• YAC (Yeast Artificial Chromosome): A vector of hundreds to kilobases long used for cloning of DNA fragment. (biologyexams4u.com)
  • In the process of cloning the entire Md11 genome in a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vector, we obtained an infectious clone in which the entire terminal repeat short segment (TRS) was replaced by a portion of the duck genome. (usda.gov)
  • We have developed a method to capture inserts from P1 and P1 artificial chromosome (PAC) clones into a yeast-bacteria shuttle vector by using recombinogenic targeting. (psu.edu)
  • We have engineered a vector, pPAC-ResQ, a derivative of pClasper, which was previously used to capture inserts from yeast artificial chromosome clones, pPAC-ResQ contains DNA fragments flanking the inserts in P1 and PAC vectors as recombinogenic ends. (psu.edu)
  • Development of two bacterial artificial chromosome shuttle vectors for" by Young Kwon Hong, Duk Hwan Kim et al. (pvamu.edu)
  • To facilitate M. grisea genome analysis, physical mapping, and positional cloning, we have constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library from the rice infecting strain 70-15. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • In addition, a 550-kbp contig composed of 6 BAC clones was constructed that encompassed two adjacent RFLP markers on chromosome 2. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • In this study, these difficulties were overcome by cloning the entire AlHV-1 genome as a stable, infectious and pathogenic bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC). (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Cloning and mutagenesis of the murine gammaherpesvirus 68 genome as an infectious bacterial artificial chromosome. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • To be able to directly compare the impact of the PC on the levels of neutralizing antibody (NT-abs) responses, a PC-positive variant of the HCMV laboratory strain Towne was established by bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) mutagenesis (Towne-UL130rep). (asm.org)
  • To address this issue, we are employing a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) cloning strategy to sequence entire MHC haplotypes from consanguineous cell lines as part of the MHC Haplotype Project. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To study its performance in complex genomes, we used 454 technology to sequence four barley Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) clones and compared the results to those from ABI-Sanger sequencing. (biomedcentral.com)
  • BAC (Bacterial Artificial Chromosome) libraries are a compilation of vectors carrying segments of DNA which make up the whole genome. (xenopusresource.org)
  • PAC (P1-derived artificial chromosome) is commonly used in modern research. (genomequebecplatforms.com)
  • The vectors of this series contain genes of the moderate bacteriophage P1, which ensure replication of the phage chromosome in infected bacterial cells. (genomequebecplatforms.com)
  • However, unlike the bacteriophage, which, during a latent (lysogenic) state, integrates its chromosome into the chromosome of the host bacteriophage, the P1 phage maintains the chromosome in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells in the form of a circular covalently closed molecule resembling a plasmid, the size of which is 100 kbp. (genomequebecplatforms.com)
  • A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) is a vector system based on the E. coli F-plasmid, cos sites of the lambda phage and loxP of the P1 phage, used for cloning long (150-350 kbp) DNA sequences. (genomequebecplatforms.com)
  • A similar vector system called PAC (p1-derived artificial chromosome) was made on the basis of a bacterial P1 plasmid from the DNA of the P1 phage. (genomequebecplatforms.com)
  • We found that Dusp4 loss alone is insufficient in mediating tumorigenesis, but alternatively converges with loss in Trp53 and MYC amplification to induce tumorigenesis primarily through chromosome 5 amplification, which specifically upregulates Dbf4 , a cell cycle gene that promotes cellular replication by mediating cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recombination-mediated genetic engineering of a bacterial artificial chromosome clone of modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA). (ox.ac.uk)
  • The production, manipulation and rescue of a bacterial artificial chromosome clone of Vaccinia virus (VAC-BAC) in order to expedite construction of expression vectors and mutagenesis of the genome has been described (Domi & Moss, 2002, PNAS99 12415-20). (ox.ac.uk)
  • The vector has a short portion of the β -galactosidase gene (the alpha fragment), and the bacterial chromosome has the rest of the gene. (istudy.pk)
  • The four types of vectors are plasmids, viral vectors, cosmids and artificial chromosomes. (byjus.com)
  • Vectors that are able to carry larger gene sequences than any other vector are referred to as artificial chromosomes. (byjus.com)
  • Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs), Human artificial chromosomes (HACs), and Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) are some examples of artificial chromosomes. (byjus.com)
  • Yeast Artificial Chromosomes (YACs) are artificially constructed vectors. (byjus.com)
  • Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs) are DNA constructs that are used for transformation and cloning in bacterial cells, mostly E.coli . (byjus.com)
  • By transplanting the DNA of the first bacteria, Mycoplasma mycoides, into yeast, whose genetics are easier to manipulate, they were able to modify the bacterial chromosomes in two important ways. (nextbigfuture.com)
  • Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) and P1-based artificial chromosomes (PACs) have proved excellent tools for the human genome sequencing projects. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To overcome the difficulties arising when using artificial yeast chromosomes, alternative vector systems have been designed, among which the most popular at present are systems based on artificial chromosomes of bacteria - BAC. (genomequebecplatforms.com)
  • Artificial bacterial chromosomes are often used to sequence the genomes of organisms in various projects, such as the Human Genome project. (genomequebecplatforms.com)
  • Cloning vectors in yeast include yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs). (fullsportpress.net)
  • Certain genes or the part of the chromosomes can be introduced in the cells to show the respective feature. (mcqexams.com)
  • For the transfer of whole chromosomes, metaphase cells are selected. (mcqexams.com)
  • These cells are subjected to hypotonic lysis and individual chromosomes or fragments are isolated. (mcqexams.com)
  • The fragments of the chromosomes are incubated with whole cells/ eggs for transfection. (mcqexams.com)
  • This allows the egg cells to take up the chromosomes from the medium. (mcqexams.com)
  • Any DNA molecule that has the ability to replicate inside the host to which the desired gene is integrated for cloning- include plasmids, bacteriophages, cosmids, BAC, yeast vectors, shuttle vectors etc. (biologyexams4u.com)
  • Cloning vectors are used for obtaining millions of copies of the cloned DNA fragments. (biologyexams4u.com)
  • The cloned genes in these vectors are not expected to express themselves at the transcription or translation level. (biologyexams4u.com)
  • Cloning vectors (Cloning vehicles) are used for creating genomic libraries, preparing probes, genetic engineering, or other basic studies. (biologyexams4u.com)
  • The most important requirement for recombinant DNA technology is the cloning vector and expression vectors. (biologyexams4u.com)
  • Cosmids are the novel cloning vectors which possess properties of both plasmid and phage. (biologyexams4u.com)
  • Cosmid can be defined as the hybrid vectors derived from plasmids that contain cos site of phage which is essential for packaging of nucleic acid into protein coat plus essential features of plasmids and several unique restriction sites for the insertion of DNA to be cloned. (biologyexams4u.com)
  • The insertion of vectors into bacteria is called transformation, into eukaryotic cells is called transfection and insertion of viral vectors is called transduction. (byjus.com)
  • YAC vectors are DNA constructs that are used for cloning DNA in yeasts. (byjus.com)
  • 1-2 vectors are found per bacterial cell. (byjus.com)
  • We describe a system to rapidly and efficiently deliver and express BAC and PAC library clones in human and mouse cells by converting them into infectious amplicon vectors. (ox.ac.uk)
  • M13 phage has been variously modified to give rise to a MP13 mp series of cloning vectors which can be used for cloning of a wide variety of DNA fragments DNA cloning is an experimental technique that produces identical copies of DNA genetic code sequences. (fullsportpress.net)
  • Cloning vectors. (fullsportpress.net)
  • Characteristics of a cloning vectors. (fullsportpress.net)
  • Before discussing how a gene is cloned, the properties of vectors are considered. (istudy.pk)
  • The next key trait of cloning vectors is an easy way to detect their presence in the host organism. (istudy.pk)
  • The invention provides nucleic acids, including coding sequences, oligonucleotide primers and probes, proteins, cloning vectors, expression vectors, transformed hosts, methods of developing pharmaceutical compositions, methods of identifying molecules involved in bone development, and methods of diagnosing and treating diseases. (zhangqiaokeyan.com)
  • Furthermore, we have shown that the variant MDV genome containing the duck genome substitution is present in the parental Md11 population and has been maintained through several subsequent propagations of the virus on chicken cells. (usda.gov)
  • This finding provides direct evidence that host genome acquisition by MDV actually occurs during virus replication, and that one or more such MDV genomes with host sequences may exist within MDV viral stocks, which tend to be polyclonal due to the strictly cell-associated nature of its infection process. (usda.gov)
  • The next step will be to insert a lab-built genome into a bacterial cell, creating a brand new living organism. (nextbigfuture.com)
  • We recently reported the chemical synthesis, assembly, and cloning of a bacterial genome in yeast. (nextbigfuture.com)
  • To produce a synthetic cell, the genome must be transferred from yeast to a receptive cytoplasm. (nextbigfuture.com)
  • We cloned a Mycoplasma mycoides genome as a yeast centromeric plasmid, and then transplanted it into Mycoplama capricolum to produce a viable M. mycoides cell. (nextbigfuture.com)
  • The loxP -flanked BAC cassette was excised from the genome of reconstituted virions by growing them in permissive cells stably expressing Cre recombinase. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Interestingly, the first genome-wide CRISPR interference/activation screens to discover susceptibility genes of oxidative stress in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived human neurons identified PSAP. (nature.com)
  • In this study, we have analysed the production of infectious Qβ phage particles in three different cell-free infection systems upon addition of the Qβ genome as a template. (fortunejournals.com)
  • Virus particles have a nucleic acid genome and may also carry a few viral proteins, which are enclosed in a capsid of viral proteins or an envelope comprised of a small part of the host cell membrane. (fortunejournals.com)
  • Sorek and colleagues recently noticed that retrons often appear in the bacterial genome alongside genes involved in defense against bacteriophages. (weizmann-usa.org)
  • Genome editing technologies, which are based on manmade or bacterial nucleases, have opened up the possibility of directly targeting and changing genomic sequences in practically all eukaryotic cells. (rroij.com)
  • Genome editing methods, which are based on manmade or bacterial nucleases, have advanced rapidly in the last ten years and have begun to show amazing applicability in a variety of domains, spanning from fundamental research to applied biotechnology and biomedical research. (rroij.com)
  • Following that, the discovery of a new class of Flavobacterium okeanokoites (FokI) catalytic domains generated from bacterial proteins known as Transcription Activator-Like Effectors (TALEs) has opened up new avenues for precise genome editing. (rroij.com)
  • First artificial cloning vector (1977) constructed by Boliver & Rodriguez from E .coli plasmid. (biologyexams4u.com)
  • E. coli strain GB08-red enables recombineering of plasmids and BACs without the necessity to maintain an expression plasmid in the cells since the necessary. (biosave.com)
  • After that process, the recombinant GENETICS and the remaining plasmid will probably be replicated, allowing the gene to clone. (mabuty.com)
  • The F-plasmid encodes genes that regulate replication and control copy number (1-2 molecules per cell). (genomequebecplatforms.com)
  • A cloning vector is a small piece of DNA, taken from a virus, a plasmid, or the cell of a higher organism, that can be stably maintained in an organism, and into which a foreign DNA fragment can be inserted for cloningpurposes. (fullsportpress.net)
  • Inclusion of a polylinker in a plasmid vector thus permits cloning of restriction fragments generated by cleavage of DNA with multiple different restriction enzymes. (fullsportpress.net)
  • In cells without an insert in the plasmid, β -galactosidase is active and splits X-gal to form a blue dye. (istudy.pk)
  • the biological mechanism by which the cells read the information contained in the genes was established. (veritasint.com)
  • DNA Cloning and Gene Cloning (Recombinant DNA Technology) exclusively copies genes or DNA segments to execute the cloning. (mabuty.com)
  • DUSP4 alterations lead to hyperactivation of MAPK signaling in many cancers, including breast cancer, which often harbor mutations in cell cycle checkpoint genes, particularly in TP53. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interestingly, replication stress in Brca2-null cells activates p53 and the expression of its target genes, including senescence-inducing Ink4/Arf. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cloning is the method of producing identical genes through different procedures. (fullsportpress.net)
  • Method of gene cloning is useful in studying the structure and function of genes in detail. (fullsportpress.net)
  • Once a fragment of DNA has been cloned and inserted into a suitable vector, large amounts of DNA can be manufactured, the sequence can be determined, and any genes in the fragment can be expressed in other organisms. (istudy.pk)
  • Bacterial cloning plasmids often have antibiotic resistance genes that make bacteria resistant to particular antibiotics. (istudy.pk)
  • This allows researchers to open the cloning vector at one site without disrupting any of the vector's replication genes. (istudy.pk)
  • NHEJ can be used to inactivate a single or several genes in immortalized cell lines, but by causing loss-of-function mutations, it results in irreversible gene inactivation. (rroij.com)
  • To identify human PPARs-responsive genes, we established tetracycline-regulated human hepatoblastoma cell lines that can be induced to express each human PPAR and investigated the gene expression profiles of these cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DNA microarray analyses using these cell lines were performed with or without adding each subtype ligand and provided much important information on the PPAR target genes involved in lipid metabolism, transport, storage and other activities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The results suggest that these cell lines are important tools used to identify the human PPARs-responsive genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • What is a cloning vector? (biologyexams4u.com)
  • The vector must be able to replicate in host cells. (biologyexams4u.com)
  • A vector used to clone DNA fragments of 100-300 kb insert size in E.coli cells. (biologyexams4u.com)
  • It is a 4362 kb long widely used cloning vector. (biologyexams4u.com)
  • A vector is a stretch of DNA that acts as a transport for carrying foreign genetic material into host cells, where it can replicate and express itself. (byjus.com)
  • Only one vector occurs per yeast cell. (byjus.com)
  • MCS stands for Multiple Cloning Sites in a vector where multiple restriction sites are present. (byjus.com)
  • This gene continues to be carefully segregated from the chromosomal DNA of the organism and transferred into a bacterial vector of one other DNA. (mabuty.com)
  • M13 as cloning vector for DNA sequencing. (fullsportpress.net)
  • A cloning vector is a small piece of DNA into which a foreign DNA fragment can be inserted. (fullsportpress.net)
  • The insertion of the fragment into the cloning vector is carried out by treating the vehicle and the foreign DNA with a restriction enzyme that creates the same … 6/5/2017 · Cloning vector-characteristics and types Cloning vector. (fullsportpress.net)
  • Cloning vector is a small DNA molecule capable of self-replication inside the host cell. (fullsportpress.net)
  • Cloning vector is used for replicating donor DNA fragment within host cell. (fullsportpress.net)
  • 6/5/2017 · Cloning vector-characteristics and types Cloning vector. (fullsportpress.net)
  • Gene cloning involves separation of specific gene or DNA fragments from a donor cell, attaching it to small carrier molecule called vector and then replicating this recombinant vector into a host cell. (fullsportpress.net)
  • Which cloning vector was discovered for the first time? (mcqexams.com)
  • The first widely used Cloning vector $$pBR322$$ that contains around 4300 base pairs. (mcqexams.com)
  • Bacterial machinery does not have PTM mechanism, hence the expression of eukaryotic proteins becomes difficult. (byjus.com)
  • We studied the course of infection by analysing the production of viral RNA, proteins and phage particles produced in the cell-free reactions. (fortunejournals.com)
  • Specifically, the viral RNA was replicated, the viral proteins were translated, and infectious phage particles were produced in the cell-free infection systems. (fortunejournals.com)
  • In this study, two roughly 60 kDa chimeric flagelliform-dragline Spider Silk-Like Proteins (SSLPs), differing slightly in their amino acid sequences, were produced in recombinant Escherichia coli clones. (uwyo.edu)
  • Deletion of C12L, A44L, A46R or B7R did not significantly affect CD8(+) T cell immunogenicity in BALB/c mice, but deletion of B15R enhanced specific CD8(+) T cell responses to one of two endogenous viral epitopes (from the E2 and F2 proteins), in accordance with published work (Staib et al. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These nuclease systems necessitated specialized expertise to create artificial proteins made up of sequence-specific DNA-binding domains coupled to a nonspecific nuclease for target cleavage, giving researcher's unparalleled access to genetic manipulation tools. (rroij.com)
  • This insertion allowed the production of an AlHV-1 BAC clone stably maintained in bacteria and able to regenerate virions when transfected into permissive cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • When RecBCD complexes in Ec48-containing bacteria were inhibited, either by a virus or by molecules the researchers added, the bacteria self-destructed within minutes, helping to protect neighboring cells. (weizmann-usa.org)
  • Medical Applications: In medicine, cloned bacteria plays important role for the synthesis of vitamins, hormones and antibiotics. (fullsportpress.net)
  • When β -galactosidase is expressed, the bacteria can degrade X-gal, which turns the bacterial colony blue. (istudy.pk)
  • These different kinds are: recombinant DNA technology which includes GENETICS cloning or gene cloning, therapeutic cloning, and reproductive system cloning. (mabuty.com)
  • Recombinant DNAs based on them (insert size 150-200 kbp) are introduced into bacterial cells using electroporation. (genomequebecplatforms.com)
  • Analyses of endogenous Kv2.2 in cortical neurons in situ and recombinant Kv2.2 expressed in heterologous cells reveal that Kv2.2 is largely refractory to stimuli that trigger robust, phosphorylation-dependent changes in Kv2.1 clustering and function. (jneurosci.org)
  • The bacterial silk clone cells were harvested following expression of the recombinant silk gene. (uwyo.edu)
  • Furthermore, a recombinant vaccine capable of inducing CD8(+) T cells against an epitope from Plasmodium berghei was created using GalK counterselection to insert an antigen expression cassette lacking a tandem marker gene into the traditional thymidine kinase locus of MVA-BAC. (ox.ac.uk)
  • When the team cloned retrons into E. coli strains that normally lack these elements, those populations better resisted viral infection. (weizmann-usa.org)
  • Cloning in biotechnology refers to the process of creating clones of organisms or copies of cells or DNA fragments (molecular cloning). (fullsportpress.net)
  • The numbers and types of plasmids available for cloning have grown. (istudy.pk)
  • Most bacterial plasmids satisfy the first three requirements. (istudy.pk)
  • Some plasmids exist in just one or a few copies in their host cells whereas others exist in multiple copies. (istudy.pk)
  • Name an eukaryotic organism that has plasmids, and can be used as a host in gene cloning experiments. (mcqexams.com)
  • Gene cloning begins with all the insertion of a gene. (mabuty.com)
  • 6/3/2017 · Gene cloning- Steps involved in gene cloning Gene cloning. (fullsportpress.net)
  • 10/21/2011 · What is the application of gene cloning in The chimeric DNA or rDNA formed by cloning is stable and can be used to propagate and sequence the DNA. (fullsportpress.net)
  • Gene Cloning and Its Medical Uses Qasim Munye 18th September 2014 Respond In its simplest form, for example in the treatment of single gene (monogenic) disorders, gene therapy can be considered the replacement of a defective gene in an individual with a functional "wild type" version of the gene to reverse the pathology. (fullsportpress.net)
  • pPAC-ResQ clones thus obtained can be further modified in yeast for functional analysis and shuttled to Escherichia coli to produce large quantities of cloned DNA. (psu.edu)
  • Bacteriophage Qβ was found to replicate in two of the three tested cell-free infection systems. (fortunejournals.com)
  • In 2000 ACT researchers in the United States cloned a gaur (Bos gaurus), an Asian ox with a then declining wild population. (asu.edu)
  • MDV generated from this infectious MDV-BAC clone can induce lymphomas in infected birds, the major hallmark of Marek's disease, however, at a frequency considerably lower than the parental Md11 virus stock. (usda.gov)
  • An infectious transfer and expression system for genomic DNA loci in human and mouse cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The genomic BAC clone was 'rescued' back to infectious virus using a Fowlpox virus helper to supply transcriptional machinery. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Using these three types of cloning, biological species including cells, organisms, and genetics have all recently been successfully cloned. (mabuty.com)
  • In nature, many organisms produce clones through asexual reproduction. (fullsportpress.net)
  • In practically all cell types and organisms, nuclease-induced DNA DSBs can be repaired by one of two basic mechanisms. (rroij.com)
  • 454 sequencing provided a much more even coverage of the BAC clones than ABI-Sanger sequencing, resulting in almost complete assembly of all genic sequences even at only 9 to 10-fold coverage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • a) Why must a cell be made 'competent' in biotechnology experiments? (mcqexams.com)
  • a) The cell must be made competent in biotechnology experiments because DNA being a hydrophilic molecule, cannot pass through cell membrane. (mcqexams.com)
  • Advanced Cell Technology (ACT), a stem cell biotechnology company in Worcester, Massachusetts, showed the potential for cloning to contribute to conservation efforts. (asu.edu)
  • So that it features which are useful for molecular cloning experiments. (biologyexams4u.com)
  • They rely on their target cell for molecular building blocks, energy sources and host factors to replicate, since viruses are gene poor compared to their host [1]. (fortunejournals.com)
  • The contributions in this book provide the reader with a perspective on how pervasive the applications of molecular cloning have become. (fullsportpress.net)
  • The discovery of this new class of SSCs is based on the conjunction of evidence from unbiased single-cell molecular profiling and functional dissection of the BMSC lineage hierarchy using in vivo cell lineage analysis. (nature.com)
  • In addition, they had ductal arrangements or plasmacytoid appearances of tumor cells and myxoid or hyaline stromata, indicating some characteristics of pleomorphic adenoma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While much is known about the ErbB receptor binding characteristics of BTC and its effect on a variety of cultured cells under different conditions, the challenge that lies ahead is to determine the role of BTC in vivo. (embl.de)
  • Of note, we define OCT identities as a state with some characteristics of both osteoblasts and chondrocytes, instead of cell-type plasticity between osteoblasts and chondrocytes. (nature.com)
  • To demonstrate that genomic loci transferred in this way are functional, the complete human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) locus contained within a 115-kilobase BAC insert was shown to be expressed when delivered by infection into both a human HPRT-deficient fibroblast cell line and a mouse primary hepatocyte culture derived from Hprt-/- mice. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Hybridization of total genomic DNA to the library and analysis of individual clones indicated that ~26% of the clones contain single-copy DNA. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Overexpression of PSAP via AAV and encapsulated cell biodelivery protected against 6-OHDA and α-synuclein toxicity in wild-type rodents. (nature.com)
  • We find that together with loss-of-function mutations in p53 and, to some degree, potentiated by cMyc overexpression, Dusp4 deletion aids in cell cycle checkpoint escape while simultaneously potentiating hallmarks of replicative stress, including multinucleation and Chk1 phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is well-described that leptin receptor (LepR) + perivascular stromal cells provide a major source of bone-forming osteoblasts in adult and aged bone marrow. (nature.com)
  • Keystone Symposia: Cell Biology of Virus Entry, Replication and Pathogenesis. (usda.gov)
  • This study identifies a novel mechanism for breast tumorigenesis implicating Dusp4 loss and p53 mutations in cellular acquisition of Dbf4 upregulation as a driver of cellular replication and cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Given the previously reported role of DUSP4 as a p53 target, a potential cell cycle checkpoint, and in mediating senescence downstream of replication stress, we hypothesized that DUSP4 may be a critical oncogenic driver in breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bacterial retrons function in anti-phage defense," Cell , 183:1551-61.e12, 2020. (weizmann-usa.org)
  • The total protein recovered through standard bacterial cell lysis methods was heat treated and all Hisitidine-tagged recSSLPs were recovered using immobilized metal (nickel) affinity chromatography (IMAC). (uwyo.edu)
  • SM-AP1-3 cells were immunopositive for keratin only, indicating their duct-epithelial or squamous cell differentiation, while SM-AP4/5 cells were positive for both keratin and S-100 protein, indicating their myoepithelial cell differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using a subviral particle vaccine candidate, we show here that one protein complex of HCMV, termed the pentameric complex (PC), enhances the neutralizing antibody response against viral infection of different cell types. (asm.org)
  • The cell-free infection systems were based on cell-free protein expression systems: two commercial systems and one custom-made system. (fortunejournals.com)
  • The present invention relates to methods and materials used to express HBM protein in animal and transgenic animal cells. (zhangqiaokeyan.com)
  • Although pathologists in their daily services of surgical pathology had recognized such singular atypical cells in pleomorphic adenomas, these atypical cells were not always regarded as evidence or the source for malignant transformation [ 4 - 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is a single standard DNA or RNA tagged with a radioactive molecule, which is complementary to the DNA in a clone of cells. (mcqexams.com)
  • Hence, the cell should be made competent to accept the DNA molecule. (mcqexams.com)
  • This approach provides a rapid method to modify P1/PAC clones for functional analysis. (psu.edu)
  • Several unlinked single-copy DNA probes were used to screen 4608 clones in the library and an average of 13 (minimum of 6) overlapping BAC clones was found in each case. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • b) The biolistic gun has been developed to introduce rDNA into mainly plant cells by using a gene / particle gun. (mcqexams.com)
  • Expression is particularly high in the pancreas where it is thought to play a role in the differentiation of pancreatic beta cells. (embl.de)
  • The restricted pattern of Kv2.2 expression persists in Kv2.1-KO mice, suggesting distinct cell- and layer-specific functions for these two highly related Kv2 subunits. (jneurosci.org)
  • We found that the expression of each PPAR subtype was tightly controlled by the concentration of doxycycline in these established cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transplanted cells in nude mice formed subcutaneous tumors, which had histological features of squamous cell carcinoma with apparent keratinizing tendencies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study demonstrates in vitro that certain cell types from pleomorphic adenoma are able to clone and survive over a long term and develop subcutaneous tumors in nude mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The histological features of squamous cell carcinoma from the transplanted cell systems in nude mice might suggest a secondary onset of malignancy from a pre-existing benign adenoma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To decipher the role of PSAP specifically in the dopaminergic system, we generated mice with inducible and cell specific PSAP deletion in DA neurons (cPSAP DAT ). (nature.com)
  • Therefore, we generated mice with PSAP deletion in serotonin neurons (cPSAP SERT ) to further examine the role of PSAP in a cell population distinct from DA neurons. (nature.com)
  • Four apparently full-length, rescuable clones were obtained, which had indistinguishable immunogenicity in mice. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Should have unique restriction sites as polylinkers or multiple cloning site (MCS). (biologyexams4u.com)
  • Resistance refers to bacterial defense mechanisms used to evade the effects of an antibiotic. (cdc.gov)
  • This allowed them to transplant the modified bacterial DNA into a second bacterium and bring the new form to life. (nextbigfuture.com)
  • The neutralizing antibody response to PC-positive DBs was superior to that of PC-negative DBs, as tested on fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells and for both animal species used. (asm.org)
  • On this study, the angiogenic functionality of human endothelial cells was studied after being plated on the ground of polyurethane-poly caprolactone (PU/PCL) scaffolds for 72 hours. (heraeus-targets.com)
  • Junk was in reality, the first mammal to get cloned via a cellular taken from a fully adult dog cell. (mabuty.com)
  • In reproductive : cloning, a skin cellular is thoroughly extracted via an animal. (mabuty.com)
  • The production of nuclease-induced Double-Stranded Breaks (DSBs) leads to the stimulation of very effective cellular DNA recombination processes in mammalian cells, which leads to targeted DNA changes. (rroij.com)
  • Transcriptomic profiling of T-cell populations in non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder cancer. (lu.se)
  • The virulent MDV strain Md11 was isolated from a commercial chicken and propagated initially on duck cells. (usda.gov)
  • BTC is proteolytically processed from a larger membrane-anchored precursor and is a potent mitogen for a wide variety of cell types. (embl.de)
  • Here, through combined use of cortical layer markers and transgenic mouse lines, we show that Kv2.1 and Kv2.2 are localized to functionally distinct cortical cell types. (jneurosci.org)
  • Here, we show that the Kv2 family members Kv2.1 and Kv2.2 are expressed in distinct cortical layers and pyramidal cell types associated with specific corticostriatal pathways. (jneurosci.org)
  • After complete development as well as the birth, it is obvious why these animals have a similar genetic make-up from the subscriber and new clone. (mabuty.com)
  • It sounds counterintuitive," Sorek says-but it's better for the colony to have a few cells die to stop the virus replicating. (weizmann-usa.org)
  • However, HR's effectiveness in mammalian cells and model animals has been severely constrained. (rroij.com)
  • Distinct pathways of cell migration and antiapoptotic response to epithelial injury: structure-function analysis of human intestinal trefoil factor. (embl.de)
  • Using a genetically engineered mouse model, we generated mammary-specific Dusp4 -deleted primary epithelial cells to investigate the necessary conditions in which DUSP4 loss may drive breast cancer oncogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)