Anaerobic BacteriaCephalosporinsCefotetanAntibioticsAntibioticImipenemIsolatesMultidrug-resistant bacteriaSodiumBeta-lactamaseChlamydiaEnteric BacteriaAztreonamAntimicrobialCephamycinInfectionStaphylococcusStrainsType of bacteriaTypes of bacteriaMethicillin resistanceMefoxinSusceptible bacteriaCausativeMechanismOral cavityResistanceGenesDisk diffusionSalmonellaClinicallyPeptidoglycanCervixColonizationSpectrumAbstractInjectionTractSpecies
Anaerobic Bacteria7
- Overview of Anaerobic Bacteria Bacteria can be classified by their need and tolerance for oxygen: Facultative: Grow aerobically or anaerobically in the presence or absence of oxygen Microaerophilic: Require a low oxygen concentration. (msdmanuals.com)
- Like many cephamycins, Cefoxitin is particularly effective against anaerobic bacteria. (toku-e.com)
- Anaerobic bacteria were identified via API 20 A. Susceptibility testing for penicillin, ampicillin + sulbactam, amoxicillin + clavulanate, cefoxitin, clindamycin, metronidazole, and imipenem were performed with the E-test. (clin-lab-publications.com)
- Because this product is effective against anaerobic bacteria and stable to β-lactamase, it is especially suitable for aerobic and anaerobic mixed infections, and for the production of β-lactamase. (fychinamedical.com)
- Similarly, many infections caused by aerobic and anaerobic bacteria resistant to some penicillin antibiotics (ampicillin, carbenicillin, penicillin G) respond to treatment with cefoxitin for injection, USP. (wikidoc.org)
- Many infections caused by mixtures of susceptible aerobic and anaerobic bacteria respond to treatment with cefoxitin for injection, USP. (wikidoc.org)
- Many recommend cefazolin + metronidazole, cefotetan , cefoxitin or ampicillin/sulbactam as surgical prophylaxis when anaerobic bacteria leakage is likely. (hopkinsguides.com)
Cephalosporins5
- II generation cephalosporins have enhanced activity against gram-negative bacteria and a broad spectrum of activity compared with the drugs I generation. (silicongroup.net)
- In randomized comparative studies, Cefoxitin for injection, USP and cephalothin were comparably safe and effective in the management of infections caused by gram-positive cocci and gram-negative rods susceptible to the cephalosporins. (wikidoc.org)
- Many infections caused by aerobic and anaerobic gram-negative bacteria resistant to some cephalosporins respond to cefoxitin for injection, USP. (wikidoc.org)
- Sensitivity of gram-negative bacteria is less predictable, but most enteric gram-negative bacteria will be susceptible to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides or second or third generation cephalosporins. (vin.com)
- Cefoxitin (30 mg/kg SQ q8h for dogs) and cefotetan (30 mg/kg SQ q12h for dogs) are second generation cephalosporins with good spectrum including anaerobes. (vin.com)
Cefotetan1
- Cefoxitin and cefotetan have increasing rates of resistance in Bacteroides species and would not be used as monotherapy. (hopkinsguides.com)
Antibiotics10
- This PBP has a lower binding affinity for penicillin-based antibiotics such as cefoxitin and will continue to cross-link the peptidoglycan layers of the cell wall even in the presence of the beta-lactam antibiotics. (wikipedia.org)
- Prescribing antibiotics is the first way to treat the disease due to the important role of bacteria in causing nosocomial infections but the challenge in the treatment of these infections is the occurrence of antibiotic resistance [11]. (jpmed.ir)
- METHOD The information required for each patient (based on the Clinical Guidebook of nosocomial Infection in Iran) in the information form including: age, gender, hospitalization department, performing invasive procedures (endotracheal intubation, cathetering, venous catheter, arterial catheter) culture samples, sensitivity and resistance to antibiotics, type of antibiotic, type of infection and type of bacteria were recorded. (jpmed.ir)
- Antibiotics such as Ampicillin are used to eliminate the growth of the bacteria. (nicolanhealthcare.com)
- His research ties Bacteria and Antibiotics together. (research.com)
- If you stop taking dicloxacillin too soon or if you skip doses, your infection may not be completely treated and the bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics. (safemedication.com)
- When the agent is not known, antibiotics should be chosen based on the most likely bacteria in that particular site. (vin.com)
- Antibiotics that can kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms have been used to treat a wide range of infectious diseases caused by bacteria, in livestock, poultry, wild, or fur animals (such as minks) and humans. (hindawi.com)
- Gram negative bacteria represent the most relevant reservoir of resistance to antibiotics in the environment. (edu.ng)
- However, the excessive use of antibiotics in the rearing of animals allows bacteria to develop antibiotic resistance through natural selection, and this undermines the efficacy of some available antibiotics due to failure in treatment. (edu.ng)
Antibiotic10
- Cefoxitin is a second-generation cephamycin antibiotic developed by Merck & Co., Inc. from Cephamycin C in the year following its discovery, 1972. (wikipedia.org)
- Cefoxitin is a beta-lactam antibiotic which binds to penicillin binding proteins, or transpeptidases. (wikipedia.org)
- Due, in part, to the unavailability of methicillin in the United States, cefoxitin has replaced methicillin for disk diffusion tests, which determine the sensitivity of a bacterial specimen to a given antibiotic. (wikipedia.org)
- AIM(s) In this study, frequency and risk factors and antibiotic resistance of nosocomial infections caused by gram positive bacteria were investigated during 6 years in Mustafa Khomeini Hospital in Iran RESEARCH TYPE The present study is a retrospective cross -sectional and descriptive analytical study. (jpmed.ir)
- Technically, "antibiotic" refers only to antimicrobials derived from bacteria or molds but is often (including. (msdmanuals.com)
- Therefore, effective strategies must be implemented to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria, along with stricter adherence to infection control programmes. (who.int)
- Cefoxitin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. (toku-e.com)
- Objective: This study was carried out to identify sugar fermenting bacteria in the oral cavity and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern, assess the association with sugar fermenter bacteria and dental caries and evaluate dental caries outcomes among children. (bvsalud.org)
- Once the bacteria are identified, antibiotic selection is simplified because the susceptibility pattern of many organisms is predictable. (vin.com)
- The development of C. difficile infection (CDI) is usually associated with antibiotic treatment, which disrupts the gut flora, allowing this bacterium to colonize the intestine (3). (studyres.com)
Imipenem5
- However, cefoxitin is a better substrate than imipenem for beta-lactamases. (wikipedia.org)
- Almost all Gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to imipenem and ciprofloxacin. (who.int)
- Escherichia coli was the predominant bacteria isolated 146 (48.8%), and it showed most susceptibility to cefoperazone and imipenem. (hohmature.news)
- Imipenem ertapenem and cefoxitin had been from Merck Clear & Dohme (Rome Italy). (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
- Metallo-β-lactamase and AmpC β-lactamase production was phenotypically carried out using ceftazidime-imipenem antagonism test (CIAT), cefoxitin-cloxacillin double disk synergy test (CC-DDST), modified Hodges test, and inhibition based assay. (edu.ng)
Isolates5
- found in a 2009 study that cefoxitin disk assays correctly identified all 60 mecA-positive Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA isolates, to be resistant to cefoxitin. (wikipedia.org)
- Cefoxitin (30g) was used as surrogate to determine phenotypic methicillin resistance in staphylococcus isolates, and the methicillin resistance ( mec A) gene was detected by conventional PCR assay. (who.int)
- Four of the 9 (44.4%) CoNS isolates were cefoxitin resistant and all the 4 (100%) carried mec A gene. (who.int)
- Cefoxitin Sodium is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbial isolates. (toku-e.com)
- Thus, the present study aimed to isolate lactic acid bacteria from eight kefir grains that were propagated in milk or sugar solutions from five different locations in Brazil and to select Lactobacillus isolates based on desirable in vitro probiotic properties. (who.int)
Multidrug-resistant bacteria1
Sodium5
- The generic version of cefoxitin is known as cefoxitin sodium. (wikipedia.org)
- Cefoxitin Sodium, USP is the sodium salt of Cefoxitin, a cephamycin β-lactam second-generation cephalosporin that is resistant to β-lactamases. (toku-e.com)
- Cefoxitin Sodium is freely soluble in aqueous solution. (toku-e.com)
- Cefoxitin sodium for injection is indicated for the following infections caused by bacteria sensitive to this product: upper and lower respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections including uncomplicated gonorrhea, peritonitis and other intra-abdominal and pelvic infections and sepsis ( Including typhoid fever) · Gynecological infections · Bone and joint soft tissue infections · Endocarditis. (fychinamedical.com)
- Cefoxitin sodium is a 2nd generation cephalosporin that is FDA approved for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections , urinary tract infection , gynecological infections , septicemia , bone and joint infections , and skin infections . (wikidoc.org)
Beta-lactamase2
- Yet only cefoxitin retained its previous effectiveness against Gram negative bacteria, developed effectiveness against Gram positive bacteria, and resisted breakdown by beta-lactamase. (wikipedia.org)
- Target bacteria included extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL), carbapenem-resistant- P.aeruginosa (CR-PA), carbapenem-resistant- A.baumannii (CR-AB) and methicillin-resistant S.aureus (MRSA). (biomedcentral.com)
Chlamydia2
- Many different types of bacteria cause PID, but PID is often caused by two common STIs, namely Sexually Transmitted Infections Gonorrhea, and Chlamydia. (intimatehygine.com)
- Of the STI bacteria that can lead to PID, Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis are the most common. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Enteric Bacteria2
- The mortality rate associated with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative enteric bacteria in these patients is high in some intensive care units (ICUs). (who.int)
- The researchers focused on market swine and sows in the US between 2013 and 2019, and used the data compiled by the United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety Inspection Service under the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for Enteric Bacteria program. (phys.org)
Aztreonam2
- cefoxitin decreases effects of aztreonam by pharmacodynamic antagonism. (medscape.com)
- Increase in production of beta-lactamases by cefoxitin can inactivate aztreonam. (medscape.com)
Antimicrobial4
- Cefoxitin's spectrum of in vitro antimicrobial activity includes a broad range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, including anaerobes. (wikipedia.org)
- Bacteria may develop a synergistic relationship with bacteriophages and more effectively resist various stresses, enabling them to persist despite disinfection and antimicrobial treatment. (mdpi.com)
- It is important to monitor the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the swine industry because in 2022 the US was the third largest producer and consumer of swine meat and products, after the European Union and China," said Hamid Reza Sodagari, a postdoctoral research associate in the Varga lab. (phys.org)
- It may be caused by mobile genetic elements, which can transfer antimicrobial resistance from one bacterium to another. (phys.org)
Cephamycin5
- Groups of researchers at Merck and Lilly discovered Cephamycin C while looking at penicillin-producing bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
- Cephamycin C was the first cephem discovered but while it was highly resistant to several beta-lactamases, as is its derivative cefoxitin, it was almost only effective against Gram negative bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
- Cefoxitin, and the cephamycin family as a whole, served as a branching point and impulsed the discovery of more classes of beta-lactams. (wikipedia.org)
- As a cephamycin, cefoxitin is highly resistant to hydrolysis by some beta-lactamases, in part due to the presence of the 7-alpha-methoxy functional group (see skeletal formula above). (wikipedia.org)
- Cefoxitin was discovered in 1972 and developed by Merck & Co. and Lilly from Cephamycin C. It was synthesized in order to broaden its spectrum. (toku-e.com)
Infection6
- Infective Endocarditis Infective endocarditis is infection of the endocardium, usually with bacteria (commonly, streptococci or staphylococci) or fungi. (msdmanuals.com)
- Lactamase and infection caused by bacteria that are sensitive to this product. (fychinamedical.com)
- Cefoxitin for injection, USP is indicated for the prophylaxis of infection in patients undergoing uncontaminated gastrointestinal surgery, vaginal hysterectomy, abdominal hysterectomy, or cesarean section. (wikidoc.org)
- The risk may stem from introducing bacteria from a cervix infection into the upper part of the female reproductive system. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- In 85% of cases, the infection comes from STI bacteria. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is the occurrence of a significant number of bacteria (≥10 5 ) in the urine. (hohmature.news)
Staphylococcus6
- MRSA, or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a strain that has acquired resistance to cefoxitin via this gene. (wikipedia.org)
- Major bacterial strains susceptible to cefoxitin include: methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus sp. (wikipedia.org)
- Major bacteria resistant to cefoxitin include: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Enterococci Listeria monocytogenes Enterobacter sp. (wikipedia.org)
- Interpretive criteria for determining susceptibility to cefoxitin via disk diffusion are greater than or equal to 22mm resulting in a "susceptible" result for Staphylococcus aureus and greater than or equal to 25mm for coagulase-negative staphylococci to be considered susceptible. (wikipedia.org)
- Although a few cases of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus have been reported, with the emergence of resistance to vancomycin in enterococcus and the emergence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci with reduced sensitivity to vancomycin, the treatment problems of these bacteria have increased [12-14]. (jpmed.ir)
- His study in Staphylococcus aureus focuses on Cefoxitin in particular. (research.com)
Strains4
- For the purposes of detecting bacterial strains with the mecC gene, which like mecA codes for a different PBP, cefoxitin is more reliable than oxacillin because mecC does not correlate as strongly with oxacillin resistance. (wikipedia.org)
- 256 µg/mL for penicillin in B. fragilis strains, 128 µg/mL for cefoxitin in P. melaninogenica strains, 32 µg/mL for clindamycin and 64 µg/mL for metronidazole in P. acnes strains. (clin-lab-publications.com)
- Cefoxitin for injection, USP is indicated for the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the diseases listed below. (wikidoc.org)
- This is actually the latest MBL to possess widely spread all over the world among enterobacterial strains (2) (3) (4) (5 6 NDM-1-creating bacteria have already been retrieved from many infections sites as hospital-acquired and community-acquired attacks but also in environmental examples (7). (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
Type of bacteria1
- The type of bacteria found in odontogenic infections are normal commensals of the oral cavity. (drtbalu.co)
Types of bacteria1
- Dicloxacillin is used to treat infections caused by certain types of bacteria. (safemedication.com)
Methicillin resistance1
- determined that cefoxitin serves as an appropriate replacement for methicillin in determining if some bacteria display methicillin resistance. (wikipedia.org)
Mefoxin1
- Cefoxitin requires a prescription and as of 2010 is sold under the brand name Mefoxin by Bioniche Pharma, LLC. (wikipedia.org)
Susceptible bacteria2
- They inhibit enzymes in the cell wall of susceptible bacteria, disrupting cell wall synthesis. (msdmanuals.com)
- Ceftin is available as a generic drug and is prescribed to treat infections with susceptible bacteria including skin and middle ear infections, tonsillitis , throat infections, laryngitis , bronchitis , pneumonia , urinary tract infections, and gonorrhea . (rxlist.com)
Causative2
- Appropriate culture and susceptibility studies should be performed to determine the susceptibility of the causative organisms to Cefoxitin for injection, USP. (wikidoc.org)
- Bacteria are considered the major causative agent of UTIs, and both gram positive and negative bacteria are involved. (hohmature.news)
Mechanism1
- The production of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) is a primary β-lactam resistance mechanism in Gram-negative bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
Oral cavity1
- In addition to the above mentioned organism there are certain specific bacteria colonizing specific areas of the oral cavity. (drtbalu.co)
Resistance2
- Another more efficient form of resistance to cefoxitin is provided by the mecA gene in bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
- E. coli can also acquire and transfer resistance genes to other bacteria in the intestinal tract, making them ideal for monitoring programs of livestock and humans. (phys.org)
Genes2
- Conclusively, this study detected the presence of blaIMP-1, blaIMP-2, FOX-1 and CMY-1 genes, which are responsible for MBL and AmpC enzyme production in Gram-negative bacteria. (edu.ng)
- Abstract Bacillus cereus group bacteria containing the anthrax toxin genes can cause fatal anthrax pneumonia in welders. (cdc.gov)
Disk diffusion1
- Cefoxitin also yields more accurate results for disk diffusion tests. (wikipedia.org)
Salmonella2
Clinically1
- Staphylococci that are resistant to methicillin and oxacillin should also be considered clinically resistant to cefoxitin even if they test susceptible by in vitro methods. (wikipedia.org)
Peptidoglycan1
- By binding to PBPs, cefoxitin prevents the PBPs from forming the cross-linkages between the peptidoglycan layers that make up the bacterial cell wall, thereby interfering with cell wall synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
Cervix1
- A woman may have PID when bacteria pass from her vagina or cervix to her reproductive organs. (intimatehygine.com)
Colonization2
- Colonization with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is a major risk factor for developing subsequent MDR infections. (biomedcentral.com)
- There was an increasing trend in MDR bacteria colonization after hospitalization. (biomedcentral.com)
Spectrum1
- This new modification broadened its spectrum to include Gram positive bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
Abstract1
- Accepted August 23, 2012 ABSTRACT The catabolite control protein CcpA is a pleiotropic regulator that mediates the global transcriptional response to rapidly catabolizable carbohydrates, like glucose in Gram-positive bacteria. (studyres.com)
Injection2
- Therefore, when Cefoxitin for injection, USP is used in the treatment of patients with pelvic inflammatory disease and C. trachomatis is one of the suspected pathogens, appropriate anti-chlamydial coverage should be added. (wikidoc.org)
- Cefoxitin for injection, USP has a high degree of stability in the presence of bacterial beta-lactamases, both penicillinases and cephalosporinases. (wikidoc.org)
Tract2
- NEC is multifactorial, but prematurity and the presence of bacteria in the GI tract are significant risk factors associated with NEC. (medscape.com)
- The researchers focused on E. coli since these bacteria are ubiquitous in the intestinal tract of humans and pigs, and they are good indicators to test whether meat and meat products have been contaminated. (phys.org)
Species2
- Gram-negative bacteria were involved in 110 (49%), Gram-positive bacteria in 69 (31%), mixed bacteria species in 25 (11%) and Candida spp. (who.int)
- Bacteria were isolated from the peritoneal fluid of all animals and 2 or more species were isolated from 75% of the animals. (sages.org)