• The devices become colonized by the microorganisms that form a biofilm of cells, the detachment of which can result in septicemia ( 2 - 5 , 8 , 9 , 14 , 15 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Biofilms are universal, complex, interdependent communities of surface-associated microorganisms. (cdc.gov)
  • Most microorganisms grow in structured biofilms rather than individually in suspensions and while in this environment may display altered phenotypes ( 2 ) . (cdc.gov)
  • The highest fluconazole concentrations resulted in increased viable counts of streptococci and total microorganisms in the oral microbiome biofilm model, despite a tendency for reduced biomass and similar pH values by the end of the experiment. (abstractarchives.com)
  • Microbial population growth measurements are widespread in the study of microorganisms, providing insight into areas including genetics, physiology, and engineering. (duke.edu)
  • At elevated cell densities, microorganisms need to efficiently coordinate the expression of energetically expensive phenotypes, such as biofilm development, exoenzyme production and microbial dispersal. (peerj.com)
  • Sprinklers and showerheads are known to support the development of microbial biofilms, which can be a source of infection by pathogenic microorganisms. (huji.ac.il)
  • 3] Biofilms consist of microorganisms encased within a self-produced matrix of exoproteins and exopolysaccharides, which strongly attach themselves to interfaces and highly resist dislodgement. (blogspot.com)
  • Some bacteria are able to produce biofilms, either alone or with other microorganisms. (futurelearn.com)
  • Quorum sensing is the mechanism through which microorganisms regulate their population density and activity with chemical signaling. (mdpi.com)
  • Several studies focusing on the efficacy of mouthwashes with diverse chemical composition demonstrated that combination of sodium fluoride and sodium lauryl sulfate as well as essential oils is able to diminish the metabolic activity of microorganisms present in the dental biofilm 11-13 . (bvsalud.org)
  • A biofilm comprises any syntrophic consortium of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • Biofilms can attach to a surface such as a tooth or rock, and may include a single species or a diverse group of microorganisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • The formation of a biofilm begins with the attachment of free-floating microorganisms to a surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • Biofilms are complex, highly dynamic, structured ecosystems formed by a community of different microorganisms living attached to inert or living surfaces and embedded in a matrix designated extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). (intechopen.com)
  • Several other microorganisms come after entering in this very competitive ecosystem where quorum sensing and antibiotic resistance are determinants in the development of the community. (intechopen.com)
  • Bacteria accumulate on both the hard and soft oral tissues in biofilms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bacterial adhesion is particularly important for oral bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Instead, bacteria with the ability to form attachments to the acquired pellicle, which contains certain salivary proteins, on the surface of the teeth, begin the establishment of the biofilm. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast to the free-living, or planktonic, bacteria commonly studied in the lab, most prokaryotes in nature settle down in complex communities, often consisting of several interacting species. (the-scientist.com)
  • Biofilms form when groups of bacteria cover themselves in a sticky mixture of sugars, protein, and DNA. (the-scientist.com)
  • Within the biofilm, bacteria take on different responsibilities. (the-scientist.com)
  • And other bacteria defend the community, building molecular weapons that shoot competitors with toxins. (the-scientist.com)
  • Microbes such as bacteria tend to live in complex colonies called biofilms, where they can resist antibiotics and cause more problems for the immune system. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Biofilms comprising millions of bacteria are at the root of many serious chronic infectious diseases such as cystic fibrosis and periodontal disease, as well as industrial contamination, biofouling and biocorrosion. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In cystic fibrosis, excess mucus production in the airways gives sanctuary to bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which actually mop up the dead carcasses of white blood cells sent by the immune system, enabling them to construct their protective biofilm coat. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The ESF workshop also highlighted greater understanding of the complex interactions within biofilms, which often comprise not just one species of bacteria, but a whole host of different micro-organisms, including archaea, protozoa, fungi, and even tiny metazoa actually comprising multiple cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The results of PhyloChip and FISH technologies provide evidence for selective enrichment of sulfate-reducing bacteria, which was confirmed by the detection of bacterial dissimilatory sulfite reductase subunit B (dsrB) genes via quantitative PCR and sequence-based analyses. (lbl.gov)
  • The prospect is to influence the bacteria stored in the biofilm, particularly using topical antibacterial agents. (fortuneonline.org)
  • Bacteria in adenoids usually include many other species and provide an indolent persistent inflammatory process with biofilm formation [9, 10]. (fortuneonline.org)
  • Therefore, biofilm matrix gives the additional resistance power to bacteria which makes them to not only tolerate harsh conditions but also resistant to antibiotics which lead to the emergence of bad bugs infections like multi drug resistant, extensively drug resistant and totally drug resistant bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We use a combination of bacterial genetics, biochemistry, structural biology, and chemical biology to understand how bacteria respond appropriately to signals in a complex environment. (wadsworth.org)
  • Bacteria communicate, coordinate, and cooperate as a population and this `social' behavior is key to their proliferation. (duke.edu)
  • Bacteria often switch from a free-living lifestyle to a surface adapted, structured lifestyle known as a biofilm. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • We found that subpopulations of biofilm bacteria undergo cell death and lysis as a feature of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm life cycle. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • We isolated and named this phage, showed that it becomes superinfective to its host during biofilm development, and found that it plays a role in phenotypic diversification of biofilm bacteria. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • But Megan Frederickson , an ecologist and evolutionary biologist at the University of Toronto, is interested in a different, microscopic social community: bacteria. (the-scientist.com)
  • Researchers have known for more than 20 years that bacteria participate in collective behaviors such as forming biofilms and acquiring nutrients from the environment. (the-scientist.com)
  • While homogeneous planktonic populations were studied in sterile labs, the heterogeneous (mixed bacteria, virus, fungus) biofilms represent reality in our body. (blogspot.com)
  • The extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), also called 'slime', covering and cementing of biofilm colonies protects the bacteria from antibiotics, bacteriocins (produced by probiotics), antibodies, and other medicines/herbs which might kill it. (blogspot.com)
  • The bacteria is gram negative, rod shaped and aerobic belongs to the bacterial family of pseudomonadanceae. (ukessays.com)
  • Where bacteria are present in high numbers, mutations can arise spontaneously and then such bacteria are selected for within that population under antibiotic selective pressure. (futurelearn.com)
  • Due to oxidative stress within the biofilm, bacteria may develop mutations at a higher rate. (futurelearn.com)
  • If bacteria are in a biofilm they may be more resistant to antibiotics and require higher doses of drug. (futurelearn.com)
  • Anna Chiara Trano 2021 "Exploring marine bacterial communities with a focus on bacteria attached to particles" Based at Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (Italy), PhD registered at Open University. (plymouth.ac.uk)
  • Many antimicrobial agents that are effective against planktonic cells turn out to be ineffective against the same bacteria growing in a biofilm state 9,10 . (bvsalud.org)
  • the bacteria organize themselves into a coordinated functional community. (wikipedia.org)
  • [13] The biofilm bacteria can share nutrients and are sheltered from harmful factors in the environment, such as desiccation, antibiotics, and a host body's immune system. (wikipedia.org)
  • They can be found very early in Earth's fossil records (about 3.25 billion years ago) as both Archaea and Bacteria, and commonly protect prokaryotic cells by providing them with homeostasis, encouraging the development of complex interactions between the cells in the biofilm. (wikipedia.org)
  • [8] [5] The first colonist bacteria of a biofilm may adhere to the surface initially by the weak van der Waals forces and hydrophobic effects. (wikipedia.org)
  • Combination of photosensitizers and bacteriophage therapy can be employed to eradicate biofilms, contributing to control of infections also caused by drug-resistant bacteria. (intechopen.com)
  • Here, we review the literature on culture-independent analysis of microbial diversity in the BE and explore what it tells us about the dynamics and distribution of bacteria and fungi in these environments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Biofilms are a mixture of complex communities of organisms mostly composed of diverse bacteria that vary depending on the surrounding environmental conditions induced by physical and chemical factors. (intechopen.com)
  • Observation of biofilms dates back to the seventeenth century when Antonie van Leeuwenhoek observed bacteria from the plaque biofilm of his teeth under his primitive microscope [ 2 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • We are developing and applying high-throughput single-cell genomic technologies to identify and characterize diverse functional subpopulations of bacteria within complex microbial samples. (isbscience.org)
  • We are interested in unraveling the roles and behavior of individual bacteria in challenging environments such as the human host, and within structured multi-species communities known as biofilms. (isbscience.org)
  • Single-cell studies reveal heterogeneity of bacterial gene expression even in genetically identical bacteria grown under the same lab conditions. (isbscience.org)
  • Bacteria differentiate into distinct subpopulations responsible for different functional activities to benefit the community. (isbscience.org)
  • Most bacterial nosocomial pneumonias occur by aspiration of bacteria colonizing the oropharynx or upper gastrointestinal tract of the patient. (cdc.gov)
  • As the ESF Biofilm workshop's convenor Tom J. Battin, from the University of Vienna, pointed out, biofilms are involved in most chronic infections, including killers such as cystic fibrosis, and endocarditis in the heart. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Understanding the physiology of these structured microbial communities is not only essential to the treatment of chronic infections, but also important to industrial applications, such as bioremediation, anti-biofouling and food hygiene. (nature.com)
  • Many such manifestations of infections associated with the formation of Candida biofilms include those occurring on devices such as indwelling intravascular catheters. (cdc.gov)
  • Fungal biofilm-associated infections are frequently refractory to conventional therapy because of resistance to antimicrobial agents. (cdc.gov)
  • Biofilm-associated Candida show uniform resistance to a wide spectrum of the currently available conventional antifungal agents, which implies that antimicrobial drugs that specifically target biofilm-associated infections are needed. (cdc.gov)
  • The use of drugs effective in combating biofilm-associated infections could lead to major developments in the treatment of fungal implant infections. (cdc.gov)
  • The findings are of relevance, given the importance of microbial homeostasis for human health, together with current challenges related to the increase in antibiotic resistance and the need for new strategies to fight infections. (abstractarchives.com)
  • There are many approaches being used to control infections by suppressing its formation but CRISPR-CAS (gene editing technique) and photo dynamic therapy (PDT) are proposed to be used as therapeutic approaches to subside bacterial biofim infections, especially caused by deadly drug resistant bad bugs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Stealth infections, hiding in biofilm communities, were never mentioned. (blogspot.com)
  • Although Anthony van Leeuwenhoek, who discovered microbial attachment to his own tooth surface, is credited with the discovery of biofilm nearly 40 years ago, one of the major breakthroughs happened when Dr. G.D. Ehrlich confirmed the hypothesis in 2006, that indeed chronic middle-ear disorders are 'chronic' biofilm related and don't recur due to new infections. (blogspot.com)
  • Today we know that biofilms are involved in most (probably all) microbial, and even some viral or mixed multispecies (bacterial, viral, fungal) infections in the body. (blogspot.com)
  • It is estimated that 80% of all (and likely 100% of chronic) infections are biofilm related as biofilm formation is the preferred bacterial life style. (blogspot.com)
  • Evidence of Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease), Mycoplasma species, Chlamydia pneumoniae, human herpesvirus-1, -6 and -7 and other bacterial (Ehrlichia/Anaplasma, Babesia, Coxiella, Bartonella) and viral (Herpes Simplex, TBA-virus) infections revealed high infection rates in the patients affected by the above listed illnesses that were less likely or not found at all in controls. (blogspot.com)
  • Three recent articles [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] highlight how our understanding of bacterial persistence and recent advances in disinfection modalities may provide a means for control of biofilms and nosocomial infections. (medscape.com)
  • 2010) conclude that based upon the continued elucidation of chronic wound bioburdens as polymicrobial infections, it is recommended that, in addition to traditional biofilm-based wound care strategies, an antimicrobial/antibiofilm treatment program be tailored to each patient's respective wound microflora. (whyamistillsick.com)
  • The ability of C acnes to adhere to and form a biofilm, particularly on prosthetics, for example, is characteristic of the infections that it may cause. (medscape.com)
  • Felix d'Herelle first coined the term "bacteriophage" ( 4 ), literally meaning "bacterium eater," and began using phages to treat bacterial infections in human patients ( Fig. 1 ). (asm.org)
  • The discovery may eventually have significance for research into bacterial infections. (umu.se)
  • These findings deepen our knowledge of bacterial behaviour and may impact the development of strategies to manipulate bacterial populations or control bacterial infections," says Felipe Cava, professor at the Department of Molecular Biology at Umeå University. (umu.se)
  • Additionally, very rarely bacterial cells may enter a dormant state known as persistence which permits survival under antibiotic treatment and leads to the development of antibiotic resistance of bacterial infections. (isbscience.org)
  • These new antimicrobial and antibiofilm technologies will treat wound and medical device related infections, and will provide an alternative treatment to antibiotic classes in which bacterial resistance is high. (cdc.gov)
  • Expanding our microbial ecology knowledge at the intersection of public health will lead us to new strategies to prevent infections and combat antimicrobial resistance, especially in healthcare settings. (cdc.gov)
  • However, more research is needed in the field of microbial ecology to expand upon and develop new therapeutic strategies that address colonization, healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), and antimicrobial resistance, all while considering patient safety and the implications for a patient's microbiome. (cdc.gov)
  • This undermines the effectiveness of the available treatment options and thus contributes to the persistence of microbial infections. (who.int)
  • Sections on the prevention of bacterial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated and/or critically ill patients, care of respiratory-therapy devices, prevention of cross-contamination, and prevention of viral lower respiratory tract infections (e.g., respiratory syncytial virus {RSV} and influenza infections) have been expanded and updated. (cdc.gov)
  • Basic aspects of microbial ecology such as gene exchange, habitat modification, and interactions of microbes with the hosts on which they live are often best examined in this system. (bio.net)
  • Every year, the IGC organises a Summer School for motivated undergraduate students interested in the life sciences, from molecular and cellular biology to ecology, population genetics and mathematical modelling. (gulbenkian.pt)
  • The goal of this study is to understand the microbial ecology of MWFs, with special focus on biofilms and Mycobacteria including M. immunogenum, using molecular techniques in addition to traditional culture-based approaches. (cdc.gov)
  • There is no clearly significant differences in the microbial ecology of decubitus ulcer in relation to metadata except when considering diabetes, they add. (whyamistillsick.com)
  • I study a range of topics in microbial biology, ecology, and evolution. (plymouth.ac.uk)
  • CMEIAS bioimage informatics that define the landscape ecology of immature microbial biofilms developed on plant rhizoplane surfaces. (bashanfoundation.org)
  • CMEIAS-aided microscopy of the spatial ecology of individual bacterial interactions involving cell-to-cell communication within biofilms. (bashanfoundation.org)
  • In a new Ph.D. project, Maggie Knight will be exploring these conflicting phenomena and the way in which fundamental microbial ecology influences the abundance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in these locations and the natural environment. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Better understanding the ecology of microbes- relationships within and across these communities-is just the beginning of public health's scientific journey. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC knows there is an important connection between microbial ecology and the health and wellbeing of people. (cdc.gov)
  • Leveraging microbial ecology to advance and protect our health involves a cross-cutting and dynamic effort from diverse collaborators, including public health experts, academic researchers, private industry, and regulatory experts. (cdc.gov)
  • Although scientists know that microbial ecology plays an important role in maintaining human health, there are remaining scientific questions. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC invests in microbial ecology research to study the interactions of microbes among people, animals, plants, food, and surfaces (e.g., counter tops), all of which can serve as sources of microbes that can lead to infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Biofilms are home to millions of microbes, but disrupting their interactions could produce more effective antibiotics. (the-scientist.com)
  • These critical properties are derived from the existence of the protective slimy matrix within which members of the community live, preventing attack from both the immune system and antibiotics, but at the same time shielding them from toxic contaminants while breaking down waste or effluent. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Indeed resistance against antibiotics is itself one of the biggest problems of all associated with biofilms, Battin noted. (sciencedaily.com)
  • As the biofilms are resistant to antibiotics and the immune system's white blood cells, very often the only remedy is surgery, to replace a damaged valve, which can itself cause problems. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Current antibiotics work by interfering with bacterial growth, which is a fine game plan… until it stops working. (wadsworth.org)
  • This project will exploit novel nitric oxide based therapies to improve the effectiveness of antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • 1 These public goods can take many forms in a bacterial community: exopolysaccharides to build biofilms, enzymes that degrade antibiotics, or scavenging molecules to cope with nutrient scarcity in the environment. (the-scientist.com)
  • 4, 5 Another example of an exploitable compound is a bacterial enzyme used to degrade antibiotics. (the-scientist.com)
  • Antibiotics are 'magic bullets' with the aim of targeting parts of the bacterial physiology that are not present in eukaryotic cells. (futurelearn.com)
  • Antibiotics may not infiltrate the biofilm as easily. (futurelearn.com)
  • Maintaining dosing is important for some antibiotics in minimising the selection of antibiotic resistant mutants in high density bacterial populations. (futurelearn.com)
  • Microbes form a biofilm in response to a number of different factors, [9] which may include cellular recognition of specific or non-specific attachment sites on a surface, nutritional cues, or in some cases, by exposure of planktonic cells to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics . (wikipedia.org)
  • These unique biofilms are delivered in high biomass to the spring outflow that provides an outstanding window to the subsurface. (lbl.gov)
  • Samples of epiphytic biofilms showed a distinct community structure compared to seawater, lower diversity, and remarkably high alginolytic capability, suggesting adaptation to degrade algal biomass. (bvsalud.org)
  • This work provides insight into the impact of U. pinnatifida decay on seawater quality, and the role of microbial communities on adapting to massive biomass inputs through rapid DOM turnover. (bvsalud.org)
  • We showed that strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with increased mutation rates (caused by deletion of genes involved in DNA mismatch repair) produced more biofilm biomass in laboratory experiments. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • First, at the height of the scope, we observed an inhibition of certain microbial functions (microbial respiration and extracellular enzyme activities) and strong changes in composition of the bacterial community (Arrn 16s gene) while a Increased microbial biomass and activity and less effect on microbial diversity and community composition have been shown within the lower reach. (stjosephs-hospital.com)
  • Metabolic activity of the bacterial biofilm communities have altered as compared to the planktonic one such as increased rates of EPS production, activation or inhibition of particular genes associated with biofilm formation and decreased growth rate [ 39 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The exopolysaccharide genes such as pilB, pslA, lecA, ureB and alginate genes are responsible for the formation of pseudomonas biofilms. (ukessays.com)
  • The locus of the psl polysacchide genes encode the cells to adhere to a surface and thus maintaining the biofilm structure. (ukessays.com)
  • The genes responsible for the biofilm formation are quantified by comparing the planktonic and biofilm samples. (ukessays.com)
  • Temperate phages are capable of protecting their host from phage reinfection and may change the bacterial phenotype through the expression of viral genes, a process known as lysogenic conversion ( 1 ). (asm.org)
  • [10] [11] A cell that switches to the biofilm mode of growth undergoes a phenotypic shift in behavior in which large suites of genes are differentially regulated . (wikipedia.org)
  • The most commonly used molecular approach for exploring microbial diversity is based on the PCR amplification and sequencing of genes encoding small subunit ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) directly from environmental sources [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Even genetically identical bacterial cells often express different sets of genes and behave differently. (isbscience.org)
  • By gaining the knowledge of which genes are coexpressed in the same subset of bacterial cells, we will become able to identify and isolate strains or subpopulations producing specific metabolites or pathogenic factors. (isbscience.org)
  • Motile subpopulations in microbial communities are believed to be important for dispersal, quest for food, and material transport. (nature.com)
  • Subpopulations of cells within the biofilm differentiate to perform various activities for motility, matrix production, and sporulation, supporting the overall success of the biofilm. (wikipedia.org)
  • What specialized subpopulations emerge in biofilms in response to the environmental stressors such as antimicrobial agents? (isbscience.org)
  • Historically, multicellular bacterial communities, known as biofilms, have been thought to be held together solely by a self-produced extracellular matrix. (nature.com)
  • He used a tool known as parallel sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization (par-seqFISH) on populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a species often found in the lungs of people with cystic fibrosis. (the-scientist.com)
  • Biofilms can be composed of a population that developed from a single species or a community derived from multiple microbial species ( 14 , 17 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Growth pattern of Mycobacterium species are different such as M. chelonae and M. fortuitum form biofilm as vertical and entire surface growth, respectively [ 93 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • QS is a process of bacterial cell-cell communication that controls virulence and biofilm formation in many bacterial species. (wadsworth.org)
  • These findings are consistent with a tendency of other Acinetobacter species to survive on dry surfaces, form biofilms, and contribute to nosocomial outbreaks. (medscape.com)
  • The β-lactam family of drugs target the bacterial cell wall and therefore, would not have any effect on Mycoplasma species. (futurelearn.com)
  • while there are between three and 10 primary populations in each wound there can be hundreds of different species present many of which are in trace amounts. (whyamistillsick.com)
  • Therefore, the applicability of these findings to other bacterial species needs additional investigation," says Oihane Irazoki. (umu.se)
  • Being able to engineer microbial communities for improved function will depend on the isolation and characterisation of novel microbial species and the partners they interact with in their natural environments. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Cytotoxic reactive species formed interaction with vital biomolecules leading to irreversible microbial inactivation. (intechopen.com)
  • In addition, multiple species frequently co-occur and interact in a polymicrobial biofilm. (isbscience.org)
  • We aim to create single-cell gene expression maps of model single- and multiple-species biofilms and their responses to external stimuli by a combination of single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell time-lapse imaging. (isbscience.org)
  • The ESF workshop highlighted the huge potential and importance of biofilms, and also drew attention to exciting work unravelling the complex genetic and cellular interactions within these small yet teeming communities. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Many biofilms are in fact complete micro-ecosystems, within which there is competition as well as cooperation, and unraveling the interactions will reveal valuable insights into how these evolved. (sciencedaily.com)
  • An understanding of the interactions that occur among phyllosphere microbes and between these microbes and their host plants is essential for the development of rational strategies to manipulate these communities in ways that are beneficial to agriculture and other managed ecosystems. (bio.net)
  • These intriguing molecules, generated from L-amino acids by racemase enzymes, play diverse and specific roles in various cellular processes, including cell wall formation, biofilm stability, spore germination, and interbacterial interactions. (umu.se)
  • I am interested in microbial communities and the interactions within. (pasteur.fr)
  • Throughout my PhD I focused on the molecular basis and regulatory processes underlying interspecies interactions, namely competition, in the context of biofilms. (pasteur.fr)
  • I further explored how such competitive interactions affected population dynamics as well as their role in the probiotic effect in an in vivo model we developed using gnotobiotic Zebrafish. (pasteur.fr)
  • After showing the composition of the biofilms adhering to the surface of the traditional dairy equipment (mainly wooden vat used to collect milk) and the microbiological characteristics of PDO Pecorino Siciliano cheese manufactured throughout Sicily, this cheese is taken as a case study to develop a strategy to improve its hygienic and safety characteristics. (unipa.it)
  • Studies have found that impairment of the normal composition of the nasopharyngeal microbiome involving biofilm formation is associated with susceptibility to acute respiratory illnesses and exacerbation of chronic URT diseases, in particular nasopharyngitis [11, 12, 13]. (fortuneonline.org)
  • Panels of studies have reported the role of various molecules in the biofilm formation and maintenance of its composition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Effects of stand density on soil microbial community composition and enzyme activities in subtropical Cunninghamia lanceolate (Lamb. (scirp.org)
  • The microbial populations and composition in the decubitus ulcers of diabetics may be significantly different from the communities in non-diabetics. (whyamistillsick.com)
  • Moreover, organic matter (in both particulate and dissolved forms) may be a major factor that controls the composition and structure of microbial communities in marine waters ( Dang and Lovell, 2016 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • reached a relatively stable richness and composition by approximately three to four weeks post-population, but continued to evolve in composition throughout the study duration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Community analysis was conducted to determine the bacterial composition and compare the detection of target pathogens by culture from 94 Contact Precaution rooms. (cdc.gov)
  • A significant difference was observed in bacterial composition between rooms cleaned with bleach and those cleaned with a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) for composite 2 (overbed table, intravenous pole, and inner room door handle) (ANOSIM R2=0.66, p=0.005) but not composite 1 (bed rails, television remote control unit, call buttons, and telephone). (cdc.gov)
  • We demonstrate that a mature 3D structure of mineral scaffolds holds the extracellular matrix and the bacterial cells together. (nature.com)
  • To assess the possible roles of biomineralization in biofilm development, we grew wild-type B. subtilis cells on media in the presence or absence of calcium acetate as a calcium source. (nature.com)
  • Kovács's team has found that in populations of the soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis , most microbes assume responsibility for matrix production during early development when they are little more than a throng of unconnected cells. (the-scientist.com)
  • For instance, the cells within a B. subtilis biofilm that are engaged in protease production are randomly determined. (the-scientist.com)
  • Yet there is also great excitement about an emerging application that could have some potential for green energy production - the use of biofilms to power microbial fuel cells whose fuel could be wastewater, as outlined at the ESF workshop by Cristian Picioreanu, Delft University of Technology. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We further established a differentiation of archaeal and bacterial cells by SR-FTIR based on typical lipid and carbohydrate signatures, which demonstrated a co-localization of organic sulfate, carbonated mineral and bacterial signatures in the biofilm. (lbl.gov)
  • Concomitantly, bacterial abundance peaked, reaching 4.68 ± 1.33 × 105 cells mL -1 (January), showing also higher capability of degrading alginate, a major component of brown algae cell walls. (bvsalud.org)
  • For example, in many occasions bacterial colonies are sessile and their expansion is driven by growth rather than by cell motility, but these sessile colonies normally preserve a subpopulation of motile cells for reasons that are not well understood 17 . (nature.com)
  • Cells in a bacterial colony move in confined space surrounded by boundaries between gas, liquid, and solid phases. (nature.com)
  • Individual microbial cells synthesize and release signaling molecules at a basal rate. (peerj.com)
  • An essential property of biofilms that grants them with increased survival relative to planktonic cells is phenotypic heterogeneity, the division of the biofilm population into functionally distinct subgroups of cells. (huji.ac.il)
  • The planktonic cells grow very rapidly whereas the bacterial adhering takes some time to form biofilm in other case. (ukessays.com)
  • Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses capable of infecting and replicating within bacterial cells. (asm.org)
  • Planktonic and biofilm cells also exhibit different susceptibilities to a certain antimicrobial concentration. (bvsalud.org)
  • Like other forms of bacterial multicellularity, van Gogh bundles illustrate how the organization of cells can help to overcome important ecological challenges. (naturalgenesis.net)
  • [2] [3] The cells within the biofilm produce the EPS components, which are typically a polymeric conglomeration of extracellular polysaccharides , proteins , lipids and DNA . (wikipedia.org)
  • The microbial cells growing in a biofilm are physiologically distinct from planktonic cells of the same organism, which, by contrast, are single cells that may float or swim in a liquid medium. (wikipedia.org)
  • CMEIAS JFrad: a new computing toolkit to discriminate the fractal geometry of landscape architecture and spatial patterns of individual cells in microbial biofilms. (bashanfoundation.org)
  • Variety is the spice of life: Survival of a bacterial population may depend on a few rare cells programmed to behave differently. (isbscience.org)
  • Not unlike individual cells in the human body, they may assume specialized roles for the benefit of the whole community. (isbscience.org)
  • Many cells within the biofilm are shielded from host defenses and drugs. (isbscience.org)
  • Here, we asked whether the control of calcium carbonate minerals can structurally support morphogenesis of bacterial colonies. (nature.com)
  • Our findings present a unique form of bacterial self-organization that influences population structure and material distribution in colonies. (nature.com)
  • This type of bacterial self-organization has not yet been observed in the context of naturally developed colonies. (nature.com)
  • Here we sought to examine the behavior of motile cell populations in bacterial colonies and to explore their potential physiological functions. (nature.com)
  • A high temporal coherence in the dynamics of abiotic parameters and biological communities among neighboring lakes evidences a strong extrinsic control operating similarly across lakes, and allows for prediction of ecosystems evolution in the context of global change and intensive land use. (bvsalud.org)
  • Diversity-function relationships in natural, applied and engineered microbial ecosystems. (ed.ac.uk)
  • The effects of environmental factors on water microbial communities have been extensively studied, but little is known about the effects in shrimp cultural enclosure ecosystems. (frontiersin.org)
  • We analyzed 16S rRNA gene amplicons to determine the principal environmental factors that shape the structure and function of microbial communities in shrimp cultural enclosure ecosystems from Guangdong and Hainan provinces, in China. (frontiersin.org)
  • Collectively, these results showed that environmental factors influenced the structure and function of water microbial communities, while salinity was the principal environmental factor instead of temperature, TP, TN, and pH in shrimp cultural enclosure ecosystems. (frontiersin.org)
  • influence microbial community structure in different ecosystems. (frontiersin.org)
  • A growing number of studies have addressed the patterns and functions of microbial communities in the waters of different ecosystems. (frontiersin.org)
  • We studied, for the first time, the effects of mutants defective in biomineralization and calcite formation on biofilm development, resilience and morphology. (nature.com)
  • Our results suggest that it is highly feasible that the formation of mineral scaffolds plays a cardinal and conserved role in bacterial multicellularity. (nature.com)
  • Most manifestations of candidiasis are in fact associated with the formation of Candida biofilms on surfaces, and this phenotype is associated with infection at both the mucosal and systemic sites ( 8 ) . (cdc.gov)
  • Quorum sensing plays an important role in regulating the biofilm formation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • iii) colony formation and biofilm maturation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Formation of biofilms in mycobacteria can be defined as similar as other biofilms communities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Glycopeptidolipids are indispensable for initial surface attachment during biofilm formation in Mycobacterium smegmatis [ 111 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An increase in bacterial mutation rate can promote biofilm formation. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • The biofilm formation takes place in stages and many changes are observed in its size and shape during the development. (ukessays.com)
  • Suboptimal environmental cleaning and reprocessing of instruments is a common problem in healthcare facilities, allowing for biofilm formation and risk for nosocomial transmission. (medscape.com)
  • Biofilm formation and bacterial viability during the survival analysis were assessed. (medscape.com)
  • Alfa and colleagues [ 2 ] looked at the impact of improper positioning of the elevator lever of a duodenoscope on bacterial persistence, biofilm formation, and endoscope contamination. (medscape.com)
  • The inhibition of quorum sensing, called quorum quenching, may disrupt oral biofilm formation, which is the main etiological factor of oral diseases, including periodontitis. (mdpi.com)
  • Biofilm formation occurs as a result of a sequence of events: microbial surface attachment, cell proliferation, matrix production and detachment 8 . (bvsalud.org)
  • 2012. Role of Rhizobium endoglucanase CelC2 in cellulose biosynthesis and biofilm formation on plant roots and abiotic surfaces. (bashanfoundation.org)
  • The colonization of a surface begins with EPS production by the initial bacterial colonizers through the formation of weak, reversible bonds called van der Waals forces and production of transparent exopolymer particles and their precursors by macroalgae that set the basis for the first bacterial colonizers settlement [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • This can contribute to biofilm dispersal, and provides a mechanism for the release of extracellular DNA (eDNA) within biofilms. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Nitric oxide-mediated regulation of biofilm dispersal. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • We discovered that exogenous nitric oxide can act as a signal for the dispersal of bacterial biofilms. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic activity of Streptococcus mutans biofilms after treatment with mouthwashes with different compositions. (bvsalud.org)
  • 14 (2004) studied the effects of mouthwashes containing essential oils, triclosan, cetylpyridinium chloride and chlorhexidine against Streptococcus gordonii biofilms. (bvsalud.org)
  • Chronic inflammation of the nasopharyngeal tonsil (NT) is a common disease in the paediatric population, affecting the somatic and functional development of the child and quality of life. (fortuneonline.org)
  • This tolerance often links biofilms with persistent and chronic infection, and provides ideal conditions for the acquisition or evolution of AMR. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • The microflora of chronic wounds such as ulcers most commonly exist in the biofilm phenotype and have been known to significantly impair normal healing trajectories. (whyamistillsick.com)
  • Biofilms are spatially structured bacterial communities that contribute to chronic bacterial diseases. (isbscience.org)
  • System dynamics has been applied to health care delivery and population health for chronic conditions affecting oral health and to various public health initiatives. (cdc.gov)
  • While this effect is mainly attributed to the direct effect on fungal populations in the gut and possible host cytotoxic effects, less is known about its potential anti-bacterial effect or the impact on the microbiota in other body sites. (abstractarchives.com)
  • Speculations about the ecologic advantages of forming a biofilm include protection from the environment, nutrient availability, metabolic cooperation, and acquisition of new genetic traits ( 3 , 17 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Mouthwashes containing 0.2% chlorhexidine (Parodontax®) or essential oils (Listerine®) induced a significant reduction in the metabolic activity of biofilms during the tested time points (120 and 180 min after treatment), being thus more effective than the mouthwashes containing 0.12% chlorhexidine (Periogard®) or cetylpyridinium plus fluoride (Oral B®). The confocal analysis overall confirmed the results observed in the analysis of metabolic activity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Biofilms are multicellular communities that were so far thought to be held together solely by a self-produced organic extracellular matrix. (nature.com)
  • Biofilms are multicellular microbial communities that encase themselves in an extracellular matrix (ECM) of secreted biopolymers and attach to surfaces and interfaces. (huji.ac.il)
  • BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistance is often spread through bacterial populations via conjugative plasmids. (cdc.gov)
  • CAV1016 showed no significant difference in quantity or persistence based on biofilm age (7 days vs 28 days) or substratum type (SS vs PVC). (cdc.gov)
  • CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that CPKP persistence in P-trap biofilms may be strain specific or may be related to the type of P-trap material or age of the biofilm. (cdc.gov)
  • Because intubation and mechanical ventilation alter first-line patient defenses, they greatly increase the risk for nosocomial bacterial pneumonia. (cdc.gov)
  • The study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and the structure of the population of eight populations of Ethiopian sheep. (stjosephs-hospital.com)
  • The average genetic diversity of Ethiopian sheep populations ranged from 0.352 ± 0.14 for Horro to 0.379 ± 0.14 for Arsi-Bale sheep. (stjosephs-hospital.com)
  • Diversity estimators were utilized and wound community compositions analyzed in relation to metadata such as age, race, gender and comorbidities. (whyamistillsick.com)
  • Evaluation of the bacterial diversity of pressure ulcers using bTEFAP pyrosequencing. (whyamistillsick.com)
  • We are interested in the basic ecological processes which determine the diversity, functionality and variability in natural microbial communities and in model laboratory systems, and in applying this basic knowledge to improving the performance of microbial devices such as anaerobic digestors [Vicky Hu and Martina Dajak with the UK Biochar Research Centre ( Dr. Ondrej Mašek ) and Carbogenics Ltd. ] as well as in the mammalian intestine. (ed.ac.uk)
  • This approach readily determines several orders of magnitude more microbial diversity than culture-based methods, often discovering novel organisms with no known growth conditions, and has dramatically altered our understanding of global microbial diversity [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, the contribution of spatial distribution to the microbial community assembly was investigated via aggregated boosted tree (ABT) analyses, and the results indicated spatial isolation was not a major factor affecting the phylogenetic diversity and phylotypes of water microbial communities. (frontiersin.org)
  • As a postdoctoral researcher in Dianne Newman 's lab at the California Institute of Technology, Dar developed a way to track gene activity across the entire biofilm with submicrometer resolution. (the-scientist.com)
  • At a sufficiently high microbial population density, however, the extracellular concentration of signaling molecules reaches a threshold concentration that activates gene and phenotypes expression ( Hense & Schuster, 2015 ). (peerj.com)
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of microbial biofilms in dairy cooling systems, and to analyze their population compositions using culture-independent technique, 16S rRNA gene sequencing. (huji.ac.il)
  • Biofilm samples were collected on eight dairy farms from 40 sprinklers and the microbial constituents were identified by deep sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. (huji.ac.il)
  • The results from the planktonic and biofilm gene expression results are compared. (ukessays.com)
  • Population level gene expression measurements are insufficient to resolve such states which have been only discovered through single-cell methods. (isbscience.org)
  • The community-wide gene expression profiles obtained through metatranscriptomics allow to establish the activity of various genetic pathways within the microbiome. (isbscience.org)
  • The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fluconazole on streptococcal growth and oral biofilms. (abstractarchives.com)
  • For the oral biofilms, we used an ex vivo model enabling the growth of a highly complex microbial community. (abstractarchives.com)
  • The antimicrobial properties of Melaleuca essential oil alternifolia to oral biofilms have been reported in several studies [9-12]. (bvsalud.org)
  • The control of the dental biofilm allows the maintenance of oral health and prevents the development of diseases such as caries and periodontal disease, which are strongly related to tooth loss [1]. (bvsalud.org)
  • This conference will bring together researchers from the plant and the microbial side and will include the areas of plant pathology, mycology, bacteriology, aerobiology, micro-meteorology, biological control, plant physiology, biochemistry, anatomy, and microbial and plant molecular biology. (bio.net)
  • The possible link between ECM properties, regulation of metal ion distribution, and sporulation across whole, intact biofilms unravels the importance of molecular-level heterogeneity in shaping biofilm physiology and development. (huji.ac.il)
  • They are the most abundant and ubiquitous organisms on Earth, playing important roles in microbial physiology, population dynamics, evolution, and therapeutics ( 1 ). (asm.org)
  • Biofilms are microbial communities which attach to abiotic (e.g. indwelling devices) and biotic surfaces (e.g. wound tissues) and which can be protected by a polymer layer. (futurelearn.com)
  • Biofilms may form on living (biotic) or non-living (abiotic) surfaces and can be prevalent in natural, industrial, and hospital settings. (wikipedia.org)
  • The anionic properties of EPS sugars in the wall of biofilms attract the divalent cations such as Ca+2, Mg+2, and more importantly the toxic metal cations, which have been shown to cross-link with the polymer strands and provide greater binding force and structural strength in a developed biofilm. (blogspot.com)
  • Mapping X-ray diffraction across intact biofilms in time and space, we revealed the dominant structural features in Bacillus subtilis biofilms, stemming from matrix components, spores, and water. (huji.ac.il)
  • A key finding of the study is the multifaceted role of D-Arginine in shaping the biodiversity and structural dynamics of microbial communities. (umu.se)
  • A cohesive structure of a multi‐layer of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) such as polysaccharides and proteins is the base of biofilm structural organization. (intechopen.com)
  • In addition, DNA pyro-sequencing was used to characterize microbial populations in metalworking fluid s in selected samples from three systems in two plants. (cdc.gov)
  • The objective of this study was to characterize the microbial communities of disinfected, non-critical healthcare surfaces using next generation sequencing technology. (cdc.gov)
  • These biofilms of aggregating microbes are everywhere: on rocks, bathtubs, and medical devices. (the-scientist.com)
  • The slimy coating on unbrushed teeth is biofilm, and the beneficial microbes on your skin and gut often grow collectively. (the-scientist.com)
  • When I listened to our professors, some 30 years ago, talking about infectious diseases or microbes, biofilms were never mentioned. (blogspot.com)
  • Much like humans, microbes have complex social and physical communities and are always evolving. (cdc.gov)
  • Biofilms are increasingly recognised as the predominant mode of bacterial growth including within medical, engineered, and environmental contexts. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • This microbial decision-making process called "quorum sensing (QS)" was originally understood as a cell-to-cell communication to identify conspecific population density and accomplish cooperative behaviors ( Fuqua, Winans & Greenberg, 1994 ). (peerj.com)
  • This process is partially controlled by quorum sensing, an interbacterial communication mechanism that is dependent on population density and is associated with radical changes in protein expression patterns 8 . (bvsalud.org)
  • In biofilms, symbionts play major roles in the relationship among organisms by the production of bioactive molecules involved in quorum sensing signaling. (intechopen.com)
  • Furthermore, we predicted water microbial community functional profiling using the PICRUSt program and principal component analyses (PCA) suggested that salinity was a major contributor to the structure and function of the microbial communities. (frontiersin.org)
  • HAP is a common nosocomial bacterial infection and is most prevalent in medical and surgical intensive care units (ICUs). (medscape.com)
  • Just as different boroughs of a city might differ in levels of air pollution or abundance of organic supermarkets, different parts of the biofilm are exposed to wildly different levels of oxygen and nutrients. (the-scientist.com)
  • The concentration levels of the nutrients are also compared for both biofilm and planktonic fermentation. (ukessays.com)
  • Despite the reduction in culturability over time, all strains that recovered from starvation on solid-surface experiments retained their capacity to form biofilms after rehydration, an addition of nutrients, and changing temperature. (medscape.com)
  • In this present work we try to grow planktonic cultures and biofilms cultures on the microcarriers in a fermentor separately. (ukessays.com)
  • After the treatment, the biofilms were incubated with complete medium containing sucrose during 60, 120 or 180 min, and then samples were collected for pH measurements. (bvsalud.org)
  • All of these samples were collected in quadruplicate, from prior to population of the system with zebrafish through 18 weeks post-population, and analyzed using both 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and culture using multiple agars and annotation of isolates via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Following biofilm development CBRs were inoculated with either K. pneumoniae ST45 (ie, strain CAV1016) or K. pneumoniae ST258 KPC+ (ie, strain 258), and samples were collected over 21 days. (cdc.gov)
  • These empirical relationships, which predict the distribution of dissolved solutes along pore channels, allow to quantitatively estimate the effective communication distances amongst multiple microbial aggregates without further numerical simulations. (peerj.com)
  • The sensitivity and spatial recovery of river sediment biofilms over 1 km after the entry of two wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) located in two rivers reach a different incidence of anthropogenic influence were studied. (stjosephs-hospital.com)
  • Resistance to antimicrobials is also a topic of major concern in human populations, but at the same time may be crucial to the continued functioning of wastewater treatment plants, the microbial processes of which are exposed to these compounds on a daily basis. (ed.ac.uk)
  • In addition, biofilms were grown in microscope coverslips treated as described above, followed by staining with Propidium Iodide and Fluoresceine for visualization with a confocal laser scanning microscopy. (bvsalud.org)
  • The confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis demonstrated that all mouthwashes, except for cetylpyridinium chloride, were able to cause membrane damage after 60 s of incubation with S. gordonii biofilms. (bvsalud.org)
  • 2014. Accuracy of biovolume formulas for CMEIAS computer-assisted microscopy and body size analysis of morphologically diverse microbial populations and communities. (bashanfoundation.org)
  • 2013. In situ ecophysiology of microbial biofilm communities analysed by CMEIAS computer-assisted microscopy at single-cell resolution. (bashanfoundation.org)
  • Although fluconazole is used as an antifungal agent, our results suggest that it may have an antibacterial effect against oral streptococci and impact the development of oral microbial biofilms. (abstractarchives.com)
  • Cell lysis as a feature of biofilm development. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • The development of the biofilm starts with the attachment of the freely moving planktonic cell to a surface. (ukessays.com)
  • 1996). During the biofilm development several factors plays a key role mainly the exopolymeric matrix. (ukessays.com)
  • In addition, both rhizospheric and endophytic communities represent an unexplored reserve of unique chemical structures for drug development. (intechopen.com)
  • A community of practice (CoP) was established by the Centre for Social Development in Africa to promote collaboration between the sectors and to assist communities in their environments. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our study identified a novel mechanism maintaining Bacillus subtilis and Mycobacterium smegmatis biofilms-active production of calcite minerals. (nature.com)
  • Biofilms are sessile microbial communities growing on surfaces, frequently embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (also known as slime). (medscape.com)
  • We investigated QS amongst distinct, spatially distributed microbial aggregates under various flow conditions using a process-driven numerical model. (peerj.com)
  • This idea is known to be true in biofilms where cooperative strategies are able to evolve if cooperators are spatially aggregated ( Xavier & Foster, 2007 ). (peerj.com)
  • An intriguing question for many scientists is what makes bacterial cooperation persist when cheaters exist in several natural and disease settings. (the-scientist.com)
  • Upon dental plaque maturation, in which the microbial community grows and diversifies, the plaque is covered in an interbacterial matrix. (wikipedia.org)
  • This work demonstrates the presence of biofilm in dairy cooling systems which may potentially serve as a live source for microbial pathogens. (huji.ac.il)
  • These microbial communities are home to helpful germs and pathogens (harmful germs). (cdc.gov)
  • However, their specific role in bacterial behaviour remains underexplored. (umu.se)
  • Structure of the population and main components analyzes of eight Ethiopian native sheep revealed four distinct genetic cluster groups according to their tail phenotype and geographical distribution. (stjosephs-hospital.com)
  • however, the molecular structures and elemental distribution across whole biofilms, as well as possible linkages between them, remain unexplored. (huji.ac.il)
  • In the GEM lab, I am developing a multidisciplinary project integrating molecular microbiology, population biology, macro- and micro- evolution using Klebsiella pneumoniae as a model. (pasteur.fr)
  • A June 2015 review Bacterial Ventures into Multicellularity: Collectivism through Individuality by Simon van Vliet and Martin Ackermann in this journal extols the significance of these research findings. (naturalgenesis.net)
  • Bravo and colleagues [ 1 ] investigated the ability of Acinetobacter pittii strains to form biofilms after long-term desiccation if they were fed with nutrient media. (medscape.com)
  • We also characterise the microbiota of the unmanaged and well-studied population of Soay sheep on St. Kilda, in collaboration with Prof. Dan Nussey , Dr. Luke McNally and the St. Kilda Soay Sheep Project . (ed.ac.uk)
  • We develop and apply single-cell genomic tools for unbiased, high-throughput expression profiling of bacterial consortia such as the animal-associated microbiota and single- and polymicrobial biofilms. (isbscience.org)
  • The calcite-dependent patterns provide resistance to environmental insults and increase the overall fitness of the microbial community. (nature.com)
  • Factors of note that have been found to affect the microbial colonization of the oral cavity include the pH, oxygen concentration and its availability at specific oral surfaces, mechanical forces acting upon oral surfaces, salivary and fluid flow through the oral cavity, and age. (wikipedia.org)
  • Biofilms can be found in a variety of habitats, on free‐living, on the surface of other organisms or inert surfaces, both in aquatic as well as terrestrial environments. (intechopen.com)
  • The novel classes of antifungal agents, the lipid formulation of amphotericins, and the echinocandins have demonstrated unique antifungal activity against the resistant Candida biofilms, providing a breakthrough in the treatment of life-threatening invasive systemic mycoses. (cdc.gov)
  • Further work has shown the importance of this phage in the P. aeruginosa biofilm lifecycle and virulence. (southampton.ac.uk)