B genes in C. difficile, the neurotoxin genes in C. botulinum and C. tetani, and a bacteriocin gene in C. perfringens. (pasteur.fr)

We can't yet make a lowly bacterial cell let alone a human cell even though we know the genome sequence. (openwetware.org)

RNA POLYMERASE DNA at the termination of a gene. (bvsalud.org)

Bacterial metabolism selected lignin model compounds (vanillin, vanillate, 4- hydroxybenzoate, p-coumarate, benzoate, and ferulate) was carried out with three of the Pseudomonas isolates and in addition with the strain Pseudomonas putida KT2440 from a Introduction culture collection. (lu.se)

Solving this structure meant that the researchers could at last determine just how DksA helped ppGpp hold fast to its target, RNA polymerase. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Once there, the protein helps ppGpp stay bound to RNA polymerase. (infectioncontroltoday.com)

instead, both DNA samples, 20% of the total sequences showed they amplify single isolated DNA molecules and analyze the best matches for the currently reported bacterial DNA them with massively parallel processing. (cdc.gov)
Here, we demonstrate that once newly synthesized pRNAs form a sufficiently stable duplex with 6S-1 RNA, a structural rearrangement is induced in cis, which involves base-pairing between sequences in the 5′-portion of the central bulge and nucleotides that become available as a result of pRNA invasion. (uni-luebeck.de)

a plastid-encoded bacterial-type RNA polymerase (PEP) and a nuclear-encoded phage-type RNA polymerase (NEP), which recognize distinct types of promoters. (frontiersin.org)
The PEP enzyme recognizes the -10 and -35 cis -elements, similar to those found in bacterial promoters whereas the NEP enzyme recognizes the YRTA-motif, which can also be found upstream of several genes with PEP promoters indicating that these genes can be transcribed by both polymerases ( Pfannschmidt and Liere, 2005 ). (frontiersin.org)

We directly detected the causative pathogenic bacterial species in both samples belonged to the phylum microbe in a clinical human sample (diarrheic feces) by Bacteroidetes, the normal fl ora of the human intestine. (cdc.gov)
YF virus, an arbovirus, is the type species for the family Flaviviridae and is a single, positive-stranded, enveloped RNA virus. (medscape.com)

In our approach, oligomers of maltose are functionalized at various positions and used as transporters for antibiotics into the bacterial cell. (helmholtz-hzi.de)

While previous studies have characterized bacterial growth physiology at steady-state, a quantitative understanding of bacterial physiology in time-varying environments is lacking. (nature.com)
Mycobacterial DNA was not detected with quantitative polymerase chain reaction. (cdc.gov)

The new bacterial molecules can be purified and used to suppress inflammation and unwanted gene expression in animal models. (selectimmune.com)
It is also exiting that the bacterial molecules can be used therapeutically. (selectimmune.com)

The conventional approach for testing the genotoxic potential of chemicals in vitro includes a battery of bacterial and mammalian mutagenicity tests. (nih.gov)

The structures reveal that-for both the primary σ-factor and extracytoplasmic (ECF) σ-factors, and for both 5'-triphosphate RNA and 5'-hydroxy RNA-the "σ-finger" is displaced in stepwise fashion, progressively folding back upon itself, driven by collision with the RNA 5'-end, upon extension of nascent RNA from ~5 nt to ~10 nt. (osti.gov)

A confirmed case met the probable case definition and also had norovirus detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a faecal specimen. (who.int)

To understand the dynamics of bacterial growth physiology and size control in dynamic nutrient environments, we have developed a coarse-grained proteome sector model which connects gene expression to growth rate and division control, and accurately predicts the cell-level E. coli response to nutrient perturbations in both exponential and stationary phase seen in experimental data 5 , 25 . (nature.com)
RNA polymerase carries out transcription, the first step in gene expression. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Our results suggest that bacterial flora can promote their own survival by broadly manipulating the cellular gene expression machinery. (selectimmune.com)

The mixture was stored at -20 °C proximately one-third of the world's The Institute is a specialist referral in microcentrifuge tubes (free from population is infected with latent TB centre for TB diagnosis and therapy DNA or RNA) until needed [7]. (who.int)

Associated regulatory elements may include differentially methylated regions and non-coding RNAs. (insdc.org)

To produce sufficient amounts of recombinant catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) for structural and functional studies the coding regions of the rat liver and human placental COMT genes have been introduced into a bacterial expression vector pKEX14. (lu.se)
A bioinformatic screen suggests that essentially all bacterial 6S RNAs have the potential to undergo a pRNA-induced structural rearrangement. (uni-luebeck.de)

RNA polymerase clamp conformational dynamics: long-lived states and modulation by crowding, cations, and nonspecific DNA binding. (academictree.org)

It is a bacterial infectious disease referred to the National Tuberculosis phenol-chloroform reagent was added that is considered the second most Institute in Sana'a city with suspected and the mixture was vortexed for about important cause of death due to an pulmonary TB based on their presen- 10 s and heated at 80 °C for 20 min. (who.int)

RNA is another type of genetic material. (medlineplus.gov)

The growth of CDI organisms requires an intestinal tract that contains altered bacterial flora. (ajmc.com)

Furthermore, it is unclear if bacterial size modulation is simply a byproduct of the complex cellular response to changing environmental conditions, or if it serves as an adaptive mechanism employed by the cell to improve fitness in time-varying environments. (nature.com)

Transcriptomic responses were analyzed using RNA sequencing technology and validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. (nih.gov)
In terms of accuracy, the results resemble those possible with slower polymerase chain reaction tests, which can take 1 to 6 hours. (medscape.com)
All samples sis , the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is were unique, each sample represented 1 the most widely used, best studied and patient, and duplicate samples were exclud- most widely published amplification tech- ed from this study. (who.int)
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) tests are a fast, highly accurate way to diagnose certain infectious diseases and genetic changes. (medlineplus.gov)
The Institute receives Polymerase chain reaction during their life time [2]. (who.int)
8]. The polymerase ease can infect humans and animals, questionnaire administered during chain reaction (PCR) mixture was with outcomes ranging from localized the collection of samples. (who.int)

Following a so-called Trojan horse strategy, a bio-ligand or targeting moiety such as a sugar-residue or an iron-complex is recognized by bacterial transporters and actively translocated into the cell. (helmholtz-hzi.de)

Anatomy11

Organisms19

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs120

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Phenomena and Processes70

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Health Care2

Synthesis14

Bacteria14

Binds4

Inhibition2

Molecule3

Holoenzyme2

Escherichia1

Proteins6

RNAP5

SARS-CoV-2 RNA2

Promoter3

Pathogens2

Inhibits bacterial1

Viruses5

Antibiotic5

Ribosomal RNA3

Rifampicin4

Operons1

Inhibitors1

Viral7

Enzyme called1

Replication2

Pathogen3

Prevents1

Initiation2

Connecting bacterial growth1

Mycobacterium2

Strains1

Sigma1

Genome1

Termination1

Metabolism1

PpGpp2

Sequences2

Promoters2

Species2

Antibiotics1

Quantitative2

Molecules2

Mammalian1

Extracytoplasmic1

Norovirus1

Gene Expression3

Centre1

Regulatory1

Structural2

Long-lived1

Tuberculosis1

Genetic material1

Organisms1

Mechanism1

Chain6

Complex1