Bacterial cell replication or chromosome cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

Media conditions that support fast growth in bacteria also couples with shorter inter-initiation time in them, i.e. the doubling time in fast growing cells is less as compared to the slow growth. (wikipedia.org)
Chromosome replication in bacteria is regulated at the initiation stage. (wikipedia.org)
Nonetheless, research subsequent to Jacob's, Brenner's and Cuzin's proposal of the replicon model has discovered many additional layers of replication control in bacteria and eukaryotes that comprise both positive and negative regulatory elements, highlighting both the complexity and the importance of restricting DNA replication temporally and spatially. (wikipedia.org)
In most bacteria, chromosome segregation is achieved by the ParABS system, in which the ParB-bound parS sequence is actively partitioned by ParA. (jic.ac.uk)
Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a predatory bacterium proliferating through polyploid replication and non-binary division inside other bacteria. (jic.ac.uk)
Although replication, segregation, and cytokinesis have been extensively studied in bacteria, our understanding of how these processes are temporally and spatially coordinated remains incomplete. (illinois.edu)
As such, targeting the molecular networks involved in coordinating cell cycle events in bacteria represents an attractive target for antibiotic development. (illinois.edu)
We are interested in figuring out how bacteria integrate information from the environment into the molecular networks that drive the forward progression of the cell cycle. (illinois.edu)
This is interesting because the molecular factors responsible for regulating cell size in bacteria and the mechanism that coordinate cell size regulation with the progression of the cell cycle remain unclear. (illinois.edu)
Our long-term goal is to build a model that incorporates the full repertoire of factors involved in orchestrating the progression of the cell cycle in bacteria. (illinois.edu)
Because of the speed of bacterial cell division, populations of bacteria can grow very rapidly. (opentextbc.ca)
The single, circular DNA chromosome of bacteria is not enclosed in a nucleus, but instead occupies a specific location, the nucleoid, within the cell. (opentextbc.ca)
The packing proteins of bacteria are, however, related to some of the proteins involved in the chromosome compaction of eukaryotes. (opentextbc.ca)
This means that bacteria must have two complete copies of their chromosome ready before cell division, but still keep the ratio between the number of chromosome copies and cell divisions constant. (pathogens.se)
The research community has, for over 50 years, studied how DNA copying and cell division are coordinated in bacteria. (pathogens.se)
For example, recent studies have used high-throughput microscopy to observe ongoing cell replication in bacteria on a single-cell level. (pathogens.se)
In conclusion, this study is one of the largest efforts to date to elucidate replication initiation in bacteria. (pathogens.se)
Timely adaptation to nutrient downshift is crucial for bacteria to maintain fitness during feast and famine cycle in the natural niche. (bvsalud.org)
Segregation of chromosomes and plasmids is achieved while they are being replicated by using the Par system in some bacteria such as the budding bacteria Caulobacter crescentus , as illustrated in Figure 2.1 . (hideyuki-ts.com)
The site of cell division in rod-shaped bacteria is usually at the centre of the cell, which is dependent on the corrent placement of the Z-ring. (hideyuki-ts.com)
This protein is in human cells called PCNA and in bacteria it is called the beta (β) clamp. (ous-research.no)
Despite phage replication in these matrices, lysis of the bacteria was slower than phage propagation, and no reduction of the bacterial population was observed. (bvsalud.org)
Bacteria dynamically regulate cell size and growth to thrive in changing environments. (nature.com)
This type of partition system has been described in many bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis , where it is involved in chromosome segregation and sporulation ( Mierzejewska and Jagura-Burdzy, 2012 ) ( Yamaichi and Niki, 2000 ) ( Sharpe and Errington, 1996 ) ( Lin and Grossman, 1998 ) ( Lee and Grossman, 2006 ). (elifesciences.org)
Prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) usually undergo a vegetative cell division known as binary fission, where their genetic material is segregated equally into two daughter cells. (mathisfunforum.com)
The divisome is a protein complex in bacteria that is responsible for cell division, constriction of inner and outer membranes during division, and peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis at the division site. (mathisfunforum.com)
Although Bacteria and Archaea (prokaryotes) have processes that can transfer DNA from one cell to another ( conjugation , transformation , and transduction [6] ), these processes are not evolutionarily related to sexual reproduction in Eukaryotes. (wikizero.com)
This extracellular matrix glues bacteria to surfaces and serves as a slimy shield, protecting cells in the interior from predators and antibiotics. (the-scientist.com)
Bacteria sense these microenvironments and adapt by up or down regulating the expression of certain genes to influence different cell processes. (the-scientist.com)
Infection with salmonellae is characterized by attachment of the bacteria by fimbriae or pili to cells lining the intestinal lumen. (medscape.com)

DUSP4 alterations lead to hyperactivation of MAPK signaling in many cancers, including breast cancer, which often harbor mutations in cell cycle checkpoint genes, particularly in TP53. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, replication stress in Brca2-null cells activates p53 and the expression of its target genes, including senescence-inducing Ink4/Arf. (biomedcentral.com)
DNA damage leads to cellular responses that include the increased expression of DNA repair genes, repression of DNA replication and alterations in cellular metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
In fact, amplification of genes by over replication of certain regions of DNA is one of the primary mechanisms by which cancer cells become resistant to drug therapy. (nih.gov)
Project 1 will define how epigenetic regulation and chromosome architecture are subject to cell cycle control at developmentally-regulated genes. (grantome.com)
18) High frequency of replication (Hfr) strains can donate chromosomal genes rather than just the F plasmid. (medicienterprises.com)
The total chromosomal content of a cell involves approximately 105 genes in a specialized macromolecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (cdc.gov)

Homologous chromosomes are separated in the first division, and sister chromatids are separated in the second division. (mathisfunforum.com)
In meiosis, typically in Meiosis-I the homologous chromosomes are paired and then separated and distributed into daughter cells. (mathisfunforum.com)
recombinational DNA repair (promoted during meiosis because homologous chromosomes pair at that time) and complementation (also known as heterosis , hybrid vigor or masking of mutations). (wikizero.com)

We study regulation of the bacterial cell cycle, and are interested in how initiation of replication and segregation is controlled and coordinated with cell growth and cell division. (embo.org)
The results showed that DnaA synthesis is not a requirement for triggering accurate initiation of replication. (pathogens.se)
Its inactivation upon initiation of replication ensures one round of replication per cell cycle 1 . (hideyuki-ts.com)
Our interests include initiation of replication , chromosome organization and segregation and replication fork collapse and repair . (ous-research.no)

The origin of replication (also called the replication origin) is a particular sequence in a genome at which replication is initiated. (wikipedia.org)
To ensure complete and accurate duplication of the entire genome and the correct flow of genetic information to progeny cells, all DNA replication events are not only tightly regulated with cell cycle cues but are also coordinated with other cellular events such as transcription and DNA repair. (wikipedia.org)
We also study replication fork collapse and repair which are processes that contribute to genome instability and development of disease. (embo.org)
Thus, for the accurate completion of genome duplication the fusion of two converging forks must be carefully controlled, a theme also emerging for the hundreds of fork fusion events in eukaryotic cells. (ukri.org)
The kinetics of replication and transcription (monitored by immunolabelling after incorporating bromodeoxyuridine or bromouridine) reveal that each genome replicates independently of others in a focus, and that newly-made RNA remains in a focus (residence half-time ~43 min) long after it has been made. (biomedcentral.com)
In most human cells, mitochondria contain 10 3 -10 4 copies of a circular genome of 16,569 base-pairs that encodes two ribosomal RNAs, 22 tRNAs, and 13 polypeptides that form parts of the respiratory-chain located in the inner mitochondrial membrane [ 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Project 2 will establish how PNA replication timing and global genome rearrangements impact differentiation decisions and how this is coordinated with the cell cycle. (grantome.com)
Finally, this Project will characterize the role of insulators in genome organization as pluripotent cells differentiate. (grantome.com)
Xenogeneic Silencing and Bacterial Genome Evolution: Mech. (pku.edu.cn)
The primary concern of cell division is the maintenance of the original cell's genome. (mathisfunforum.com)
Before division can occur, the genomic information that is stored in chromosomes must be replicated, and the duplicated genome must be separated cleanly between cells. (mathisfunforum.com)

But scientists lack a complete picture of the effects of DNA methylation in bacterial genomes. (vetscite.org)
In the past, our research focused on viral genomes as models for DNA replication in mammalian cell nuclei. (nih.gov)
We now examine the organization of mitochondrial genomes in a human cell line that contains mitochondria tagged with the yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). (biomedcentral.com)
Although most bacterial genomes are composed of a single chromosome, many unicellular organisms also harbour several chromosomes, giving the possibility to study coordinated replication of several chromosomes in simple systems. (ous-research.no)

This can either involve the replication of DNA in living organisms such as prokaryotes and eukaryotes, or that of DNA or RNA in viruses, such as double-stranded RNA viruses. (wikipedia.org)
Despite the fundamental nature of these events, organisms have evolved surprisingly divergent strategies that control replication onset. (wikipedia.org)
For unicellular organisms, cell division is the only method to produce new individuals. (opentextbc.ca)
In unicellular organisms, daughter cells are individuals. (opentextbc.ca)
Aspects of the scientific process that are common to all levels of biomedical investigations: from biophysics in cell-free systems to molecular biology in cells, to physiology in whole organisms, to epidemiology and clinical investigation in humans. (uconn.edu)
The modes of bacterial cell division vary, but the most common one is binary fission (Stahl 2019) , and its mechanism, especially in rod-shaped model organisms Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis , has been studied extensively. (hideyuki-ts.com)
All organisms need to replicate their chromosomes with high fidelity to ensure that the genetic information passed on to the next generation is sufficiently accurate. (ukri.org)
On a larger scale, mitotic cell division can create progeny from multicellular organisms, such as plants that grow from cuttings. (mathisfunforum.com)
Mitotic cell division enables sexually reproducing organisms to develop from the one-celled zygote, which itself was produced by meiotic cell division from gametes. (mathisfunforum.com)
The amitotic or mitotic cell division is more atypical and diverse in the various groups of organisms such as protists (namely diatoms, dinoflagellates etc.) and fungi. (mathisfunforum.com)

Chromosome replication and cell division of Escherichia coli are coordinated with growth such that wild-type cells divide once and only once after each replication cycle. (nih.gov)
In Escherichia coli cells, disruption of the transcription-translation coordination leads to the loss of transcription processivity via triggering Rho-mediated premature transcription termination. (bvsalud.org)
To answer the question, the authors carefully looked at single-cell growth data from the model organism Escherichia coli collected by the Jun laboratory at the University of California, San Diego. (scitechdaily.com)
We have demonstrated in Escherichia coli that fork fusion events, if not processed correctly, result in surprisingly severe consequences, such as persistent over-replication of the chromosome, increased recombination and chromosome segregation defects. (ukri.org)
A main actor in proper timing of replication in Escherichia coli is the initiator protein itself, DnaA . (ous-research.no)

CELL DIVISION by mitosis, meiosis and binary fission - How do eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells multiply? (docbrown.info)
a vegetative division, whereby each daughter cell is genetically identical to the parent cell (mitosis), and a reproductive cell division, whereby the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells is reduced by half to produce haploid gametes (meiosis). (mathisfunforum.com)
Meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells by undergoing one round of DNA replication followed by two divisions. (mathisfunforum.com)
Eukaryotic cell divisions can be classified as mitosis (equational division) and meiosis (reductional division). (mathisfunforum.com)
[7] In eukaryotes, true sexual reproduction by meiosis and cell fusion is thought to have arisen in the last eukaryotic common ancestor , possibly via several processes of varying success, and then to have persisted. (wikizero.com)

When replication elongation was blocked by hydroxyurea or nalidixic acid, arrested cells contained one partially replicated, compact nucleoid located mid-cell. (nih.gov)
In the elongation phase, replisomes travel in opposite directions with the replication forks, unwinding the DNA helix and synthesizing complementary daughter DNA strands using both parental strands as templates. (wikipedia.org)

Although the specific replication origin organization structure and recognition varies from species to species, some common characteristics are shared. (wikipedia.org)
Cell cycle-dependent organization of a bacterial centromere through multi-layered regulation of the ParABS system. (jic.ac.uk)
Moreover, the parS chromosomal context in non-replicative cells, combined with ParB depletion at cell division, critically contribute to the unique cell cycle-dependent organization of the centromere in this bacterium, highlighting new levels of complexity in chromosome segregation and cell cycle control. (jic.ac.uk)
We analyzed the organization and function of mitochondrial DNA in a stable human cell line (ECV304, which is also known as T-24) containing mitochondria tagged with the yellow fluorescent protein. (biomedcentral.com)
SeqA also binds to newly replicated, hemimethylated GATC sites behind the replication forks and is involved in chromosome organization and/ or segregation. (ous-research.no)
A second focus of this project will be to understand the role of Rifl in chromosome organization and cell fate decisions. (grantome.com)
Project 3 will look at how 'insulators'control chromosome organization during the cell cycle and then will investigate mechanisms by which topological domains are formed in pluripotent cells. (grantome.com)

We will investigate how fork fusion intermediates are processed and what happens when this processing goes awry, and we will determine how termination is choreographed in the context of whole chromosome dynamics, segregation and cell division. (ukri.org)

Incomplete, erroneous, or untimely DNA replication events can give rise to mutations, chromosomal polyploidy or aneuploidy, and gene copy number variations, each of which in turn can lead to diseases, including cancer. (wikipedia.org)

In E. coli, the direction for orisome assembly are built into a short stretch of nucleotide sequence called as origin of replication (oriC) which contains multiple binding sites for the initiator protein DnaA (a highly homologous protein amongst bacterial kingdom). (wikipedia.org)
There are 11 DnaA binding sites/boxes on the E. coli origin of replication out of which three boxes R1, R2 and R4 (which have a highly conserved 9 bp consensus sequence 5' - TTATC/ACACA ) are high affinity DnaA boxes. (wikipedia.org)
These studies have revealed the importance of a protein known as DNaA in the replication of E. coli . (pathogens.se)
Whilst traditional methods of genetics and molecular biology have been essential for elucidating parts of the E. coli replication processes, advances in microscopy have allowed for more insights into the phenotypic outcome that the interactions between these parts should accomplish. (pathogens.se)
In a recent article in PNAS, researchers from Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Sweden, (First authors: Anna Knöppel and Oscar Broström, Corresponding authors: Johan Elf and David Fange) used high-throughput fluorescence microscopy to study the coordination of replication and division cycles in E.coli . (pathogens.se)
By systematically exploring the replication-initiation control, the researchers aimed to find the most likely replication initiation model used in E. coli . (pathogens.se)
In order to compare how important different parts implicated in replication control are in E. coli replication, the researchers tracked the fluorescently labeled replisomes in individual cells through thousands of division cycles in the wild-type and mutant strains, thereby gaining knowledge of the importance of each regulator. (pathogens.se)
E. coli does not have cell cycle checkpoints like eukaryotic cells do. (scitechdaily.com)
Chromosome replication is principally regulated by DnaA in E. coli . (hideyuki-ts.com)
The mechanism of chromosome segregation in E. coli , which lacks Par, is not well characterised. (hideyuki-ts.com)
In E. coli only one such fusion event occurs, as the entire DNA is copied by only two replication forks. (ukri.org)
We are studying control of the cell cycle in the model organism E.coli . (ous-research.no)
We will transfer knowledge from the simple E. coli system and generate models for the study of replication fork collapse in human cells. (ous-research.no)
To understand the dynamics of bacterial growth physiology and size control in dynamic nutrient environments, we have developed a coarse-grained proteome sector model which connects gene expression to growth rate and division control, and accurately predicts the cell-level E. coli response to nutrient perturbations in both exponential and stationary phase seen in experimental data 5 , 25 . (nature.com)

We found that Dusp4 loss alone is insufficient in mediating tumorigenesis, but alternatively converges with loss in Trp53 and MYC amplification to induce tumorigenesis primarily through chromosome 5 amplification, which specifically upregulates Dbf4 , a cell cycle gene that promotes cellular replication by mediating cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)
In a few model bacterial species, DNA modification is known to influence chromosome replication, gene expression, and virulence. (vetscite.org)
Sääf AM, Halbleib JM, Chen X, Tsan Yuen S, Yi Leung S, Nelson WJ, Brown PO "Parallels between Global Transcriptional Programs of Polarizing Caco-2 Intestinal Epithelial Cells In Vitro and Gene Expression Programs in Normal and Colon Cancer. (openwetware.org)
Palmer C, Diehn M, Alizadeh AA, Brown PO "Cell-type specific gene expression profiles of leukocytes in human peripheral blood. (openwetware.org)
CF27-specific gene clusters which have been analyzed were expressed by both ferrous iron-grown and sulfur-attached cells, indicating that they are not pseudogenes and may play a role in both situations. (frontiersin.org)
Interestingly, hnRNPA1 influenced NP gene expression and affected viral replication. (cdc.gov)
Lateral gene transfers resulted in different linkages between the ospC gene and loci of the chromosome or other plasmids. (cdc.gov)

This type of cell division is called binary fission. (opentextbc.ca)
The cell division process of prokaryotes, called binary fission, is a less complicated and much quicker process than cell division in eukaryotes. (opentextbc.ca)
Bacterial cell division happens through binary fission or budding. (mathisfunforum.com)

Bacterial origins regulate orisome assembly, a nuclei-protein complex assembled on the origin responsible for unwinding the origin and loading all the replication machinery. (wikipedia.org)
Once bound to replicators, initiators (often with the help of co-loader proteins) deposit replicative helicases onto DNA, which subsequently drive the recruitment of additional replisome components and the assembly of the entire replication machinery. (wikipedia.org)
the cytoplasmic contents must also be divided to give both new cells the machinery to sustain life. (opentextbc.ca)
A survey of cell-division machinery in present-day unicellular eukaryotes reveals crucial intermediary steps to the complex mitotic machinery of multicellular eukaryotes. (opentextbc.ca)
The replisome can be described as the multiprotein molecular machinery responsible for the replication of DNA. (pathogens.se)
A clear response to DNA damage was observed, with down-regulation of the DNA replication machinery, changes in transcriptional regulatory proteins, and up-regulation of the biosynthetic enzymes for beta-carotene, which has UV protective properties, and proteins that detoxify reactive oxygen species. (biomedcentral.com)
Insertion of proteins into the bacterial outer membrane is mediated by a dedicated chaperone machinery. (unibas.ch)
Chromosome replication is initiated by an initiator protein which binds to the origin, forms an oligomeric complex, separates the two strands of the double helix, and recruits the helicase and the rest of the replication machinery. (ous-research.no)
Influenza A virus (IAV), like other viruses, depends on the host cellular machinery for replication and production of progeny. (cdc.gov)

For simple unicellular microorganisms such as the amoeba, one cell division is equivalent to reproduction - an entire new organism is created. (mathisfunforum.com)

Precision to the very end: what happens when two replication forks converge during termination? (ukri.org)
Two complex machines termed replication forks are recruited to these origins. (ukri.org)
These replication forks are capable of copying the DNA with high precision. (ukri.org)
Our research has revealed that the collision of two fast moving replication forks has the potential to corrupt the DNA and introduce mutations. (ukri.org)
This cause of mutation is unexpected, because the fusion of two such replication forks is a fundamental process when DNA is copied, and we have identified a number of pathways that can prevent the harmful consequences of fork fusions. (ukri.org)
For example, we will use recently developed microscopy techniques which allow us to directly visualise and track single replication forks inside living cells to study what happens if forks fuse and to identify how these fusion events can cause corruption of the DNA. (ukri.org)
Chromosome duplication initiates at defined origins, with two replication forks proceeding in opposite directions. (ukri.org)
Noteworthy, was our demonstration that although termination of DNA replication did not require specific DNA sequences, some DNA sequences did promote pausing of DNA replication forks in vivo (and DNA polymerase in vitro), and some sequences, such as thosewithin the termination region for SV40 DNA replication, did promote formation of catenated intertwines during separation of sibling chromosomes. (nih.gov)
the region where replication forks terminate directs the mode of separation for the two sibling molecules. (nih.gov)
Of particular importance were our studies on DNA replication forks. (nih.gov)
We demonstrated that DNA synthesis occurs discontinuously only on one arm of replication forks (the arm where the direction of synthesis is opposite to the direction of fork movement) through the repeated initiation, synthesis and joining of Okazaki fragments (transient nascent DNA chains of 40 to 300 nucleotides). (nih.gov)
Errors generated by the replication forks are the cause of many instability mechanisms. (ous-research.no)

p)ppGpp not only controls various stages of central dogma processes (replication, transcription, ribosome maturation and translation) and central metabolism but also regulates various physiological processes such as pathogenesis, persistence, motility and competence. (bvsalud.org)
Whilst archaea have eukaryal-type informational pathways such as DNA replication and transcription, archaeal DNA repair pathways are still poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)
2) What are the requirements for DNA replication and transcription at the beginning of mammalian development? (nih.gov)
DNA replication, transcription and translation. (entrance-exam.net)
Specialized cell structures called ribosomes are the cellular organelles that actually synthesize the proteins (RNA transcription). (cdc.gov)

We combine bacterial genetics, biochemistry, and high-resolution imaging in order to examine the progression of the cell cycle at the molecular and cellular level. (illinois.edu)

In order to best accomplish our goals, we use the genetically tractable bacterium Caulobacter crescentus whose cell cycle can be easily synchronized to enable fine temporal resolution of each cell cycle event. (illinois.edu)
Caption to fig.1A:) 'Temporally coordinated events of the Caulobacter cell cycle. (harvard.edu)
Figure 2.1: The Par system segregates replicated chromosomes in Caulobacter crescentus. (hideyuki-ts.com)
GapR is a nucleoid-associated protein that is an essential regulator of chromosome replication in the cell cycle model Caulobacter cresce. (pku.edu.cn)

A fundamental feature of the replicon hypothesis is that it relies on positive regulation to control DNA replication onset, which can explain many experimental observations in bacterial and phage systems. (wikipedia.org)
Our study reveals the subcellular dynamics and multi-layered regulation of the ParABS system, coupled to the cell cycle of B. bacteriovorus. (jic.ac.uk)
We have found that cell size regulation and timing of chromosome replication are interconnected, a connection that is influenced by nutrient availability. (illinois.edu)
We are currently working out the molecular network that links cell shape regulation and ability to resist toxic compounds. (illinois.edu)
This mini-review highlights some of the very recent progress on the key role of (p)ppGpp in bacterial growth control in light of cellular resource allocation and cell size regulation. (bvsalud.org)
Soen Y, Mori A, Palmer TD, Brown PO "Exploring the regulation of human neural precursor cell differentiation using arrays of signaling microenvironments. (openwetware.org)
These hormones regulate the body's growth, and are involved in cell to cell communication, control metabolic activity, sleep-wake homeostasis, and altered regulation or dysregulation of adaptive response in various physiologic and pathophysiologic states. (medscape.com)

In both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, the outcome of cell reproduction is a pair of daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. (opentextbc.ca)
The precise timing and formation of the mitotic spindle is critical to the success of eukaryotic cell division. (opentextbc.ca)
Our data will form an important foundation for the understanding of how the hundreds of fork fusions in eukaryotic cells are achieved and how their processing contributes towards maintaining genomic stability. (ukri.org)
Define the basis of eukaryotic cell biology. (uaeu.ac.ae)

The necessity to regulate origin location likely arises from the need to coordinate DNA replication with other processes that act on the shared chromatin template to avoid DNA strand breaks and DNA damage. (wikipedia.org)
Using a systemic approach, we have identified new communicative processes that keep the onset of chromosome replication and the onset of chromosome segregation highly interconnected. (illinois.edu)
However, mutations in the DNA can inactivate this network of processes and it is a hallmark of cancer cells that they grow in an uncontrolled way. (ukri.org)
What's more, oxygen depletion causes cells in the center to enter a hibernation-like state, making them tolerant to antibiotics that target metabolic processes. (the-scientist.com)

We found that ParA:ParB ratios fluctuate between predation stages, their balance being critical for cell cycle progression. (jic.ac.uk)
popZ proteins anchors the chromosome at its parS sequence (near oriC ) to the old pole, which is mediated by parB. (hideyuki-ts.com)
As replication starts, more parB binds to parS sequence of the newly synthesised chromosome, and is pulled to the new cell pole by the ATPase activity of ParA. (hideyuki-ts.com)
Type I partition systems, also known as ParABS include an ATPase motor protein, ParA, responsible for the movement of the replicated chromosomes to the distal pole of the cell, a DNA binding protein ParB, and a centromere-like DNA sequence, parS ( Funnell, 2016 ). (elifesciences.org)

Among the DnaA-ATP/ADP conversion mechanisms tested, deletion of the regulatory inactivation of DnaA (RIDA) was found to have the most severe impact on replication initiation. (pathogens.se)
As long as there are mechanisms to prevent division across uncopied chromosomes, or fix the situation in the unlikely event that does happen, everything is fine. (scitechdaily.com)
Klapholz-Brown Z, Walmsley GG, Nusse YM, Nusse R, Brown PO "Transcriptional program induced by wnt protein in human fibroblasts suggests mechanisms for cell cooperativity in defining tissue microenvironments. (openwetware.org)

In mitotic metaphase, typically the chromosomes (each with 2 sister chromatid that they developed due to replication in the S phase of interphase) arranged and sister chromatids split and distributed towards daughter cells. (mathisfunforum.com)

This study identifies a novel mechanism for breast tumorigenesis implicating Dusp4 loss and p53 mutations in cellular acquisition of Dbf4 upregulation as a driver of cellular replication and cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the molecular mechanism that ensures the timely adaption of bacterial growth to nutrient downshift remains poorly understood. (bvsalud.org)
Furthermore, it is unclear if bacterial size modulation is simply a byproduct of the complex cellular response to changing environmental conditions, or if it serves as an adaptive mechanism employed by the cell to improve fitness in time-varying environments. (nature.com)
Experiments proposed in this Project will define a mechanism linking cell cycle transition to the activation of differentiation pathways. (grantome.com)
Cellular apoptosis (ie, programmed cell death) is another potential mechanism of many antineoplastic agents. (medscape.com)

They wanted to figure out how these "whimsical" individual bacterial cells - or, as a more typical physicist might say, these stochastic cells - manage to exquisitely coordinate DNA replication with growth and division, so that overall events happen in the right sequence despite the "noisiness" of each process. (scitechdaily.com)

In molecular biology, generalized transduction is routinely used as a technique to manipulate and construct bacterial strains. (bvsalud.org)
Sensitivity test results, expressed as the concentration of amantadine required to inhibit by 50% the growth of virus (ED 50 ) in tissue culture vary greatly (from 0.1 mcg/mL to 25 mcg/mL) depending upon the assay protocol used, size of virus inoculum, isolates of influenza A virus strains tested, and the cell type used. (nih.gov)

Historically, researchers have used population-level methods to study bacterial physiology. (scitechdaily.com)
Researchers have traditionally relied on population-level strategies to understand fundamental aspects of bacterial physiology. (wustl.edu)
While previous studies have characterized bacterial growth physiology at steady-state, a quantitative understanding of bacterial physiology in time-varying environments is lacking. (nature.com)

Cell division yields distinct progeny, a swarmer cell and a stalked cell. (harvard.edu)

We want to derive quantitative predictors for chaperone function, unravel atomic-level details of how clients are recognized, understand how the interplay works between chaperone and client dynamics and study how basic chaperone function is embedded into complex functional cycles. (unibas.ch)

They bind to DnaA-ADP and DnaA-ATP with equal affinities and are bound by DnaA throughout most of the cell cycle and forms a scaffold on which rest of the orisome assembles. (wikipedia.org)
DnaA triggers the initiation of chromosome replication when bound to ATP, and there is a negative correlation between cell size at initiation and the intracellular concentration of DnaA. (pathogens.se)
DnaA initiates replication by binding its active, GTP-bound form (DnaA-ATP) to OriC . (hideyuki-ts.com)

Replication is bi-directional and originates at a single origin of replication (OriC). (wikipedia.org)
A noncoding regulatory region harbours an origin of replication plus two promoters, one on each of the two strands. (biomedcentral.com)

We have identified a novel protein that looks structurally like a DNA repair protein and yet this protein has the capability of making cells resistant to antibiotics that intercalate DNA. (illinois.edu)
Furthermore, when that bacteriophage invaded the bacterial cell, it came equipped with a protein that can add methyl groups to their DNA. (vetscite.org)
Extra rounds of replication are prevented by specific inactivation of new origins by the SeqA protein . (ous-research.no)
We are studying several mutations in the beta clamp protein important in preventing replication fork collapse . (ous-research.no)
It appears to mainly prevent the release of infectious viral nucleic acid into the host cell by interfering with the function of the transmembrane domain of the viral M2 protein. (nih.gov)
A tubulin-like protein, FtsZ plays a critical role in formation of a contractile ring for the cell division. (mathisfunforum.com)
To better understand the cellular components controlling alphavirus vector specificity, a cell culture model system of the anopheline restriction of CHIKV was developed along with a protein expression strategy. (cdc.gov)
Conversely, hnRNPA1 overexpression reduced NP expression at the mRNA and protein levels and impeded virus replication by (60.70%), suggesting antagonistic function. (cdc.gov)
Selective killing of leukemic cells it thought to be due to depletion of plasma asparagine, the amino acid required for protein synthesis. (medscape.com)

Once replication is complete, specific termination events lead to the disassembly of replisomes. (wikipedia.org)
These analyses will provide a detailed view of replication termination and how the incorrect processing of fork fusions can result in pathologies. (ukri.org)

This agent inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis, repair, and cellular replication. (medscape.com)

Vibrio cholerae , the causative agent of cholera has a large and a small chromosome. (ous-research.no)

Mitosis is unnecessary because there is no nucleus or multiple chromosomes. (opentextbc.ca)
We used isolated nuclei from virus infected cells supplemented with cytoplasm, and discovered that viral replicating chromosomes could continue replication in the absence of a nucleus. (nih.gov)
Temporal distribution studies identify hnRNPA1 and NP co-localize in the same cellular milieu in both nucleus and mitochondria in NP-transfected and IAV-infected mammalian cells. (cdc.gov)
Each cell (except for red blood cells) contains a nucleus that houses these chromosomes. (cdc.gov)

The effect of temperature on viral replication suggests that the body temperature of its poikilotherm host could regulate the outcome of the infection (replicative vs. nonreplicative). (cdc.gov)
Here we report that human hnRNPA1 physically interacts with the nucleoprotein (NP) of IAV in mammalian cells at different time points of the viral replication cycle. (cdc.gov)
Most importantly, hnRNPA1 knockdown caused a significant increase in NP expression and enhanced viral replication (93.82%) in IAV infected A549 cells. (cdc.gov)

19) generalized transduction: A DNA fragment is transferred from one bacterium to another by a lytic bacteriophage that is now carrying donor bacterial DNA due to an error in maturation during the lytic life cycle. (medicienterprises.com)

In certain cases, amantadine is also known to prevent virus assembly during virus replication. (nih.gov)
Heterogeneous Ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1) Interacts with the Nucleoprotein of the Influenza a Virus and Impedes Virus Replication. (cdc.gov)

The model postulates that a diffusible, trans-acting factor, a so-called initiator, interacts with a cis-acting DNA element, the replicator, to promote replication onset at a nearby origin. (wikipedia.org)
the inhibitor dilution model, the initiation accumulation model, and the initiator activations/deactivation cycling. (pathogens.se)
The findings outlined above support the third model suggested for replication initiation: initiator activation/deactivation cycling. (pathogens.se)

Prokaryotic DNA Replication is the process by which a prokaryote duplicates its DNA into another copy that is passed on to daughter cells. (wikipedia.org)
Prokaryotic cells, on the other hand, do not undergo mitosis and therefore have no need for a mitotic spindle. (opentextbc.ca)

In cell biology, mitosis is a part of the cell cycle, in which, replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. (mathisfunforum.com)
The different stages of mitosis all together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle-the division of the mother cell into two genetically identical daughter cells. (mathisfunforum.com)
After growth, cell division by mitosis allows for continual construction and repair of the organism. (mathisfunforum.com)

To investigate the nature of this coordination, the effects of inhibiting replication on Z-ring formation and cell division were tested in both synchronized and exponentially growing cells with only one replicating chromosome. (nih.gov)
Cell division was strongly inhibited at or before the level of Z-ring formation. (nih.gov)
DNA cross-linking by mitomycin C delayed segregation, and the accumulation of about two chromosome equivalents at mid-cell also blocked Z-ring formation and cell division. (nih.gov)
We propose that the presence of a compact, incompletely replicated nucleoid or unsegregated chromosome masses at the normal mid-cell division site inhibits Z-ring formation and that the SOS system, SlmA, and MinC are not required for this inhibition. (nih.gov)
All cells must finish DNA replication before they can proceed for cell division. (wikipedia.org)
Propagation of the genetic material between generations requires timely and accurate duplication of DNA by semiconservative replication prior to cell division to ensure each daughter cell receives the full complement of chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
therefore, the process of cell division is simplified. (opentextbc.ca)
Fast division makes replication coordination extra challenging, especially in cases when the bacterial generation times are shorter than the time it takes to replicate the chromosome. (pathogens.se)
Researchers have utilized single-cell data to develop a revised framework for comprehending the link between cell growth, DNA replication, and division in bacterial systems. (scitechdaily.com)
Based on average cell behavior, others had come to view the basic cell cycle steps of DNA replication and cell division as dependent on each other. (scitechdaily.com)
Decades of genetic and molecular studies indicate that although DNA replication and division are clearly coordinated, they are not dependent on one another," Levin said. (scitechdaily.com)
Starting from this simple idea, Joshi discovered he could predict the sequence of DNA replication initiation, the end of DNA replication, and division based on when the three timers independently go off and reset. (scitechdaily.com)
During cell division, FtsZ filaments assemble into a ring (Z-ring) at the site where the septum forms. (hideyuki-ts.com)
These include control of the transcriptional repertoire of the cell, activation of repair enzymes and repression of DNA replication and cell division. (biomedcentral.com)
For cell division to take place the entire DNA of a cell has to be fully duplicated, ensuring that both the mother and the daughter cell can get one complete copy. (ukri.org)
The major theme will be devoted to describe and analyze the molecules of life, light microscopy, fine cell structure and function, cell membranes structure and function, cell division and staining procedures. (uaeu.ac.ae)
Here we develop a quantitative theory connecting bacterial growth and division rates to proteome allocation in time-varying nutrient environments. (nature.com)
In such environments, cell size and growth are regulated by trade-offs between prioritization of biomass accumulation or division, resulting in decoupling of single-cell growth rate from population growth rate. (nature.com)
As a result, it remains unclear how cells sense changes in the environment and dynamically regulate division and growth in response. (nature.com)
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. (mathisfunforum.com)
Cell division usually occurs as part of a larger cell cycle. (mathisfunforum.com)
Cell division gives rise to genetically identical cells in which the total number of chromosomes is maintained. (mathisfunforum.com)
Both of these cell division cycles are used in the process of sexual reproduction at some point in their life cycle. (mathisfunforum.com)
Divisome and elongasome complexes responsible for peptidoglycan synthesis during lateral cell-wall growth and division. (mathisfunforum.com)
Cell division in eukaryote is much more complicated than prokaryote. (mathisfunforum.com)
A primitive form of cell division is also found which is called amitosis. (mathisfunforum.com)
Cell-division rates vary for different tumors. (medscape.com)

Failure of mammalian cells to regulate their proliferation cycle leads to cancer. (nih.gov)

Synthesis of daughter strands starts at discrete sites, termed replication origins, and proceeds in a bidirectional manner until all genomic DNA is replicated. (wikipedia.org)

For example, it accounts for the failure of extrachromosomal DNAs without origins to replicate when introduced into host cells. (wikipedia.org)
each chromosome should, on average, replicate once per generation. (pathogens.se)

The development of such a model has the potential to be transformative in our ability to control bacterial growth. (illinois.edu)

These assembly loci constitute the start sites of DNA replication or replication origins. (wikipedia.org)
Replication of DNA is initiated at specific sites called origins of replication. (ukri.org)
In our own cells the duplication process is initiated at hundreds of origins, leading to hundreds of fusion events, making studies much more complex. (ukri.org)

Our current research now focuses on two basic, interrelated questions: (1) How do mammalian cells decide where and when to initiate DNA replication? (nih.gov)

A key prerequisite for DNA replication is that it must occur with extremely high fidelity and efficiency exactly once per cell cycle to prevent the accumulation of genetic alterations with potentially deleterious consequences for cell survival and organismal viability. (wikipedia.org)

There are no clear archaeal homologues of either bacterial LexA or of eukaryal proteins involved in the transcriptional response to DNA damage, such as p53. (biomedcentral.com)

The chromosome must be replicated once and only once prior to cell devision, and it must be ensured that each daughter cell receives one copy of the chromosome. (hideyuki-ts.com)

Vincristine is a vinca alkaloid agent that acts by arresting cells in metaphase. (medscape.com)

Molecular biologists aim to understand the actual events within individual living cells, not just the behavior of the mythical "average" cell. (scitechdaily.com)
My laboratory has developed new technologies and applied them towards understanding the molecular biology and enzymology of DNA replication in animal cells and viruses (SV40, polyomavirus, papillomavirus, and herpes simplex virus), and at the beginning of animal development (mouse preimplantation embryos and frog eggs). (nih.gov)

which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane of one cell into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. (mathisfunforum.com)

Amantadine inhibits the replication of influenza A virus isolates from each of the subtypes, i.e. (nih.gov)

Drugs that block DNA replication can arrest the spread of cancer cells and eliminate viral pathogens. (nih.gov)

Each cell has three independent (stochastic) timers (equivalent to the whimsical tune from above) that start ticking each time DNA replication begins, and whose orchestration determines the sequence of cell cycle events. (scitechdaily.com)
The F factor attaches to the chromosome using an insertion sequence. (medicienterprises.com)

A key regulator of chromosome segregation can also promote the onset of replication independently of chromosome segregation. (illinois.edu)

How bacterial cyclases recognize phage infection is not known. (bvsalud.org)
Consistent with these in vitro findings, phage treatment did not reduce bacterial burdens in a neutropenic mouse S. aureus thigh infection model. (bvsalud.org)

While doing so they move in opposite direction at very high speed until they meet another replication fork coming the opposite way. (ukri.org)
DNA replication terminates when a replication fork meets the end of a chromosome or another fork travelling in the opposite direction. (ukri.org)

As a graduate student with Julius Adler, I identified the basal body of the bacterial flagellum, develop methods for its purification, and elucidate its fine structure and specific attachments to the bacterial cell envelope. (nih.gov)

However, the fitness of spo0A-null strain is severely compromised because of various disadvantageous phenotypes (e.g., abolished sporulation and enhanced cell lysis). (bvsalud.org)

Laub MT, McAdams HH, Feldblyum T, Fraser CM, Shapiro L. Global analysis of the genetic network controlling a bacterial cell cycle. (harvard.edu)
In order to ensure genetic stability, the genetic material must be correctly replicated once per cell cycle and properly segregated to the new daughter cells. (ous-research.no)
When the genetic information containing the "blueprint" for these substances is disrupted, cell homeostasis is disrupted, resulting in a wide-range of immediate and/or delayed toxicological effects. (cdc.gov)

The overarching theme of this Program will be to define how the cell cycle coordinates epigenetic events and chromosome remodeling and how this impacts on pluripotency and cell fate decisions. (grantome.com)

Kovács's team has found that in populations of the soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis , most microbes assume responsibility for matrix production during early development when they are little more than a throng of unconnected cells. (the-scientist.com)

Anatomy64

Organisms12

Diseases13

Chemicals and Drugs62

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment31

Phenomena and Processes134

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care2

Bacteria30

Genes7

Homologous Chromosomes3

Initiation of replication4

Genome11

Genomes4

Organisms10

Escherichia5

Meiosis5

Elongation2

Organization7

Segregation and cell1

Chromosomal1

Coli14

Gene7

Binary fission3

Machinery9

Unicellular1

Forks12

Transcription5

Genetics1

Caulobacter4

Regulation7

Eukaryotic4

Processes4

ParB4

Mechanisms3

Sister Chromatids1

Mechanism5

Coordinate1

Strains2

Physiology3

Progeny1

Dynamics1

DnaA3

Origin of replicat2

Protein9

Termination2

Cellular replication1

Vibrio1

Nucleus4

Viral replication3

Transduction1

Virus replication2

Initiator3

Prokaryotic2

Mitosis3

Division27

Regulate1

Synthesis1

Replicate2

Control1

Origins3

Mammalian cells1

High fidelity1

Proteins involved1

Daughter cell receives1

Metaphase1

Molecular2

Cytoplasm1

Influenza A vir1

Arrest1

Sequence2

Onset1

Phage2

Fork2

Elucidate1

Sporulation1

Genetic3

Epigenetic1

Bacterium1