Bacterial enzyme protein complexes carrier proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

In order to evoke an appropriate immune response, vaccines against these bacteria consist of capsule linked to a protein carrier forming a glycoprotein or glycoconjugate. (ukri.org)
In comparison with similar proteins that build the cytoskeleton of bacteria, which are evolutionary older and simpler cells, the researchers found fundamental differences in the protein folding. (mpg.de)
Hence, bacterial population genetic research was originated by population geneticists interested in bacteria, rather than bacterial geneticists or medical microbiologists interested in population genetics ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Researchers have developed models of bacterial outer membranes that can help develop better antibiotics to fight antibiotic-resistant bacteria. (phys.org)
An enzyme found primarily in BACTERIA and FUNGI that catalyzes the oxidation of ammonium hydroxide to nitrite. (lookformedical.com)
Cells of CF carriers only let in a few bacteria. (rickilewis.com)
The CusB protein is part of the CusCBA periplasmic Cu(I) efflux system in Gram-negative bacteria, and it was recently reported to play a key role in the functioning of the whole CusCBA system, in which conformational changes as well as the assembly/disassembly process control the opening of the transporter. (biorxiv.org)
Some bacteria have the bioY gene clustering with bioB , which encodes biotin synthase, an enzyme that converts dethiobiotin to biotin. (tcdb.org)
2009 have a dedicated energizing module, but in 459 cases distributed among almost 100 gram-positive bacteria, different and unrelated substrate capture proteins share the same energy-coupling module. (tcdb.org)

This complex binds tightly to the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase known as InhA, thereby blocking the natural enoyl-AcpM substrate and the action of fatty acid synthase. (genaxxon.com)
The team obtained the first three-dimensional atomic model of the E1-like sulfurtransferase, Uba4, with its bound substrate, the Ubiquitin-like protein (UBL), Urm1. (fnp.org.pl)
The crystal structure of the Uba4-Urm1 complex provides molecular insights into substrate recognition and the enzymatic reaction cascade. (fnp.org.pl)
X-ray crystallography was used to investigate this complex enzymatic process, which showed Orf1 has two substrate-binding sites that sit 13.5 Å apart unlike canonical FAD-dependent oxidoreductases. (hokudai.ac.jp)
In general, enzymes using NADH or NADPH to reduce a substrate are classified according to the reverse reaction, in which NAD+ or NADP+ is formally regarded as an acceptor. (lookformedical.com)
LysR substrate binding domain, Bacterial regulatory helix-turn-helix protein [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
2009 identified 21 families of these substrate capture proteins, each with a different specificity predicted by genome context analyses. (tcdb.org)
Each enzyme works only on one specific substance (called the substrate). (nih.gov)

In the current study, the researchers found that increasing vesicle concentration could be useful in making components for protein therapeutics such as conjugate vaccines, which work by attaching a sugar unit -- which is unique to a pathogen -- to a carrier protein. (scienceboard.net)
We have recently identified and characterised a gene cluster (pgl) which is responsible for the synthesis of glycoproteins in the bacterial food-borne pathogen, Campylobacter jejuni. (ukri.org)
In this study we describe the in vivo biosynthesis of two novel conjugate vaccine candidates against Shigella dysenteriae type 1, an important bacterial pathogen causing severe gastro-intestinal disease states mainly in developing countries. (biomedcentral.com)

The mycobacterial cell envelope consists of a typical plasma membrane, surrounded by a complex cell wall and a lipid-rich outer membrane. (bvsalud.org)

Proteins are first digested in the stomach, where pepsinogens, which are activated to pepsins by a pH of less than 4, hydrolyze them in large molecular weight peptides. (medscape.com)
With over 25 years of peptide manufacturing experience, AnaSpec is your trusted source of highly complex peptides. (anaspec.com)
Peptide epimerase-dehydratase complex responsible for biosynthesis of the linaridin class ribosomal peptides. (hokudai.ac.jp)
Furthermore, we demonstrated that GrmH/GrmL complex accepted salinipeptin and cypemycin precursor peptides, which possess three additional amino acids. (hokudai.ac.jp)
Chymotrypsin -- An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis (the breakdown) of proteins into peptides or amino acids in the small intestine. (nih.gov)

An inexpensive, rapid and flexible method for glycoconjugate vaccine production would enable a more effective response to the emergence of new pathogenic bacterial strains with different capsule structures. (ukri.org)
Because serotype analysis of relatively few surface structures does not provide robust data for estimating overall levels of chromosomal diversity and relationships among strains, the primary research tool used to examine the population genetics of emerging bacterial pathogens has been multilocus enzyme electrophoresis ( 10 , 11 ). (cdc.gov)

A cocktail of five recombinant proteins optimized for conserved GI nematode targets was used immunize pigs and test for active antibody responses in both the serum and intestinal ileal fluid of immunized pigs. (frontiersin.org)

To ascertain if the specificity of the natural and mutated PglBs have been altered we will test separate capsular polysaccharides from the important pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae and Burkholderia pseudomallei to determine if the respective capsules can now be coupled/conjugated to an appropriate carrier protein. (ukri.org)
Population genetic theory and tools and related strategies have been used to investigate bacterial pathogens that have contributed to recent episodes of temporal variation in disease frequency and severity. (cdc.gov)
Continued new insights into host-parasite interactions at the molecular level will be achieved by combining clonal analysis of bacterial pathogens with large-scale comparative sequencing of virulence genes. (cdc.gov)
Population genetic study of bacterial pathogens arose largely as an offshoot of research designed to address questions of longstanding interest to students of the molecular evolutionary processes in higher eukaryotic organisms. (cdc.gov)
Early work on the clonal nature of bacterial pathogens was conducted largely with Escherichia coli , through a framework supplied by serotyping of one or a few polymorphic surface antigens ( 7 , 8 ). (cdc.gov)
The tango between us and our pathogens is more complex than illnesses that cancel each other out. (rickilewis.com)
A person with full-blown CF won't get cholera, while a CF carrier, with enough working chloride channels to breathe okay, but not enough to welcome toxin-spewing pathogens, suffers neither disease. (rickilewis.com)
Conjugate vaccines in which polysaccharide antigens are covalently linked to carrier proteins belong to the most effective and safest vaccines against bacterial pathogens. (biomedcentral.com)

Traditionally, prediction of the functions of bacterial proteins is carried out for poorly studied molecules or hypothetical proteins predicted based on these genome sequences. (custom-essay.org)
We found an asymmetric motion of the chaperone that is coordinated by the binding and lysis of ATP, energy-carrier molecules. (mpg.de)
Subsequent entry of the final monosaccharides (glucose, galactose, fructose) into the enterocytes through the brush border occurs via carrier molecules. (medscape.com)
This configuration enables conformational changes of the protein so that oxygen molecules can easily load and unload. (icr.org)
While the field of microbiology has adapted to the study of complex microbiomes via modern meta-omics techniques, we have not updated our basic knowledge regarding the quantitative levels of DNA, RNA and protein molecules within a microbial cell, which ultimately control cellular function. (nature.com)
Antibody -- Any of the protein molecules produced by specialized immune system cells (B cells) that can recognize and bind to a particular foreign antigen. (nih.gov)

However, unlike typical ABC transporters (E.I. Sun & M.H. Saier, unpublished results), they use small integral membrane proteins that are postulated to capture specific substrates. (tcdb.org)

For a variety of organisms, close to 30% of the genome is used to encode membrane proteins," said co-author Neha Kamat, PhD, assistant professor of biomedical engineering at McCormick. (scienceboard.net)
These regularly spaced hammerhead enzymes undergo self-cleavage resulting in breakage of the long RNA into individual genome segments. (jove.com)
however, as evidenced by genome sequence analysis, the organism lacks common enzymes required for the de novo synthesis of precursors of PGN, which rationalizes its MurNAc auxotrophy. (karger.com)

Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s or CYPs) are a superfamily of heme-thiolate proteins widespread in all kingdoms of life 1 . (nature.com)
There are two major P450 classes in terms of the native RP systems, namely, the prokaryotic Class I P450 consisting of three stand-alone components (redoxin reductase/redoxin/P450) that are all cytosolically soluble proteins and the two-component eukaryotic Class II P450 comprised of P450 and cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR), both of which are membrane-bound proteins. (nature.com)
In proteins belonging to the c-type cytochrome family [ 1 ], the heme group is covalently attached by thioether bonds to two conserved cysteine residues located in the cytochrome c center. (expasy.org)
Cytochromes c typically function in electron transfer, but c-type cytochrome centers are also found in the active sites of many enzymes, and in eukaryotic cells, cytochrome c has also a role in apoptosis [ 2 ]. (expasy.org)
Cytochrome c, an electron carrier protein located in the mitochondrial matrix. (expasy.org)
This is the heme-containing component of the cytochrome b-c1 complex, which accepts electrons from Rieske protein and transfers electrons to cytochrome c in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. (expasy.org)
Cytochrome c' is a high-spin protein and is the most widely occurring bacterial c-type cytochrome. (expasy.org)
To recognize c-type cytochrome family proteins we have developed 4 profiles. (expasy.org)
The first one recognizes all mono-heme cytochrome c proteins (except class II and f-type cytochromes). (expasy.org)
It is a cytochrome protein that contains IRON and MOLYBDENUM. (lookformedical.com)
The 30-kDa membrane-bound c-type cytochrome protein of mitochondria that functions as an electron donor to CYTOCHROME C GROUP in the mitochondrial and bacterial RESPIRATORY CHAIN. (lookformedical.com)
A bacterial protein from Pseudomonas, Bordetella, or Alcaligenes which operates as an electron transfer unit associated with the cytochrome chain. (lookformedical.com)
DrugInteractions Cinacalcet is metabolized in part by cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 3A4, so inhibitors of this enzyme. (spiritsong.org)

Both BPs and Muddy become TPP-independent through single amino acid substitutions in their tail spike proteins, and M. abscessus mutants resistant to TPP-independent phages reveal additional resistance mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)
The finding of this extreme chaperone-dependency breaks with the dogma that all proteins have an inbuilt potential for folding in their amino acid sequence. (mpg.de)
A mouse model of HPS bears a point mutation altering a single amino acid within the VPS33A subunit of the HOPS/CORVET endolysosomal tethering complex. (chop.edu)
A missing enzyme causes the amino acid phenylalanine to build up, devastating the nervous system. (rickilewis.com)
Amino acid -- The basic building block of proteins and polypeptides. (nih.gov)

Major downstream targets include fatty acid and lipid metabolism, protein and nucleotide biosynthesis. (unibas.ch)
Eukaryotic lipid and fatty acid metabolism remains a critical challenge for studies at the atomic, molecular and cellular scale: In contrast to simple prokaryotic systems, fatty acid metabolism in eukaryotes builds upon large multienzymes, which integrate multiple catalytic activities into giant proteins. (unibas.ch)
Later steps of lipid metabolism are occurring in membrane space and rely on membrane-integral or -associated proteins. (unibas.ch)
The lab is testing the role of lipid modifying enzymes in regulating the recruitment of BLOC-1 and BLOC-2 to membranes and in regulating the activity of other components of the membrane transport process. (chop.edu)
Proteins in lipid membranes are one of the fundamental building blocks of biological functionality. (phys.org)
Functional reintegration into lipid environments represents a major challenge for in vitro investigation of integral membrane proteins (IMPs). (tudelft.nl)

Type I toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread genetic modules in bacterial genomes. (mdpi.com)

Compared to the membrane-bound eukaryotic P450s, bacterial P450s in soluble form have better application value and potential. (nature.com)
An international team of researchers from the Max Planck Research Group at the Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology (MCB) deciphered the molecular mechanism of a sulfur carrier system that stands at the root of all eukaryotic Ubiquitin-conjugation systems. (fnp.org.pl)
Here, crystal structures and complementary biochemical and cellular analysis of fungal Urm1?Uba4 show that it combines features of bacterial sulfur?relay pathways and eukaryotic ubiquitin conjugation systems. (fnp.org.pl)
Our analysis of this data reveals an absolute protein-to-RNA ratio of 10 2 -10 4 for bacterial populations and 10 3 -10 5 for an archaeon, which is more comparable to Eukaryotic representatives' humans and yeast. (nature.com)

and lysosomal proteins, such as the transporter MFSD12, that impact melanogenesis indirectly. (chop.edu)
Pigment cell-specific transmembrane proteins SLC45A2 and OCA2 are a transporter and channel, respectively, that modulate melanosome pH at different stages of melanosome maturation and that are targets of mutation in different forms of oculocutaneous albinism. (chop.edu)
Finally, free amino acids are taken up by enterocytes through specific Na-linked carrier systems (5 carriers with selective affinities for groups of amino acids are described), whereas dipeptides and tripeptides are translocated into the absorptive epithelial cells by the peptide transporter 1 (PEPT1), which is a carrier with a broad specificity linked to H entry. (medscape.com)
The gene that is mutant in Niemann-Pick C1 encodes a transporter protein that normally binds cholesterol -- and it's also the receptor for Ebola virus. (rickilewis.com)
The lac operon of E. coli is but one example of how enzyme and transporter production can be made conditional on the presence of a nutrient to catabolize. (lu.se)
A very natural place to study gene detecting and metabolizing lactose, it is known that the overall regulation is in the metabolism of the cell, and then specifically in effect of expressing the lac genes in vain is a drop in the growth rate the regulation of genes that code for enzymes and transporter of as much as 5% [1,6]. (lu.se)

Glucose and galactose share the same carrier, SGLT-1, which transports one molecule of the monosaccharide and one molecule of sodium (Na) in a secondarily active transport, energized by Na-activated and potassium (k)-activated adenosine triphosphatase (NaK ATPase). (medscape.com)
Evolutionists should be able to trace how this amazing protein molecule originated-but they can't. (icr.org)
Representation of a human hemoglobin protein molecule. (icr.org)
A membrane protein is a protein molecule that is attached to, or associated with the membrane of a cell or an organelle. (phys.org)
For example, when Escherichia coli is grown axenically in steady state, we can expect that each RNA molecule corresponds to 10 2 -10 4 of the matching protein (absolute protein-to-RNA ratio, hereafter referred protein-to-RNA ratio) and the variation in the level of cellular RNA explains ~29% of the variation in the amount of detectable protein 2 . (nature.com)
Enzyme -- A protein molecule that catalyzes chemical reactions of other substances without itself being destroyed or altered by the reactions. (nih.gov)

The individual protein subunit of the virus capsid and formed in repetitive sequence. (innvista.com)

The lab employs a variety of approaches to probe how BLOC-1 interacts with membranes and with other HPS-encoded protein complexes to better understand its mechanism of action. (chop.edu)
More than half of all proteins interact with membranes. (phys.org)
Biological membranes consist of a phospholipid bilayer and a variety of proteins that accomplish vital biological functions. (phys.org)
Biochemical assays revealed that the BioM, N, and Y proteins form stable complexes in membranes of the heterologous host. (tcdb.org)

2023 ). (1) the BioMNY complex with ATPase (BioM) and transmembrane protein (BioN). (tcdb.org)
Some transporters have a conserved transmembrane protein and two nucleotide binding proteins similar to those of ABC transporters. (tcdb.org)
Possibly, these two transmembrane proteins comprise the pathway for transmembrane transport. (tcdb.org)
Single-pass transmembrane receptor protein that plays an important role in ANGIOTENSIN II production and cellular responses to RENIN. (bvsalud.org)

However, cobalamin immediately binds to R-protein. (vin.com)
Hemoglobin is an iron-containing respiratory protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen and then transports and releases it to cells that need oxygen. (icr.org)

Our data indicate that normal and inflamed skin harbor distinct phageomes and suggest a causative relationship between changing viral and bacterial communities as a driver of skin pathology. (microbial-ecology.net)
Carriers of the inherited disease, with half the normal number of transporters, might have some protection against the viral disease. (rickilewis.com)
Here the scientists use information from bacterial and viral genetics. (mndigital.org)
Originally, the term was used for the artificial insertion of viral nucleic acid into bacterial cells, resulting in multiplication of mature viral particles (Dorland 2007). (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Recently, along with our collaborators we have demonstrated that CjPglB has a relaxed specificity enabling transfer of diverse polysaccharides, including lipopolysaccharide and capsules, to proteins with appropriate D/E-X-N-Z-S/T consensus sequons. (ukri.org)
As originally described by Lancefield, beta-hemolytic streptococci can be divided into many groups based on the antigenic differences in group-specific polysaccharides located in the bacterial cell wall. (medscape.com)
In contrast to isolated bacterial polysaccharides, conjugate vaccines induce a long-lasting T-lymphocyte dependent immunological memory [ 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
a: oligosaccharyltransferase PglB, b: carrier protein with signal sequence for secretion to the periplasm, c: undecaprenyl-pyrophosphate-linked polysaccharides. (biomedcentral.com)

It participates in sulfate respiration coupled with phosphorylation by transferring electrons from the enzyme dehydrogenase to ferredoxin. (expasy.org)
its ability to exchange electrons as it cycles between cuprous and cupric states has been harnessed by enzymes that catalyze a wide variety of biochemical processes [ 1 , 2 ]. (biorxiv.org)
The assembled enzyme complex transports electrons from cytosolic NADPH across the membrane to molecular oxygen inside the phagolysosome to generate superoxide and other more toxic radicals, such as hydrogen peroxide mediated by superoxide dismutase and HOX. (medscape.com)

Here, we used a genomics/proteomics approach (including immunoblot experiments from pigs infected with T. suis ) to prioritize putative immunogenic excretory/secretory (E/S) proteins conserved across and specific to several gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic nematode species. (frontiersin.org)
An antibody-protein array of putative immunogenic proteins was developed from a combined bioinformatic, experimental, and literature-based prioritization of homologous parasite proteins. (frontiersin.org)

Using fluorescence microscopy approaches, we investigated the subcellular localization of MmpL3 and MmpL10, respectively involved in the export of mycolic acids and TPP, in growing cells and their colocalization with Wag31, a protein playing a critical role in regulating peptidoglycan biosynthesis in mycobacteria. (bvsalud.org)

When evidence suggests that homologous membrane transport proteins of the ABC2 type couple transport to ATP hydrolysis using a homologue of the ABC-type ATPases, we list these proteins in the ABC superfamily. (tcdb.org)

Its clinical presentation clearly differs from other forms of GSD, because it is caused by the deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme, alpha-1,4-glucosidase, leading to the pathologic accumulation of normally structured glycogen within the lysosomes of most tissues, differs Three forms of the disease exist: infantile-onset, late-onset juvenile and adult onset. (medscape.com)

During the past years, a growing number of surrogate RPs have been reported 8 , with some of which being more frequently used for in vitro activity reconstitution of diverse bacterial P450s. (nature.com)

Rod binding protein, Mannosyl-glycoprotein endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Glycoprotein 91 (gp91) and protein 22 (p22) make up the b and a subunits of a membrane bound heterodimer referred to as flavocytochrome b558. (medscape.com)

MAGICAL identified sepsis-associated regulatory circuits predominantly in CD14 monocytes, known to be activated by bacterial sepsis. (simonsfoundation.org)

Screening the array with sera and ileal fluid samples from immunized pigs suggested cross-reactivity among homologous proteins and a general activation of immunity. (frontiersin.org)

CFE reactions based on the use of Escherichia coli can quickly synthesize grams of protein per liter in batch reactions, are scalable from the nanoliter to 100-L scale, and can be freeze-dried for months of shelf stability. (scienceboard.net)
protein_coding" "AAC74155","flgM","Escherichia coli","anti-sigma factor for FliA (sigma 28) [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
protein_coding" "AAC74156","flgA","Escherichia coli","assembly protein for flagellar basal-body periplasmic P ring [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
protein_coding" "AAC74157","flgB","Escherichia coli","flagellar component of cell-proximal portion of basal-body rod [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
protein_coding" "AAC74158","flgC","Escherichia coli","flagellar component of cell-proximal portion of basal-body rod [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
protein_coding" "AAC74163","flgH","Escherichia coli","flagellar protein of basal-body outer-membrane L ring [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)

[ 4 ] The emm gene encodes the M protein. (medscape.com)

This technology was previously used to produce conjugate vaccines to protect against bacterial infections by a team of Northwestern University researchers, led by Michael Jewett, PhD, professor of chemical and biological engineering at Northwestern's McCormick School of Engineering and director of Northwestern's Center for Synthetic Biology. (scienceboard.net)
Additionally, the lab has identified defects in innate immunity to bacterial infection from a mouse HPS2 model, partly explaining the recurrent bacterial infections observed in HPS2 patients, and is uncovering mechanisms by which the endosomal adaptor AP-3 influences toll-like receptor recruitment to phagosomes, inflammasome signaling from phagosomes, and autophagy activation in dendritic cells. (chop.edu)
These subtypes are clinically indistinguishable from one another, except for the fact that patients with GSD type Ib have altered neutrophil functions predisposing them to gram-positive bacterial infections. (medscape.com)
[ 1 ] This leads to recurrent life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections. (medscape.com)
An important concept in the evaluation of data regarding transfusion-transmitted bacterial infections (TTBIs) is the definition of a case. (medscape.com)

We will seek to identify or engineer alternative PglB proteins that will have a modified specificity for different glycostructures. (ukri.org)
Glycoconjugate synthesis, in particular expression of oligosaccharyltransferase PglB, strongly inhibited growth of E. coli cells after induction, making it necessary to separate biomass growth and recombinant protein expression phases. (biomedcentral.com)

Cell-free system -- A mixture of cytoplasmic and/or nuclear components from cells used for in vitro protein synthesis, transcription, DNA replication, or other purposes. (nih.gov)

This subclass includes only those enzymes in which some other redox carrier is the acceptor. (lookformedical.com)
Formally, this redox change involves a single-electron, reversible equilibrium between the Fe(II) and Fe(III) states of the central iron atom (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p539). (lookformedical.com)

To date, our knowledge on the host and bacterial determinants driving Mabs pathology in CF patient lung remains rudimentary. (bvsalud.org)

For example, putidaredoxin (Pdx) and putidaredoxin reductase (PdR) from Pseudomonas putida represent the first discovered bacterial P450 RP system served as the native PR for P450cam (CYP101A1) in camphor oxidation 9 , 10 . (nature.com)
Two different periplasmic carrier proteins, AcrA from C. jejuni and a toxoid form of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin were glycosylated with Shigella O antigens in E. coli . (biomedcentral.com)

Membrane receptor proteins serve as connection between the cell's internal and external environments. (phys.org)
Nuclear Receptors the nuclear receptor family consists of two types of receptors that have similar protein structure. (spiritsong.org)

The basis for these vaccines is a complex sugar structure, known as the capsule, which covers bacterial cells protecting them from immune attack. (ukri.org)
Such proteins are involved in immune response, for example. (phys.org)

the team and its collaborators have shown that the products of HPS-associated genes in skin melanocytes regulate two pathways of membrane protein transport from endosomes to newly forming melanosomes and a retrograde pathway from melanosomes. (chop.edu)
HPS types 7, 8 and 9 are due to mutations in genes encoding subunits of BLOC-1, a complex required for the generation of tubular cargo carriers destined for melanosomes. (chop.edu)
HPS types 3, 5 and 6 are due to mutations in genes encoding subunits of BLOC-2, a complex that directs BLOC-1-dependent cargo carriers with melanosomes. (chop.edu)
In a study on vertebrate globins, Jay Storz and his colleagues wrote, "The retention of the proto- Hb and Mb genes in the ancestor of jawed vertebrates permitted a physiological division of labor between the oxygen-carrier function of Hb [hemoglobin] and the oxygen-storage function of Mb [myoglobin]. (icr.org)
For practical purposes, depending on the enzyme activity and the presence of mutations in the G6Pase and T genes, respectively, GSD type I may be subdivided into 2 major forms. (medscape.com)

They found that vesicles are varied in size and are relatively low in concentration compared with ribosomes and other small complexes. (scienceboard.net)
Like all proteins, actin is "born" at the ribosomes, the protein factories of the cell, which string together amino acids into a long chain. (mpg.de)
Newly-synthesized proteins at the ribosomes are not yet able to fulfill their molecular functions in the cell. (mpg.de)

Here we report the temporal measurements of absolute RNA and protein levels per gene within a mixed bacterial-archaeal consortium. (nature.com)
They are biochemical because the function of the gene is to specify the way amino acids are put together to form proteins. (mndigital.org)
This can be illustrated by thinking of the gene as specifying the formation of a par~icular e~zyme whic~ is_ necessary to convert chemical A to chemical B. Now i~ there is a mutation in the gene, the enzyme will be defective. (mndigital.org)
Usually a couple will not know that both are carriers of a harmful gene until they have a child with a disorder. (mndigital.org)
In 160 this situation we can infer that both parents are carriers of the gene. (mndigital.org)
In the case of cystic fibrosis, where both husband and wife are carriers, artificial insemination from a donor would make it unlikely that a donor would also be a carrier of the same gene. (mndigital.org)
This process allows a variety of important applications, including the study of gene regulation, the analysis of the expression of proteins within eukarotic cells such as those of mammals, the production of transgenic organisms , and the methods of gene therapy. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Expression of truncated bio transport operons, each with one gene deleted, resulted in stable BioMN complexes but revealed only low amounts of BioMY and BioNY aggregates in the absence of the respective third partner. (tcdb.org)
It is an autosomal recessive disorder in which there is an AGL gene mutations which causes deficiency in glycogen debranchinging enzyme and limited storage of dextrin. (medscape.com)

Folate monoglutamate is absorbed by specific carriers in the proximal small intestine. (vin.com)
The R-protein in turn is digested by pancreatic proteases in the small intestine. (vin.com)
In cholera a bacterial toxin opens chloride channels in small intestine cells, and salt and water pour out in a torrent of diarrhea. (rickilewis.com)

Although serologic grouping by the Lancefield method is the criterion standard for differentiation of pathogenic streptococcal species, group A organisms can be identified more cost effectively by numerous latex agglutination, coagglutination, or enzyme immunoassay procedures. (medscape.com)

The key enzyme in the C. jejuni pathway that couples proteins to sugars is the oligosaccharyltransferase protein termed CjPglB. (ukri.org)

Combining experimental structural studies with functional analysis, we elucidate fundamental principles of multienzyme architecture & regulation and the role of protein assemblies for spatial organization of metabolism. (unibas.ch)
tRNA thiolation factors Urm1?Uba4 represent the most ancestral known ubiquitin?like protein/E1 enzyme conjugation system, whose structural mechanisms have however remained elusive. (fnp.org.pl)
Structural proteins are attached to microfilaments in the cytoskeleton which ensures stability of the cell. (phys.org)

Multiheme proteins (prokaryotes). (expasy.org)
BioMNY proteins are considered to constitute tripartite biotin transporters in prokaryotes. (tcdb.org)

Proteins that activated immunity are potential antigens for immunization and the multi-omics phylum-spanning prioritization database that was created is a valuable resource for identifying target proteins in a wide array of different parasitic nematodes. (frontiersin.org)

This condition involves a defect in the production of pancreatic enzymes and a stickiness of the mucus. (mndigital.org)

Because substantial interclonal variance exists in relative virulence, molecular population genetic studies have led to the concept that the unit of bacterial pathogenicity is the clone or cell line. (cdc.gov)
Although comprehensive, unambiguous understanding of the host and parasite factors mediating these processes is not available for any infectious agent, population genetic research in the last 10 years has provided noteworthy new information about the bacterial side of the equation. (cdc.gov)
There are 138 different genetic ways of being retarded, which is another way of reminding us that the ~nervous system is most complex. (mndigital.org)
Immediately they turn off the host cell's own genetic apparatus and make it produce virus protein. (mndigital.org)
ANSWER: If an individual knows of a genetic condition in the family, then it is often possible to carry out a test to see whether the person is a carrier. (mndigital.org)
Genetic material, such as sections of DNA coding for proteins , may be transfected. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

A polysaccharide, or sometimes a polypeptide layer, surrounding bacterial cells peripheral to the cell wall. (innvista.com)

The naturally available ribozymes are known to catalyze a narrow range of reactions such as phosphoryl transfer in nucleic acids and peptide bond formation in proteins. (jove.com)

It is necessary to carry out pairwise alignment, which allows revealing conservative residues in the whole family or separate subfamilies of proteins. (custom-essay.org)

Proteins must be folded correctly to fulfill their molecular functions in cells. (mpg.de)
Molecular assistants called chaperones help proteins exploit their inbuilt folding potential and reach the correct three-dimensional structure. (mpg.de)
Nascent proteins are protected from intermolecular interactions that would hamper their folding by chaperones, molecular folding assistants. (mpg.de)
However, the reader should recognize that bacterial population genetics is a discipline separate and distinct from the study of the molecular epidemiology of infectious agents. (cdc.gov)
The lead author, Marta Pabis, explains that ?UBL protein modifications in eukaryotes might have evolved from prokaryotic sulfurtransferase systems and our study provides further evidence that the Uba4-Urm1 system represents that missing ?molecular fossil? (fnp.org.pl)
The protein has a molecular weight of approximately 16,000, contains a single copper atom, is intensively blue, and has a fluorescence emission band centered at 308nm. (lookformedical.com)

Each of our cells is surrounded by a complex membrane that functions as a biological border, letting ions and nutrients such as salt, potassium and sugar in and out. (phys.org)
Our findings show that upgrading multi-omic toolkits with traditional absolute measurements unlocks the scaling of core biological questions to dynamic and complex microbiomes, creating a deeper insight into inter-organismal relationships that drive the greater community function. (nature.com)

The only known exception to this is the 23S ribosomal RNA in the bacterial ribosome which catalyzes peptide bond formation. (jove.com)
An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate. (lookformedical.com)

In addition, knowledge of protein structure may prompt potential partners for protein interaction and thus encourage researchers to develop or improve new enzymes or antibodies, or, for example, to explain the phenotype of the mutations performed or to help determine the location of the mutations in order to change specific phenotypes. (custom-essay.org)
Actin has many more protein interaction partners than the bacterial cytoskeletal proteins, but it has lost the ability to fold independently. (mpg.de)
Sigma-54 interaction domain, Bacterial regulatory protein, Propionate catabolism activator [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)

For axenic growth under laboratory conditions, it specifically relies on the external supply of N -acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc), which is an essential constituent of the peptidoglycan (PGN) of bacterial cell walls. (karger.com)

to form isonicotinic acyl-NADH complex. (genaxxon.com)

Chronic granulomatous disease is now known to be caused by a defect in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), reduced form, oxidase enzyme complex of phagocytes. (medscape.com)
The phox system is an NADPH oxidase enzyme complex consisting of 5 component proteins. (medscape.com)

In order to perform studies of such design and test if previously defined quantitative data about the functioning of microorganisms (i.e., protein-to-RNA ratio) is applicable to real world consortia, we must first sample microbial communities across transition events and employ quantification techniques that are absolute. (nature.com)

GSD type IV, also known as amylopectinosis, Glycogen Branching enzyme deficiency (GBE) or Andersen disease, is a rare disease that leads to early death. (medscape.com)
In certain metabolic disorders ( ADA and PNP deficiency) enzyme substitution therapy can be applied. (lu.se)

A common theme demonstrated by these analyses is that distinct bacterial clones are responsible for disease outbreaks and increases in infection frequency. (cdc.gov)
Data from analyses of carriers suggests that de novo mutations occur in about 10% of cases. (medscape.com)

Here, we report a noncanonical FAD-dependent enzyme Orf1 that adds a glycine-derived N-formimidoyl group to glycinothricin to form the antibiotic BD-12. (hokudai.ac.jp)
Amino acids link together by peptide bonds to form proteins, or function as chemical messengers and as intermediates in metabolism. (nih.gov)

Actin is the most abundant protein in highly developed cells and has diverse functions in processes like cell stabilization, cell division and muscle contractions. (mpg.de)
Carbohydrate, fat, or protein malabsorption is caused by a disorder in the intestinal processes of digestion, transport, or both of these nutrients across the intestinal mucosa into the systemic circulation. (medscape.com)
State-of-the art production technologies for conjugate vaccines are complex, multi-step processes (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy16

Organisms15

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs127

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment38

Phenomena and Processes57

Disciplines and Occupations3

Information Science3

Health Care3

Bacteria9

Substrate8

Pathogen3

Surrounded by a1

Peptides5

Strains2

Recombinant proteins1

Pathogens8

Molecules6

Substrates1

Genome3

Cytochrome13

Amino acid5

Lipid6

Genomes1

Eukaryotic4

Transporter6

Molecule6

Subunit1

Membranes4

Transmembrane4

Binds2

Viral4

Polysaccharides4

Electrons3

Putative2

Growing cells1

Hydrolysis1

Lysosomal1

Diverse bacterial1

Glycoprotein2

Sepsis1

Homologous1

Escherichia6

Encodes1

Infections5

PglB2

Vitro1

Redox2

Determinants1

Pseudomonas2

Receptor2

Immune2

Genes5

Ribosomes3

Gene9

Small intestine3

Pathogenic1

Oligosaccharyltransferase1

Structural3

Prokaryotes2

Antigens1

Pancreatic1

Genetic6

Polysaccharide1

Nucleic1

Subfamilies1

Molecular6

Biological2

Catalyzes2

Interaction3

Peptidoglycan1

NADH1

NADPH2

Microorganisms1

Deficiency2

Analyses2

Form2

Processes3