• Microorganisms naturally live in large communities, and are constantly challenged by lack of resources or environmental stimuli. (nature.com)
  • Microorganisms attach to surfaces and develop biofilms. (cdc.gov)
  • Rediscovery of a microbiologic phenomenon, first described by van Leeuwenhoek, that microorganisms attach to and grow universally on exposed surfaces led to studies that revealed surface-associated microorganisms (biofilms) exhibited a distinct phenotype with respect to gene transcription and growth rate. (cdc.gov)
  • These biofilm microorganisms have been shown to elicit specific mechanisms for initial attachment to a surface, development of a community structure and ecosystem, and detachment. (cdc.gov)
  • Van Leeuwenhoek, using his simple microscopes, first observed microorganisms on tooth surfaces and can be credited with the discovery of microbial biofilms. (cdc.gov)
  • Heukelekian and Heller ( 1 ) observed the "bottle effect" for marine microorganisms, i.e., bacterial growth and activity were substantially enhanced by the incorporation of a surface to which these organisms could attach. (cdc.gov)
  • 5 ) in 1978 put forth a theory of biofilms that explained the mechanisms whereby microorganisms adhere to living and nonliving materials and the benefits accrued by this ecologic niche. (cdc.gov)
  • Biofilms are complex, highly dynamic, structured ecosystems formed by a community of different microorganisms living attached to inert or living surfaces and embedded in a matrix designated extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). (intechopen.com)
  • Several other microorganisms come after entering in this very competitive ecosystem where quorum sensing and antibiotic resistance are determinants in the development of the community. (intechopen.com)
  • Microbial population growth measurements are widespread in the study of microorganisms, providing insight into areas including genetics, physiology, and engineering. (duke.edu)
  • 2007). Their capacity to respire on various metals as well as their production of endogenous hydrocarobons has ignited tremendous interest in the characterization and potential applications of these microorganisms. (kenyon.edu)
  • Biofilms (so called because macroscopically they do look like a thin layer of slime) have a distinct architecture, consisting of tower- and mushroom-shaped microcolonies encased in a hydrated matrix of exopolymeric substances, polysaccharides and proteins that are produced by the resident microorganisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pseudomonads), and the microbial ecology of MRFs in general, is limited. (cdc.gov)
  • Mycobacteria (more specifically MI) were found in all biofilm samples, including biofilms collected from inside the MRF systems and from adjacent environmental surfaces, suggesting that biofilms may play an important role in microbial ecology in MRFs. (cdc.gov)
  • Microbial Ecology 79(1) 213-230. (marinemicrobialecologylab.com)
  • James McDonald is Professor of microbial ecology at Bangor University. (bangor.ac.uk)
  • I welcome enquiries from potential postgraduate researchers (MScRes, MPhil, PhD) on topics related to my group's research interests in microbiomes - viromes - tree health/forest pathology - plant biomass degradation - pathogen ecology - microbial ecology. (bangor.ac.uk)
  • In a new Ph.D. project, Maggie Knight will be exploring these conflicting phenomena and the way in which fundamental microbial ecology influences the abundance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in these locations and the natural environment. (ed.ac.uk)
  • These skills are applied to microbial ecology, probiotics, metagenomics and microbial functional genomics. (massey.ac.nz)
  • General and enviromental microbiology researcher and PI with independent research programme in microbial ecology, metagenomics, host-microbial interactions and bacteriophage-related technologies. (massey.ac.nz)
  • Center for Biomedical Microbiology, Molecular Microbial Ecology Group, Dir. (ac.be)
  • 3-week visit in the Molecular Microbial Ecology Group, Dept. of Biology (Prof. Søren Sørensen). (ac.be)
  • Several studies have demonstrated the isolation and characterization of promising and potent substances capable of inhibiting these pathogens. (intechopen.com)
  • Area 1 will advance research on the efficacy of various coatings and novel disinfectants to inactivate bacterial pathogens, viruses and biofilms. (marquette.edu)
  • Bacterial pathogens often colonize the upper respiratory tract (nose or mouth) prior to causing lower respiratory infections or invasive disease. (researchgate.net)
  • A number of non-tuberculous mycobacterium species are opportunistic pathogens and ubiquitously form biofilms. (microbialcell.com)
  • Recent genomic and proteomic studies have identified many of the genes and gene products differentially expressed during biofilm formation, revealing the complexity of this developmental process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MVs are released from the outer membrane of bacterial cells, such as outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Gram-negative bacteria, and from the cytoplasmic membrane of cells, such as MVs from Gram-positive bacteria. (nature.com)
  • Bacteria often switch from a free-living lifestyle to a surface adapted, structured lifestyle known as a biofilm. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • We found that subpopulations of biofilm bacteria undergo cell death and lysis as a feature of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm life cycle. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • We isolated and named this phage, showed that it becomes superinfective to its host during biofilm development, and found that it plays a role in phenotypic diversification of biofilm bacteria. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Biofilms are a mixture of complex communities of organisms mostly composed of diverse bacteria that vary depending on the surrounding environmental conditions induced by physical and chemical factors. (intechopen.com)
  • Observation of biofilms dates back to the seventeenth century when Antonie van Leeuwenhoek observed bacteria from the plaque biofilm of his teeth under his primitive microscope [ 2 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • Combination of photosensitizers and bacteriophage therapy can be employed to eradicate biofilms, contributing to control of infections also caused by drug-resistant bacteria. (intechopen.com)
  • Based on the comparison of clean water and dirty water control bath toys, we argue that bath toy biofilms are influenced by (1) the organic carbon leaching from the flexible plastic material, (2) the chemical and biological tap water quality, (3) additional nutrients from care products and human body fluids in the bath water, as well as, (4) additional bacteria from dirt and/or the end-users' microbiome. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Microbial community of biofeed for marbling of beef meat (01/08/2020) Microbiological and genomic characterization of samples of micro-biofeed mixtures used to produce marble beef and isolation of dominant bacteria strains. (massey.ac.nz)
  • The biofilm resident bacteria also display phenotypic drug tolerance and thus it has been hypothesized that the drug unresponsiveness in vivo could be due to formation of biofilms inside the host. (microbialcell.com)
  • Three models of Mtb biofilm formation have been proposed to study the factors regulating biofilm formation, the physiology of the resident bacteria, and the nature of the biomaterial that holds these bacterial masses together. (microbialcell.com)
  • We believe that a better understanding of the EPS of Mtb biofilms and the physiology of the resident bacteria will facilitate the development of shorter regimen for TB treatment. (microbialcell.com)
  • Bacteria are generally studied in the research laboratories as single cell suspensions called as planktonic cultures, however, in nature, bacteria primarily exist as a community encased in a self-produced extracellular matrix called as biofilms. (microbialcell.com)
  • There are many advantages of studying bacteria in the planktonic cultures such as development of a homogenous population of bacterial cells having similar transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic profile etc. (microbialcell.com)
  • The availability of complete bacterial genome sequences, together with the development of microarrays with which the expression of the entire genome of an organism grown under two conditions can be assayed, has launched the post-genomic era of biofilm research and generated a wealth of new information. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We study such communities using modern genomic, metataxonomic and metagenomic techniques based on next-generation DNA sequencing, proteomics, fingerprinting techniques and subsequent pure-culture isolation, as well as modelling microbial communities in collaboration with Dr. Rosalind Allen (School of Physics & Astronomy). (ed.ac.uk)
  • Biofilms have great importance for public health because of their role in certain infectious diseases and importance in a variety of device-related infections. (cdc.gov)
  • Bacterial communities that are attached to a surface, so-called biofilms, and their inherent resistance to antimicrobial agents are a cause of many persistent and chronic bacterial infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Formation of these sessile communities and their inherent resistance to antimicrobial agents are at the root of many persistent and chronic bacterial infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Biofilms have been shown to colonize a wide variety of medical devices and to be associated with several human diseases, such as native valve endocarditis, burn wound infections, chronic otitis media with effusion and cystic fibrosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent advances in our understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of bacterial community behavior point to therapeutic targets that may provide a means for the control of biofilm infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The discovery may eventually have significance for research into bacterial infections. (umu.se)
  • These findings deepen our knowledge of bacterial behaviour and may impact the development of strategies to manipulate bacterial populations or control bacterial infections," says Felipe Cava, professor at the Department of Molecular Biology at Umeå University. (umu.se)
  • Targeted ultrasound contrast agents for the imaging of biofilm infections. (marinemicrobialecologylab.com)
  • The extracellular matrix of mycobacterial biofilms: could we shorten the treatment of mycobacterial infections? (microbialcell.com)
  • My research lies in the interface of microbiology and engineering with a focus on understanding and engineering biosystems (particularly microbiomes and biofilms) using systems and synthetic biology approaches. (llnl.gov)
  • Small changes in water physicochemistry had a significant but weak correlation with change in dolphin-associated bacterial richness but had no influence on phylogenetic diversity. (researcher.life)
  • Molecular characterization of microbial communities and quantification of Mycobacterium immunogenum in metal removal fluid s and their associated biofilms. (cdc.gov)
  • Detection and quantification of bacterial biofilms combining high-frequency acoustic microscopy and targeted lipid microparticles. (marinemicrobialecologylab.com)
  • An increase in bacterial mutation rate can promote biofilm formation. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Two major thrusts in the last decade have dramatically impacted our understanding of biofilms: the utilization of the confocal laser scanning microscope to characterize biofilm ultrastructure, and an investigation of the genes involved in cell adhesion and biofilm formation. (cdc.gov)
  • The colonization of a surface begins with EPS production by the initial bacterial colonizers through the formation of weak, reversible bonds called van der Waals forces and production of transparent exopolymer particles and their precursors by macroalgae that set the basis for the first bacterial colonizers settlement [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • In addition, some determinants for biofilm formation were assessed, using six identical bath toys under controlled conditions with either clean water prior to bathing or dirty water after bathing. (discovermagazine.com)
  • The present study gives a detailed characterization of bath toy biofilms and a better understanding of determinants for biofilm formation and development in systems comprising plastic materials in contact with potable water. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Biofilm formation by Shewanella oniedensis MR-1 on a glass surface. (kenyon.edu)
  • Effects of substrate stiffness on bacterial biofilm formation. (llnl.gov)
  • That significant fractions of the bacterial genome could be involved in, or affected during, biofilm formation was shown in Escherichia coli in a genome-wide screen using random chromosomal insertions of a lacZ reporter gene fusion construct [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With so many genes involved, it is perhaps not surprising that biofilm formation is regarded as a developmental process (Figure 1 ), not unlike that observed in the formation of fruiting bodies containing spores by the soil bacterium Myxococcus xanthus and sporulation in Bacillus subtilis [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These intriguing molecules, generated from L-amino acids by racemase enzymes, play diverse and specific roles in various cellular processes, including cell wall formation, biofilm stability, spore germination, and interbacterial interactions. (umu.se)
  • 2023). Comparative genome identification of accessory genes associated with strong biofilm formation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. (massey.ac.nz)
  • 2023). Biofilm formation, sodium hypochlorite susceptibility and genetic diversity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. (massey.ac.nz)
  • 2022). Global expansion of Vibrio parahaemolyticus threatens the seafood industry: Perspective on controlling its biofilm formation. (massey.ac.nz)
  • A number of components of the mycobacterial cell wall such as glycopeptidolipids, short chain mycolic acids, monomeromycolyl diacylglycerol, etc. have been shown to play an important role in formation of pellicle biofilms. (microbialcell.com)
  • This approach is providing new technologies and strategies to control biofilms in industrial and medical settings. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Bacterial community compositions were diverse, showing many rare taxa in real bath toys and rather distinct communities in control bath toys, with a noticeable difference between clean and dirty water control biofilms. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Impact of hydrologic boundaries on microbial planktonic and biofilm communities in shallow terrestrial subsurface environments. (montana.edu)
  • Compared with their planktonic (non-adherent) counterparts, the compact microbial consortia present in biofilms show extraordinary resistance to conventional biocides, antimicrobial treatments and the immune defense responses of the host. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2023). Efficacy of commercial peroxyacetic acid on Vibrio parahaemolyticus planktonic cells and biofilms on stainless steel and Greenshell™ mussel (Perna canaliculus) surfaces. (massey.ac.nz)
  • I am especially interested in using microfluidics, functional genomics, mathematical modeling, and molecular biology tools to understand microbial systems from cells to ecosystems level, and engineering functional microbial systems. (llnl.gov)
  • Ann, V., Freixa A., Butturini A., Romaní A.M. "Interplay between sediment properties and stream flow conditions influences surface sediment organic matter and microbial biomass in a Mediterranean river. (udg.edu)
  • ABSTRACT Optical density is a proxy of total biomass concentration and is commonly used for measuring the growth of bacterial cultures. (microbial-ecology.net)
  • In this study, culture-based methods and small subunit ribosomal RNA gene clone library approach were used to characterize microbial communities in MRF bulk fluid and associated biofilm samples collected from fluid systems in an automobile engine plant. (cdc.gov)
  • Using noninvasive metagenomics to characterize viral communities from wildlife. (montana.edu)
  • Few highly abundant bacterial genera were identified as key taxa with a high contribution to differences among baleen and toothed whales microbiomes. (springer.com)
  • This is the first study that directly compares the faecal bacterial and archaeal microbiomes of free-ranging baleen and toothed whales which represent the two parvorders of Cetacea which members are fully aquatic large mammals which were evolutionary split millions of years ago. (springer.com)
  • Cytotoxic reactive species formed interaction with vital biomolecules leading to irreversible microbial inactivation. (intechopen.com)
  • 1999). Since the modern characterization Shewanella in 1988, DNA:DNA hybridization and 16S rRNA sequencing has been used to identify more than 40 distinct species. (kenyon.edu)
  • The structural characterization of the sensory protein in complex with both D-amino acids allowed the identification of the key ligand-binding residues and prediction of functional orthologues in other species. (umu.se)
  • Therefore, the applicability of these findings to other bacterial species needs additional investigation," says Oihane Irazoki. (umu.se)
  • Being able to engineer microbial communities for improved function will depend on the isolation and characterisation of novel microbial species and the partners they interact with in their natural environments. (ed.ac.uk)
  • nov., two rumen bacterial species of a novel proposed family, Aristaeellaceae fam. (massey.ac.nz)
  • We have discussed the biofilms of several pathogenic non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) species in context to the in vivo pathologies. (microbialcell.com)
  • The contribution of bacteriophages to bacterial community compositions in normal and inflamed skin is unknown. (microbial-ecology.net)
  • Isolates underwent phenotypic characterization and whole-genome sequencing. (cdc.gov)
  • Microbes spontaneously release membrane vesicles (MVs), which play roles in nutrient acquisition and microbial interactions. (nature.com)
  • Therefore, MVs are suitable for packing multi-molecule complexes and for delivering across long distances, and thus play critical roles in stress response, nutrition acquisition, host survival, and microbial interactions [ 6 ]. (nature.com)
  • Factors affecting virus dynamics and microbial host-virus interactions in marine environments. (marinemicrobialecologylab.com)
  • Proia L., Romaní A.M., Sabater, S. "Biofilm phosphorus uptake capacity as a tool for the assessment of pollutant effects in river ecosystems. (udg.edu)
  • Diversity-function relationships in natural, applied and engineered microbial ecosystems. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Microbial alpha diversity of heterospecific hosts was highest in the Mediterranean forest bioclimatic zone, followed by the Irano-Turanian shrubland, and was lowest in the Sudanian savanna tropical zone. (microbial-ecology.net)
  • We are interested in the basic ecological processes which determine the diversity, functionality and variability in natural microbial communities and in model laboratory systems, and in applying this basic knowledge to improving the performance of microbial devices such as anaerobic digestors [Vicky Hu and Martina Dajak with the UK Biochar Research Centre ( Dr. Ondrej Mašek ) and Carbogenics Ltd. ] as well as in the mammalian intestine. (ed.ac.uk)
  • This tolerance often links biofilms with persistent and chronic infection, and provides ideal conditions for the acquisition or evolution of AMR. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Besides pathogenic NTMs, Mycobacterium smegmatis is often used as a model organism for understanding mycobacterial physiology and has been studied extensively for understanding the mycobacterial biofilms. (microbialcell.com)
  • In the end, we have described the biofilms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis. (microbialcell.com)
  • Development of metagenomics-mediated droplet-based high throughput phenotyping method for microbial genome-wide association study. (llnl.gov)
  • Since that time, the studies of biofilms in industrial and ecologic settings and in environments more relevant for public health have basically paralleled each other. (cdc.gov)
  • Biofilms can be found in a variety of habitats, on free‐living, on the surface of other organisms or inert surfaces, both in aquatic as well as terrestrial environments. (intechopen.com)
  • This makes it hard to unravel the underlying factors that dictate bacterial navigation towards favourable environments or their evasion of detrimental conditions. (umu.se)
  • Characterization of surface markers on extracellular vesicles isolated from lymphatic exudate from patients with breast cancer. (gu.se)
  • 3 ) used scanning and transmission electron microscopy to examine biofilms on trickling filters in a wastewater treatment plant and showed them to be composed of a variety of organisms (based on cell morphology). (cdc.gov)
  • Resistance to antimicrobials is also a topic of major concern in human populations, but at the same time may be crucial to the continued functioning of wastewater treatment plants, the microbial processes of which are exposed to these compounds on a daily basis. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Tsiaprazi-Stamoua A., Ylla Monfort I., Romaní A.M., Bakalisa S., Gkatzionisa K. "The synergistic effect of enzymatic detergents on biofilm cleaning from different surfaces. (udg.edu)
  • However, whether MVs are also responsible for efficient iron uptake and therefore involved in microbial interaction remains to be elucidated. (nature.com)
  • A.M. Romaní "Interaction between physical heterogeneity and microbial processes in subsurface sediments: a laboratory-scale column experiment. (udg.edu)
  • All examined bath toys revealed notable biofilms on their inner surface, with average total bacterial numbers of 5.5 × 106 cells/cm2 (clean water controls), 9.5 × 106 cells/cm2 (real bath toys), and 7.3 × 107 cells/cm2 (dirty water controls). (discovermagazine.com)
  • Continuous microbial exposure occurred between all sites, yet each environment maintained a characteristic microbiota, suggesting that the majority of exposure events do not result in colonization. (researcher.life)
  • Host-associated microbial dynamics are influenced by dietary and immune factors, but how exogenous microbial exposure shapes host-microbe dynamics remains poorly characterized To investigate this phenomenon, we characterized the skin, rectum, and respiratory tract-associated microbiota in four aquariumhoused dolphins daily over a period of 6 weeks, including administration of a probiotic during weeks 4 to 6. (researcher.life)
  • We discovered that exogenous nitric oxide can act as a signal for the dispersal of bacterial biofilms. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Host-associated microbial dynamics are influenced by dietary and immune factors, but how exogenous microbial exposure shapes host-microbe dynamics remains poorly characterized. (researcher.life)
  • Finally, direct oral stimulation with a foreign exogenous microbial source can have a profound effect on microbial stability. (researcher.life)
  • IMPORTANCE These results provide valuable insights into the ecological influence of exogenous microbial exposure, as well as laying the foundation for improving aquarium management practices. (researcher.life)
  • These animals, represent a useful model system in which to examine the influence of exogenous microbial exposure on the dynamics of host-associated microbial communities [14]. (researcher.life)
  • For example, MVs from E. coli under envelope stress contain multiple misfolded proteins, whose release enhances bacterial survival [ 9 ]. (nature.com)
  • A cohesive structure of a multi‐layer of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) such as polysaccharides and proteins is the base of biofilm structural organization. (intechopen.com)
  • Interestingly, thiol reductive stress-induced Mtb biofilms are held together by cellulose and yet unidentified structural proteins. (microbialcell.com)
  • Membrane vesicles (MVs) have recently been identified as type zero secretion systems [ 5 ], which are nano-sized spherical buds regularly released from microbial cellular membranes. (nature.com)
  • Further work has shown the importance of this phage in the P. aeruginosa biofilm lifecycle and virulence. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Corrigendum to "Exploring the secretomes of microbes and microbial communities using filamentous phage display" [Front. (massey.ac.nz)
  • On one hand, it functions as a mechanism for clearing the environment of potential competitors, while on the other, it orchestrates the migration of the community towards more favourable ecological niches. (umu.se)
  • Our data indicate that normal and inflamed skin harbor distinct phageomes and suggest a causative relationship between changing viral and bacterial communities as a driver of skin pathology. (microbial-ecology.net)
  • A key finding of the study is the multifaceted role of D-Arginine in shaping the biodiversity and structural dynamics of microbial communities. (umu.se)
  • Cells may also communicate via quorum sensing, which may in turn affect biofilm processes such as detachment. (cdc.gov)
  • This second installment in the 'In Defense of Water' program will support a cross-campus interdisciplinary team of faculty and students, in partnership with researchers at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, to address critical water infrastructure and community risk and resiliency issues of importance to both military and civilian populations. (marquette.edu)
  • Forty-five bacterial phyla in total were identified on roots of three plants and 7 bacterial genera (2.10% - 3.33%) were known methanotrophs. (bvsalud.org)
  • Freixa A., Acuña V., Casellas M., Pecheva S., Romaní A.M. "Warmer night-time temperature promotes microbial heterotrophic activity and modifies stream sediment community. (udg.edu)
  • Significance of viral activity for regulating heterotrophic prokaryote community dynamics along a meridional gradient of stratification in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. (marinemicrobialecologylab.com)
  • Regulation of low and high nucleic acid fluorescent heterotrophic prokaryote subpopulations and links to viral-induced mortality within natural prokaryote-virus communities. (marinemicrobialecologylab.com)
  • Synthesis and characterization of carbosilane dendrimers used as silica-based stationary phases in high performance liquid chromatography. (llnl.gov)
  • But the bacterial growth in biofilms requires a varied but coordinated transcriptional, proteomic and metabolomic profile. (microbialcell.com)
  • The dual function of these D-amino acids as toxic-compounds and stress signals suggests a role in shaping microbial communities and influencing niche selection. (umu.se)
  • In addition, both rhizospheric and endophytic communities represent an unexplored reserve of unique chemical structures for drug development. (intechopen.com)
  • In this study, methane fluxes, physiochemical properties of the overlying water, methane oxidation potential and rhizospheric bacterial community were investigated in simulated wetlands with floating plants Eichhornia crassipes, Hydrocharis dubia, and Trapa natans. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mora-Gómez J., Duarte S., Cássio F., Pascoal C., Romaní A.M. "Microbial decomposition is highly sensitive to leaf litter emersion in a permanent temperate stream. (udg.edu)
  • This can contribute to biofilm dispersal, and provides a mechanism for the release of extracellular DNA (eDNA) within biofilms. (southampton.ac.uk)