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Pertussis ToxinBordetella pertussisVirulence Factors, BordetellaPertussis VaccineWhooping CoughAdenylate Cyclase ToxinCholera ToxinGTP-Binding ProteinsAdenosine Diphosphate RiboseGTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-GoT-2 ToxinBordetellaDiphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis VaccinesTetanus ToxinVaccines, AcellularAdenylate CyclaseGuanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis VaccineHemagglutininsBotulinum Toxins, Type ACyclic AMPMarine ToxinsBordetella InfectionsToxoidsCalciumType C PhospholipasesShiga ToxinsAntibodies, BacterialThionucleotidesGuanosine TriphosphateShiga Toxin 2Bordetella parapertussisCells, CulturedAntitoxinsSignal TransductionShiga Toxin 1LysophospholipidsColforsinMolecular Sequence DataBordetella bronchisepticaInositol PhosphatesCell LineGTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunit, Gi2N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-PhenylalanineCricetinaeGuanylyl ImidodiphosphateKineticsPhosphatidylinositolsEnzyme ActivationAmino Acid SequenceEnterotoxinsDose-Response Relationship, DrugHeterotrimeric GTP-Binding ProteinsBacterial ProteinsReceptors, Formyl PeptideCHO CellsCell MembraneEstrenesGuanine NucleotidesReceptors, G-Protein-CoupledVaccinationWasp VenomsBacterial ToxinsNucleoside Diphosphate SugarsReceptors, MuscarinicAntigens, BacterialADP Ribose TransferasesPyrrolidinonesHemolysin ProteinsProtein Kinase CSphingosineNAD+ NucleosidaseReceptors, Cell SurfaceVaccines, CombinedSodium FluorideNeutrophilsGTP PhosphohydrolasesAluminum CompoundsIsoproterenolSomatostatinDiphtheria ToxoidGuanosine DiphosphatePhenylisopropyladenosineAdhesins, BacterialCytotoxinsTime FactorsGTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, GsBase SequenceCarbacholReceptor, Muscarinic M2Recombinant ProteinsDiphtheria-Tetanus VaccineReceptors, PurinergicMacromolecular SubstancesNADScorpion VenomsMice, Inbred BALB CClostridium difficileAdrenergic alpha-AgonistsImmunization
Adenylate cyclaVaccinesBordetella PertussisPathogensCholeraPertactinProteinsBacteriumImmunityBacteriaStrainsAntibodiesIslet-activatInfectionAntigensToxoidShiga-toxinInfantsSimilar to pertussisIncidenceWhole-cell pertussisDiseasesAnti-pertussisCases of pertussisDoses of diphtheriaDiphtheria and pertussisDTaPProtein toxinsImmunizationBronchisepticaWhooping1940sPopulationsAbstractPreventionSubunitImmuneOutbreaksEukaryotic cellAssaysCulture supernatantsKnown bacterialHumansResurgenceAcute
Adenylate cycla10
Vaccines19
  • The reemergence of pertussis has been attributed to various factors, including increased awareness, improved diagnostics, decreased vaccination coverage, suboptimal vaccines, waning vaccine-induced immunity, and pathogen adaptation. (cdc.gov)
  • Because adaptation may involve the structure of virulence factors (by antigenic variation) and their regulation, we extended our studies on the evolution of B. pertussis by investigating polymorphism in the promoter of Ptx ( ptxP ), a major virulence factor and component of all pertussis vaccines ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Both Tdap vaccines are licensed for single-dose use to add protection against pertussis and to replace the next dose of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids vaccine (Td). (cdc.gov)
  • Available data also do not indicate whether Tdap-induced transplacental maternal antibodies provide early protection against pertussis to infants or interfere with an infant's immune responses to routinely administered pediatric vaccines. (cdc.gov)
  • This report 1) describes the clinical features of pertussis, tetanus, and diphtheria among pregnant and postpartum women and their infants, 2) reviews available evidence of pertussis vaccination during pregnancy as a strategy to prevent infant pertussis, 3) summarizes Tdap vaccination policy in the United States, and 4) presents recommendations for use of Td and Tdap vaccines among pregnant and postpartum women. (cdc.gov)
  • Epidemiological and experimental evidence has shown that the vaccines fail to prevent B. pertussis infection and transmission, although they are very effective in preventing disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, studies in mouse models have revealed that B. pertussis infection, but not immunization with current acellular pertussis vaccines induces resident memory T cells, which may also contribute to protection against colonization by B. pertussis . (frontiersin.org)
  • It is estimated that whooping cough causes globally around 200,000 deaths per year and more than 24 million new pertussis cases in children younger than 5 years were reported in 2014 ( 5 ), in spite of the wide usage of efficacious pertussis vaccines ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Although the pertussis incidence has dramatically decreased since the first introduction of these vaccines ( 7 ), whooping cough remains a major global public health problem, mostly in resource-poor countries. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, surprisingly, its prevalence is also strongly increasing in westernized countries ( 8 ), especially since the switch from the first-generation, whole-cell vaccines to the new-generation, acellular pertussis vaccines. (frontiersin.org)
  • The current Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP) statement on diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis issued August 8, 1991, gives general recommendations on pertussis prevention, including the use of whole-cell pertussis vaccines for primary and booster vaccination (1). (cdc.gov)
  • One contributor to the fear of vaccines is the notion that they contain toxins. (theconversation.com)
  • Current pertussis vaccines protect against disease, but not against colonization by and transmission of Bordetella pertussis , whereas natural infection protects against both. (mdpi.com)
  • where d is the more common chronic conditionmulti- there are no other medications that operate to increase a depressive disorder drugs [9] medical conditions and neuropathic pain tricyclic antidepressants and efavirenz pharmacokinetics before and after completion of this bottle are: For closing the vessel must in almost all of which is a gram-positive bacterium that ria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccines target pertussis product population toxin fha pert. (themauimiracle.org)
  • Overview of Immunization Immunity can be achieved Actively by using antigens (eg, vaccines, toxoids) Passively by using antibodies (eg, immune globulins, antitoxins) A toxoid is a bacterial toxin that has been modified. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Acellular (a) pertussis (P) vaccines contain semipurified or purified components of Bordetella pertussis . (msdmanuals.com)
  • First time in Japan in 1981 a DPT vaccines containing acellular pertussis components were developed. (drbhole.com)
  • The version for teens and adults has a different name because it has lower doses of the diphtheria and pertussis vaccines. (healthychildren.org)
  • Vaccines are also available for some bacterial infections, such as tetanus and pertussis. (tutorialspoint.com)
Bordetella Pertussis25
Pathogens8
  • Recently, data have begun to emerge suggesting differences in the molecular basis by which individual CDTs interact with and enter host cells, suggesting the possibility that CDTs possess properties reflecting the specific niches idiosyncratic to those CDT bacterial pathogens that produce them. (illinois.edu)
  • The Reference Bacteriology Laboratory offers identification of selected bacterial pathogens from human sources which are of public health importance. (in.gov)
  • Clinical presentation and general laboratory findings overlap those of many other bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens. (medscape.com)
  • What is special about this toxin," noted UW Medicine microbiologist Brook Peterson, "is that it acts by the same biochemical mechanism as some infamous toxins employed by human pathogens, which evolved much later than the toxins bacteria use against each other. (uw.edu)
  • Research such as this can offer clues to the evolutionary origins of the potent toxins that bacterial pathogens use to cause disease," Peterson observed. (uw.edu)
  • Its lack of genetic diversity, relative to many bacterial pathogens, could limit its ability to adapt to a hostile and changing host environment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The apparent scarcity of variation in the B. pertussis genome is unusual among bacterial pathogens, in which extensive genomic plasticity is thought to contribute to host immune evasion [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hepatitis A and E viruses persist in the environment and are able to resist food-production processes routinely used to inactivate and/or control bacterial pathogens. (who.int)
Cholera7
  • This process is responsible for the toxicity of some bacterial toxins (e.g., cholera and pertussis toxins). (embl.de)
  • ADP-ribosyltransferases including toxins secreted by Vibrio cholera, Pseudomonas aerurginosa, and other pathogenic bacteria inactivate the function of human target proteins by attaching ADP-ribose onto a critical amino acid residue. (indexindex.com)
  • Toxin Tre1 attacks competing bacteria by a mechanism similar to the way pertussis, cholera and diphtheria toxins target people. (uw.edu)
  • These include the diphtheria, pertussis and cholera toxins. (uw.edu)
  • These toxins use similar biochemical mechanisms to impair vital proteins inside host cells For example, the profuse diarrhea that occurs in cholera is a direct result of how its toxin forces cells in the gut to expel too much water and salt by interfering with internal signals. (uw.edu)
  • Cholera toxin (CTX, produced by Vibrio cholerae ) is responsible for the infectious gastro-enteritis known as cholera. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Reemergence may occur because of the development of antimicrobial resistance in existing infections (e.g., gonorrhea, malaria, pneumococcal disease) or breakdowns in public health measures for previously controlled infections (e.g., cholera, tuberculosis [TB], pertussis). (cdc.gov)
Pertactin4
  • We and others have shown that antigenic divergence has occurred between vaccine strains and clinical isolates with respect to surface proteins, which confer protective immunity: pertussis toxin (Ptx), pertactin (Prn), and fimbriae ( 8 , 9 ). (cdc.gov)
  • BOOSTRIX (combined diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis (adsorbed) vaccine) contains diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, three purified pertussis antigens [pertussis toxoid (PT), filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA), and pertactin (69 kDalton outer membrane protein)] adsorbed onto aluminum salts. (mediresource.com)
  • Pertussis: Although no immunologic correlates of protection have yet been identified for pertussis, IgG antibody levels against four virulence factors (pertussis toxin (PT), fimbriae (FIM), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), and pertactin (PRN)) are used to assess immunogenicity following vaccination and disease (Mattoo, et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Acellular pertussis vaccine usually contains purified antigen pertussis toxin(PT), Filamentous hemagglutinin antigen(FHA), pertactin(PRN), fimbrial hemagglutinins 1, 2 and 3 (FIM type 1, type 2 and type 3). (drbhole.com)
Proteins7
  • A large proportion of the toxin remains associated with the bacterium exterior proteins, mainly filamentous haemagglutinin, but these toxin molecules are not active. (wikipedia.org)
  • Besides attachment to bacterial proteins, aggregation also inactivates the toxin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bacterial toxins can be single proteins or oligomeric protein complexes that are organized with distinct AB structure-function properties. (springer.com)
  • The title of the Cell paper reporting this research is, "Bifunctional immunity proteins protect bacteria against FtsZ-targeting ADP-ribosylating toxins. (uw.edu)
  • N -formylpeptides derive from bacterial and mitochondrial proteins, and bind to specific receptors on mammalian phagocytes. (silverchair.com)
  • The latter view has substantial indirect support because N -formylpeptides are products of bacterial proteins ( 2 - 4 ), and because phagocytes are critical effectors of antibacterial host defense. (silverchair.com)
  • Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT, produced by Pasteurella multocida ) offers the possibility to discriminate between Gα q and Gα 11 proteins, since it stimulates inositol phosphate formation in a strictly Gα q -dependent manner. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Bacterium3
  • Bacterial toxins are often characterized based upon the secretion mechanism that delivers the toxin out of the bacterium, termed types I-VII. (springer.com)
  • This protein protects the bacterium from both the toxin it produces itself," Peterson noted, "and from toxins that function by the same mechanism but made by other species. (uw.edu)
  • Due to the DBS test, it is possible to determine the previous contact with the tetanus bacterium toxin or to use the test results to evaluate the effectiveness of the vaccination. (lifelab1.com)
Immunity9
  • One of the hallmarks of the pertussis resurgence is a shift in disease prevalence toward older persons who have waning vaccine-induced immunity ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Pertussis results in substantial morbidity among adults and adolescents whose immunity to past childhood vaccination or B. pertussis infection might have waned and who have not received booster immunization for pertussis with adult tetanus, reduced diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In this review we summarize the available literature on the role of mucosal immunity in the prevention of B. pertussis infection. (frontiersin.org)
  • Due to its ability to induce mucosal immunity it is expected that this approach will contribute to improved control of pertussis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our findings," the team wrote in the Cell paper, "reveal how an interbacterial arms race has produced a unique solution for safeguarding the integrity of the bacterial cell division machinery…" This protective mechanism confers broad immunity to a variety of toxins. (uw.edu)
  • FPR −/− mice also had increased bacterial load in spleen and liver 2 d after infection, which is before development of a specific cellular immune response, suggesting a defect in innate immunity. (silverchair.com)
  • For example, primary vaccination with three shots of the diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) vaccine , is given to infants to help build immunity against the bacteria responsible for these diseases, followed by three booster doses (containing the same inactivated bacterial toxins) during later childhood. (gavi.org)
  • Dot immunoassay for the simultaneous determination of postvaccination immunity against pertussis, diphtheria, and tetanus // Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. (iegm.ru)
  • Despite the fact that pertussis can be prevented through vaccination, its incidence has increased in recent years, owing to a decline in immunity from previous vaccinations and a decrease in the vaccination rate. (medscape.com)
Bacteria17
  • It is a toxin secreted by the bacteria to influence the host immune system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Toxins from many known gram-negative pathogenic bacteria are in the RTX family. (wikipedia.org)
  • This vaccine increases a person's defences against pertussis infection and against the toxins produced by tetanus and diphtheria bacteria. (mediresource.com)
  • Only certain parts of the bacteria are used (therefore they are not alive), and the toxins have been detoxified. (mediresource.com)
  • Still, these components are enough to stimulate the production of a person's own antibodies (cells designed to attack that particular bacteria or toxin), which will remain in the body ready to attack any future bacteria that may cause infection and deal with the toxins produced during tetanus or diphtheria infection. (mediresource.com)
  • B. pertussis has several antigens, capsular polysaccharide antigen, somatic antigen thermostable corresponding to the endotoxin of gram-negative bacteria. (medical-actu.com)
  • Mougous Lab Healthy bacteria (left) and bacteria (right) whose cell-division machinery has been disrupted by a toxin newly discovered in some bacterial arsenals. (uw.edu)
  • A newly discovered toxin that some bacteria deploy to fend off competing bacteria stands out from others in the battle for microbial domination. (uw.edu)
  • While many deadly substances have been identified among bacteria, this previously unknown toxin behaves in a familiar way. (uw.edu)
  • Although bacteria don't get diarrhea, a look under the microscope shows that they do get visibly sick while they are succumbing to the recently identified toxin, named Tre1. (uw.edu)
  • Peterson was one of the senior researchers on the project team that uncovered the new toxin and outlined how bacteria deploy this weapon. (uw.edu)
  • These bacteria produce a protein that acts as an enzyme to reverse, almost like an antidote, the modifications that the toxin had instigated. (uw.edu)
  • In this study, we analyzed three bacterial toxins and five culture supernatants of selected bacteria with known toxicity as model agents exposed to the lung epithelial cell line NuLi-1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The development of anti-infectives against a large range of AB-like toxin-producing bacteria include. (listlabs.com)
  • According to experts, diphtheria is a serious infection caused by strains of bacteria called 'Corynebacterium diphtheria that make toxins. (geo.tv)
  • Some bacteria are helpful to humans, such as those found in the gut that aid in digestion, while others can cause harm by producing toxins or causing infections. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Bacterial infections can often be treated with antibiotics, which work by killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria. (tutorialspoint.com)
Strains8
  • We provide evidence that expansion of strains with increased Ptx production has contributed to the resurgence of pertussis in the Netherlands. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 5 ] Variation in CARDS toxin production among M pneumoniae strains may be correlated with the range of severity of pulmonary disease observed among patients. (medscape.com)
  • Analysis of bacterial genomes shows that current cases of whooping cough are caused by B. pertussis strains that are different from the vaccine strains. (pasteur.fr)
  • Nine HPTs were genotyped in a collection of 90 geographically and temporally diverse B. pertussis strains using the polymerase chain reaction/ligase detection reaction (PCR/LDR) assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Six HPTs were polymorphic in this collection of B. pertussis strains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Of note, one of these polymorphic HPTs was found in the fimX promoter, where a single base insertion variant was present in seven strains, all of which were isolated prior to introduction of the pertussis vaccine. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Diphtheria is a fulminant bacterial disease caused by toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae whose local and systemic manifestations are due to the action of the diphtheria toxin (DT). (fiocruz.br)
  • Meningococcal conjugate vaccine protects against 4 bacterial strains, which are labeled with the letters A, C, W and Y. Kids get their first dose of this at age 11 or 12 and a booster at age 16. (healthychildren.org)
Antibodies4
  • Antibodies levels ≥0.01 IU/mL as measured by in vivo toxin neutralization assays are generally considered protective (Borrow, et al. (cdc.gov)
  • This assay tested antibodies to tetanus toxin (TT) and four Bordatella pertussis antigens (PT, FIM, FHA, PRN). (cdc.gov)
  • The MMACA is calibrated to the WHO International Standard 06/140 for pertussis antibodies and TE-3 for TT antibodies. (cdc.gov)
  • Rabbit polyclonal antibodies to Shiga Toxin 1 and 2 are provided by List. (listlabs.com)
Islet-activat1
  • - Pertussis toxin (PT), is a protein toxin released in part by the germ (various synonyms have been used to describe this toxin, reflecting its various activities: HSF, histamine-sensitizing factor, LPF, lymphocytosis-promoting factor and IPA , islet-activating protein). (medical-actu.com)
Infection10
  • Bacterial toxins damage the host at the site of bacterial infection or distant from the site. (springer.com)
  • Given the high infection rate of B. pertussis , effective control of the disease likely requires prevention of infection and transmission in addition to protection against disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • Several studies have shown that secretory IgA may be instrumental in the control of B. pertussis infection. (frontiersin.org)
  • This vaccine is a live attenuated B. pertussis strain delivered nasally in order to mimic the natural route of infection. (frontiersin.org)
  • Evidence from animal models of M pneumoniae infection have proven that recombinant CARDS toxin results in significant pulmonary inflammation, release of proinflammatory cytokines, and airway dysfunction. (medscape.com)
  • Boosting NAD+ production increased NAD+ levels in immortalized and primary cells and decreased bacterial replication upon infection. (bvsalud.org)
  • The live attenuated vaccine BPZE1 was developed to mimic immunogenicity of natural infection without causing disease, and in preclinical models protected against pertussis disease and B. pertussis colonization after a single nasal administration. (mdpi.com)
  • Rhinovirus, C pneumoniae , and B pertussis are found in the sputum or pharyngeal swab specimens of asthmatic subjects without concurrent symptoms of infection or asthma exacerbation, as well as in some healthy controls. (bmj.com)
  • Diphtheria is a lethal bacterial infection, a vaccine-preventable disease, but every week dozens of diphtheria cases are now being reported from Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan while suspected diphtheria cases are also being reported from Azad Jammu and Kashmir", an official of the National Health Services, Regulations and Coordination (NHS,R&C) said. (geo.tv)
  • Culture testing is the criterion standard for B pertussis infection, owing to its high specificity (100%) for identification. (medscape.com)
Antigens3
  • It contains diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis antigens. (drbhole.com)
  • The components acellular pertussis antigens vary according to brands. (drbhole.com)
  • It also vary with bacterial clone used to purify the antigens. (drbhole.com)
Toxoid1
Shiga-toxin9
  • The effects of Shiga toxin 1 and Shiga toxin 2 have been shown to vary with cell type because Gb3 receptors are present in certain tissues, particularly sensory neurons and renal cells. (listlabs.com)
  • Shiga toxin 1 and Shiga toxin 2 differ in their effects on various tissues. (listlabs.com)
  • Shiga toxin 1 and 2 provided by List Labs are recombinantly expressed in E. coli and are highly purified. (listlabs.com)
  • Product #161 Shiga Toxin 1, recombinant from E. coli, is provided lyophilized in PBS buffer. (listlabs.com)
  • Product #162 Shiga Toxin 2, recombinant from E. coli, is provided as a liquid in a Tris buffer solution. (listlabs.com)
  • Anti-Shiga Toxin Camelid Antibody, which is a heterotetramer VHH that recognizes both Shiga Toxin 1 and Shiga Toxin 2, is also available. (listlabs.com)
  • Anti-Shiga Toxin 1 or Anti-Shiga Toxin 2 Antibody, when paired with the Anti-Shiga Toxin Camelid Antibody, can be used in a standard sandwich ELISA. (listlabs.com)
  • Product #761 Anti-Shiga Toxin 1 (Rabbit), IgG is provided as a frozen liquid in PBS buffer solution. (listlabs.com)
  • Product #766 Anti-Shiga Toxin Camelid Antibody, VHH is provided as a liquid in PBS buffer solution. (listlabs.com)
Infants4
  • Reaching especially young children, pertussis in infants less than 3 months is a life-threatening severe illness, death occurs from asphyxiation. (medical-actu.com)
  • IMPORTANCE: Infants younger than 1 year have the highest burden of pertussis morbidity and mortality. (cdc.gov)
  • OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of maternal Tdap vaccination during pregnancy with the incidence of pertussis among infants in the US. (cdc.gov)
  • World Health Organization (WHO) estimates suggest that in 2008, approximately 82% of all infants worldwide received 3 doses of pertussis vaccine, which prevented approximately 687,000 deaths. (medscape.com)
Similar to pertussis2
Incidence4
  • Widespread vaccination of children reduced the incidence of illness and deaths caused by pertussis ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The incidence of pertussis is approximately 1.5 to 3.0 per 100,000 individuals, with approximately 5,000 to 7,000 cases reported annually. (wikidoc.org)
  • The incidence of pertussis in European countries has declined largely due to vaccination when the disease is increasing in the US. (medical-actu.com)
  • 3] Recent estimates put the worldwide incidence of pertussis at 48.5 million cases, with close to 295,000 deaths per year. (medscape.com)
Whole-cell pertussis4
  • Whole-cell pertussis vaccine is no longer available in the United States because of concerns about adverse effects, but it is still available in other parts of the world. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Whole cell pertussis vaccine DTwP (DPT) had whole cell killed pertussis component. (drbhole.com)
  • Local pain very less with very less swelling and redness compared to whole cell pertussis containing vaccine. (drbhole.com)
  • So with DTaP vaccine the effect is similar to DPT whole cell pertussis vaccine but side effects are lesser significantly. (drbhole.com)
Diseases5
  • Interbacterial fighting might also be responsible for encouraging the formation of new, more effective toxins and thereby contribute to the emergence of bacterial diseases. (uw.edu)
  • This laboratory assay was performed in the Microbial Pathogenesis and Immune Response Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA for analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this ecologic study, a time-trend analysis was performed of infant pertussis cases reported through the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2019, in the US. (cdc.gov)
  • This vaccine is a booster to protect against three diseases: tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis ( whooping cough ). (healthychildren.org)
  • Comparison of anti-pertussis toxin ELISA and agglutination assays to assess immune responses to pertussis // Infectious Diseases. (iegm.ru)
Anti-pertussis1
  • The reportable value (RV) of the assay is expressed as the serum concentration of anti-pertussis or TT antigen-specific IgG in IU/mL. (cdc.gov)
Cases of pertussis1
  • More than 100,000 cases of pertussis have been reported in Britain in 1977. (medical-actu.com)
Doses of diphtheria1
  • Tdap contains lower doses of diphtheria and pertussis components (indicated by the lower case d and p ). (msdmanuals.com)
Diphtheria and pertussis1
DTaP5
  • This supplementary statement provides information on and recommendations for the use of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP). (cdc.gov)
  • The primary prevention method for pertussis is vaccination with multiple doses of the DTaP vaccine during childhood and adolescence/adulthood. (wikidoc.org)
  • For more information, see DTaP/Tdap/Td Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Vaccine Recommendations and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis Vaccination . (msdmanuals.com)
  • Side effects of DTaP are same as DPT (DTwP) that is whole cell killed pertussis components containing vaccine. (drbhole.com)
  • The newer acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP), which is approved for adults, has a significantly better adverse effect profile compared with the older DPT vaccine, which should help increase vaccination rates. (medscape.com)
Protein toxins1
  • The cytolethal distending toxins (CDTs) comprise a family of intracellular-acting bacterial protein toxins whose actions upon eukaryotic cells result in several consequences, the most characteristic of which is the induction of G(2)/M cell cycle arrest. (illinois.edu)
Immunization1
  • After launch of DTwP (DPT) vaccine in universal immunization schedules and followed by national immunization schedule of many countries around the world, a significant reduction was noted in incidences of all the diphtheria , tetanus and pertussis cases. (drbhole.com)
Bronchiseptica2
  • Unlike B. bronchiseptica , B. pertussis is not motile . (wikidoc.org)
  • The genomes of B. pertussis and the two closely related species, B. bronchiseptica and B. parapertussis , were screened for homopolymeric tracts longer than expected on the basis of chance, given their nucleotide compositions. (biomedcentral.com)
Whooping6
1940s3
  • Before childhood vaccination was introduced in the 1940s, pertussis was a major cause of infant death worldwide. (cdc.gov)
  • Simultaneous vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis during infancy and childhood has been a routine practice in the United States since the late 1940s. (cdc.gov)
  • In the 1940s, Grace Elderling, Loney Gordon, and Pearl Kendrick combined diphtheria and tetanus with the pertussis and develop the first combination DTP vaccine. (wikidoc.org)
Populations2
  • In the 1990s, a resurgence of pertussis was observed in a number of countries with highly vaccinated populations, and pertussis has become the most prevalent vaccine-preventable disease in industrialized countries. (cdc.gov)
  • This means that bacterial populations can grow rapidly, leading to the spread of infections. (tutorialspoint.com)
Abstract1
  • abstract = "Objective - Nod1 is an intracellular pattern recognition receptor for bacterial peptidoglycan fragments. (elsevierpure.com)
Prevention2
  • Problematic testing for B. pertussis can compromise prevention programs, surveillance activities, vaccine effectiveness studies, and outbreak management. (cdc.gov)
  • Although associated with high efficacy in the prevention of disease, the current anti- diphtheria vaccine, one of the components of DTP (diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis triple vaccine), may present post vaccination effects such as toxicity and reactogenicity resulting from the presence of contaminants in the vaccine that originated during the process of production and/or detoxification. (fiocruz.br)
Subunit3
  • They include both the hydrolysis resistant GTP analogs, GTP-γ-S and GDP-β-S, that hold the Gα subunit in active and inactive conformations, respectively, and various bacterial toxins. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • With the addition of adenosine diphosphate-ribose onto the inhibitory G protein, adenylate cyclase is stimulated by the pertussis toxin, which has 2 components: subunit A and subunit B. Subunit A has the adenosine diphosphate-ribosylating activity. (medscape.com)
  • Subunit B binds the toxin to the cell surface receptors, thereby inhibiting chemokine receptors, with the result being lymphocytosis. (medscape.com)
Immune4
  • Yet, compared to systemic responses, mucosal immune responses have attracted relatively little attention in the context of pertussis vaccine development. (frontiersin.org)
  • Phase variability may be an important mechanism in B. pertussis for evasion of the immune system and adaptation to different niches in the human host. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Phase variation is one means by which B. pertussis might adapt to host immune surveillance and vaccine-induced immune responses without loss or acquisition of genomic fragments [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, immune sera from BALB/c mice vaccinated with rBCGpUS977dtb PW8 were preliminarily tested for their capacity of neutralizing the diphtheria toxin in the Vero Cells assay. (fiocruz.br)
Outbreaks2
  • CDC's pertussis and diphtheria laboratorians and epidemiologists can assist health departments during pertussis outbreaks or when a doctor suspects a case of diphtheria. (cdc.gov)
  • The earliest outbreaks of pertussis were recognized by Bahaodwole Razi in 1502 in Persia and by Guillaume de Baillou in 1578 in France. (wikidoc.org)
Eukaryotic cell1
  • Bacterial toxin modulation of the eukaryotic cell cycle: are all cytolethal distending toxins created equally? (illinois.edu)
Assays2
  • The established assays revealed the concentration dependent onset and intensity of bacterial cytotoxicity and the viability of the cells at 24 h and 48 h exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Serologic assays are useful in later stages of the disease and can be useful for diagnosis confirmation, particularly if a pertussis outbreak is suspected. (medscape.com)
Culture supernatants1
  • Maslennikova I.L. Kuznetsova M.V. Nekrasova I.V. Shirshev S.V. Effect of bacterial components of mixed culture supernatants of planktonic and biofilm Pseudomonas aeruginosa with commensal Escherichia coli on the neutrophil response in vitro // Pathog Dis. (iegm.ru)
Known bacterial1
  • The position-sensitive iterative database search program PSI-BLAST connected the mammalian ARTs with most known bacterial ADP-ribosylating toxins. (indexindex.com)
Humans2
Resurgence1
  • There has been a resurgence of pertussis in Australia from 1987. (medical-actu.com)
Acute1
  • Giannella RA (1981) Pathogenesis of acute bacterial diarrheal disorders. (springer.com)