• [ 2 ] In 1978, Narisawa et al proposed that a transport defect of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) into the microsomal compartment may be present in some patients with GSD type I. (medscape.com)
  • The proteins produced from the G6PC and SLC37A4 genes work together to break down a type of sugar molecule called glucose 6-phosphate. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations in the G6PC and SLC37A4 genes prevent the effective breakdown of glucose 6-phosphate. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Glucose 6-phosphate that is not broken down to glucose is converted to glycogen and fat so it can be stored within cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • One bacterial cluster is distant from the eukaryotic proteins while the other cluster is close to the plant proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • More than half of all eukaryotic proteins are glycoproteins, and 90 % of those are N- glycosylated [ 33 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The eukaryotic proteins are more complicated than the bacterial enzyme complexes. (tcdb.org)
  • In addition, the evolutionary rates of different core protein coding genes (PCGs) in Phallomycetidae mitogenomes varied. (bvsalud.org)
  • Analyzing bacteria in late exponential phase, we capture ~40% ( E. faecalis ) and 43% ( E. faecium ) of the annotated protein-coding genes, determine 5′ and 3′ UTR (untranslated region) length, and detect instances of leaderless mRNAs. (frontiersin.org)
  • Those authors did not include rRNA or tRNA genes, and they recognized that the basic substrate transport machinery could not be clearly defined, even though this minimal cell would rely greatly on the import of several substrates, including all 20 amino acids (for which it had no biosynthetic ability). (creation.com)
  • In 2006, "follow-up research led by Hamilton Smith at the J. Craig Venter Institute in Rockville reveals that the minimum genome consists of 387 protein-coding and 43 RNA-coding genes. (creation.com)
  • The results showed that ethanol exposure induced genes involved in common stress responses, transporting and cell envelope modification. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Also, comparative genomics have shown that many eukaryotic operational (metabolic) genes are closely related to bacterial homologues, while informational genes are more similar to archaeal ones [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nearly 3.2% of the bacterial genes code for PTS group translocation proteins. (biologyonline.com)
  • Next, VirA transfers the phosphate to the DNA-binding protein, VirG, which activates transcription of the vir genes of the Ti plasmid. (istudy.pk)
  • The inorganic phosphate transporter (PiT) family is a group of carrier proteins derived from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
  • For numerous gammaretroviruses, such as the gibbon ape leukemia virus, woolly monkey virus, feline leukemia virus subgroup B, feline leukemia virus subgroup T, and 10A1 murine leukemia virus, this receptor is the human type III sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate transporter, SLC20A1, also known as PiT1. (wikipedia.org)
  • SLC20A1 Phosphate permease Transporter Classification Database Farrell, Karen B. (wikipedia.org)
  • Portal: Biology As of this edit, this article uses content from "2.A.20 The Inorganic Phosphate Transporter (PiT) Family", which is licensed in a way that permits reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, but not under the GFDL. (wikipedia.org)
  • An ATP-binding cassette (ABC) type transporter, characterized by the presence of two similar ATP-binding domains/proteins and two integral membrane domains/proteins. (enzyme-database.org)
  • In contrast, gram-positive bacterial autoinducers are made of peptide and must be actively transported through their peptidoglycan cell wall using the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter system . (asm.org)
  • The PNaS family includes several functionally characterized, sodium-dependent, inorganic phosphate (P i ) transporter (NPT2 or NptA) proteins from mammals. (tcdb.org)
  • In response to parathyroid hormone and dietary inorganic phosphate, the renal cotransporter is rapidly inserted into and retrieved from the renal brush border membrane in a fashion similar to that by which the glucose transporter (Glut4) (TC# 2.A.1.1) is regulated by insulin, and aquaporins 1 and 2 (TC# 1.A.8.1) are regulated by vasopressin (Levi et al. (tcdb.org)
  • Simultaneously, the method also records changes in the molecules the protein interacts with - in this case ATP. (nanowerk.com)
  • Bacterial communication relies on versatile chemical signaling molecules called autoinducers, which regulate bacterial gene expression in a process known as quorum sensing. (asm.org)
  • Tunnels and channels facilitate the transport of small molecules, ions and water solvent in a large variety of proteins. (plos.org)
  • Besides many tiny cavities, this empty internal spa`ce may form cavities of specific functions, as well as tunnels and channels (or pores), representing potential transport pathways for small molecules, ions and water molecules [1] . (plos.org)
  • Yeah, that's how any molecule undergoing group translocation feels… So, when asked what group translocation is , we can tell that it's a biological mechanism of transporting and transforming the molecules "at the same time" . (biologyonline.com)
  • Group translocation is a biological mechanism of transporting and transforming the molecules at the same time. (biologyonline.com)
  • Not only does the sugar molecules are transported from the extracellular space to the bacterial cell but also get modified. (biologyonline.com)
  • Glycoproteins are proteins that have a carbohydrate chain linked to them, and they assist cells in communicating with other cells and transporting molecules across the cell membrane. (databasefootball.com)
  • Transport proteins, as the name implies, are responsible for transporting molecules through the cell membranes and into the body of the cell through the process of facilitated diffusion. (databasefootball.com)
  • A more detailed analyses on bacterial-fungal co-cultivation in narrow interaction channels of microfluidic devices revealed that the strongest inhibitory potential was found for Pseudomonas protegens CHA0, with its inhibitory potential depending on the presence of the GacS/GacA system controlling several bacterial metabolites. (frontiersin.org)
  • It is freely permeable only to GAS O2, CO2, and H2O and contains, in addition to respiratory chain proteins, numerous transport proteins that control the passage of metabolites such as ATP, ADP, pyruvate, Ca2+, and phosphate. (flashcardmachine.com)
  • Contain transport Proteins for transportation of metabolites! (flashcardmachine.com)
  • Recent analyses revealed that bacterial flora and dietary microbial metabolites, such as SCFA, contributed to homeostasis as well as various diseases in humans [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Synergistic transcriptional activation by one regulatory protein in response to two metabolites. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • and energetic and intermediary metabolism (glycolysis, proton motive force generation, pentose phosphate pathway, lipid metabolism, and biosynthesis of nucleotides and cofactors). (creation.com)
  • Ethanol can interfere with cell membrane's ability to act as a barrier, and interrupt key cellular processes such as protein biosynthesis, energy transduction and transport[ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Both PitA (TC# 2.A.20.1.1) and PitB (TC# 2.A.20.1.2) of E. coli probably catalyze metal ion·phosphate:H+ symport, where Mg2+, Ca2+ or Zn2+ (and probably other divalent cations) can complex with Pi. (wikipedia.org)
  • The enzyme from the bacterium Escherichia coli K-12 interacts with an extracytoplasmic substrate binding protein and imports a broad range of aliphatic sulfonates for use as a source of sulfur. (enzyme-database.org)
  • protein_coding" "AAC73139","fkpB","Escherichia coli","FKBP-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (rotamase) [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC73161","apaG","Escherichia coli","protein associated with Co2+ and Mg2+ efflux [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC73194","ftsL","Escherichia coli","membrane bound cell division leucine zipper septum protein [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC73196","murE","Escherichia coli","UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate:meso-diaminopimelate ligase [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC73197","murF","Escherichia coli","UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide:D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC73288","bamA","Escherichia coli","BamABCDE complex OM biogenesis outer membrane pore-forming assembly factor [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC73290","lpxD","Escherichia coli","UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-glucosamine N-acyltransferase [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC73627","ppiB","Escherichia coli","peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B (rotamase B) [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC74185","ptsG","Escherichia coli","fused glucose-specific PTS enzymes: IIB component/IIC component [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC74323","adhE","Escherichia coli","fused acetaldehyde-CoA dehydrogenase/iron-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase/pyruvate-formate lyase deactivase [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC74850","yeaD","Escherichia coli","D-hexose-6-phosphate epimerase-like protein [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC74888","manY","Escherichia coli","mannose-specific enzyme IIC component of PTS [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Both clusters include proteins from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Saier, M.H., Jr. Molecular phylogeny as a basis for the classification of transport proteins from bacteria, archaea and eukarya. (enzyme-database.org)
  • As central microbiota functions are determined by bacterial community networks, it is important to gain insight into the principles that govern bacteria-bacteria interactions. (nature.com)
  • The origin of the eukaryotic N- glycosylation pathway is not unique and less straightforward than previously thought: some basic components likely have proteoarchaeal origins, but the pathway was extensively developed before the eukaryotic diversification through multiple gene duplications, protein co-options, neofunctionalizations and even possible horizontal gene transfers from bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is utilized by bacteria to transport a compound into their cell by first allowing the compound to bind with protein on the cell surface followed by altering its chemical structure during its passage across the membrane . (biologyonline.com)
  • Although not all bacterial species have PTS but those that have it, have different types of PTS (different types of enzyme constitutions, make-ups, enzyme conjugations, etc.) depending upon the location of the bacteria . (biologyonline.com)
  • The stroma also contains the ___,____, and ribosomes involved in the synthesis of several chloroplast proteins. (flashcardmachine.com)
  • It shares mechanistic similarities based on the use of polyisoprenol lipid carriers with other glycosylation pathways involved in the synthesis of bacterial cell wall components (e.g. peptidoglycan and teichoic acids). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In eukaryotes, the synthesis of the oligosaccharide core is mediated by a lipid carrier called dolichol-phosphate (Dol-P) which is located in the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER, Fig. 1a ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • H + transport and ATP synthesis may therefore be coupled mechanically. (tcdb.org)
  • Functionally-characterized members of the family appear to catalyze inorganic phosphate (Pi) or inorganic sulfate uptake either by H+ or Na+ symport. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2006) showed that the parasite exploits the Na+ electrochemical gradient to energize the uptake of inorganic phosphate (Pi) with a stoichiometry of 2Na+:1Pi and with an apparent preference for the monovalent over the divalent form of Pi (see TC #2.A.20.2.5). (wikipedia.org)
  • Mammalian porters of the PNaS family may catalyze cotransport of 3 Na + with 1 inorganic phosphate. (tcdb.org)
  • By expressing a bacterial pyruvate decarboxylase ( pdc ) and alcohol dehydrogenase ( adh ) from the bacterium Z. mobilis in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using time-resolved infrared spectroscopy, they measured the structural changes in the bacterial membrane protein MsbA and its interaction partner ATP. (nanowerk.com)
  • ABC transporters are membrane proteins that transport various substances from one side of the cell membrane to the other. (nanowerk.com)
  • This lays the foundation for the study of the whole membrane protein, which we are going to tackle next", says Professor Hofmann. (nanowerk.com)
  • The investigations were supported by the Protein Research Department at the RUB and funds of the collaborative research centre SFB 642 "GTP and ATP dependent membrane processes", whose speaker is Prof. Dr. Klaus Gerwert. (nanowerk.com)
  • proteins mediating electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation are bound in the inner mitochondrial membrane, so the respiration rate varies with membrane surface area. (flashcardmachine.com)
  • The glycerol facilitator is one of the few known examples of bacterial solute transport proteins that catalyse facilitated diffusion across the cytoplasmic membrane. (nau.edu)
  • Group translocation is a biological process where a molecule crossing the cell membrane not only gets transported but also gets transformed in itself. (biologyonline.com)
  • Due to their unique properties, expression and study of membrane proteins in heterologous systems remains difficult. (springer.com)
  • Among the bacterial systems available, the Gram-positive lactic bacterium, Lactococcus lactis , traditionally used in food fermentations, is nowadays widely used for large-scale production and functional characterization of bacterial and eukaryotic membrane proteins. (springer.com)
  • The aim of this chapter is to describe the different possibilities for the functional characterization of peripheral or intrinsic membrane proteins expressed in Lactococcus lactis . (springer.com)
  • In: Mus-Veteau I (ed) Membrane proteins production for structural analysis. (springer.com)
  • Kunji ERS, Slotboom DJ, Poolman B (2003) Lactococcus lactis as host for overproduction of functional membrane proteins. (springer.com)
  • Monné M, Chan KW, Slotboom DJ, Kunji ERS (2005) Functional expression of eukaryotic membrane proteins in Lactococcus lactis. (springer.com)
  • The 30-kDa membrane-bound c-type cytochrome protein of mitochondria that functions as an electron donor to CYTOCHROME C GROUP in the mitochondrial and bacterial RESPIRATORY CHAIN. (lookformedical.com)
  • Exocytosis has vesicles that contain lipids and proteins combine with the cell membrane, which has the effect of increasing the overall size of the cell. (databasefootball.com)
  • Endocytosis serves the opposite function, removing proteins and lipids from the cell membrane and bringing them into the interior of the cell, decreasing the size of the cell membrane and the cell itself. (databasefootball.com)
  • There are different kinds of proteins associated with the cell membrane. (databasefootball.com)
  • Integral membrane proteins are those which are part of the membrane itself and are capable of passing through the membrane. (databasefootball.com)
  • The peripheral membrane proteins are only linked to the membrane through interactions with different proteins, they are exterior and not part of the membrane itself. (databasefootball.com)
  • Vacuoles and lysosomes use a membrane to encase a variety of different substances for transport or, in the case of the lysosome, elimination. (databasefootball.com)
  • The matrix also contains the mitochondrial genetic machinery-DNA, RNA, and ribosomes-that generates several (but by no means all) mitochondrial proteins. (flashcardmachine.com)
  • Electron cryoEM structures of mitochondrial, chloroplast, and bacterial ATP synthases have revealed the architecture of the FO region, helping to explain the mechanisms of proton translocation, dimerization of the enzyme in mitochondria, and cristae formation. (tcdb.org)
  • A second protein, glycerol kinase, is involved in entry of external glycerol into cellular metabolism by trapping glycerol in the cytoplasm as sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. (nau.edu)
  • Proteins that bind to and are involved in the metabolism of phosphate ions. (uams.edu)
  • In order for a substance to be absorbed and used in the body's metabolism, it must be transported in an isotonic state. (opc3.com)
  • 1973. The metabolism and degradation of vinyl phosphate insecticides. (cdc.gov)
  • Two ORFs, orfX and orfY, encoding a putative regulatory protein and a carbohydrate kinase of unknown function, were located upstream of the glpFK operon. (nau.edu)
  • The bacterial homologue, NptA of V. cholerae has 10 putative TMSs. (tcdb.org)
  • The well-characterized mammalian proteins are found in renal (IIa isoform) and intestinal (IIb isoform) brush border membranes and are about 640 amino acyl residues long with 8-12 putative TMSs. (tcdb.org)
  • Yet PG0106 (a putative UDP-phosphate alpha-strains (19). (oscars2019info.com)
  • Although the architecture of the nanomachines is known, a detailed understanding of how the splitting of the energy carrier ATP dynamically enables the transport of various substances across biological membranes has so far been lacking. (nanowerk.com)
  • The N- glycosylation is an essential protein modification taking place in the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaryotes and the plasma membranes in archaea. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Eukaryotic genomes are known to have garnered innovations from both archaeal and bacterial domains but the sequence of events that led to the complex gene repertoire of eukaryotes is largely unresolved. (darkenergybiosphere.org)
  • 2016). Characterizing and evaluating the expression of the type IIb sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter (slc34a2) gene and its potential influence on phosphorus utilization efficiency in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). (tcdb.org)
  • In this work, we show that PcaQ also regulates the expression of the S. meliloti smb20568-smb20787-smb20786-smb20785-smb20784 gene cluster, which is predicted to encode an ABC transport system. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • To investigate this transport system further, we generated a pcaM deletion mutant (predicted to encode the substrate-binding protein) and introduced a polar insertion mutation into pcaN , a gene that is predicted to encode a permease. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • This gene produces CagY, a structural protein of the bacteria's Type IV Secretion System, which is involved in causing disease. (uw.edu)
  • Kertesz, M.A. Bacterial transporters for sulfate and organosulfur compounds. (enzyme-database.org)
  • Nanowerk News ) How a transport protein obtains its driving force from the energy storage molecule ATP, has been tracked dynamically by RUB researchers. (nanowerk.com)
  • The biophysicists marked the phosphate groups of the ATP molecule, so that they left characteristic signals in the spectrum. (nanowerk.com)
  • Instead of an ATP molecule being a regular phosphate group donor, here, an energy-rich "organic compound" is the phosphate group donor. (biologyonline.com)
  • In host cells, the protein CagA is phosphorylated (a process by which a phosphate group is added to a molecule). (uw.edu)
  • A bacterial enzyme that imports putrescine and spermidine. (enzyme-database.org)
  • A bacterial enzyme that interacts with an extracytoplasmic substrate binding protein and mediates the high-affinity uptake of L-arabinose. (expasy.org)
  • The lipid and phosphate construction means that the heads of the phospholipids are attracted to water, while the tales repel water. (databasefootball.com)
  • The mammalian proteins (i.e. (wikipedia.org)
  • The molecular sizes of Pit family members are reported to vary from 354 to 681 residues (10-12 TMSs) with the mammalian and Plasmodium proteins exhibiting the largest sizes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus the fungal, plant, animal and archaeal proteins each cluster separately. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, a phylogenomic analysis was carried out to examine the validity of rival hypotheses suggesting alternative archaeal or bacterial origins to the eukaryotic N- glycosylation pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • one includes eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteins, and the other, only bacterial homologues. (tcdb.org)
  • Pyridoxal phosphate biosynthetic protein PdxA [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Structural proteins enable our cells to maintain a constant shape and gives the cell support, much as the skeleton of an animal's body does. (databasefootball.com)
  • Receptor proteins are those which enable the cell to communicate with things in the environment, achieving this to the use of neurotransmitters and hormones. (databasefootball.com)
  • Hexapeptide repeat of succinyl-transferase, Bacterial transferase hexapeptide (six repeats), UDP-3-O-[3-hydroxymyristoyl] glucosamine N-acyltransferase [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Hepatic steatosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and hepatocyte ballooning in the liver and increased hepatic mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase were observed in the MSG-treated mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2017). Characterization of the isoforms of type IIb sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter (Slc34a2) in yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, and their vitamin D3-regulated expression under low-phosphate conditions. (tcdb.org)
  • This rodlike structure forms a connection with the plant cell and opens a channel through which the T-DNA is actively transported into the plant cytoplasm. (istudy.pk)
  • benK encodes a hydrophobic permease-like protein involved in benzoate degradation by Acinetobacter sp. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Results from electrophoretic mobility shift assays with purified PcaQ and from expression assays indicated that PcaQ activates expression of the transport system in the presence of protocatechuate. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The glycerol facilitator and glycerol kinase were identified in a T7 expression system as proteins with apparent molecular masses of 25 and 56 kDa, respectively. (nau.edu)
  • The sulfate permease, CysP (TC# 2.A.20.4.1), is distantly related to the phosphate permeases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Electron Transport System takes place where? (flashcardmachine.com)
  • https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.186.19.6595-6604.2004 Motility responses triggered by changes in the electron transport system are collectively known as energy taxis. (llu.edu)
  • A bacterial protein from Pseudomonas, Bordetella, or Alcaligenes which operates as an electron transfer unit associated with the cytochrome chain. (lookformedical.com)
  • GSD type Ic is deficiency of translocase T2 that carries inorganic phosphates from microsomes into the cytosol and pyrophosphates from the cytosol into microsomes. (medscape.com)
  • Protein-energy undernutrition (PEU), previously called protein-energy malnutrition, is an energy deficit due to deficiency of all macronutrients, but primarily protein. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Marasmus (also called the dry form of PEU) is a severe deficiency of calories and protein that tends to develop in infants and very young children. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Some bacterial species can interpret many different signals , while others respond to a select few. (asm.org)
  • During in vivo experiments on rabbits, the levels of immunization provided by the recombinant protein or native alpha and epsilon toxins were compared based on serological studies. (ac.ir)
  • Here, we focused on the growth and metabolic interactions of the Oligo-Mouse-Microbiota (OMM 12 ) synthetic bacterial community, which is increasingly used as a model system in gut microbiome research. (nature.com)
  • 5 This is about 1/8 the size (therefore information content) of a typical protein, yet the hypothetical simple cell above needs at least 256 proteins. (creation.com)
  • Consequently, it is implausible that a completely "denatured" cell could be reversibly renatured spontaneously, like a protein. (creation.com)
  • Cell division protein FtsL [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • That threshold makes it energetically unfavorable for intracellular autoinducers tocontinue to leave the cell (whether through diffusion or transport), resulting in an increase in their intracellular concentration. (asm.org)
  • Bacterial F-type ATPases pump 3-4 H + and/or Na + (depending on the system) out of the cell per ATP hydrolyzed. (tcdb.org)
  • The Ti plasmid is cut by endonucleases to release single-stranded T-DNA, which is covered with protective proteins, and transported into the plant cell through a conjugation-like mechanism. (istudy.pk)
  • For stem cells to be used in tissue engineering a scaffold is essential to provide the necessary support for the transport of nutrients, oxygen and the elimination of metabolic waste 30 , promoting a conducive environment for cell growth and differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Evidence is presented that glycerol transport in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is mediated by a similar transport system. (nau.edu)
  • 2015). Identification of the First Sodium Binding Site of the Phosphate Cotransporter NaPi-IIa (SLC34A1). (tcdb.org)
  • These observations popularized the opinion according to which the eukaryotes are a chimeric lineage that resulted from the endosymbiosis of the bacterial ancestor of mitochondria within a bona fide archaeon [ 13 , 14 ] or a previous bacterium/archaeon consortium [ 15 - 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When the intracellular concentration of autoinducers is low, autoinducer receptors act as kinases , transferring phosphate to LuxO (LuxO~P). LuxO~P promotes the expression of proteins used for building biofilms. (asm.org)
  • These genomes reveal diverse mobile elements, including an integrative viral genome that bidirectionally replicates in a circular form and aloposons, transposons that encode the 5,000 amino acid-sized proteins Otus and Ephialtes. (darkenergybiosphere.org)
  • The non-protein amino acid γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been proposed to be an ancient messenger for cellular communication conserved across biological kingdoms. (nature.com)
  • Genome analyses revealed PcaQ-like DNA-binding sites encoded upstream of ABC transport systems in other members of the α-proteobacteria, and thus it appears likely that these systems are involved in the uptake of protocatechuate. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • OstA-like protein, LPS transport system D [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Protein of unknown function (DUF520) [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Enoyl-(Acyl carrier protein) reductase [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • All of these proteins exhibit an internal repeat that probably arose by a tandem intragenic duplication event. (tcdb.org)
  • V. cholerae builds biofilms to help transport nutrients between colonies while simultaneously protecting them. (asm.org)