Bacterial protein mediates cell. Medical search. Frequent questions

Viral pathogens capitalize on cell surface receptors that are ubiquitous and can recognize many diverse ligands for attachment and ultimately, entry into the cell. (wikipedia.org)
Similarly, this kind of close-up on bacterial interactions is essential for infection biology, to help researchers map what molecular mechanisms help pathogens find, invade host cells, and then survive and proliferate within them. (embl-em.de)
This process of "molecular mimicry" may help explain why bacterial human pathogens, many of which were at one time easily treatable with antibiotics, have re-emerged in recent years as highly infectious public health threats, according to the study appearing in the online journal PLoS ONE , published by the Public Library of Science. (sciencedaily.com)
Using genomic sequencing, the spelling out of billions of genetic instructions stored in DNA, the study identified several methyltransferase protein families that are very similar in otherwise very distantly related human bacterial pathogens. (sciencedaily.com)
In general, these bacterial pathogens are considered "highly clonal," meaning that the overall gene content of each species is very similar. (sciencedaily.com)
Upon infection, bacterial pathogens dump more than 200 proteins into human macrophage cells called 'effector proteins. (sciencedaily.com)
Eukaryotic cells destroy many endocytosed pathogens by targeting them to the lysosome. (elifesciences.org)
The host specificity of bacterial pathogens and the genetic basis of susceptibility are also considered. (cshlpress.com)
Recently, data have begun to emerge suggesting differences in the molecular basis by which individual CDTs interact with and enter host cells, suggesting the possibility that CDTs possess properties reflecting the specific niches idiosyncratic to those CDT bacterial pathogens that produce them. (illinois.edu)
Salivary proteins modulate bacterial colonization in the oral cavity and interact with systemic pathogens that pass through the oropharynx. (lu.se)
Further, we study how intracellular C3 contributes to recognition and clearance of intracellular bacterial pathogens. (lu.se)

This response is triggered by microbial cell walls, peptidoglycans from bacteria or beta-glucans from fungi, and is regulated by two nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathways, the Toll and Imd pathways [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The Imd pathway responds to diaminopimelic acid-type peptidoglycan (DAP-type PGN) from the cell wall of Gram-negative and certain types of Gram-positive bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
Bacteria are able to compete effectively for iron bound to host proteins because of the secretion of high-affinity, low molecular weight iron chelators known as siderophores. (medscape.com)
In order to deprive bacteria of iron, the host also secretes iron-binding proteins. (medscape.com)
Analyzing bacteria in late exponential phase, we capture ~40% ( E. faecalis ) and 43% ( E. faecium ) of the annotated protein-coding genes, determine 5′ and 3′ UTR (untranslated region) length, and detect instances of leaderless mRNAs. (frontiersin.org)
Bacterial fibronectin-binding proteins (FnBPs) contain a large intrinsically-disordered region (IDR) that mediates adhesion of bacteria to host tissues, and invasion of host cells, through binding to fibronectin (Fn). (hud.ac.uk)
Carbohydrates are ubiquitous on the surface of all cells in mammals where they are involved in interactions with the surroundings (extracellular matrix), other cells (including self and non - self) and microbes (bacteria and virus). (avhandlingar.se)
The ways in which bacteria infect cells are important for understanding host-pathogen interactions. (embl-em.de)
I'm particularly interested in the nitty gritty of how bacteria infect cells. (embl-em.de)
Fibrillar adhesins are proteins located on the bacterial cell surface, which mediate interactions with the environment, e.g. with host cells or other bacteria. (embl-em.de)
Deadly bacteria may be evolving antibiotic resistance by mimicking human proteins, according to a new study. (sciencedaily.com)
Similar methyltransferase proteins are found in other highly infectious bacteria, including the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis that causes Tuberculosis, a disease that results in more than 1 million deaths annually. (sciencedaily.com)
In the case of the bacteria E. faecalis , a species of enterococci attributed to vancomycin resistance, only the PIP(EF) (Phage infection protein of E. faecalis ) has been identified as a target receptor for phage treatment to date. (biologists.com)
Biofilm is a complex matrix consisting of extracellular polysaccharides, DNA, and proteins that protect bacteria from a variety of physical, chemical, and biological stresses allowing them to survive in hostile environments. (intechopen.com)
The biofilm matrix consists of polysaccharides, proteins, and DNA and constitutes a stubborn source that protects bacteria from a variety of physical, chemical, and biological stresses. (intechopen.com)
Secretins form multimeric channels across the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria that mediate the import or export of substrates and/or extrusion of type IV pili. (elifesciences.org)
In this way, bacteria gain novel genetic information, for example metabolic traits, pathogenicity determinants and resistance genes as a driving force for bacterial adaptation and evolution. (elifesciences.org)
In Gram-negative bacteria this machinery spans the entire periplasm and connects the inner (IM) and outer membranes (OM), mediating DNA binding on the cell surface and subsequent translocation through the periplasm into the cell. (elifesciences.org)
Methicillin is of a class of antibiotics known as β-lactams which bind to the penicillin binding protein (PBP) of the bacteria. (randox.com)
In our early studies we found that bacterial lipoprotein TLR2 agonists are shed by bacteria into human serum in vitro and into the blood of septic mice and rats in vivo. (ucsf.edu)
Outer membrane and membrane vesicles (OMV/MV) are released from bacteria and participate in cell communication, biofilm formation and host-pathogen interactions. (open.ac.uk)
Here we show phylogenetically conserved pathways of PAD-mediated OMV/MV release in bacteria and describe deiminated/citrullinated proteins in E. coli and their derived OMV/MVs. (open.ac.uk)
The extent to which functional differences between individual CDTs reflect the specific requirements for intoxicating cells and tissues within the diverse range of host microenvironments colonized by CDT-producing pathogenic bacteria remains to be experimentally explored. (illinois.edu)
Role of serotype and virulence determinants of Streptococcus pyogenes biofilm bacteria in internalization and persistence in epithelial cells in vitro. (lu.se)
Here, live respiratory epithelial cells were inoculated with broth-grown or biofilm bacteria of different M-types, as well as with isogenic mutants lacking common virulence factors. (lu.se)
The M3 protein, but not the M1 or M5 proteins, was required for optimal uptake and persistence of both planktonic and biofilm bacteria inside cells. (lu.se)
Microscopy of internalized bacteria showed that planktonic bacteria were internalized in lower numbers as individual or small clumps of bacteria in the cytoplasm, whereas GAS biofilm bacteria displayed a pattern of perinuclear localization of bacterial aggregates that affected actin structure. (lu.se)
Dive into the research topics of 'Role of serotype and virulence determinants of Streptococcus pyogenes biofilm bacteria in internalization and persistence in epithelial cells in vitro. (lu.se)

Neutrophil myeloperoxidase is thought to mediate oxidative inactivation of elastase, an enzyme implicated in the pathogenesis of various tissue-destroying diseases. (medscape.com)
We have 2 immediate openings for persons with strong backgrounds bacterial genetics or molecular biology/ biochemistry * The first project is in bacterial pathogenesis, specifically the investigation of complement-mediated bacterial killing. (bio.net)

DAP-type PGN is sensed by two receptors, both members of the peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRPs) family of receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
Like other cells, the endothelial cell possesses several features that supports a productive viral infection a cell including, cell surface receptors, immune responses, and other virulence factors. (wikipedia.org)
The cell surface receptors provide a binding pocket for attachment and entry into the cell, and therefore, affects a cell's susceptibility to infection. (wikipedia.org)
The endothelium contains a myriad of cell surface receptors associated with functions such as immune cell adherence and trafficking, blood clotting, vasodilation, and barrier permeability. (wikipedia.org)
These toll-like receptors which can distinguish if there are viral nucleic acids in the host cell and likewise, will trigger an immune response to flag the cell and attempt to eliminate the pathogen. (wikipedia.org)
The cell surface receptors associated with viral entry include ACE2 and co-receptor TMPRSS2. (wikipedia.org)
Staphylococcal enterotoxins are 23- to 29-kDa polypeptides in the bacterial superantigen protein family that act by cross-linking HLA-DR or DQ molecules and T-cell receptors. (cdc.gov)
In this thesis we have produced proteins that are densely decorated with carbohydrate determinants in order to study the glycosylation capacity of cell lines (paper I) and generate efficient binders of antibodies (paper II), bacterial toxins (paper III) and virus receptors such as the influenza hemagglutinin (paper IV). (avhandlingar.se)
These 2 members mediate leukocyte adhesions to endothelial cells but they also serve as receptors for iC3b (inactivated C3b). (medscape.com)
Together with B cell lymphoma (Bcl)10 and the paracaspase, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein (Malt)1, Card9 links spleen-tyrosine kinase (Syk)-coupled C-type lectin receptors to inflammatory responses. (nih.gov)
First, the protein cleaves several other proteins called cytokine receptors on the surface of cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Cleaving these receptors reduces their ability to transmit chemical signals into the cell, which affects the process of inflammation. (medlineplus.gov)

Several FnBR residues are highly conserved across bacterial species, and here we investigate their contribution to the interaction. (hud.ac.uk)
The highly conserved bacterial YbeY RNase has structural similarities to the MID domain of AGOs. (biomedcentral.com)

The bacterial cytoskeleton guides the synthesis of cell wall and thus regulates cell shape. (aps.org)
Cell-matrix adhesion regulates membrane trafficking controlling anchorage-dependent signaling. (molvisindex.org)
Ultimately, IFNGR1 mediated signaling regulates several biological processes including innate and acquired immune response, apoptosis and cell cycle progression. (rndsystems.com)
A limited study had indicated that in Sinorhizobium meliloti the YbeY ortholog regulates the accumulation of sRNAs as well as the target mRNAs, raising the possibility that YbeY may play a previously unrecognized role in bacterial sRNA regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Second messenger-mediated spatiotemporal control of protein degradation regulates bacterial cell cycle progression. (unibas.ch)
We found that C3 regulates process of autophagy and cell survival upon stress and now we aim to investigate what role C3 may play in β-cell physiology and islet inflammation. (lu.se)

A short period of desiccation-elevated peptidoglycan recognition protein-LC ( PGRP-LC ) expression in MTs, increased antimicrobial peptide ( AMP ) gene induction, and protected animals from bacterial infection. (biomedcentral.com)
We show that desiccation increased ecdysone synthesis in MTs, while inhibition of ecdysone synthesis or ecdysone receptor expression, specifically within MTs, prevented induction of PGRP-LC and reduced protection from bacterial infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Given the central role PGRP-LC plays in sensing systemic bacterial infections, steroid hormone regulation provides a significant degree of modulation on the ability of cells or animals to respond to bacterial infection. (biomedcentral.com)
For instance, a lower cell surface receptor density may render an endothelial cell less susceptible for virus infection than an endothelial with a higher cell surface receptor density. (wikipedia.org)
Endothelial cells also possess intrinsic antiviral responses which leverage the host's immune system to battle the infection or restrict viral replication. (wikipedia.org)
IFN "intereferes" with virus replication by signaling to other cells in our immune system stop the infection. (wikipedia.org)
Recent data from preclinical studies suggest a role for neutrophil myeloperoxidase and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in host defense against K pneumoniae infection. (medscape.com)
We observed the proteins internalization within macrophages and their capacity to eradicate the intracellular mycobacterial infection at a low micro-molar range. (frontiersin.org)
When LEE expression is activated, flagellar gene expression is down-regulated because bacterial flagella induce the immune responses of host cells at the infection stage. (nih.gov)
It was further iterated that structural changes in the cell wall is essential for unsuccessful phage adsorption, and thus infection, upon observation of the treatment of epaS and epaAC deletion strains compared to wild-type strains. (biologists.com)
[ 1 , 2 ] The clinical picture is characterized by marked leukocytosis and localized bacterial infections that are difficult to detect until they have progressed to an extensive level secondary to lack of leukocyte recruitment at the site of infection. (medscape.com)
We show that the bacterial effector protein SseI (also called SrfH), which is translocated into host cells by the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 (SPI2) type III secretion system (T3SS), is required for Salmonella typhimurium to maintain a long-term chronic systemic infection in mice. (pasteur.fr)
Objective: We sought to assess the effect of mild steel welding fumes (MS-WF) on PAFR-dependent pneumococcal adhesion and infection to human airway cells in vitro and on pneumococcal airway infection in a mouse model. (cdc.gov)
Pneumococcal adhesion and infection of A549, BEAS-2B, and primary human bronchial airway cells were assessed by means of quantitative bacterial culture and expressed as colony-forming units (CFU). (cdc.gov)
In A549 and BEAS-2B cells MS-WF increased pneumococcal adhesion and infection and PAFR protein expression. (cdc.gov)
Both CV-3988 and N-acetylcysteine reduced MS-WF-stimulated pneumococcal adhesion and infection of airway cells. (cdc.gov)
Conclusions: Hypersusceptibility of welders to pneumococcal pneumonia is in part mediated by the capacity of welding fumes to increase PAFR-dependent pneumococcal adhesion and infection of lower airway cells. (cdc.gov)
Infection is more likely to progress to clinical disease in the presence of certain risk factors, including younger and older ages, male sex, infection within the past 2 years, leanness, and suppression of cell-mediated immunity. (cdc.gov)

Furthermore, within the viral genome, there are not only instructions to synthesize viral proteins but also other virulence factors such as genes, cellular structures, and other regulatory processes that enable a pathogen to control the host's antiviral responses. (wikipedia.org)
Proteins are the fundamental materials from which all organisms are built, and there are billions of genes coding for them. (embo.org)
We will only be able to do experiments on a small fraction of genes and proteins: to understand the functions of those we don't do experiments on, we need to transfer knowledge from the ones we do," says Bateman, who also leads a research group that studies bacterial cell surface proteins that mediate host colonization. (embo.org)
In this preprint, through a library of phages, the authors demonstrate that the development of phage resistance through mutations in polysaccharide biosynthesis genes compromises insensitivity towards antibiotics targeting the cell wall. (biologists.com)
This emphasises that both epaS and epaAC genes are key players in the biosynthesis of cell wall components to maintain integrity against antibiotic treatment. (biologists.com)
The most extensively characterized class of bacterial sRNAs are the trans -encoded sRNAs that are encoded distant from the genes for their mRNA targets and that typically have only limited complementarity (10-30 nt) [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Other bacterial sRNAs, referred to as cis -encoded sRNAs, are present in close proximity to their targets, such as upstream, opposite of the 5′ UTR of the target, or between two genes in an operon [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
They are secreted into host plant cells and mimic transcription factors inducing the expression of host susceptibility (S) genes. (bvsalud.org)

Biofilms are an ensemble of microbial cells irreversibly associated with a surface and enclosed in an essentially self-produced matrix. (intechopen.com)

Together, our work explains how Retro-2 prevents retrograde trafficking of toxins by inhibiting TA-protein targeting, describes a general CRISPR strategy for predicting the MOA of small molecules, and paves the way for drugging the TRC pathway to treat broad classes of viruses known to be inhibited by Retro-2. (elifesciences.org)
Bacterial toxin modulation of the eukaryotic cell cycle: are all cytolethal distending toxins created equally? (illinois.edu)
The cytolethal distending toxins (CDTs) comprise a family of intracellular-acting bacterial protein toxins whose actions upon eukaryotic cells result in several consequences, the most characteristic of which is the induction of G(2)/M cell cycle arrest. (illinois.edu)
[3] [4] A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins . (webot.org)

3) therapeutic/vaccine development and stabilization, and (4) inflammation and immunity (host-pathogen standoff, programmed cell death, immune atlas of pregnancy and inflammation). (ccf.org)
These findings not only provide insights into the evolution of virulence in Francisella, but have broader implications regarding the molecular mechanisms that mediate host-pathogen relationships," she added. (sciencedaily.com)

The mucin - type protein was used as a probe to analyze the O - glycosylation capacity of the se cell lines, which today are used for the commercial production of recombinant proteins and vaccine co mponents. (avhandlingar.se)
It involves expression of recombinant C9 molecules in E. coli for export into the periplasm and identification of cellular constituents required for C9-mediated killing using genetic techniques. (bio.net)
This position requires a person with strong background in recombinant DNA techniques including some skill in protein purification and cell culturing (preferably with insect cells). (bio.net)
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. (rndsystems.com)
Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. (rndsystems.com)
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. (rndsystems.com)
2 μg/lane of Biotinylated Recombinant Human IFN‑ gamma R1/CD119 Avi-tag His-tag Protein (Catalog # AVI11030) was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) and non-reducing (NR) conditions and visualized by Coomassie® Blue staining, showing bands at 42‑55 kDa. (rndsystems.com)
In addition, you will have the opportunity to learn microbiologic and immunologic techniques and to express and purify recombinant proteins. (lu.se)

New prevention techniques are developing agents such as type III secretion system (T3SS) inhibitors that target bacterial virulence factors without affecting bacterial growth. (bvsalud.org)

They analyzed E. coli proteins via mass spectrometry and identified a large variety of chaperones important for protein folding at the co-translational level. (izb-online.de)
In this system, large combinatorial libraries of macrocyclic molecules are biosynthesized in Escherichia coli cells and simultaneously screened for their ability to rescue pathogenic protein misfolding and aggregation using a flow cytometric assay. (nature.com)
Naoise McGarry, Stephen Smith, Escherichia coli serum resistance : roles for cell number and Haemolysin. (tcd.ie)
E.coli contains several members of this family although the function of these proteins is uncertain. (nih.gov)

Both classic-pathway and alternate-pathway complement activation have been described, but the latter, which does not require the presence of immunoglobulins directed against bacterial antigens, appears to be the more active pathway in K pneumoniae infections. (medscape.com)
Ampicillin is a penicillin beta-lactam antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually gram-positive, organisms. (druglib.com)
The use of viral phages is a customary method for the treatment of bacterial infections, such as those responsible for systemic infections and bio-film formations. (biologists.com)
Thus, patients with this type of leukocyte adhesion deficiency manifest both severe bacterial infections and bleeding disorder. (medscape.com)
In particular, we are aiming to characterize the molecular and cellular mechanisms which control and shape the quality and quantity of antigen-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses during viral infections or vector-based vaccination. (uniklinik-duesseldorf.de)
Granzyme B plays an essential role in granule-mediated apoptosis and may have additional roles in rheumatoid arthritis and in bacterial and viral infections (3). (rndsystems.com)
2006]. Patients with XLA have decreased number of mature B cells and lack of all immunoglobulin isotypes causing susceptibility to severe bacterial infections [Reviewed in Lindvall et al. (lu.se)

One method of viral uptake is through clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). (wikipedia.org)
Using inhibitors targeting cellular uptake pathways, we confirmed that planktonic GAS mainly uses a clathrin-mediated uptake pathway that also required actin and dynamin. (lu.se)

Once the virus is anchored to the cell surface, virus uptake typically occurs using host mechanisms such as endocytosis. (wikipedia.org)
The secretin complex of Thermus thermophilus is an oligomer of the 757-residue PilQ protein, essential for DNA uptake and pilus extrusion. (elifesciences.org)
Many conserved proteins of the bacterial DNA uptake machineries are similar to components of protein secretion and type IV pilus biogenesis systems and often play a dual role ( Hobbs and Mattick, 1993 ). (elifesciences.org)
Although the CDTs are generally considered to all function as bacterial genotoxins, the extent to which individual members of the CDTs employ similar mechanisms of cell surface binding, uptake, and trafficking within sensitive cells is poorly understood. (illinois.edu)

Cell-matrix adhesion controls Golgi organization and function through Arf1 activation in anchorage-dependent cells. (molvisindex.org)
We propose that this might be a common feature of the interactions of IDRs, and is likely to pose a challenge for the development of small molecule inhibitors of FnBP-mediated adhesion to and invasion of host cells. (hud.ac.uk)
This regulation led to reduced EHEC adhesion to host cells. (nih.gov)
CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1) expressed on lymphocytes is known to play an important role in lymphocyte trafficking (adhesion to vascular endothelium), as well as interactions to antigen presenting cells (APC). (medscape.com)
Currently, 18 subtypes have been reported: 12 are type I (dysfunctional lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor synthesis), and 6 are type II (dysfunctional trimming/processing of the protein-bound oligosaccharide), including leukocyte adhesion deficiency II (CDG-IIc). (medscape.com)
Variants of leukocyte adhesion deficiency have also been reported, including fully expressed but nonfunctional CD18 and an E selectin that is expressed but rapidly cleaved from the cell surface (only present in soluble form). (medscape.com)
Biofilm formation requires three different stages: cell attachment to a solid substrate, adhesion, and growth. (intechopen.com)

The locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) in EHEC encodes a type three secretion system and effector proteins, all of which are essential for bacterial adherence to host cells. (nih.gov)
The N-terminal domains of secretins consist of copies of stacked rings which form a periplasmic channel that connects to IM-associated proteins, forming a multi-component secretion system. (elifesciences.org)
We have also found that CD59 is essential for secretion from other cell types such as neurons. (lu.se)
2022) Alternative splicing encodes novel intracellular CD59 isoforms that mediate insulin secretion and are downregulated in diabetic islets. (lu.se)
Previous work in this area has been on modeling the assembly structure of the type III secretion system and prediction of the high-resolution structures of homo-oligomeric proteins using limited experimental data from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) in order to speed up the process of structure determination. (lu.se)

These ligands not only consist of endogenous proteins but also bacterial and viral products. (wikipedia.org)
After entry into the cell, these intracellular parasites require factors in the host cell to support viral replication and release of progeny virions. (wikipedia.org)
Specifically, the host factors include proteins, such as transcription factors and polymerases, which aid in replicating the viral genome. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, the sole entry into a live host does not necessarily result in propagation for viral progeny as the cell may not contain the critical transcription factors or polymerases for virus replication. (wikipedia.org)
TMPRSS2 is needed to cleave the spike protein for viral fusion to cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
It remains to be shown if PSGL - 1/mIgG 2b can competitively inhibit and sterically block toxin and viral attachment to the cell surface. (avhandlingar.se)
Our research is directed to develop new approaches for viral vector design, novel vaccine formulations with improved efficacy and optimized preventive and therapeutic MVA-based immunization strategies (e.g. vaccination protocols for T cell-pillowed immunotherapy). (uniklinik-duesseldorf.de)
Therefore, one focus of our work is the identification of key mechanisms essential for the efficient generation (priming) and expansion (recall) of anti-viral or vaccine-induced T cell responses. (uniklinik-duesseldorf.de)
Card9 complexes are engaged upon fungal, bacterial, or viral recognition, and they are essential for host protection. (nih.gov)
If the immune system recognizes the peptides as foreign (such as viral or bacterial peptides), it responds by triggering the infected cell to self-destruct. (medlineplus.gov)

Protein-Adsorbed Magnetic-Nanoparticle-Mediated Assay for Rapid Detection of Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance. (uga.edu)
The projects feature state-of-the-art methods for the investigation of cell biology, such as flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, protein interaction analyses using the proximity-ligation assay and Biacore, and genetic manipulation employing the Cas9/CRISPR system. (lu.se)

Supramolecular regulation of bioorthogonal catalysis in cells using nanoparticle-embedded transition metal catalysts. (nature.com)
Here, we discuss the molecular regulation and the physiological functions of Card9 in host defense and immune homeostasis, and provide a framework for the therapeutic targeting of Card9 signaling in immune-mediated diseases. (nih.gov)
Sjöberg A., Trouw L., McGrath F., Hack E. C. and Blom A. M. (2006) Regulation of complement activation by C-reactive protein: targeting of the inhibitory activity of C4b-binding protein. (lu.se)

Bioorthogonal catalysis mediated by transition metals has inspired a new subfield of artificial chemistry complementary to enzymatic reactions, enabling the selective labelling of biomolecules or in situ synthesis of bioactive agents via non-natural processes. (nature.com)
RF3 subsequently cooperated with another release factor, RF2, leading to the premature termination of protein synthesis and the ensuing release of incomplete misfolded nascent polypeptide chains from the ribosome. (izb-online.de)
Conversely, when this mechanism was inhibited through deletion of RF3, misfolded proteins accumulated in aggregates and impaired the synthesis of new peptide chains. (izb-online.de)
The bactericidal activity of Ampicillin results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis and is mediated through Ampicillin binding to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). (druglib.com)
By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, Ampicillin inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. (druglib.com)
Such interactions generally result in a decrease in protein synthesis, either by stimulating mRNA degradation or by inhibiting translation. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, citric acid cycle intermedi- ates are not used for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and are shuttled out of the mitochondria, providing precursors for nucleotide, amino acid, and lipid synthesis path- ways for the dividing cell [13]. (who.int)

This capsule encases the entire cell surface, accounts for the large appearance of the organism on gram stain, and provides resistance against many host defense mechanisms. (medscape.com)
Antimicrobial proteins and peptides offer a multifaceted mechanism suitable to fight bacterial resistance. (frontiersin.org)
Any drug impairing crucial processes for bacterial life will inevitably lead to the development of drug-resistant strains, whereas the inhibition of biofilm formation might prevent the onset of bacterial resistance. (intechopen.com)
When using CILOXAN eye drops one should take into account the risk of rhinopharyngeal passage which can contribute to the occurrence and the diffusion of bacterial resistance. (medicines.org.uk)
Loss of ybeY function, which results in a marked resistance to HU, had global affects on sRNA-mediated gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)

TTCs form the platform on which the tail-tube proteins self-assemble and are also the attachment point for fibers or receptor-binding proteins that mediate phage-adsorption to the surface of the host cell. (nih.gov)

It will be interesting whether a similar system exists in eukaryotic cells. (izb-online.de)
We provide the mechanistic framework for a cell junction that predates eukaryotic gap junctions by a billion years. (biorxiv.org)
Conceptual parallels exist between bacterial and eukaryotic small-RNA (sRNA) pathways, yet relatively little is known about which protein may recognize and recruit bacterial sRNAs to interact with targets. (biomedcentral.com)

CRISPRi genetic interaction analysis revealed Retro-2 activity resembles disruption of the transmembrane domain recognition complex (TRC) pathway, which mediates post-translational ER-targeting and insertion of tail-anchored (TA) proteins, including SNAREs required for retrograde transport. (elifesciences.org)
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are phylogenetically conserved enzymes that catalyze post-translational deimination/citrullination of proteins, causing structural and functional changes in target proteins. (open.ac.uk)

In response to the virus production in the cell, the host cell can release a protein such as cytokine like interferon (IFN) that will signal for an immune response. (wikipedia.org)
Within the RNaseA superfamily there is a group of highly cationic proteins secreted by innate immune cells with anti-infective and immune-regulatory properties. (frontiersin.org)
Mtb is an intracellular pathogen able to survive indefinitely under unfavorable conditions inside primary host immune cells, preferably residing in human alveolar macrophages ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
These processes result from a complex inflammatory response that is initiated through the innate immune system by interactions between host cells and microbes or endogenous host factors that are released during injury or cell death. (ucsf.edu)
Using a Xa pathotype C strain that infects Mexican lime only and sweet oranges as a pathosystem to study the immune response triggered by this bacterium in these hosts, we herein report that the Xa flagellin C protein (XaFliC) acts as a potent defence elicitor in sweet oranges. (bvsalud.org)
[26] One type of primary immunodeficiency disorder resulting in genetic failure is X-linked agammaglobulinemia , in which the absence of an enzyme essential for B cell development prevents the host's immune system from generating antibodies to a pathogen . (webot.org)
Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein (Card)9 is a nonredundant adapter protein that functions in the innate immune system in the assembly of multifunctional signaling complexes. (nih.gov)
Second, endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 cleaves many types of proteins into small peptides that can be recognized by the immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
MHC class I proteins display the peptides to the immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
While the protein is involved in the normal functioning of the immune system, it plays a particular role in protecting the body against the development of autoimmune disorders and cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
Genetic Variants in ERAP1 and ERAP2 Associated With Immune-Mediated Diseases Influence Protein Expression and the Isoform Profile. (medlineplus.gov)
Unlocking the Mysteries of the Immune System: new Roles of complement proteins in Diabetes and Cancer. (lu.se)
1998]. XLP patients exhibit immune defects such as abnormal natural killer and T cell mediated cytotoxicity. (lu.se)

This position requires a person with strong background in bacterial genetics (specifically Gram- negatives). (bio.net)

Increased expression of specific heat shock proteins (HSPs) in CD patients protects intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) from death. (dal.ca)
All M-types tested adhered to and were internalized into epithelial cells. (lu.se)

They are able to activate complement, which causes selective deposition of C3b onto LPS molecules at sites distant from the bacterial cell membrane. (medscape.com)
This inhibits the formation of the membrane attack complex (C5b-C9), which prevents membrane damage and bacterial cell death. (medscape.com)

SseI inhibits normal cell migration of primary macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) in vitro, and such inhibition requires the host factor IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 (IQGAP1), an important regulator of cell migration. (pasteur.fr)
Preliminary screening of T3SS inhibitors was based on the inhibition of the hpa1 gene promoter and showed no effect on bacterial growth. (bvsalud.org)
Mark L., Lee W. H., Villoutreix B. O., Proctor D., Blackbourn, D., Spiller B. O. and Blom A. M. (2004) KSHV complement control protein mimics human molecular mechanisms for inhibition of the complement system. (lu.se)

Fisk University student Vida Storm Robertson highlighted a publication that appeared in the Journal of Molecular Biology , with contributions from SBGrid member Katrina Forest of University of Wisconsin-Madison, reporting spectroscopy results that demonstrate the importance of the arrangement of conjugated residues in light reactive protein. (sbgrid.org)
In multicellular cyanobacteria, septal junctions enable molecular exchange between sister cells and are required for cellular differentiation. (biorxiv.org)
Altogether, evidence suggests a role of the Francisella tularensis protein in a mechanism of molecular mimicry. (sciencedaily.com)
Identifying small differences between the pathogen and human proteins through Next Generation genome-wide datasets could help develop molecular targets in the development of new drug treatments, she said. (sciencedaily.com)
This volume is thus an essential reference for microbiologists, immunologists, and cell and molecular biologists, as well as clinicians and other public health professionals. (cshlpress.com)
Correspondence with low molecular weight chemicals that results in the priming of chemical-specific, Prof. Dr. Stefan F. Martin, Allergy Research skin-homing CD8+ Tc1/Tc17 and CD4+ Th1/Th17 cells. (cdc.gov)
We aim to investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for these novel functions of COMP, particularly those related to basic cell biology and tumor immunology. (lu.se)

SseI binds directly to IQGAP1 and co-localizes with this factor at the cell periphery. (pasteur.fr)
As the latter bind to salivary glycoproteins through recognition of terminal sialic acids, we wanted to determine whether S. pneumoniae also binds to salivary proteins through possibly the same mechanism. (lu.se)
We found that only a capsule-free mutant of S. pneumoniae TIGR4 binds to salivary proteins, most prominently to mucin MUC7, but that this binding was not mediated through PsrP or recognition of sialic acid. (lu.se)
Trouw L., Nilsson S., Goncalvez I., Landberg G. and Blom A. M. (2005) C4b-binding protein binds to necrotic cells and DNA, which limits DNA release and inhibits complement activation. (lu.se)

Protein misfolding and aggregation are common pathological features of several human diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes. (nature.com)
EBV (MHV68)) or bacterial diseases (e.g. (uniklinik-duesseldorf.de)

In this section, we will focus on proteins involved in biofilm formation as useful targets for the development of new drugs that can effectively and specifically impair biofilm formation with slight effects on cell survival, thus avoiding the generation of drug-resistant strains. (intechopen.com)
Traditional prevention methods have utilized antibiotics to target bacterial growth, which has accelerated the emergence of resistant strains. (bvsalud.org)

This is necessary because most host iron is bound to intracellular and extracellular proteins. (medscape.com)
The OM-embedded C-terminal secretin domain likely provides an aperture for DNA and protein translocation through the OM, connecting the periplasm to the extracellular environment. (elifesciences.org)
1. The role of cell-specific extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2 and ERK5) in sepsis and inflammatory critical illness. (ucsf.edu)
We reported that extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) mediates the TLR2-dependent activation of human endothelial cells and monocytes (Wilhelmsen et al, JBC 2012). (ucsf.edu)

We are excited about these findings, which describe a new mechanism of protein quality control at the bacterial ribosome. (izb-online.de)
This mechanism is crucial to maintain proteostasis when chaperone availability is restricted as it facilitates clearance of misfolded proteins. (izb-online.de)
The next steps involve identifying similar mechanism in yeast or mammalian cells. (izb-online.de)
Like microRNAs (miRNAs) in eukaryotes, trans -acting bacterial sRNAs appear to recognize their targets by a seed-pairing mechanism using seeds as small as 6-7 nucleotides. (biomedcentral.com)

This disease is a defect in fucose metabolism (lack of fucosylation of the carbohydrate selectin ligands) that results in failure to express the ligand for E and P selectin, sialyl Lewis-X (CD15s) expressed on leukocytes and endothelial cells. (medscape.com)
Cell Metabolism, 29, 202-210. (lu.se)

The folding helpers ensure that proteins are folded correctly, repair misfolded proteins and initiate the degradation of faulty proteins at the proteasome. (izb-online.de)

The structure of an SfbI-5 peptide in complex with the second and third F1 modules from Fn confirms that the conserved FnBR residues play equivalent functional roles across bacterial species. (hud.ac.uk)
The Hellman Group studies TLR-dependent pathways expressed by macrophages as well as non-conventional inflammatory cells, including endothelial cells, in Inflammatory Critical Illness, focusing on their roles in coagulopathy, vascular permeability, neutrophil trafficking to organs, and organ injury and failure. (ucsf.edu)
We have defined the roles of several MAPKs (p38, JNK, ERK1/2, ERK5) and of NF-κB in TLR2-dependent signaling to inflammation, and have newly identified ERK5 as a key mediator of TLR2-dependent signaling in endothelial cells and human monocytes. (ucsf.edu)

Because these proteins are so similar to the human proteins, it mimics them and enables them to interfere with the body's immunity response, thereby protecting the pathogen,'' Dr. Champion said. (sciencedaily.com)
We are interested to dissect the basic requirements for the efficient induction, expansion and maintenance of MVA-mediated immunity. (uniklinik-duesseldorf.de)
However, knowledge about the biological properties of target antigens or modalities of antigen delivery to efficiently induce or expand MVA-vaccine-mediated immunity in vivo is still sparse. (uniklinik-duesseldorf.de)

Esr41-mediated ler and pch repression was not observed in cells lacking hfq, which encodes an RNA-binding protein essential for most sRNA functions, indicating that Esr41 acts in an Hfq-dependent manner. (nih.gov)
This gene encodes for a cell surface polysaccharide containing rhamnose (2). (biologists.com)
The gene affected encodes a SH2D1A protein consisting only of a SH2 domain and a short C-terminal tail [Sayos et al. (lu.se)

Endothelial cell tropism or endotheliotropism is a type of tissue tropism or host tropism that characterizes an pathogen's ability to recognize and infect an endothelial cell. (wikipedia.org)
We found that CTL responses against MVA-produced antigens were dominated by cross-priming in vivo , despite the ability of the virus to efficiently infect professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) such as dendritic cells (DC). (uniklinik-duesseldorf.de)
The capacity of pneumococci to adhere to and infect lower airway cells is mediated by host-expressed platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR). (cdc.gov)

Liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC - MS) revealed that the O - glycosylation was more abundant and complex than previously reported which may limit their use for the production of therapeutic proteins. (avhandlingar.se)
The goals are to further delineate the downstream pathways leading to coagulopathy and organ failure, and identify potential therapeutic targets to mitigate these deleterious outcomes without negatively impacting bacterial clearance. (ucsf.edu)

In earlier work, we established that 20E, signaling through a canonical nuclear hormone receptor pathway, is required for PGRP-LC expression both in cultured cells and in adult flies. (biomedcentral.com)
Massive-scale transient expression in Chinese language Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells offers a fast protein manufacturing methodology with a possible start-to-end alignment benefit for biotherapeutics drug discovery. (molvisindex.org)
PAFR protein levels were assessed by using immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry, and PAFR mRNA expression was assessed by using quantitative PCR. (cdc.gov)
We found very high levels of expression of the central complement protein, C3, and complement inhibitor CD59 in human pancreatic islets. (lu.se)
we found that the expression of cartilage protein COMP is associated with metastases and a poor prognosis for patients with various types of solid cancers. (lu.se)

Blom A. M. , Kask L. and B. Dahlbäck (2001) Structural requirements for the complement regulatory activities of C4b-binding protein. (lu.se)
Kask L., Hillarp A., Ramesh B., Dahlbäck B., and Blom A. M. (2002) Structural requirements for the intra-cellular subunit polymerization of the complement inhibitor C4b-binding protein. (lu.se)
Our goal is to use high-resolution structural modeling techniques guided by constraints taken from lower resolution experimental data to generate structural models of important biological protein assemblies for which high resolution structural determination is unfeasible. (lu.se)

Thus, in SfbI-5, the binding energy for the tandem β-zipper interaction with Fn is distributed across the interface rather than concentrated in a small number of ″hot spot″ residues that are frequently observed in the interactions of folded proteins. (hud.ac.uk)
Carbohydrate - protein inte ractions in nature are often mediated via multivalent binding where the combined strength of multiple receptor - ligand interactions results in a binding that is highly specific and strong. (avhandlingar.se)

Other cell mechanisms are also at the different subcellular levels. (wikipedia.org)
Several studies have recently shown that features such as its high infectivity, slow growth, and complex cell-wall structure, make M. tuberculosis a major challenge to be faced, since the specific mechanisms that reinforce the high virulence of Mtb remain largely unknown ( 4 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Other chapters are devoted to the pathogenic mechanisms of specific bacterial species (e.g. (cshlpress.com)
Our goal is to gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and implications of C3 and CD59 in pancreatic β-cell function and diabetes. (lu.se)

4. The effects of TLR2 activation on the vascular endothelium, including on endothelial inflammatory responses, leucocyte trafficking, coagulation pathways and permeability: Endothelial cell (EC) activation, coagulopathy, and vascular leak contribute to sepsis-induced organ failure. (ucsf.edu)

2023 Nature Cell Biology 25:92. (ccf.org)

C1q is a serum protein that is synthesized by macrophages and microglia. (bdbiosciences.com)
We have characterized the effects of bacterial lipoproteins on monocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells, and have done extensive work on the effects of TLR2 activation on coagulation and permeability in vitro and in vivo. (ucsf.edu)

Host defense against bacterial invasion depends on phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear granulocytes and the bactericidal effect of serum, mediated in large part by complement proteins. (medscape.com)

In addition, the receptor density on the surface of the endothelial cell also affects how efficiently the virus enters the host cell. (wikipedia.org)
It is the C-terminus of gpJ that interacts with the lamB receptor on host cells. (nih.gov)
ZAP-70 deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive form of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) caused by mutations in the gene coding for T cell receptor z-chain associated protein kinase [ Chan et al. (lu.se)
The loss of ZAP-70 function leads to selective inability to produce CD8+ T lymphocytes and abolishes T cell receptor stimulation in mature CD4+ T lymphocytes [Arpaia, et al. (lu.se)

The bacterial foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes clonal 41 complex 1 (Lm-CC1) is the most prevalent clonal group associated with listeriosis, and is 42 strongly associated with cattle and dairy products. (cdc.gov)

The protein induction of autophagy was analyzed by RT-qPCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. (frontiersin.org)

These proteins also were found in hosts such as humans, mouse and rat. (sciencedaily.com)

A class of small affinity proteins, denoted affibody molecules, has been developed at our department. (kth.se)
Affibody molecules are based on a 58-amino acid protein domain, derived from staphylococcal protein A, which has served as scaffold for construction of combinatorial libraries from which affibody binding proteins can be selected to desired target proteins. (kth.se)
The systems are presently evaluated for selection of affinity proteins, i.e. affibody molecules and domain antibodies, using surface-displayed libraries. (kth.se)
MW) chemicals interact with host cells and molecules and In our daily life, we are confronted with a plethora of natural influence biologic processes such as signal transduction. (cdc.gov)

Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein facilitates transfer of bacterial cell wall components to inflammatory cells. (medscape.com)
These results suggest HtpG acts extra- and intra-cellularly to mediate inflammatory signaling. (dal.ca)
2. The immunomodulatory role of the endocannabinoid system in inflammatory activation of endothelial cells and leukocytes: We recently discovered that the endocannabinoid N-arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA) can negatively regulate endothelial cell activation by a variety of inflammatory agonists. (ucsf.edu)

Fig. 4: PT-MN-mediated prodrug activation in vitro. (nature.com)
Cell-based and in vitro assays show that Retro-2 blocks delivery of newly-synthesized TA-proteins to the ER-targeting factor ASNA1 (TRC40). (elifesciences.org)

Members of the Klebsiella genus typically express 2 types of antigens on their cell surface. (medscape.com)
These proteins usually have a stalk, which helps them cross the bacterial cell surface and be projected closer to their targets - regardless of what they are trying to bind to. (embl-em.de)
These peptides are exported to the cell surface, where they attach to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I proteins. (medlineplus.gov)

This protein is an aminopeptidase, which is an enzyme that cuts (cleaves) other proteins into smaller fragments called peptides. (medlineplus.gov)

Currently we are working with development of methods to determine structures of fibrillar proteins by a combination of structure modeling and X-ray fiber diffraction interference. (lu.se)

When fluorochrome conjugated antibodies are bound to BD® CompBeads, they have spectral properties very similar to cells. (bdbiosciences.com)

There are a multitude of endothelial cell features that influence cell tropism and ultimately, contribute to endothelial cell activation and dysfunction as well as the continuation of the virus life cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Ultimately, he wants to create a 'periodic table' of protein families. (embo.org)
This reduction in peptidoglycans results in the loss of the integrity of the bacterial cell wall and ultimately culminates in cell damage caused by high internal osmotic pressure. (randox.com)

Fig. 5: PT-MN-mediated prodrug activation in vivo for anticancer studies. (nature.com)

STAT1 mediates interferon signalling as a part of the JAK-STAT1-pathway [Zhu et al. (lu.se)

Anatomy19

Organisms27

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs61

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes67

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Health Care1

Pathogens11

Bacteria28

Pathogenesis2

Receptors12

Highly conserved2

Regulates6

Infection18

Genes8

Biofilms1

Toxins4

Host-pathogen2

Recombinant8

Virulence factors1

Coli4

Infections7

Clathrin-mediated2

Uptake4

Adhesion7

Secretion5

Viral10

Assay2

Regulation3

Synthesis7

Resistance5

Phage-adsorption1

Eukaryotic3

Post-translational2

Immune13

Genetics1

Epithelial cells2

Membrane2

Inhibition3

Molecular7

Binds4

Diseases2

Strains2

Extracellular4

Mechanism4

Metabolism2

Degradation1

Roles3

Immunity3

Encodes3

Infect3

Therapeutic2

Expression5

Structural3

Interactions2

Mechanisms4

Pathways1

20231

Macrophages2

Complement proteins1

Receptor4

Pathogen1

Induction1

Humans1

Molecules4

Inflammatory3

Vitro2

Surface3

Peptides1

Fibrillar1

Antibodies1

Ultimately3

Vivo1

Pathway1