Bacterial etiology bacterial or viral infections. Medical search. Frequent questions

Results demonstrated no single etiology, but bacterial and viral pathogens (including mixed co-infections) were detected. (cdc.gov)
Pathological inflammation is worsened by chronic bacterial lung infections and susceptibility to recurrent acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD), typically caused by viral and/or bacterial respiratory pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
Acute respiratory infections caused by bacterial or viral pathogens are among the most common reasons for seeking medical care. (duke.edu)
Risk factors for infection with multidrug-resistant pathogens include antibiotic therapy within the preceding 90 days, a high incidence of antibiotic resistance in the community or facility, chronic hemodialysis, and immunosuppression. (aafp.org)
Effectively suppresses the action of influenza viruses and other pathogens of acute respiratory viral infections due to the direct (inhibitory) effect on the process of viral penetration through the cell membrane. (rxeli.com)
Multiple pathogens can cause healthcare-associated fungal meningitis, and infections may involve multiple pathogens at once. (cdc.gov)
Acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRIs) are common and frequent group of diseases caused by a wide range of pathogens (viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites) in which the possible anatomic site(s) extend from the trachea to the alveoli. (scirp.org)
Samples were sent to central laboratories and batch analysed for bacterial and viral gastrointestinal pathogens that are commonly associated with diarrhoea. (who.int)

Final diagnosis: encephalitis of unknown etiology. (euroimmunblog.com)

In this prospective study, the authors assessed the incidence, aetiology, and outcome of patients with community-acquired pneumonia in the general population. (ersjournals.com)
Childhood community-acquired pneumonia is a common illness, but there have been relatively few comprehensive studies of the viral and bacterial etiology in developed countries. (nih.gov)
The aim of the present investigation was to determine the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized children by several laboratory methods. (nih.gov)
In a 3-year prospective study a nasopharyngeal aspirate for viral studies and acute and convalescent serum samples for viral and bacterial serology were taken from 254 children with symptoms of acute infection and infiltrates compatible with pneumonia in the chest radiograph. (nih.gov)
With effective immunization for S. pneumoniae and respiratory syncytial virus infections, more than one-half of the pneumonia cases in this study could have been prevented. (nih.gov)
The module, when used correctly, is effective in treating the following diseases: any acute infectious diseases such as influenza, acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory infections, pneumonia and - etc., chronic and recurrent infections, latent infectious and parasitic diseases. (kalinka-store.com)
We assessed the usefulness of procalcitonin (PCT) and interferon-alpha (IFN- α ) in differentiating viral from bacterial pneumonia. (fiocruz.br)
Aspects of treatment of lower respiratory tract infections in terms of clinical guidelines of different countries (bronchiolitis, bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia) by: S.O. Kramarov, et al. (uitm.edu.my)
Studies on the effects of viral coinfection on bacterial pneumonia are still scarce in South Korea. (accjournal.org)
Respiratory viruses can be causes of pneumonia by themselves, or they can be a leading factor for progressing to bacterial pneumonia or coinfection with bacteria [ 5 ]. (accjournal.org)
Pneumonia is the second most common cause of infection in nursing home residents, and is associated with notable morbidity and mortality. (aafp.org)
Nursing home-acquired pneumonia is usually bacterial in origin, although the specific microbiologic cause is often not identified. (aafp.org)
However, in severe cases of nursing home-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization and mechanical ventilation, the rates of infection with Staphylococcus aureus and enteric gram-negative organisms appear to exceed those of S. pneumoniae . (aafp.org)
Nursing home-acquired pneumonia can also be caused by viral infection ( Table 1 5 - 12 ). (aafp.org)
Influenza predisposes patients to a secondary bacterial pneumonia. (aafp.org)
The term ALRI included: acute broncho-pneumonia for bacterial infections, bronchiolitis for viral infections, pneumonia and pleuro-pneumonia. (scirp.org)

Here, we review emerging mechanisms into why COPD patients are susceptible to chronic bacterial infections and highlight dysregulated inflammation and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as central causes. (frontiersin.org)
This underlying chronic infection leaves COPD patients particularly vulnerable to acute viral infections, which further destabilize host immunity to bacteria. (frontiersin.org)
Swelling without pain and without infection also consitutes a form of parotitis, which may be acute or chronic. (health-care-articles.info)
It allows you to effectively treat both acute and chronic diseases, in the etiology and pathogenesis of which parasitic, bacterial and viral infections play a significant role. (kalinka-store.com)
Treatment of suspected bacterial infection is with antibiotics, such as amoxicillin /clavulanate or doxycycline , given for 5 to 7 days for acute sinusitis and for up to 6 weeks for chronic sinusitis. (merckmanuals.com)
In a few cases, chronic maxillary sinusitis is secondary to dental infection. (merckmanuals.com)
Fungal infections ( Aspergillus , Sporothrix , Pseudallescheria ) may be chronic and tend to strike older and immunocompromised patients. (merckmanuals.com)
such as for example and continues to be examined using several pets contaminated or normally experimentally, and Helicobacter an infection continues to be discovered to induce chronic energetic hepatitis, biliary and hepatocellular tract carcinomas, typhlocolitis, and decrease colon cancer in susceptible strains of inbred and Fluopyram engineered mice[29-39] genetically. (baxkyardgardener.com)
may set up a chronic an infection in A/JCr mice by colonizing the low colon and, sporadically, the liver organ, in the bile canaliculi[40] particularly. (baxkyardgardener.com)
1- A 1-year-old boy with a history of many bacterial, viral and fungal infections presents to his physician with chronic diarrhea. (pdfcoffee.com)

Fungal infections are rare in the U.K. (vin.com)
Sinusitis Sinusitis is inflammation of the paranasal sinuses due to viral, bacterial, or fungal infections or allergic reactions. (msdmanuals.com)
2. Recognize the clinical manifestations of bacterial, viral and fungal infections. (dentalacademyofce.com)

Those guidelines highlighted the prevalence and morbidity of chlamydial infections and stressed the need to include antibiotics effective against chlamydia when treating patients for urethritis, mucopurulent cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. (cdc.gov)
AECOPD triggered by a bacterial and viral co-infection increases circulating levels of the systemic inflammatory marker, serum amyloid A (SAA). (frontiersin.org)
Bacterial tracheitis is a diffuse inflammatory process of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi with adherent or semiadherent mucopurulent membranes within the trachea. (medscape.com)
The characteristics of stool, such as whether it is watery, bloody, mucoid, purulent or bilious, are important for classifying the aetiology of acute diarrhoea as non-inflammatory (mostly due to a viral infection) or inflammatory (mostly due to an invasive or toxin-producing bacterial infection). (bmj.com)
Any clinical presentation that may suggest an underlying aetiology (e.g. a systemic inflammatory disease) or with at least one predictor of poor prognosis (major or minor risk factors) warrants hospital admission and an aetiology search. (escardio.org)

Acute Bacterial Meningitis Acute bacterial meningitis is rapidly progressive bacterial infection of the meninges and subarachnoid space. (msdmanuals.com)
Meningitis is the leading infectious syndrome that affects the central nervous system, and most cases are caused by viral infections, mainly enterovirus. (bvsalud.org)
The clinical diagnosis for meningitis etiology still presents major challenges. (bvsalud.org)
enterovirus, cerebrospinal fluid, viral meningitis. (bvsalud.org)
There are more than 100 into bacterial meningitis and aseptic meningitis1,2. (bvsalud.org)
Viral meningitis can occur in people of all present nonspecific symptoms, such as headache, ages, but it is more common in children5,6. (bvsalud.org)
viral meningitis are caused by enterovirus. (bvsalud.org)
It is noteworthy that the initial clinical infections can present high morbidity and low presentations of viral meningitis and bacterial mortality rates. (bvsalud.org)
73 (25%) patients were diagnosed with SBI: 58 (79.5%) urinary tract infections, 13 (17.8%) occult bacteriemias, 8 (11.0%) meningitis, 3 (4.1%) pneumoniae, and 6 (8.2%) bacterial gastroenteritis. (pediatriconcall.com)

Cases usually occur in the fall or winter months, mimicking the epidemiology of viral croup. (medscape.com)
In practice, viral detection using multiplex PCR is becoming increasingly used, it is most useful to understand the epidemiology and impact of viruses on the pediatric population b. (uitm.edu.my)

however, patients with bacterial tracheitis do not respond to standard croup therapy (racemic epinephrine) and instead require treatment with antibiotics and may experience acute respiratory decompensation. (medscape.com)
1 , 2 For ARTIs such as acute bronchitis, sinusitis and pharyngitis that are predominantly viral, antibiotics confer little or no benefit for reducing risks of serious complications, nor significantly reduce time to symptom resolution. (bmj.com)

12,16 The increased mortality is due to a higher rate of bacterial superinfection and sepsis. (uspharmacist.com)

Post-infectious glomerulonephritis can also be caused by bacterial or viral infections. (wikipedia.org)
Except in patients with a tracheostomy or an endotracheal tube, bacterial tracheitis is an uncommon infectious cause of acute upper airway obstruction. (medscape.com)
ABSTRACT A cross-sectional hospital-based study was carried out at Tikrit teaching hospital, Iraq, from October 2004 to September 2005, to identify the prevalence and etiology of nosocomial infectious diarrhoea among children under 5 years of age. (who.int)
3. Summarize the etiology, treatment, and prognosis of each infectious disease presented. (dentalacademyofce.com)
the annexin a2 heterotetramer (a2t) has been shown to mediate infectious hpv type 16 (hpv16) uptake by human keratinocytes, and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (slpi), an endogenous a2t ligand, inhibits hpv16 uptake and infection. (liverpool.ac.uk)
herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) are common infectious agents worldwide and the primary infection of hsv remains a major problem in the pregnant women in china nowadays. (liverpool.ac.uk)
diversity and combinations of infectious agents in 38 adults with an infection-triggered reactive haemophagocytic syndrome: a multicenter study. (liverpool.ac.uk)
However the latest theories regarding the etiology involve a reactive rather than a neoplastic or infectious process [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Reduces acute clinical manifestations of viral intoxication, helps to reduce the duration of the disease. (rxeli.com)

analgesics are commonly prescribed by in- jection for upper respiratory tract infections, The study was conducted in urban and rural diarrhoea, fever or general fatigue [ 3 ]. (who.int)
3 Despite this, little is known about the etiology of diarrhoea in Papua New Guinea because of a lack of laboratory facilities and human resources to support the necessary microbiologic analysis. (who.int)

The consensus H3 vaccine elicited broadly active hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies against divergent swine H3N2 influenza viruses including human H3N2 variant of concern, and strains belong to genetic clusters IV, IV-A, IV-B, IV-C, IV-D and IV-F. Importantly, vaccinated pigs were completely protected against challenge with a clinical swine H3N2 isolate in that neither viral shedding nor replication in lungs of vaccinated pigs were observed. (bvsalud.org)
A comparative analysis of tropism and pathogenesis of these two related seven-segmented influenza viruses revealed that swIDV-infected animals exhibited broad tissue tropism with an increased rate of shedding on 3, 5, and 7 dpi and high viral loads in the lungs compared to huICV. (bvsalud.org)
In summary, the replication kinetics and pathobiological characteristics of ICV in guinea pigs agree with the clinical manifestation of ICV infection in humans, and hence guinea pigs could be used to study these distantly related influenza viruses. (bvsalud.org)
IMPORTANCE Similar to influenza A and B, ICV infections are seen associated with bacterial and viral co-infections which complicates the assessment of its real clinical significance. (bvsalud.org)
Acute sinusitis in immunocompetent patients in the community is almost always viral (eg, rhinovirus, influenza, parainfluenza). (merckmanuals.com)
Indications of the drug Amizone® Treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections, incl. (rxeli.com)

Bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections can cause symptoms, though bacterial sources represent the most frequent etiology. (statpearls.com)
A proven or suspected infection on the presentation with Mycobacterial ,parasitic or fungal (e.g. (who.int)

reactive haemophagocytic syndrome (hs) is a rare condition that occurs in patients with infections, haematological malignancies or autoimmune diseases. (liverpool.ac.uk)
the incidence of trichomonas vaginalis infection in women attending nine sexually transmitted diseases clinics in the usa. (liverpool.ac.uk)

2 EM is classified as a type III or type IV hypersensitivity reaction to certain drugs or to infections ( TABLE 2 ) including herpes, tuberculosis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae , and histoplasmosis. (uspharmacist.com)
Hospital-acquired acute infections are more often bacterial, typically involving Staphylococcus aureus , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Proteus mirabilis, and Enterobacter . (merckmanuals.com)

Infection by this organism is insidious -- symptoms are absent or minor among most infected women and many men. (cdc.gov)
The pathogeneses of bacterial and viral exacerbations are significant as clinical symptoms are more severe and there is a marked increase in neutrophilic inflammation and tissue damage. (frontiersin.org)
Therewith, the clinical and serological image of Knut's disease fulfilled all criteria which have to be met for a definite diagnosis of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in humans: 1) clinical symptoms of encephalitis (e. g. epileptic seizures, reduced level of consciousness, cognitive changes), 2) evidence for brain inflammation, 3) exclusion of other causes for encephalitis, e. g. bacterial or viral infection, 4) presence of autoantibodies against NMDA receptor. (euroimmunblog.com)

Treatment of presumed viral acute rhinitis includes steam inhalation and topical or systemic vasoconstrictors. (merckmanuals.com)

The incidence of bacterial transmission depends on the blood product and also on the definition of the cases. (medscape.com)
[ 4 , 6 ] The higher incidence of bacterial transmission via platelets has been attributed to the difference in storage temperatures. (medscape.com)
Neutrophils play a vital role in protecting against infection, so the duration and severity of neutropenia directly correlate with the total incidence of all infections, including those that are life threatening. (medscape.com)

Aetiology was investigated for 9 viruses and 4 atypical and 3 typical bacteria. (fiocruz.br)
The medical records of CAP patients with definite etiology, such as viruses and bacteria, were retrospectively reviewed. (accjournal.org)
A characteristic feature of Azoximer bromide when applied topically (sublingually) is the ability to activate the factors of early protection of the body against infection: the drug stimulates the bactericidal properties of neutrophils, macrophages, enhances their ability to absorb bacteria, increases the bactericidal properties of saliva and mucous secretion of the upper respiratory tract. (rxeli.com)
Viruses or even bacteria can be allergens as they can trigger a reaction unrelated to their normal viral or bacterial influence in the body (Haith, 2005). (ceufast.com)

Other patients can experience: Decreased urine output Hematuria Microscopic or gross Proteinuria Which will present as frothy urine Pedal edema Swelling of the feet and ankles If a patient has DPGN due to IgA nephropathy (Berger Disease) then they can experience flank pain, gross hematuria, and upper respiratory infections. (wikipedia.org)

Complement-mediated urticarias include viral and bacterial infections, serum sickness , and transfusion reactions . (medscape.com)
Healthcare providers can consider ordering bacterial and fungal cultures of CSF fluid, as well as serum and CSF levels of (1,3)-beta-D-glucan. (cdc.gov)

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) induces immune dysfunction that often results in a secondary bacterial infection in the infected animals. (bvsalud.org)
A small percentage develop secondary bacterial infection with streptococci, pneumococci, Haemophilus influenzae , Moraxella catarrhalis, or staphylococci. (merckmanuals.com)
Restores immunity in secondary immunodeficiency states caused by various infections, injuries, complications after surgical operations. (rxeli.com)
Spinal infections can also develop postoperatively and most often develop secondary to direct inoculation of the wound. (wheelessonline.com)
Primary spinal infections are described as infections of the vertebrae that are not secondary to an operation. (wheelessonline.com)

Azoximer bromide increases the body's resistance to local and generalized infections of bacterial, fungal and viral etiology. (rxeli.com)
Increases the body's resistance to viral infections. (rxeli.com)

Gram-positive organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species are the most commonly isolated organisms in patients with pyogenic vertebral infections. (wheelessonline.com)

Streptococcal throat or skin infection is most commonly seen as the origin if glomerulonephritis is going to be caused by an infection. (wikipedia.org)
The organisms are commonly bacterial (possibly as part of a biofilm on the mucosal surface) but may be fungal. (merckmanuals.com)
Such infections commonly originate from elsewhere in the body and spread to the spine and its musculoskeletal components. (wheelessonline.com)
The virus infections spread readily within the team, most commonly within the same sport discipline. (bmj.com)

Although the pathogenesis of bacterial tracheitis is unclear, mucosal damage or impairment of local immune mechanisms due to a preceding viral infection, an injury to the trachea from recent intubation, or trauma may predispose the airway to invasive infection with common pyogenic organisms. (medscape.com)
Infection usually is caused by bacterial organisms, but can also be due to viral or fungal organisms. (wheelessonline.com)

More than 4 million chlamydial infections occur annually (2,3). (cdc.gov)
Aetiologies may vary but there are common denominators in both the principles of treatment and the disastrous outcome which can occur only too frequently. (vin.com)
13 , 14 Physicians should suspect viral etiologies from late fall through early spring, and whenever outbreaks of respiratory infection occur. (aafp.org)

Viral-bacterial coinfection showed a worse prognosis than bacterial infection alone in patients with CAP. (accjournal.org)
Most patients with acute pericarditis (generally those with presumed viral or idiopathic pericarditis) have a good long-term prognosis [6]. (escardio.org)

The recommended course of treatment, depending on the severity and etiology of the disease, is from 5 to 30 days. (rxeli.com)

Because chlamydial infections are common among adolescents and young adults throughout the United States, health-care providers and other agencies serving these groups should become more involved if a sufficiently large proportion of the chlamydia-infected population is to be reached. (cdc.gov)
Chlamydia trachomatis infections are common in sexually active adolescents and young adults in the United States (CDC, unpublished review). (cdc.gov)
Bacterial tracheitis may be more common in the pediatric patient because of the size and shape of the subglottic airway. (medscape.com)
however, in most cases the clinical have a viral infection as the most common cause of results are not sufficient to allow a specific etiologic the disease3,5,13. (bvsalud.org)
Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are one of the most common reasons for adults presenting to primary care settings in the USA. (bmj.com)
The Host Response to Viral Infections Reveals Common and Virus-Specific Signatures in the Peripheral Blood. (duke.edu)
Type I Diabetes is also known as juvenile onset diabetes or insulin dependent diabetes and it has an autoimmune origin that is very much related to genetic predisposition or other events (a common precipitant for this may be a viral or bacterial infection) that cause a production of antibodies that target the pancreatic cells responsible for making insulin (Beta cells) destroying them. (khanacademy.org)
5 - 12 Common bacterial etiologies are listed in Table 1 . (aafp.org)
polymicrobial infection is common. (merckmanuals.com)
Common risk factors for sinusitis include factors that obstruct normal sinus drainage (eg, allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps, nasogastric or nasotracheal tubes, nasal packing) and immunocompromised states (eg, diabetes, HIV infection). (merckmanuals.com)
The most common primary spinal infection is pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis. (wheelessonline.com)
The most common sources are urinary tract infections and the transient bacteremia caused by genitourinary procedures. (wheelessonline.com)
Regarding clinical management and therapy of acute pericarditis, it is not mandatory to search for the aetiology in all patients, especially in countries with a low prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) because of the relatively benign course associated with the common causes of pericarditis and the relatively low yield of diagnostic investigations [1]. (escardio.org)
The aetiology of the common cold was finally detected in 75% of the athletes and 68 % of the staff members. (bmj.com)
The aetiology of the common cold was identified in most cases. (bmj.com)

The process is often preceded by a viral or bacterial infection, surgery, immunization, lymphoma, or exposure to toxins. (bvsalud.org)

BACKGROUND: Gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infection (BSI) is a serious condition with estimated 30% mortality. (duke.edu)
Compared with viral alone infection, viral-bacterial coinfection was the stronger predictor of 30-day mortality in CAP than bacterial alone infection. (accjournal.org)
1 Fever without a source stands as an important entity, as the etiology can be a viral infection and have a benign evolution or be a manifestation of a serious illness with potential severe consequences, such as important morbidity and mortality 2,3,4 According to age, etiologies vary and consequently the diagnostic and treatment approach differ. (pediatriconcall.com)
In order to contribute to reduction of morbidity and mortality due to low acute respiratory infections in pediatrics, the objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological profile and to identify the factors favoring and those associated with the risk of deceased. (scirp.org)
The mortality determinants were: prematurity, vaccination status and HIV/AIDS infection. (scirp.org)

Despite ongoing efforts to reduce AECOPD rates with inhaled corticosteroids, COPD patients remain at heightened risk of developing serious lung infections/AECOPD, frequently leading to hospitalization and infection-dependent delirium. (frontiersin.org)

Vulnerability to infection is extremely high in patients with agranulocytosis, which is the virtual absence of neutrophils in peripheral blood, with ANC typically lower than 100/μL. (medscape.com)

The patient is assessed for a history of recent upper respiratory infection accompanied by cold sores, pain, central vision loss, the sensation of a foreign body in the eye, use of contact lens, photophobia, and blurred vision. (tabers.com)
In an upper respiratory infection (URI), the swollen nasal mucous membrane obstructs the ostium of a paranasal sinus, and the oxygen in the sinus is absorbed into the blood vessels of the mucous membrane. (merckmanuals.com)

2,3,4,5 An important differential diagnosis in a febrile infant under 3 months of age is a Serious Bacterial Infection (SBI), as this group has a higher risk of SBI than older children, affecting up to 10% of patients, particularly newborns. (pediatriconcall.com)
What is the most likely diagnosis, etiology and treatment? (pdfcoffee.com)

herpes simplex virus downregulation of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor enhances human papillomavirus type 16 infection. (liverpool.ac.uk)
herpes simplex virus (hsv) was originally implicated in the aetiology of cervical cancer, and although high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) is now the accepted causative agent, the epidemiological link between hsv and hpv-associated cancers persists. (liverpool.ac.uk)
herpes simplex virus seroprevalence and seroconversion among active duty us air force members with hiv infection. (liverpool.ac.uk)
herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection is associated with an increased risk of both hiv transmission and acquisition. (liverpool.ac.uk)

Viruses cause a wide spectrum of clinical disease, the majority being acute respiratory infections (ARI). (duke.edu)

The aetiology is complex, but trauma, collagenase activity and bacterial/viral infections are obvious therapeutic considerations. (vin.com)
Three major routes of spread are: (1) hematogenous spread from a distant infection, (2) direct inoculation from trauma, (3) direct inoculation following invasive spinal diagnostic procedures and from spinal surgery. (wheelessonline.com)
Factors that may result in an arise of trauma, bacterial or viral infection, and hormone levels not fully understood can be taken as a possible juvenile idiopathic arthritis cause. (delveinsight.com)
Certain disturbance or imbalance such as a particular type of food, toxin, allergic agent, or any vitamin deficiency that may give rise to trauma, bacterial or viral infection, and hormone levels might play a role in the development of JIA. (delveinsight.com)

Other causes of DPGN are endocarditis, Hepatitis B, and Hepatis C.[citation needed] The etiology plays a role in the specific mechanism of DPGN. (wikipedia.org)
Viral hepatitis A, E. In complex therapy for adults - 250 mg 3 times a day for the first 5 days. (rxeli.com)

[ 3 ] Major causes of acquired neutropenia are infection, drugs (through direct toxicity or immune effects), and autoimmunity. (medscape.com)
Risk factors for infections of the spine involve conditions that weaken the patient's immune system, such conditions include diabetes mellitus, use of immunosuppressant medications, cancer, HIV/AIDS, malnutrition, history of an organ transplant and intravenous drug abuse. (wheelessonline.com)
In particular, viral or bacterial infections, which activate the immune system, may have the potential to encourage the development of Sjögren syndrome in susceptible individuals. (medlineplus.gov)

Parotitis is an inflammation of one or both parotid glands , the major salivary glands located on either side of the face, in humans.Acute suppurative parotitis is a very painful bacterial infection of the gland. (health-care-articles.info)
A pure viral or bacterial infection, an autoimmune inflammation, or a combination of these can be the etiology. (health-care-articles.info)
The causes of anemia are classified as non-nutritional (for example, because of infection, inflammation, blood loss, or genetic disorders) or nutrition-specific (for example, because of deficiencies of iron, vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin B(12), or folate). (cdc.gov)

The prevalence of chlamydial infection also has been higher among those patients who live in inner cities, have a lower socioeconomic status, or are black (5-11). (cdc.gov)
Of 232 patients with aetiological data, 104 had an identifiable aetiology. (ersjournals.com)
Sixty-two percent of the patients had viral infection, 53% had bacterial infection and 30% had evidence of concomitant viral-bacterial infection. (nih.gov)
A dual viral infection was detected in 35 patients, and a dual bacterial infection was detected in 19 patients. (nih.gov)
Obtain bacterial culture and Gram staining of tracheal secretions and blood cultures in patients with suspected bacterial tracheitis. (medscape.com)
Eight patients had bacteraemic infections, 38 had non-bacteraemic typical infections, and 19 patients had atypical bacterial infections. (fiocruz.br)
Three patients with bacterial infection without collected blood culture were excluded. (fiocruz.br)
Among 150 study subjects, 68 patients (45.3%) had viral infection alone, 47 (31.3%) had bacterial infection alone, and 35 (23.3%) had viral-bacterial coinfection, respectively. (accjournal.org)
Viral-bacterial coinfection was significantly more frequent in elderly patients over 65 than both viral alone and bacterial alone infection. (accjournal.org)
is an aggressive, sometimes fatal, infection in immunocompromised patients, usually caused by Aspergillus or Mucor species. (merckmanuals.com)
patients were included in the present study if hs was solely due to one or more infections. (liverpool.ac.uk)
5,14 That prevalence of this infection increases with age is possibly due to a number of factors: the increasing age of the population, increasing number of patients on renal replacement therapy, increasing number of patients with immunosuppressive medications and increasing rates of bacteremia due to intravascular devices and other forms of instrumentation. (wheelessonline.com)
In patients identified with a cause other than viral infection, specific therapy appropriate to the underlying disorder is indicated, and the epidemiological background (high vs. low prevalence of TB) should be considered [3]. (escardio.org)

Variation in the type and frequency of postoperative invasive Staphylococcus aureus infections according to type of surgical procedure. (duke.edu)
OBJECTIVE: To determine the epidemiological characteristics of postoperative invasive Staphylococcus aureus infection following 4 types of major surgical procedures.design. (duke.edu)

Another major consequence of susceptibility to infection is that people with underlying severe disease frequently develop acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). (frontiersin.org)

It is an allergic response to the presence of topical fungi, often Aspergillus, and is not caused by an invasive infection. (merckmanuals.com)

we evaluated longitudinal hsv serology and sexually transmitted infections (stis) among active duty us air force (usaf) members with hiv infection. (liverpool.ac.uk)

These contrasting prices are partially described by distinctions in the prevalence of risk elements of the disease, such as for example population genetics, physical and environmental elements, cholelithiasis, weight problems, and parity, aswell as endemic an infection with liver organ flukes such as for example or spp. (baxkyardgardener.com)

A fungal etiology is suspected based on elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the fungal biomarker (1,3)-beta-D-glucan in at least one patient. (cdc.gov)

Vertebral osteomyelitis refers to an infection of the vertebral bones in the spine. (wheelessonline.com)
Osteomyelitis following hematogenous spread of infection is the major mechanism by which adults and children contract vertebral osteomyelitis. (wheelessonline.com)

Peripheral blood T cells response in human parainfluenza virus-associated lower respiratory tract infection in children by: Aisha Gul, et al. (uitm.edu.my)

Objective To explore clinicians views of the barriers and facilitators to use of C-reactive protein (CRP) point-of-care tests (POCT) in US family medicine clinics for the management of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in adults. (bmj.com)
This is the first study to explore clinician attitudes towards C reactive protein point-of-care tests (CRP POCT) for acute respiratory infections in adults in US primary care settings. (bmj.com)

In 1985, CDC published Policy Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Chlamydia trachomatis infections (1). (cdc.gov)
In addition, these recommendations propose a national strategy for reducing the morbidity of chlamydial infections by detection and treatment and through the prevention of transmission to uninfected persons. (cdc.gov)

Spinal infections involve pyogenic or granulomatous infections of the vertebral column, intervertebral discs, the dural sac or the epidural space. (wheelessonline.com)

Through education, screening, partner referral, and proper patient care, public health workers and health-care practitioners can combine efforts to decrease the morbidity and costs resulting from this infection. (cdc.gov)

Recurring parotitis, an unpleasant and distressing condition, is managed conservatively in most instances but occasionally requires surgery to end the frequent and severe episodes of infection. (health-care-articles.info)

Population genetics, environmental and geographical factors, cholelithiasis, weight problems, parity, and endemic an infection with liver organ flukes have already been defined as risk elements that influence the introduction of biliary tract tumors. (baxkyardgardener.com)

Anatomy25

Organisms53

Diseases64

Chemicals and Drugs48

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes43

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science5

Named Groups1

Health Care8

Pathogens8

Unknown etiology1

Pneumonia16

Chronic10

Fungal infections3

Inflammatory5

Meningitis9

Epidemiology2

Antibiotics2

Sepsis1

Infectious8

Clinical manifestations1

Diarrhoea2

Influenza6

Parasitic2

Diseases2

Pneumoniae2

Symptoms3

Systemic1

Incidence3

Bacteria4

Upper respirator1

Serum2

Secondary5

Body's resistance2

Streptococcus1

Commonly4

Organisms2

Occur3

Prognosis2

Severity1

Common15

Immunization1

Mortality5

Hospitalization1

Typically1

Respiratory infection2

Diagnosis2

Herpes simplex4

Viruses1

Trauma4

Hepatitis2

Immune3

Inflammation3

Patients13

Staphylococcus2

Exacerbations1

Invasive1

Serology1

Prevalence1

Cerebrospinal1

Osteomyelitis2

Lower respi1

Reactive2

Prevention2

Epidural1

Morbidity1

Frequent1

Organ1