Bacterial indicator and pathogen bacteria quantitative microbial risk assessment. Medical search. Frequent questions

Our focus is on the challenges to diagnosing wound infection, including accurately determining risk factors, differentiating colonization from infection, and understanding the gold standard for diagnosing wound infection. (woundsource.com)
The concept of critical colonization was invented to describe the idea that bacteria could play a role in non-healing wounds that do not have any obvious signs and symptoms of infection. (woundsource.com)
The assessment of infection in a chronic wound is a clinical skill, and the decision to prescribe antibiotics or apply topical antimicrobial agents should be based primarily on clinical presentation. (woundsource.com)
Their presentations considered (a) the positive influences of water consumption on kidney diseases and urinary tract infection (UTI), (b) human neuroendocrine regulation of water and electrolytes, and (c) low daily water consumption as an epidemiologic risk factor for chronic diseases. (thefactsaboutwater.org)
A Monitoring for human pathogens in sewage Monitoring of human pathogens in sewage is possible because they may be excreted in a range of bodily fluids, skin, and hair during active infection (Feachem et al. (scienceopen.com)
In addition to release during active infection, pathogens can be washed into sewage systems from cleaning of indoor (floor washing, kitchen sink use) and outdoor (auto washing, driveway cleaning, storm water collection) facilities. (scienceopen.com)
Here we present methods and data generated from iterative longitudinal systems biology infection experiments designed and performed by the Malaria Host-Pathogen Interaction Center (MaHPIC) to delve deeper into the biology, pathogenesis, and immune responses of P. cynomolgi in the Macaca mulatta host. (cdc.gov)
Many laboratories and microbial parameter changes occur in the early phases of post burning, of which Leukocytosis can be a good predictor for infection in burns, especially when it happens in the second week and beyond. (iqnjm.com)
Host species, geography (elevation), climatic conditions and microbial richness were all associated with the prevalence of infection. (nature.com)
Chorioamnionitis (also known as "triple I": intrauterine inflammation or infection or both) is a complication of pregnancy caused by bacterial infection or inflammation of the fetal amnion and chorion membranes. (medscape.com)

Escherichia coli (E. coli) and enterococci are also used as indicators. (wikipedia.org)
World Health Organization Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality state that as an indicator organism Escherichia coli provides conclusive evidence of recent fecal pollution and should not be present in water meant for human consumption. (wikipedia.org)
Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) is a dominant intestinal commensal organism, an important fecal indicator bacterium (FIB), a pathogen and a target for microbial source tracking (MST). (lpelc.org)
Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB: Escherichia coli and enterococci) are used to assess recreational water quality. (bvsalud.org)
We developed a comprehensive experimental setup and demonstrated the applicability of this VBNC-MIC assay for testing the tolerance of 12 strains of 4 important bacterial species ( Escherichia coli , Bacillus cereus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Listeria monocytogenes ) in the VBNC state to eight important antimicrobials including four different antibiotics. (frontiersin.org)
In rural areas, 5,979 water samples (77.54%) were found to be contaminated by coliform bacteria and 3,431 (44.50%) by Escherichia coli . (iwaponline.com)
Furthermore, disinfection or chemical treatment of natural mineral water is not permitted, yet it is routinely tested for its number of cultivable bacteria including several marker organisms ( Escherichia coli and other coliforms, fecal streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and sporulated sulfite-reducing anaerobes). (biomedcentral.com)

These bacteria may include species of pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella or Campylobacter, associated with gastroenteritis. (wikipedia.org)
Infiltration of fecal material into the subsurface can result in the contamination of ground water supplies by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, thereby posing a threat to public health. (lpelc.org)
2005. Variation for neutral markers is correlated with variation for quantitative traits in the plant pathogenic fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola . (hutton.ac.uk)
Potentially pathogenic bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae , Haemophilus influenzae , Moraxella catarrhalis , and Staphylococcus aureus are commonly carried in the nasopharynx of young children. (biomedcentral.com)
The ability of foodborne pathogenic bacteria to survive under environmental stress, not only inside the host, but also outside in the environment, can lead to an increase in human illnesses. (iospress.com)
Pathogenic bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes , which has a high fatality rate of approximately 17%, become a threat in products that are not protected from, or properly treated to reduce contamination [ 1 ]. (iospress.com)

Indicator bacteria are types of bacteria used to detect and estimate the level of fecal contamination of water. (wikipedia.org)
Public agencies therefore use the presence of other more abundant and more easily detected fecal bacteria as indicators of the presence of fecal contamination. (wikipedia.org)
To assess whether a ground water source is at risk for fecal contamination, agencies responsible for monitoring water supplies generally test for the presence of nonpathogenic as indicator organisms. (lpelc.org)
In many situations, bioterrorist contamination events will result in the pathogen shedding to wastewater before a community level epidemic begins. (scienceopen.com)
The aim of this review of published literature and reports is to assess the feasibility of monitoring sewage systems as an early warning system for the release of pathogens from an intentional, natural, or accidental biological contamination event. (scienceopen.com)
In urban areas, 1,268 (10.95%) of the samples contained coliform bacteria and 293 (2.53%) of these samples contained E. coli , with the factor of rainfall associated with 1,081 samples (9.33%) with bacterial contamination. (iwaponline.com)
For almost 40 years, Bonde's (1966) attributes of an ideal indicator have served as an effective model of how a fecal contamination index for public health risk and treatment efficiency should function ( Box 4-1 ). (nationalacademies.org)
This information can be used by the produce industry to conduct on-farm environmental investigations of foodborne pathogen contamination in the growing environment. (cdc.gov)
This contamination could be detected during routine environmental monitoring or following a suspected health risk. (cdc.gov)
However, collecting and analyzing environmental data and data about on- and off-farm practices can provide invaluable insights into potential foodborne pathogen (i.e., disease-causing microorganism) contamination risks and prevention strategies. (cdc.gov)
Although blueberries are considered low risk for foodborne contamination because of their low pH, they were related to a possible outbreak of listeriosis in Connecticut in 1984 [ 11 ]. (iospress.com)
Meanwhile, data continue to accumulate to ensure the suitability of coliphages as indicators of viral contamination: 1) their abundance in different local and geographic environments, and 2) their behavior against disinfection and natural inactivation. (bluephage.com)
This led to the acceptance of somatic coliphages as indicators of fecal/viral contamination of waters. (bluephage.com)

Adapting culture-based fecal indicator monitoring to include antibiotics in the media provides a potentially low-tech and accessible option, while quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting key genes of interest provides a broad, quantitative measure across the microbial community. (bvsalud.org)
In this study, we investigated if de novo ATP production of cells in the VBNC state is a suitable indicator for overall cell viability that can be utilized to determine the minimum ATP inhibitory concentration (MAIC) of antibiotics and other antimicrobials. (frontiersin.org)
We confirmed that bacteria in the VBNC state were resistant to all tested antibiotics (ampicillin, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin) and additionally insensitive to disinfectants (benzalkonium chloride and trioctylmethylammonium chloride) and preservatives (bronopol and sodium azide). (frontiersin.org)
In the absence of the development of new generations of antibiotic drugs, appropriate use of existing antibiotics is needed to ensure the long-term availability of effective treatment for bacterial infections. (hindawi.com)
Inappropriate antibiotic use is a huge problem in Ethiopia, and many bacteria were resistant to commonly used antibiotics and similarly, multidrug-resistant bacterial strains are numerous. (hindawi.com)
Moreover, it is well recognized that the excessive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics can affect the relative proportions of gut microbial populations and foster bacterial resistance [24]. (deepdyve.com)
FERDOUSI, S. A study on the prevalence of heavy metals, pesticides, and microbial contaminants and antibiotics resistance pathogens in raw salad vegetables sold in Dhaka, Bangladesh. (produccioncientificaluz.org)
In fact, bacterial growth on wall surface as well as on medical devices represents a severe concern in the health care system, taking into account that bacteria are becoming multiresistant to antibiotics. (biomedcentral.com)
From this perspective, the development of surfaces able to kill or inhibit bacterial growth without the use of antibiotics/drugs is attracting a great interest, and new wall paint and coatings, containing nanoparticles that possess antimicrobial activity, represent an emerging approach in order to prevent both the spread of nosocomial infections and biodeteriorative activity [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Some of the most clinically relevant resistance genes, such those encoding carbapenemases (ß-lactamase enzymes able to degrade carbapenem antibiotics), are carried on conjugative plasmids that spread across high-risk bacterial clones 5 , 6 . (nature.com)
however, the risk is much lower than anticipated based on historical figures when widespread use of intrapartum antibiotics was not a common practice. (medscape.com)
Surveillance and molecular epidemiology of antibiotics resistant bacteria are urgently needed in the study area. (bvsalud.org)

ICAP at Columbia University is being funded to develop a network of four hospitals in Kenya to improve their ability to detect bacterial infections, determine antibiotic resistance in the infections, assess antibiotic use and the prevalence of healthcare-acquired infections, and develop an antibiotic stewardship collaborative to improve the use of antimicrobials at the hospitals. (cdc.gov)
We will follow 360 newborns from 3 sites along a rural-urban gradient in northern coastal Ecuador, characterising enteric infections and gut microbial communities in the children every 3 to 6 months over their first 2 years of life. (bmj.com)
To elaborate on the early laboratory and microbial culture changes in adult burn inpatients, and to make use of subtle changes in the laboratory investigations, to predict and detect infections in burn victims, in its early phases. (iqnjm.com)
Also 90% of the patients had infections, majority of the isolate results were Gram-negative bacteria (66.8%), and (33.2%) were Gram-positive. (iqnjm.com)
Yet it cannot distinguish gram negative from gram positive bacterial infections. (iqnjm.com)
Methods for detection of activators of intestinal infections of bacterial origin in the potable water, open water reservoirs, basins and waste water]. (fcrisk.ru)
In this study, an innovative nanomaterial consisting of graphene nanoplatelets decorated by zinc oxide nanorods (ZNGs) was tested for the ability to inhibit two different pathogens belonging to bacterial genera frequently associated with nosocomial infections as well as biodeterioration phenomenon: the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and the Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa . (biomedcentral.com)
The formation of bacterial biofilm on construction material plays a key role in the possible occurrence of pathogen infections in nosocomial environments as well as in building biodeterioration [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are gene sequence-based methods currently being used to detect specific strains of indicator bacteria. (wikipedia.org)

Many bacteria enter the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state to maximize resources and increase their tolerance to harmful conditions to cope with environmental stress, which has been described for a plethora of important human and foodborne pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
DIKER, K.S. The prevalence of major foodborne pathogens in ready-to-eat chicken meat samples sold in retail markets in Turkey and the molecular characterization of the recovered isolates. (produccioncientificaluz.org)

Identification and prioritization of effective food safety increasingly robust data on the incidence of illness due to interventions require an understanding of the relationship specific enteric pathogens, no method exists to categorize between food and pathogen from farm to consumption. (cdc.gov)

1999). In the case of some respiratory pathogens, 90% or more of the persons infected will become ill (Belshe, 1991). (scienceopen.com)
However, with the advent of novel diagnostic technologies, viral respiratory pathogens are increasingly being identified as frequent etiologies of CAP. (medscape.com)

None of the types of indicator organisms that are currently in use fit all of these criteria perfectly, however, when cost is considered, use of indicators becomes necessary. (wikipedia.org)
Indicator bacteria can be cultured on media which are specifically formulated to allow the growth of the species of interest and inhibit growth of other organisms. (wikipedia.org)
One technique for detecting indicator organisms is the use of chromogenic compounds, which are added to conventional or newly devised media used for isolation of the indicator bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
One of the most commonly used indicator organisms in ground water systems is E coli. (lpelc.org)
Three of Bonde's attributes (1, 2, and 4) address the relationship between indictor organisms and pathogens of concern, while the remaining five describe desirable properties associated with quantifying the indicator. (nationalacademies.org)
Grow widely independent of other organisms present, when inculcated in artificial media (i.e., indicator bacteria should not be seriously inhibited in their growth by the presence of other bacteria). (nationalacademies.org)

Because the threat level drives the risk assessment analysis, a monitoring system should be coordinated with findings from modeling studies on the survival and dispersion of contaminants (Kim et al. (scienceopen.com)

The qPCR detection of sul1 yielded the widest dynamic range of measurement as an AMR indicator (7-log versus 3.5-log for cefR E. coli), while intI1 was the most frequently detected target (99% versus 96.5% and 50.8% for sul1 and cefR E. coli, respectively). (bvsalud.org)
An RCA may be conducted in response to a foodborne outbreak caused by a contaminated product, a product recall from pathogen detection during finished product testing, detection of a pathogen on the pre-harvest product or within the growing environment, or elevated E. coli levels in agricultural water. (cdc.gov)
Data were extracted on important variables like the sample size, region of the study, the inappropriate antibiotic use, bacterial detection rate, multidrug resistance pattern, and more other variables. (hindawi.com)
The random-effects model was used to provide point estimates (with 95% confidence interval (CI)) of bacterial detection rate, inappropriate antibiotic use, and multidrug resistance rate to account for heterogeneity. (hindawi.com)
The pooled bacteria detection rate was 29.1 with 95% CI (16.6-41.7). (hindawi.com)
This, added to the fact that the detection and enumeration of animal viruses was difficult and expensive, launched the search of alternative viral indicators. (bluephage.com)

If sufficient quantities are ingested, fecal pathogens can cause disease. (wikipedia.org)
Aside from bacteria being found in fecal matter, it can also be found in oral and gut contents. (wikipedia.org)
Commonly used indicator bacteria include total coliforms, or a subset of this group, fecal coliforms, which are found in the intestinal tracts of warm blooded animals. (wikipedia.org)
Total coliforms were used as fecal indicators by public agencies in the US as early as the 1920s. (wikipedia.org)

2012. Pathogen populations evolve to greater race complexity in agricultural systems - evidence from analysis of Rhynchosporium secalis virulence data . (hutton.ac.uk)
Plasmid persistence in bacterial populations is strongly influenced by the fitness effects associated with plasmid carriage. (nature.com)
These fitness costs make it difficult to explain how plasmids are maintained in bacterial populations over the long-term in the absence of selection for plasmid-encoded traits, a puzzle known as "the plasmid-paradox" 10 . (nature.com)
To fully understand plasmid persistence in natural bacterial populations, it will be necessary to address these limitations. (nature.com)

Beyond this, many fundamental questions regarding the microbial ecology of bottled waters still remain poorly answered. (biomedcentral.com)

Perhaps the biggest drawback to using coliforms as indicators is that they can grow in water under certain conditions. (wikipedia.org)
Historic definitions of microbial indicators, such as coliforms, have been tied to the methods used to measure them. (nationalacademies.org)

Marine tests showed an inhibition of growth with the two different algal species (P. tricornutum and D. tertiolecta), an inhibition of bioluminescence in the bacterium A. fischeri, an alteration on the correct early development of the serpulid F. enigmaticus larvae and immobilization of the copepod A. tonsa individuals at both 24 and 48 hours of exposure. (easychair.org)
16S rRNA gene-based analyses showed that less than 10 species-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs) dominated the bacterial communities in the water phase and associated with the bottle wall after a short phase of post-bottling growth. (biomedcentral.com)
The mouth is home to hundreds of bacterial species with various nutritional preferences. (medscape.com)
About 80-90% of halitosis is due to intraoral microbial species that populate on the tongue, teeth, and periodontal biofilms. (medscape.com)

FIB decay was generally greater than the coliphages and was more rapid when indicators were exposed to lake vs. wastewater protozoa. (bvsalud.org)
Differential responses of FIB, somatic, and F+ coliphages to environmental factors support the need for studies that address the relationship between the decay of coliphages and viral pathogens under environmentally relevant conditions. (bvsalud.org)
It was not until the late 1970s and early 1980s that some very scattered papers were published that could be called pioneering in using coliphages as viral indicators. (bluephage.com)
Though not supported by sound pieces of evidence, the idea that coliphages multiply in water and therefore cannot be used as indicators emerged and began to be widely accepted. (bluephage.com)

It is estimated that 50% or less of those individuals infected with enteric viruses or bacteria actually become ill (Haas et al. (scienceopen.com)
In the late 1960s and especially in the early 1970s, the idea began to spread, supported by data, that bacterial indicators were ineffective in predicting the presence of human viruses in an aquatic environment. (bluephage.com)
The idea then emerged that perhaps enteric bacterial phages could be used as surrogates of human viruses. (bluephage.com)
Many of these studies compare different types of phages with bacteria and viruses. (bluephage.com)
It starts to become clear that the numbers of viruses, in fact gene copies, obtained by PCR are not suitable either for water industry management or for performing "risk assessment" studies. (bluephage.com)

Viral indicators (i.e., somatic and F+ coliphage), could improve the prediction of viral pathogens in recreational waters, however, the impact of environmental factors, including the effect of predatory protozoa source, on their survival in water is poorly understood. (bvsalud.org)
However, PCR, which has been extremely useful in providing a great deal of crucial information in water virology, does not distinguish between reliable and repetitive, and hence feasible, procedures infectious from non-infectious viral particles and is therefore not useful for monitoring virological water quality, nor for assessing the performance of water treatment processes or for quantitative microbial risk assessment. (bluephage.com)
The most common viral pathogens recovered from hospitalized patients admitted with CAP include human rhinovirus and influenza . (medscape.com)

Processes such as host-microbe crosstalk, immune activation and inflammation, microbe-microbe signalling, microbial metabolism and antimicrobial activity are bioactive in the human gut [3]. (deepdyve.com)
The epithelium function and the mucosal associated immune system are influenced by direct host-microbiota interactions and through modulation of the microbial metabolism [7]. (deepdyve.com)
Oral malodor is primarily the result of microbial metabolism. (medscape.com)

Some experiments will investigate only one or two nutrient or pathogen pathways, while others will be more comprehensive, including, for example, surface runoff, gaseous emission, and plant removal. (usda.gov)
Moreover, genetic and simple obesity share similar structural and functional features of dysbiosis, such as higher production of toxins with known potential to induce metabolic deteriorations (e.g. trimethylamine-N-oxide and indoxyl sulphate), higher abundance of genomes containing genes coding enzymes involved in the production of these toxic co-metabolites and higher abundance of pathways for biosynthesis of bacterial antigens (such as endotoxin) [13-15]. (deepdyve.com)

An increase in bacterial mutation rate can promote biofilm formation. (southampton.ac.uk)
this was also supported by a reduction in biofilm formation of both bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)

Since 1973 in the US, five bacterial illness outbreaks have been attributed to berries [ 8, 10 ] and most of them were related to strawberries contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus (1985), Salmonella Group B (2003), and enterohemorragic E. coli O26 (2006). (iospress.com)
mientras que E. coli y S. aureus se aislaron en el 38,1 % (16/42) y el 2,4 % (1/42), respectivamente. (produccioncientificaluz.org)
Estos resultados indican la alta carga de microorganismos, presencia de ESBL E. coli y patógenos virales entéricos en REVS, por lo que es importante realizar prácticas de higiene de rutina. (produccioncientificaluz.org)

We found that subpopulations of biofilm bacteria undergo cell death and lysis as a feature of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm life cycle. (southampton.ac.uk)
Among the bacterial isolates derived from wall paintings, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus genera are the most predominant together with Bacillus , Streptomyces and Mycobacterium [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

We will also examine pathogen transport and viability at different points in the dairy farm system. (usda.gov)
A time- and dose-dependent bactericidal effect in cell viability was highlighted against both bacteria, demonstrating a strong antimicrobial potential of ZNGs. (biomedcentral.com)

The objectives of this study were to identify risk factors for nasopharyngeal carriage and density of S. pneumoniae , H. influenzae , M. catarrhalis , and S. aureus in young children in Indonesia. (biomedcentral.com)
Typical bacterial pathogens that cause CAP include Streptococcus pneumoniae , Haemophilus influenzae , and Moraxella catarrhalis . (medscape.com)
The term "typical" CAP refers to a bacterial pneumonia caused by pathogens such as S pneumoniae , H influenzae , and M catarrhalis . (medscape.com)
The most common bacterial pathogen overall is S pneumoniae , although, in some settings, including in the United States, its incidence is decreasing, possibly owing to vaccination. (medscape.com)

We performed quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) to predict the risk of gastroenteritis associated with swimming and the amount of pathogen reduction needed to achieve safe conditions. (bvsalud.org)
The qualitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) framework can be used as a tool to develop and interpret this type of wastewater monitoring system. (scienceopen.com)
We address issues from a QMRA perspective and explore methods to detect and monitor pathogens in wastewater. (scienceopen.com)

The most important biological attribute is a strong quantitative relationship between indicator concentration and the degree of public health risk. (nationalacademies.org)
1987). An alternative means of demonstrating the relationship to health risk is through correlation between prospective indicator concentration and pathogen levels (Gerba et al. (nationalacademies.org)

The presented method should be helpful in order to identify appropriate countermeasures, treatments, or disinfectants when confronted with bacterial pathogens in the VBNC state. (frontiersin.org)

Immunological methods using monoclonal antibodies can be used to detect indicator bacteria in water samples. (wikipedia.org)

To design and prioritize effective food safety including the analysis of outbreak data, case-control stud- interventions, we must be able to perform food attribu- ies, microbial subtyping and source tracking methods, and tion--that is, identify which foods are vehicles for specific expert judgment, among others. (cdc.gov)
VBNC pathogens can potentially present a serious risk to human health as they are invisible to routine microbiological culture-based methods. (frontiersin.org)
More importantly, a variety of new methods are becoming increasingly available, providing several options for measuring each indicator group. (nationalacademies.org)
Box 4-2 lists desirable biological attributes of indicators and Box 4-3 lists desirable attributes of methods. (nationalacademies.org)
Mamina L.V. Metodika ocenki sostojanija rekreacionnyh vodoemov urbanizirovannyh territorij: sani-tarno-gigienicheskij aspekt [Methods for the assessment of conditions of the recreation water reservoirs at the urban lands: sanitary and hygienic aspect]. (fcrisk.ru)

Microbial water quality indicators are used in a variety of ways within public health risk assessment frameworks, including assessment of potential hazard, exposure assessment, contaminant source identification, and evaluating effectiveness of risk reduction actions. (nationalacademies.org)
Our results show that although pOXA-48_K8 produced an overall reduction in bacterial fitness, it produced small effects in most bacterial hosts, and even beneficial effects in several isolates. (nature.com)

Historical clues and physical examination findings may suggest a causative pathogen, but the clinical signs and symptoms of CAP are not sufficiently specific to reliably differentiate the exact etiologic agent. (medscape.com)

Investigators will develop a context-specific healthcare facility assessment tool to evaluate current antibiotic stewardship practices and needs across multiple institutions in various countries and regions globally. (cdc.gov)

Monitoring programs for pathogens or surrogates could potentially aid in the accomplishment of these goals. (scienceopen.com)

Sub-objective 3.A. Conduct laboratory microcosm experiments to manipulate soil biodiversity and measure die-off rates of dairy manure-borne pathogens. (usda.gov)

Biofilms are increasingly recognised as the predominant mode of bacterial growth including within medical, engineered, and environmental contexts. (southampton.ac.uk)
We discovered that exogenous nitric oxide can act as a signal for the dispersal of bacterial biofilms. (southampton.ac.uk)

I INTRODUCTION It is now possible to monitor sewage systems for pathogen occurrence in a community. (scienceopen.com)

1. JenkinsonHF, LamontRJ (2005) Oral microbial communities in sickness and in health. (prelekara.sk)
Incorporating our fitness results into a simple population dynamics model revealed a new set of conditions for plasmid stability in bacterial communities, with plasmid persistence increasing with bacterial diversity and becoming less dependent on conjugation. (nature.com)
These results help to explain the high prevalence of plasmids in the greatly diverse natural microbial communities. (nature.com)

Further study is needed to consider how relevant each measure is to capturing hot spots for the evolution and dissemination of AMR in the environment and as indicators of AMR-associated human health risk. (bvsalud.org)

When wounds are not managed well, such as with ineffective wound bed preparation, the bacteria can begin to replicate and proliferate. (woundsource.com)

The variety and often low concentrations of pathogens in environmental waters makes them difficult to test for individually. (wikipedia.org)
Population growth and changing climate are expected to increase human exposure to pathogens in tropical coastal waters. (bvsalud.org)
Such microbial growth in non-carbonated bottled waters is a well-known fact, but the composition of the bottled water microbiota and its post-bottling dynamics have thus far been investigated by molecular techniques in only two natural mineral waters [ 2 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The modeled median risk from all pathogens in river samples was between 0.345 and 0.577, 10-fold above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) benchmark of 0.036 (36 illnesses/1,000 swimmers). (bvsalud.org)

The global surge in Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria is an issue of great concern. (bvsalud.org)

Multivariate analysis grouped microbial observations by subwatershed and season in river samples but only by subwatershed in the ocean. (bvsalud.org)

Objective 3: Characterize soil biodiversity and manure pathogen dynamics and interactions. (usda.gov)
Sub-objective 3.B. Conduct field studies relating agricultural cultivation practices to soil biodiversity and die-off rates of manure-related pathogens. (usda.gov)
C-13 PLFAs: a key to open the soil microbial black box? (hutton.ac.uk)

El número de bacterias aeróbicas totales, bacterias coliformes, levaduras y mohos y Staphylococcus y Micrococcus spp. (produccioncientificaluz.org)

Each gram of human feces contains approximately ~100 billion (1×1011) bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
Oral malodor from the overgrowth of proteolytic, anaerobic gram-negative bacteria on the crevices of the tongue dorsum can be successfully diagnosed and treated. (medscape.com)

To assess water quality and water security in rural and urban areas of southern Brazil, a quantitative, retrospective analysis of water samples collected monthly by the Brazilian health authorities (19,687 samples from 2013 to 2021) was performed. (iwaponline.com)
The article provides the assessment of the microbiological values of water bodies if they are used for recreational purposes and distinguishes the epidemiologically significant parameters. (fcrisk.ru)
Bojcov A.G., Lastovka O.N., Kashkarova G.P., Blagova O.E. Ocenka kachestva vody po biologicheskim pokazateljam: puti sovershenstvovanija [Water quality assessment under the biological indicators: the ways of improvement]. (fcrisk.ru)
Drozdova E.V., Buraja V.V., Kozlova T.O., Firago A.V. Rezul'taty gigienicheskoj ocenki vody vodnyh ob#ektov v zonah rekreacii po mikrobiologicheskim pokazateljam kak osnova dlja nauchnogo obosnovanija indikatornyh pokazatelej bezopasnosti [Results of the hygienic assessment of water of water bodies in the recrea-tion areas under the microbiological indicators as the basis for the scientific justification of the indicative safety values]. (fcrisk.ru)
Yet, the compositions of bottled water microbiota and organic substrates that fuel microbial activity, and how both change after bottling, are still largely unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
The latest EU Directive 2009/54/EC defines natural mineral water as microbiologically wholesome water of underground origin that is protected from all risk of pollution and can be clearly distinguished from other types of drinking water, e.g., by its characteristic content of minerals and trace elements. (biomedcentral.com)
A persistent question that has puzzled researchers for decades is what substrates in bottled water may fuel the observed sudden microbial growth [ 8 ]? (biomedcentral.com)
It is essential to carry out total health risk assessment in the safety management of drinking water quality. (scirp.org)
Through the health risk degree assessment of drinking water source, the comprehensive conclusion of water source quality, which is represented by the risk degree of health hazard, can be got directly. (scirp.org)

These findings underscore the genetic variation inherent to this important indicator organism. (lpelc.org)

Listeria monocytogenes represents high risk for consumers, since it can grow under refrigeration and acidic environments by developing acid tolerance response (ATR). (iospress.com)

These data emphasize the need for further research regarding the characteristics of bacterial pathogens in the VBNC state and present the advantages and high-throughput capabilities of ATP determinations to investigate tolerance of VBNC pathogens to antimicrobials. (frontiersin.org)
Risk factor analysis was done using data on bacterial carriage and participant characteristics from a cross-sectional study that enrolled 302 children aged 12-24 months living in urban or semi-rural areas of Indonesia. (biomedcentral.com)

2019. An assessment of the multifunctionality of integrated buffer zones in Northwestern Europe . (hutton.ac.uk)

Sunlight generally accelerated decay, and shade reduced somatic coliphage decay to the lowest level among all the indicators. (bvsalud.org)

However, the origin of the pathogen and its host range remain largely unknown. (researchgate.net)
However, plasmid fitness effects in wild-type bacterial hosts remain largely unexplored. (nature.com)
These examples do not necessarily replicate plasmid fitness effects in natural bacterial hosts, which remain largely unexplored. (nature.com)

These chromogenic compounds are modified to change color or fluorescence by the addition of either enzymes or specific bacterial metabolites. (wikipedia.org)
The role of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in producing bacteria that colonize the dorsal surface of the tongue was recently understood as a primary cause of halitosis (bad breath). (medscape.com)

We isolated and named this phage, showed that it becomes superinfective to its host during biofilm development, and found that it plays a role in phenotypic diversification of biofilm bacteria. (southampton.ac.uk)

Addressing those 'big questions' of high societal relevance have the merit of creating high visibility and also funding opportunities, however, classic comparative physiology and biochemistry is running the risk of becoming marginalized in this process, if the underlying physiological and biochemical processes cannot be visualized accordingly. (easychair.org)

and reduce pathogens and losses of nutrients. (usda.gov)
human gut microbiome, data repositories, large-scale and integrative computational tools, modelling, immunomodulation, drug screening Background The human gastrointestinal tract is a complex ecosystem in which eukaryotic cells continuously interact with nutrients and with the complex microbial population of the gut microbiota [1]. (deepdyve.com)

Organisms6

Chemicals and Drugs3

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes1

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science1

Health Care6

Infection10

Escherichia7

Pathogenic6

Contamination13

Antibiotics12

Infections8

Strains1

Foodborne pathogens2

Enteric pathogens1

Respiratory pathogens2

Organisms6

Contaminants1

Detection6

Fecal4

Populations4

Ecology1

Coliforms2

Species4

Coliphages4

Viruses5

Viral3

Metabolism3

Pathways2

Biofilm formation2

Coli3

Pseudomonas2

Viability2

Pneumoniae4

QMRA3

Concentration2

Disinfectants1

Detect1

Methods5

Reduction2

Clinical1

Antibiotic1

Potentially1

Laboratory1

Biofilms2

Occurrence1

Communities3

Evolution1

Ineffective1

Waters3

Illnesses1

Multidrug1

Multivariate1

Soil3

Staphylococcus1

Gram2

Water9

Organism1

Listeria1

Characteristics2

20191

Somatic1

Remain largely3

Compounds2

Phenotypic1

Underlying physiological1

Nutrients2